1
|
Zhu S, Dou W, Zeng X, Chen X, Gao Y, Liu H, Li S. Recent Advances in the Degradability and Applications of Tissue Adhesives Based on Biodegradable Polymers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5249. [PMID: 38791286 PMCID: PMC11121545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In clinical practice, tissue adhesives have emerged as an alternative tool for wound treatments due to their advantages in ease of use, rapid application, less pain, and minimal tissue damage. Since most tissue adhesives are designed for internal use or wound treatments, the biodegradation of adhesives is important. To endow tissue adhesives with biodegradability, in the past few decades, various biodegradable polymers, either natural polymers (such as chitosan, hyaluronic acid, gelatin, chondroitin sulfate, starch, sodium alginate, glucans, pectin, functional proteins, and peptides) or synthetic polymers (such as poly(lactic acid), polyurethanes, polycaprolactone, and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)), have been utilized to develop novel biodegradable tissue adhesives. Incorporated biodegradable polymers are degraded in vivo with time under specific conditions, leading to the destruction of the structure and the further degradation of tissue adhesives. In this review, we first summarize the strategies of utilizing biodegradable polymers to develop tissue adhesives. Furthermore, we provide a symmetric overview of the biodegradable polymers used for tissue adhesives, with a specific focus on the degradability and applications of these tissue adhesives. Additionally, the challenges and perspectives of biodegradable polymer-based tissue adhesives are discussed. We expect that this review can provide new inspirations for the design of novel biodegradable tissue adhesives for biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhuang Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Wenguang Dou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xiaojun Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xingchao Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yonglin Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Sidi Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang H, Hu X, Wu J, Song C, Tian Z, Jiang B. Hyaluronan degradation by HYAL2 is essential for odontoblastic differentiation and migration of mouse dental papilla cells. Matrix Biol 2024; 129:1-14. [PMID: 38490466 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The coordination between odontoblastic differentiation and directed cell migration of mesenchymal progenitors is necessary for regular dentin formation. The synthesis and degradation of hyaluronan (HA) in the extracellular matrix create a permissive niche that directly regulates cell behaviors. However, the role and mechanisms of HA degradation in dentin formation remain unknown. In this work, we present that HA digestion promotes odontoblastic differentiation and cell migration of mouse dental papilla cells (mDPCs). Hyaluronidase 2 (HYAL2) is responsible for promoting odontoblastic differentiation through degrading HA, while hyaluronidase 1 (HYAL1) exhibits negligible effect. Silencing Hyal2 generates an extracellular environment rich in HA, which attenuates F-actin and filopodium formation and in turn inhibits cell migration of mDPCs. In addition, activating PI3K/Akt signaling significantly rescues the effects of HA accumulation on cytodifferentiation. Taken together, the results confirm the contribution of HYAL2 to HA degradation in dentinogenesis and uncover the mechanism of the HYAL2-mediated HA degradation in regulating the odontoblastic differentiation and migration of mDPCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Huang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayan Wu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyu Song
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixin Tian
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Beizhan Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qin Y, Li G, Wang L, Yin G, Zhang X, Wang H, Zheng P, Hua W, Cheng Y, Zhao Y, Zhang J. Modular preparation of biphenyl triazoles via click chemistry as non-competitive hyaluronidase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2024; 146:107291. [PMID: 38521011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Hyaluronidase is a promising target in drug discovery, given its overexpression in a range of physiological and pathological processes, including tumor migration, skin aging, sagging, and wrinkling, as well as inflammation and bacterial infections. In this study, to identify novel hyaluronidase inhibitors, we applied click chemistry for the modular synthesis of 370 triazoles in 96-well plates, starting with biphenyl azide. Utilizing an optimized turbidimetric screening assay in microplates, we identified Fmoc-containing triazoles 5 and 6, as well as quinoline-containing triazoles 15 and 16, as highly effective hyaluronidase inhibitors. Subsequent research indicated that these triazoles potentially interact with a novel binding site of hyaluronidase. Notably, these inhibitors displayed minimal cytotoxicity and showed promising anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Remarkably, compound 6 significantly reduced NO release by 74 % at a concentration of 20 μM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiman Qin
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Guanyi Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Ling Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Guangyuan Yin
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Hongxiang Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Pengfei Zheng
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Wentao Hua
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Yaxue Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Jiong Zhang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yue Y, Shi F, Wang J, Ning Q, Zhang Z, Lv H. Sulfated hyaluronic acid gel for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128537. [PMID: 38043665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease. NSAIDS, cyclophosphamide and glucocorticoid were commonly used to treat RA in clinical application, which long-term administration of these drugs caused serious adverse reactions. Therefore, sulfated hyaluronic acid (sHA) gel (SG) was prepared to firstly treat the RA and avoid the problem of toxic side effect caused by long-term application. In vitro evaluation showed that sHA inhibited the level of reactive oxygen species and TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and decreased the ratio of macrophage M1/M2 type, which exerted better anti-inflammatory capacity. In vivo studies showed that the injection of SG into the joint cavity of collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis (CIA) rats could effectively treat joint swelling and reduce the level of inflammatory factors in the serum. Immunofluorescence showed that SG exerted its anti-inflammatory activity by decreasing the ratio of M1/M2 type macrophages in synovial tissue. Cartilage tissue sections showed that SG reduced bone erosion and elevated chondrocyte expression. These results confirmed that sHA is expected to be developed as a drug to treat or relieve RA, which could effectively regulate the level of macrophages in rat RA, alleviate the physiological state of inflammatory over-excitation, and improve its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Yue
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - FanLi Shi
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Qing Ning
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Zhenhai Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China.
