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Jia Y, Zhou Z, Xiang F, Hu W, Cao X. Global prevalence of depression in menopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2024; 358:474-482. [PMID: 38735578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An association between the menopause and depression is widely reported. This review aims to determine the global prevalence of depression in menopausal women (this includes women in perimenopause and postmenopause). METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and PsycINFO databases were systematically searched from database inception until March 1, 2024. Studies with validated methods for assessing the prevalence of depression in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women were included. Two authors independently extracted relevant data. Random effects meta-analysis and Meta-regression analysis were performed using Stata software. RESULTS Total of 55 studies (76,817 participants) were included in the review. A random effects model was used to calculate pooled prevalence. The pooled depression prevalence in menopausal women was 35.6 % (95 % CI: 32.0-39.2 %), with 33.9 % (95 % CI: 27.8-40.0 %) in perimenopausal women, and 34.9 % (95 % CI: 30.7-39.1 %) in postmenopausal women. Subgroup analyses indicated that region, screening tool, study design, and setting moderated the prevalence of depression. Meta-regression indicated that smaller sample sizes and poorer study quality were significantly associated with a higher prevalence. LIMITATIONS There was a high degree of heterogeneity across the included studies. Only articles published in English were included. There was significant publication bias in this meta-analysis. There is insufficient information about many risk factors of menopausal depression in current meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS Depression is common among menopausal women worldwide. To reduce the negative impact of depression on health outcomes in menopausal women, regular screening and the availability of effective prevention and treatment measures should be made available for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jia
- School of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Zitong Zhou
- School of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng Xiang
- School of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanqin Hu
- School of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuehua Cao
- Department of Gynecology Nursing, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China.
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Basu S, Maheshwari V, Sodhi B, Mannan P, Kukreti P. The prevalence of depression, determinants, and linkage with functional disability amongst postmenopausal women in India: Evidence from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 96:104030. [PMID: 38598934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study objective was estimating the prevalence and determinants of depression amongst postmenopausal women in India. Additionally, we used panel mediation analysis to model the extent to which multimorbidity was associated with depression after adjusting for the effects of functional disability in the participants. METHODS Data from 28,160 women aged 50 and above from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) Wave 1 were analyzed. Depression was assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short Form (CIDI-SF), with multimorbidity and functional disability (ADL and IADL) considered as key predictor variables. Logistic regression and Karlson-Holm-Breen (KHB) mediation analysis were employed. RESULTS The weighted prevalence of depression among women aged ≥ 50 years was 21.76% (95% CI: 20.81, 22.73), significantly higher women aged < 50 years (17.60%, 95% CI: 16.33, 18.94). Factors independently associated with increased odds of depression included being unmarried, rural residence, and multimorbidity, while higher educational status was associated with lower odds of depression. The relationship between multimorbidity and depression was partially mediated by ADL and IADL disabilities. Notable regional (state) variations in the magnitude of depression were observed. CONCLUSIONS Nearly one in five postmenopausal women in India aged 50 years and older have clinical depression. Community screening for reaching the unreached with primary care mental health strengthening need enhanced policy focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Basu
- Indian Institute of Public Health - Delhi, Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI), India
| | - Vansh Maheshwari
- Indian Institute of Public Health - Delhi, Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI), India
| | - Baani Sodhi
- Indian Institute of Public Health - Delhi, Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI), India
| | - Pallak Mannan
- Indian Institute of Public Health - Delhi, Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI), India
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Hou SY, Chiu CJ, Shea JL, Wang CL, Tang HH, Kuo PC, Yang YC, Hsu HP. Sleep and rest-activity rhythms for women at different menopausal statuses: the role of mental health. Menopause 2024; 31:138-144. [PMID: 38113433 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine how mental health interplays with menopausal status in relation to sleep patterns and rest-activity rhythms (RARs) among middle-aged women. METHODS This cross-sectional study recruited 87 women aged 45 to 60 years from community and a gynecology clinic in Taiwan. Participants wore actigraphy devices for 7 days and were also assessed with self-reported questionnaires. Hierarchical regression was used to examine the effects of menopausal status and mental health on sleep and RARs. RESULTS Perimenopausal and postmenopausal women had higher relative amplitude and interdaily stability of RARs than premenopausal women. There were no differences in actigraphy-based sleep parameters across menopausal statuses. There was no difference in depressive symptoms or loneliness across menopausal statuses. Higher levels of depressive symptoms were significantly associated with longer sleep latency ( β = 0.26, P = 0.022) and wake after sleep onset ( β = 0.28, P = 0.012), and lower sleep efficiency ( β = -0.30, P = 0.008) after adjusting for menopausal status and age. In addition, there was marginal significance of the positive association between loneliness and interdaily stability ( β = 0.18, P = 0.079). A moderating effect ( βmenopausal status*loneliness = -0.40, P = 0.025) showed that lonelier premenopausal women exhibited greater relative amplitude (RA) of rest-activity rhythms, but lonelier menopausal women had lower RA of RAR. CONCLUSION Mental health plays an important role for middle-aged women with different menopausal statuses in relation to sleep patterns and RARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Yu Hou
- From the Institute of Gerontology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ju Chiu
- From the Institute of Gerontology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Chih-Liang Wang
- From the Institute of Gerontology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Han Tang
- From the Institute of Gerontology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ching Kuo
- From the Institute of Gerontology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chieh Yang
- Yang's Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ping Hsu
- Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Kalra S, Aggarwal G, Pawaria S, Yadav S, Ajmera P. Psychological health of postmenopausal women: a bibliometric analysis in the recent decade. Climacteric 2023; 26:428-436. [PMID: 37105217 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2023.2194525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyze the publication trends on the psychological health of postmenopausal women by performing a bibliometric and visualization analysis that can be used as a foundation for understanding current and future research plans. Publications were retrieved from Dimensions database from 2012 to June 2022. VOSviewer software was used for data mining and visualization. A total of 1718 papers were selected by keyword search and delimiting criteria. To evaluate the productive nations, authors, journals, articles and frequent joint citations, citation analysis, author keyword co-occurrence analysis, co-authorship analysis and co-citation analysis were performed. Results depict that the USA contributed the most papers (n = 457). Maximum articles (n = 192) were published in 2021. The highest number of articles are published in Menopause: The Journal of the North American Menopause Society and Climacteric: The Journal of the International Menopause Society. Out of the top 10 contributing organizations in the field, six organizations were from the USA. R. Nappi of Italy is the most productive author with 20 articles and 1138 citations. From the point of average citations per article, H. Joffe has the highest score (71.5). The data reported in this analysis contribute to discussions about the development, growth and current state of psychological health of postmenopausal women as well as its impact. These findings offer helpful guidance for researchers in choosing their potential fields of study and integrating different approaches to solve complicated issues, finding potential co-authors and choosing the right institutions for supporting academic studies or collaborative research.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kalra
- School of Physiotherapy, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, India
| | - G Aggarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, India
| | - S Pawaria
- Faculty of Physiotherapy, SGT University Gurugram, New Delhi, India
| | - S Yadav
- Department of Hospital Administration, School of Allied Health Sciences & Management, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, India
| | - P Ajmera
- Department of Public Health, School of Allied Health Sciences & Management, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, India
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Eo YS. The prevalence of depression and its association with sociodemographic factors in menopausal women in South Korea. J Women Aging 2023; 35:417-427. [PMID: 35895808 DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2022.2104570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examined factors that may be associated with depression among middle-aged women in South Korea using data from the 2018 (7th) wave of the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families. A sample of 6,399 women aged 35-64 years was included. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with depressive symptoms, as measured by the CES-D-10 scale (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression), in pre- and post-menopausal women. Results indicated that being single, having poorer self-rated health, and having a lower economic background were associated with an increased risk of depression in both groups. Being unemployed also increased the risk of depressed mood in pre-menopausal women, while factors significantly associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms in post-menopausal women included having a lower level of education, musculoskeletal pain, and having pain or discomfort. Thus, these factors should be considered when developing interventions to improve the mood and quality of life of middle-aged women. Interventions in the local community may include health services (hormone therapy), educational learning programs, counselling, and improved access to leisure activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Sook Eo
- Department of Nursing, Dongguk University, Gyeongju-si, South Korea