| | - Huixia Lv
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Amatya S, Tietje-Mckinney D, Mueller S, Petrillo MG, Woolard MD, Bharrhan S, Orr AW, Kevil CG, Cidlowski JA, Cruz-Topete D. Adipocyte Glucocorticoid Receptor Inhibits Immune Regulatory Genes to Maintain Immune Cell Homeostasis in Adipose Tissue. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad143. [PMID: 37738419 PMCID: PMC10558062 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids acting via the glucocorticoid receptors (GR) are key regulators of metabolism and the stress response. However, uncontrolled or excessive GR signaling adversely affects adipose tissue, including endocrine, immune, and metabolic functions. Inflammation of the adipose tissue promotes systemic metabolic dysfunction; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of adipocyte GR in regulating genes associated with adipose tissue inflammation are poorly understood. We performed in vivo studies using adipocyte-specific GR knockout mice in conjunction with in vitro studies to understand the contribution of adipocyte GR in regulating adipose tissue immune homeostasis. Our findings show that adipocyte-specific GR signaling regulates adipokines at both mRNA and plasma levels and immune regulatory (Coch, Pdcd1, Cemip, and Cxcr2) mRNA gene expression, which affects myeloid immune cell presence in white adipose tissue. We found that, in adipocytes, GR directly influences Cxcr2. This chemokine receptor promotes immune cell migration, indirectly affecting Pdcd1 and Cemip gene expression in nonadipocyte or stromal cells. Our findings suggest that GR adipocyte signaling suppresses inflammatory signals, maintaining immune homeostasis. We also found that GR signaling in adipose tissue in response to stress is sexually dimorphic. Understanding the molecular relationship between GR signaling and adipose tissue inflammation could help develop potential targets to improve local and systemic inflammation, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shripa Amatya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center—Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences and Center for Redox Biology and Cardiovascular Disease, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center—Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Dylan Tietje-Mckinney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center—Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Schaefer Mueller
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center—Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Maria G Petrillo
- Department of Health and Human Services, Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Matthew D Woolard
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences and Center for Redox Biology and Cardiovascular Disease, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center—Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center—Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Sushma Bharrhan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center—Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Anthony Wayne Orr
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences and Center for Redox Biology and Cardiovascular Disease, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center—Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center—Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Christopher G Kevil
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences and Center for Redox Biology and Cardiovascular Disease, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center—Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center—Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - John A Cidlowski
- Department of Health and Human Services, Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Diana Cruz-Topete
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center—Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences and Center for Redox Biology and Cardiovascular Disease, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center—Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu Y, Hu G, Li Y, Kong X, Yang K, Li Z, Lao W, Li J, Zhong J, Zhang S, Leng Y, Bi C, Zhai A. Research on the biological mechanism and potential application of CEMIP. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1222425. [PMID: 37662915 PMCID: PMC10471826 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1222425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration-inducing protein (CEMIP), also known as KIAA1199 and hyaluronan-binding protein involved in hyaluronan depolymerization, is a new member of the hyaluronidase family that degrades hyaluronic acid (HA) and remodels the extracellular matrix. In recent years, some studies have reported that CEMIP can promote the proliferation, invasion, and adhesion of various tumor cells and can play an important role in bacterial infection and arthritis. This review focuses on the pathological mechanism of CEMIP in a variety of diseases and expounds the function of CEMIP from the aspects of inhibiting cell apoptosis, promoting HA degradation, inducing inflammatory responses and related phosphorylation, adjusting cellular microenvironment, and regulating tissue fibrosis. The diagnosis and treatment strategies targeting CEMIP are also summarized. The various functions of CEMIP show its great potential application value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gang Hu
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuetong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinyi Kong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kaming Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhenlin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wanwen Lao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianhua Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shitong Zhang
- Department of General Practice, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuxin Leng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Changlong Bi
- Department of Endocrinology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Aixia Zhai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Spataro S, Guerra C, Cavalli A, Sgrignani J, Sleeman J, Poulain L, Boland A, Scapozza L, Moll S, Prunotto M. CEMIP (HYBID, KIAA1199): structure, function and expression in health and disease. FEBS J 2023; 290:3946-3962. [PMID: 35997767 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