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Zheng L, Sun Z, Liu C, Zhang J, Jin Y, Jin H. Acupuncture-adjuvant therapies for treating perimenopausal depression: A network meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34694. [PMID: 37603500 PMCID: PMC10443772 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The issues related to the treatment of perimenopausal depression (PMD) are the side effects of antidepressants and hormone replacement therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency and safety of acupuncture and moxibustion in PMD patients. METHODS Databases, namely PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, CNKI, CBM, VIP, and WanFang, were reviewed for related randomized controlled trials dated between database inception and November 22, 2022. The primary outcomes were the efficacy rate and the Hamilton Depression Scale score. The secondary outcomes were the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and estradiol and the Kupperman score. Odds ratios (ORs) were generated as the effect size for dichotomous outcomes, while the standard mean difference (SMD) ± standard deviation was used for continuous outcomes. Matrices were developed to demonstrate pairwise comparisons of regimens related to each endpoint. Utilizing Review Manager (RevMan) 5.3, Stata 16.0 and SPSS 21, data were analyzed. RESULTS In total, 27 studies involving 2269 PMD patients and 8 therapeutic measures were incorporated into the network meta-analysis (NMA). The NMA showed that warm acupuncture (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.00-2.44), electroacupuncture (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.00-1.8), abdominal acupuncture (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 0.73-1.96), and common acupuncture (OR = 1.4, 95% CI: 0.9-2.17) were more effective than fluoxetine + menopausal hormone treatment in the treatment of PMD. The NMA also showed that, based on the Hamilton Depression Scale score, warm acupuncture was more effective than the other 4 acupuncture-related treatments, i.e., electroacupuncture (SMD = -1.22, 95% CI: -2.34 to -0.09), thread embedding (SMD = -1.31, 95% CI: -2.21 to -0.40), abdominal acupuncture (SMD = -1.33, 95% CI: -2.42 to -0.24), and common acupuncture (SMD = -1.46, 95% CI: -2.26 to -0.66). The cumulative ranking probability (SUCRA) showed that warm acupuncture (99.6%) was the best treatment method. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this network meta-analysis may help patients and therapists choose the best acupuncture therapy for treating perimenopausal depression patients and furnish reliable evidence for guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Zheng
- Zhejiang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhanling Sun
- Zhejiang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenghao Liu
- Zhejiang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Zhang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yabei Jin
- Zhejiang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huifang Jin
- Zhejiang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Prevalence and risk factors for depressive and anxiety symptoms in middle-aged Chinese women: a community-based cross-sectional study. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:319. [PMID: 35906641 PMCID: PMC9338469 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01908-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depression and anxiety have become main public health concerns globally. However, risk factors for depression and anxiety remain unclear. This study was to examine the prevalence and risk factors of depressive and anxiety symptoms in middle-aged Chinese women. Methods This cross-sectional study, conducted in 2018, included 7,727 women aged 40–60 years from the eastern, central and western regions of China. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were determined by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Generalized Anxiety Disorders-7, respectively. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for depressive and anxiety symptoms in relation to sociodemographic, lifestyle and menopausal factors. Results Among all participants, 19.5% (1 422/7 275) and 14.2% (1 035/7 275) of participants experienced depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively. The multivariable logistic regression models showed that age, household income, regular physical activity, chronic diseases, menopausal status, vasomotor symptoms, somatic symptoms and urogenital symptoms were associated with depressive symptoms, while place of residence, regular physical activity, chronic diseases, vasomotor, somatic and urogenital symptoms were associated with anxiety symptoms. Conclusion Depressive and anxiety symptoms were common among middle-aged Chinese women, and certain sociodemographic, lifestyle and menopausal symptoms have an important impact on the risk of depressive and anxiety symptoms.
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Li L, Chen Q, Zhang N, Yao X, Wang C. Use of antidepressants following hysterectomy with or without oophorectomy: A national sample in the US. Maturitas 2022; 167:32-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Metabolic Syndrome, BMI, and Polymorphism of Estrogen Receptor-α in Peri- and Post-Menopausal Polish Women. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080673. [PMID: 35893240 PMCID: PMC9330421 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the association between the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) polymorphism and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and obesity, as well as the coexistence of MetS and obesity, in peri- and post-menopausal Polish women. The study group consisted of 202 peri-menopausal and 202 post-menopausal women. ERα polymorphism: Xba I and Pvu II, MetS, BMI, and serum estrogen concentration were analyzed. MetS was found in 29% of the peri-menopausal women and in 21% of the post-menopausal women. BMI did not significantly differ between the peri- and post-menopausal women (≈42% were normal weight, ≈40% were overweight, and ≈18% were obese), (p = 0.82). Serum estrogen concentration in the peri-menopausal women was 91 ± 75 pg/mL, while that in the post-menopausal women was 17 ± 9. pg/mL, on average. Peri-menopausal women with AA and TT genotypes of the ERα polymorphism have a lower risk of obesity and MetS and the co-existence of obesity and MetS, whereas those women with the G or C allele have a higher risk of those health problems.
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李 佳, 肖 艳, 廖 娟, 杨 春. [Temporal trend and contributing factors of depressive symptoms in Chinese menopausal women: analysis based on CHARLS panel data]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:1038-1043. [PMID: 35869767 PMCID: PMC9308859 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.07.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the temporal trend of and the factors affecting depressive symptoms in Chinese menopausal women to provide evidence for the development of prevention and treatment strategies. METHODS CHARLS data were used to select menopausal women aged 45-60 years. Complete values of the key variables were screened and missing values were removed to obtain the cross-sectional data of the years 2011 (n=4318), 2013 (n=4200), 2015 (n=3930), and 2018 (n= 4147). The panel data were matched by the cross-sectional data, and a total of 5040 cases with complete record of the follow-up data were obtained for the 4 years to constitute a balanced short panel dataset with n=1260 and T=4. The prevalence and temporal trend of depressive symptoms in the menopausal women were analyzed based on the panel data. The random-effects Logit model with a panel dichotomous choice model was used to explore the factors affecting depressive symptoms in the menopausal women. RESULTS The prevalence of depressive symptoms in the menopausal women calculated based on the panel data was 35.9%, 33.1%, 36.7% and 43.7% in the 4 years, respectively, showing no statistically significant changes in the temporal trend (APC=3.25%, P=0.183). The results of the random-effects Logit model analysis showed that living in the urban area (OR=0.570, 95%CI: 0.457-0.710), a high education level (OR=0.759, 95%CI: 0.655-0.879), and having a spouse (OR=0.363, 95% CI: 0.236-0.558) were associated with a decreased incidence of depressive symptoms, while poor self-reported health (OR= 2.704, 95% CI: 2.152-3.396), disability (OR=1.457, 95%CI: 1.087-1.954), chronic disease (OR=1.407, 95% CI: 1.179-1.680), falls in the last two years (OR=2.028, 95% CI: 1.613-2.550), abnormal sleep duration (OR=2.249, 95% CI: 1.896-2.664), and dissatisfaction with life (OR=4.803, 95% CI: 3.757-6.140) were associated with an increased incidence of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION The prevalence of depressive symptoms is relatively high in menopausal women in China. Measures should be taken to ensure that the menopausal women living in rural areas, with low education level, without spouse, with a poor self-reported health status, disability, chronic diseases, falls in recent two years, abnormal sleep time and dissatisfaction with life have access to psychological health care services and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- 佳欣 李
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院//华西第四医院流行病与卫生统计学系,四川 成都 610041Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- 华西-协和陈志潜卫生健康研究院慢性病研究中心,四川 成都 610041Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 艳 肖
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院//华西第四医院流行病与卫生统计学系,四川 成都 610041Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- 华西-协和陈志潜卫生健康研究院慢性病研究中心,四川 成都 610041Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 娟 廖
- 华西-协和陈志潜卫生健康研究院慢性病研究中心,四川 成都 610041Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 春霞 杨
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院//华西第四医院流行病与卫生统计学系,四川 成都 610041Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- 华西-协和陈志潜卫生健康研究院慢性病研究中心,四川 成都 610041Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the frequency of depression in postmenopausal women, examine some variables that are thought to be related, and evaluate the relationships between postmenopausal depression, anxiety, and fear of death. METHODS The study is a cross-sectional study conducted among postmenopausal women who applied to an Obstetrics and Gynecology Polyclinic in Sakarya, Turkey, between March and September 2018. The study group consisted of 485 postmenopausal women. For statistical analysis, the chi-square test, logistic regression analysis, Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman correlation analysis were used. Values of P ≤ 0.05 were accepted as statistically significant. RESULTS The ages of the participants ranged between 35 and 78 years, and the average was 56.33 ± 7.34 years. Being a widow or separated from one's partner (odds ratio [OR]: 3.478), alcohol consumption (OR: 11.772), any history of illness that required continuous medication (OR: 3.579), presence of any physical disability (OR: 2.242), history of any mental disorder with a physician's diagnosis (OR: 4.213), and number of living children 4 or more (OR: 4.174) were found to be important risk factors for postmenopausal depression. A moderate positive correlation was found between the depression scale and the scores obtained from the anxiety scale (r = 0.467; P = 0.001). No difference was found between participants with and without depression in terms of fear of death. CONCLUSION Depression among postmenopausal women is an important health problem that needs to be studied further. No relation was found between depression and fear of death. These results will be beneficial for raising awareness about depression among postmenopausal women and conducting screening for early diagnosis.