CEMIP (cell migration-inducing protein), also known as KIAA1199 or HYBID, is a protein involved in the depolymerisation of hyaluronic acid (HA), a major glycosaminoglycan component of the extracellular matrix. CEMIP was originally described in patients affected by nonsyndromic hearing loss and has subsequently been shown to play a key role in tumour initiation and progression, as well as arthritis, atherosclerosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Despite the vast literature associating CEMIP with these diseases, its biology remains elusive. The present review article summarises all the major scientific evidence regarding its structure, function, role and expression, and attempts to cast light on a protein that modulates EMT, fibrosis and tissue inflammation, an unmet key aspect in several inflammatory disease conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Spataro
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Concetta Guerra
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jacopo Sgrignani
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Sleeman
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute for Biological and Chemical Systems - Biological Information Processing (IBCS - BIP), Karlsruhe Institute for Technology (KIT), Germany
| | - Lina Poulain
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Boland
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Leonardo Scapozza
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Solange Moll
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marco Prunotto
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Thankam FG, La V, Agrawal DK. Single-cell genomics illustrates heterogeneous phenotypes of myocardial fibroblasts under ischemic insults. Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 101:12-51. [PMID: 36458696 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2022-0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial regenerative strategies are promising where the choice of ideal cell population is crucial for successful translational applications. Herein, we explored the regenerative/repair responses of infarct zone cardiac fibroblast(s) (CF) by unveiling their phenotype heterogeneity at single-cell resolution. CF were isolated from the infarct zone of Yucatan miniswine that suffered myocardial infarction, cultured under simulated ischemic and reperfusion, and grouped into control, ischemia, and ischemia/reperfusion. The single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed 19 unique cell clusters suggesting distinct subpopulations. The status of gene expression (log2 fold change (log2 FC) > 2 and log2 FC < -2) was used to define the characteristics of each cluster unveiling with diverse features, including the pro-survival/cardioprotective (Clusters 1, 3, 5, 9, and 18), vasculoprotective (Clusters 2 and 5), anti-inflammatory (Clusters 4 and 17), proliferative (Clusters 4 and 5), nonproliferative (Clusters 6, 8, 11, 16, 17, and 18), proinflammatory (Cluster 6), profibrotic/pathologic (Clusters 8 and 19), antihypertrophic (Clusters 8 and 10), extracellular matrix restorative (Clusters 9 and 12), angiogenic (Cluster 16), and normal (Clusters 7 and 15) phenotypes. Further understanding of these unique phenotypes of CF will provide significant translational opportunities for myocardial regeneration and cardiac management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Finosh G Thankam
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Vy La
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Domanegg K, Sleeman JP, Schmaus A. CEMIP, a Promising Biomarker That Promotes the Progression and Metastasis of Colorectal and Other Types of Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205093. [PMID: 36291875 PMCID: PMC9600181 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary CEMIP (cell migration-inducing and hyaluronan-binding protein) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including colorectal and other forms of cancer. The molecular functions of CEMIP are currently under investigation and include the degradation of the extracellular matrix component hyaluronic acid (HA), as well as the regulation of a number of signaling pathways. In this review, we survey our current understanding of how CEMIP contributes to tumor growth and metastasis, focusing particularly on colorectal cancer, for which it serves as a promising biomarker. Abstract Originally discovered as a hypothetical protein with unknown function, CEMIP (cell migration-inducing and hyaluronan-binding protein) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including deafness, arthritis, atherosclerosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and cancer. Although a comprehensive definition of its molecular functions is still in progress, major functions ascribed to CEMIP include the depolymerization of the extracellular matrix component hyaluronic acid (HA) and the regulation of a number of signaling pathways. CEMIP is a promising biomarker for colorectal cancer. Its expression is associated with poor prognosis for patients suffering from colorectal and other types of cancer and functionally contributes to tumor progression and metastasis. Here, we review our current understanding of how CEMIP is able to foster the process of tumor growth and metastasis, focusing particularly on colorectal cancer. Studies in cancer cells suggest that CEMIP exerts its pro-tumorigenic and pro-metastatic activities through stimulating migration and invasion, suppressing cell death and promoting survival, degrading HA, regulating pro-metastatic signaling pathways, inducing the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) program, and contributing to the metabolic reprogramming and pre-metastatic conditioning of future metastatic microenvironments. There is also increasing evidence indicating that CEMIP may be expressed in cells within the tumor microenvironment that promote tumorigenesis and metastasis formation, although this remains in an early stage of investigation. CEMIP expression and activity can be therapeutically targeted at a number of levels, and preliminary findings in animal models show encouraging results in terms of reduced tumor growth and metastasis, as well as combating therapy resistance. Taken together, CEMIP represents an exciting new player in the progression of colorectal and other types of cancer that holds promise as a therapeutic target and biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Domanegg
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jonathan P. Sleeman
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Campus Nord, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Anja Schmaus
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Campus Nord, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|