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Depressive Symptoms and Healthy Behavior Frequency in Polish Postmenopausal Women from Urban and Rural Areas. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18062967. [PMID: 33799359 PMCID: PMC8001997 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18062967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether the severity of depressive symptoms was linked to healthy behaviors in Polish postmenopausal women and whether the strength of the link differed between women living in urban versus rural settings. The study was conducted in 2018 in the Lublin region of Poland and included 396 postmenopausal women (239 living in rural areas and 157 in urban areas). The severity of depressive symptoms was evaluated by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the frequency of healthy behaviors was assessed using the Inventory of Healthy Behaviors. Postmenopausal women living in rural areas underwent menopause significantly earlier, were more often widowed, more often obese, more often less educated, and less likely to have never married when compared to those living in urban areas. Importantly, rural postmenopausal women endorsed more depressive symptoms (p = 0.049). There was a negative correlation between the severity of depressive symptoms and age in urban postmenopausal women (r = −0.174, p = 0.029), but this was not evident in rural women (r = −0.034, p = 0.600). The frequency of healthy behaviors was significantly lower in rural postmenopausal women, especially with respect to nutritional habits. A positive correlation was found between the frequency of healthy behaviors and the level of education in both sets of women (p = 0.034 and p = 0.045, respectively). To summarize, we found a significant link between healthy behaviors and depressive symptoms in postmenopausal women. We also found that this link was more evident in rural than in urban women.
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Mathew DJ, Kumar S, Jain PK, Srivastava DK, Singh V, Krishnappa K. Morbidity Patterns among Menopausal Women in Rural Uttar Pradesh, India: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Menopausal Med 2021; 27:24-31. [PMID: 33942586 PMCID: PMC8102814 DOI: 10.6118/jmm.19022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The quality of life declines gradually as women enter menopause, owing to the various problems associated with estrogen deficiency and aging, which adds to their morbidities. This study aimed to investigate the patterns of morbidity among rural menopausal women and compare the morbidity patterns among menopausal transition group and post-menopausal women. Methods This community-based cross-sectional study included menopausal women aged 45–55 years from rural areas of the Etawah district, Uttar Pradesh, India. To select blocks and villages of the district, multistage random sampling was performed. According to a pretested, semistructured schedule, data were collected through interviews. Results A total of 315 women participated in the study. The most frequent complaints among the participants were of feeling tired and worn out (85.1%) and of muscle and joint pains (67.6%). Poor memory (P = 0.046) and diabetes (P = 0.024) were more common in women who were in the menopause transition phase than in those who were in the postmenopausal phase. Conclusions This study showed that majority of the menopausal women suffered from physical problems. Lifestyle modification and awareness programs will be beneficial among women in menopausal transition, to reduce the morbidity later in post-menopausal stage. Behaviour change communication, family and community support are essential in post-menopausal women, to help them cope with various morbid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora J Mathew
- Department of Community Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, India
| | - Sandip Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, India.
| | - Pankaj Kumar Jain
- Department of Community Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, India
| | - Dhiraj Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Community Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, India
| | - Vaibhav Singh
- Department of Community Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, India
| | - Kiran Krishnappa
- National Tuberculosis Prevalence Survey, ICMR-NIRTH (Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health), Jabalpur, India
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Willi J, Ehlert U. Symptoms assessed in studies on perimenopausal depression: A narrative review. SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTHCARE 2020; 26:100559. [PMID: 33010665 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2020.100559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The menopausal transition constitutes a phase of major biopsychosocial changes associated with an elevated risk for the development of depression. Perimenopausal depression is highly prevalent and usually characterized by core symptoms of a major depressive disorder combined with menopausal complaints such as vasomotor symptoms or other physical complaints. However, a distinct definition of the condition is lacking. The aim of this review is to portray the symptoms assessed in studies on perimenopausal depression in order to provide relevant information on the current understanding of this condition. A literature search was conducted using the databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO. A total of 37 studies were included. Various assessment tools have been used to measure symptoms related to perimenopausal depression. Fifteen symptoms were identified. Depressed mood was assessed across all studies. Low energy or sleep disturbances, as acknowledged symptoms of a major depressive disorder, were surveyed in most studies. However, the assessment of menopausal complaints was rather heterogeneous. While vasomotor symptoms were often measured, other menopausal symptoms such as mood swings or pain were investigated less frequently. Sexual problems were only rarely assessed. Studies on perimenopausal depression regularly include the assessment of core symptoms of a major depressive disorder, but the assessment of menopausal complaints is inconsistent. While certain symptoms are commonly measured, others are not assessed. Such inconsistencies underline an ambiguous understanding of perimenopausal depression, which in turn affects the evaluation and treatment of the condition. Thus, the use of the existing guidelines on perimenopausal depression is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Willi
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; University Research Priority Program Dynamics of Healthy Aging Research Priority Program, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Ehlert
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; University Research Priority Program Dynamics of Healthy Aging Research Priority Program, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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15
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Fu JX, Luo Y, Chen MZ, Zhou YH, Meng YT, Wang T, Qin S, Xu C. Associations among menopausal status, menopausal symptoms, and depressive symptoms in midlife women in Hunan Province, China. Climacteric 2020; 23:259-266. [DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2019.1703936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.-X. Fu
- Xiangya Nursing School of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Y. Luo
- Xiangya Nursing School of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - M.-Z. Chen
- Xiangya Nursing School of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Y.-H. Zhou
- Xiangya Nursing School of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Y.-T. Meng
- Xiangya Nursing School of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - T. Wang
- Xiangya Nursing School of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - S. Qin
- Xiangya Nursing School of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - C. Xu
- Xiangya Nursing School of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Namazi M, Sadeghi R, Behboodi Moghadam Z. Social Determinants of Health in Menopause: An Integrative Review. Int J Womens Health 2019; 11:637-647. [PMID: 31849539 PMCID: PMC6910086 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s228594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Menopause is one of the most important reproductive health issues of women. Because of rising life expectancy, by the year 2030, the global population of menopausal women is expected to include 1.2 billion people. The purpose of the present study is to provide a comprehensive assessment of existing studies on the relationship between social determinants of health and menopause to attract the attention of researchers and health providers to this critical issue. In present integrative review, articles for menopause published from Jan 1990 to Jan 2019 in databases including MEDLINE, ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, Google Scholar, IranDoc, IranMedex, MagIran and SID in English and Persian languages were extracted. After the assessment of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 40 articles were selected and reviewed. Some social determinants of health are related to the health of women in menopause. Cultural factors, lifestyles (nutrition, exercise, tobacco use, etc.), family support, educational level, employment, economic status, marital status, and the number of pregnancies and childbirth are among the social determinants of health that present research assessed them. The need for education, improving emotional and social support, planning for lifestyle enhancement, and improving socio-economic status is felt, which results in promoting women’s health during menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Namazi
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Tehranct University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Sadeghi
- Department of Demography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Assessment of perimenopausal depression: A review. J Affect Disord 2019; 249:216-222. [PMID: 30776662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Within the female life cycle, the perimenopause is considered as a critical period for the development of depression. Prevalence rates are particularly high during this phase. Perimenopausal depression is characterized by affective symptoms as well as menopause-specific somatic complaints. Currently, a variety of questionnaires are used to assess mood during the perimenopause. The aim of this review is to determine the instruments employed to assess perimenopausal depression. METHODS We searched the databases PubMed, Cochrane Library and PsycINFO for human studies investigating perimenopausal depression, and subsequently screened for the assessment instruments used to measure mood and menopause. A total of 37 articles were included. RESULTS Altogether, 14 different instruments were applied to assess mood during menopause. The CES-D was by far the most frequently used depression scale, appearing in 16 out of the 37 studies. The methods used to identify perimenopausal status and symptoms were inconsistent. LIMITATIONS Due to lacking information about data and methodology, a selection bias is conceivable. Additionally, a publication bias is possible. Finally, there is inevitable subjectivity in the screening process of a systematic search. CONCLUSIONS The assessment of depression in the menopausal transition is highly heterogeneous, reducing the overall comparability of study results. Furthermore, menopausal complaints are not sufficiently taken into account. Accordingly, the use of a menopause-specific depression scale is highly recommended in order to account for physical and mood-related symptoms in the menopausal transition.
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Bromberger JT, Epperson CN. Depression During and After the Perimenopause: Impact of Hormones, Genetics, and Environmental Determinants of Disease. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2018; 45:663-678. [PMID: 30401549 PMCID: PMC6226029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ogc.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vulnerability to depression is increased across the menopause transition and in the early years after the final menstrual period. Clinicians should systematically screen women in this age group; if depressive symptoms or disorder are present, treatment of depression should be initiated. Potential treatments include antidepressants for moderate to severe symptoms, psychotherapy to target psychological and interpersonal factors, and hormone therapy for women with first-onset major depressive disorder or elevated depressive symptoms and at low risk for adverse effects. Behavioral interventions can improve physical activity and sleep patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce T Bromberger
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Cynthia Neill Epperson
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Penn PROMOTES Research on Sex and Gender in Health, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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19
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Association between appendicular skeletal muscle mass and depressive symptoms: Review of the cardiovascular and metabolic diseases etiology research center cohort. J Affect Disord 2018; 238:8-15. [PMID: 29852344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of skeletal muscle mass on depressive symptoms remain poorly understood, especially in the middle-aged population. We examined the relationship between skeletal muscle mass and depressive symptoms according to sex and menopausal status in the middle-aged Korean population. METHODS Herein, 1,151 men and 2,176 women aged 30-64 years completed questionnaires and underwent health examinations in the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Etiology Research Center study. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) was measured via bioelectrical impedance analysis and adjusted for height squared (ASM/Ht2). Both continuous values and tertile groups of ASM/Ht2 were used for analysis. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depressive Inventory-II (BDI), and the prevalence of depressive symptoms was determined as a BDI score ≥ 20. RESULTS Multiple logistic regression analysis using a fully adjusted model showed that depressive symptoms were more frequently observed among men in the lower ASM/Ht2 tertile and middle ASM/Ht2 tertile than among those in the higher ASM/Ht2 tertile. Each 1-kg/m2 decrease in ASM/Ht2 was significantly associated with the presence of depressive symptoms in men. Such significant association was not observed among premenopausal and postmenopausal women. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional nature of the study design, measurement of skeletal muscle mass and depressive symptoms only once, estimation of skeletal muscle mass using bioelectrical impedance analysis, assessing depressive symptoms by self-reported questionnaire, and potential unknown confounding variables constitute the limitations of our study. CONCLUSIONS The independent association between low skeletal muscle mass and depressive symptoms was observed in men but not in women.
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Bio Psychosocial Risk Factors of Depression in the Menopausal Transition: A Narrative Review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/ijpbs.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Grochans E, Szkup M, Kotwas A, Kopeć J, Karakiewicz B, Jurczak A. Analysis of Sociodemographic, Psychological, and Genetic Factors Contributing to Depressive symptoms in Pre-, Peri- and Postmenopausal Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15040712. [PMID: 29642625 PMCID: PMC5923754 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15040712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Depressive symptoms that are faced by women in the pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal periods are determined by a wide array of sociodemographic, psychological, and biological variables. The aim of our study was to identify factors that contribute to depressive problems at this stage of life. The study included 815 healthy Polish women aged 45–60 years. The survey part was conducted using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Neuroticism–Extroversion–Openness Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), and a self-developed questionnaire. Genetic analysis was also performed. Depressive symptoms were observed in 25.5% of participants. 70% of the women were postmenopausal. No statistically significant differences in the severity of depressive symptoms were demonstrated with regard to genetic variables (p > 0.05). Reproductive capacity (p < 0.001), employment (p < 0.001), and being married (p < 0.018) were found to reduce the incidence of depressive symptoms. The contribution of personality and anxiety as a trait to depressive symptoms varied. Conclusions: The factors predisposing pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal women to depressive symptoms include lower education, lack of a life partner, unemployment, high anxiety, and neurotic personality. No evidence was found for the contribution of genetic factors to depressive symptoms in the examined women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Grochans
- Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Szkup
- Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Artur Kotwas
- Department of Public Health, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Jacek Kopeć
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Beata Karakiewicz
- Department of Public Health, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Anna Jurczak
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
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Tsai KW, Lin SC, Koo M. Correlates of depressive symptoms in late middle-aged Taiwanese women: findings from the 2009 Taiwan National Health Interview Survey. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2017; 17:103. [PMID: 29121892 PMCID: PMC5679489 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-017-0461-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown that depressive symptoms in middle-aged women were associated with a number of factors such as climacteric symptoms. Nevertheless, studies based on population-based data with a wide range of potential correlates are still scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the correlates of depressive symptoms in late middle-aged Taiwanese women using data from a nationally-representative, population-based survey. Methods Women aged 50.0–65.0 years were identified from the dataset of the 2009 Taiwan National Health Interview Survey. The outcome measure was depressive symptoms in the past week, evaluated using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Short Depression Scale (CES-D 10) with a cut-off score of 10 or greater. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the correlates of depressive symptoms. Results The mean age of the 533 respondents was 56.7 years. Depressive symptoms were present in 53 respondents (9.9%). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that an education level of elementary school or below (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.19, P = 0.003), nulliparity (AOR = 8.10, P = 0.001), living alone (AOR = 5.47, P = 0.003), never having worked (AOR = 4.14, P = 0.008), lack of regular exercise (AOR = 3.01, P = 0.003), a perceived health status of fair or bad (AOR = 4.34, P < 0.001), and somatic climacteric symptoms (AOR = 2.32, P = 0.012) were independent and significant factors of depressive symptoms in late middle-aged Taiwanese women. Conclusions Findings from this secondary analysis of a population-based survey suggested independent associations of somatic climacteric symptoms, and a number of socio-demographic and health-related factors with depressive symptoms in late middle-aged Taiwanese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Wei Tsai
- Division of Geriatrics, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Dalin, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chun Lin
- Division of Geriatrics, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Dalin, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Malcolm Koo
- Department of Medical Research, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Dalin, Chiayi, Taiwan. .,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Prevalence, severity, and associated factors of menopausal symptoms in middle-aged Chinese women: a community-based cross-sectional study in southeast China. Menopause 2017; 24:1200-1207. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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24
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Schoenrock SA, Oreper D, Young N, Ervin RB, Bogue MA, Valdar W, Tarantino LM. Ovariectomy results in inbred strain-specific increases in anxiety-like behavior in mice. Physiol Behav 2016; 167:404-412. [PMID: 27693591 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Women are at an increased risk for developing affective disorders during times of hormonal flux, including menopause when the ovaries cease production of estrogen. However, while all women undergo menopause, not all develop an affective disorder. Increased vulnerability can result from genetic predisposition, environmental factors and gene by environment interactions. In order to investigate interactions between genetic background and estrogen depletion, we performed bilateral ovariectomy, a surgical procedure that results in estrogen depletion and is thought to model the post-menopausal state, in a genetically defined panel of 37 inbred mouse strains. Seventeen days post-ovariectomy, we assessed behavior in two standard rodent assays of anxiety- and depressive-like behavior, the open field and forced swim tests. We detected a significant interaction between ovariectomy and genetic background on anxiety-like behavior in the open field. No strain specific effects of ovariectomy were observed in the forced swim assay. However, we did observe significant strain effects for all behaviors in both the open field and forced swim tests. This study is the largest to date to look at the effects of ovariectomy on behavior and provides evidence that ovariectomy interacts with genetic background to alter anxiety-like behavior in an animal model of menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Adams Schoenrock
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Neurobiology Curriculum, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Daniel Oreper
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Curriculum, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Nancy Young
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Robin Betsch Ervin
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Molly A Bogue
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | - William Valdar
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lisa M Tarantino
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
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25
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Li RX, Ma M, Xiao XR, Xu Y, Chen XY, Li B. Perimenopausal syndrome and mood disorders in perimenopause: prevalence, severity, relationships, and risk factors. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4466. [PMID: 27512863 PMCID: PMC4985318 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Limited information was focused on perimenopausal syndrome and mood disorders (depression and anxiety) in a specific population: perimenopausal women. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and severity of perimenopausal syndrome and mood disorders, and to analyze their relationships and risk factors in perimenopausal women in Shanghai, China.A cross-sectional study was performed on 1062 women aged 40 to 60 years from 3 communities. The general conditions questionnaire, Kupperman index, self-rating depression scale, and self-rating anxiety scale were used. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for perimenopausal syndrome and mood disorders.The prevalence of perimenopausal syndrome, depression and anxiety, which were primarily associated with mild symptoms, was 10.92%, 25.99%, and 12.62%, respectively. The differences in the prevalence and severity of perimenopausal syndrome, in the prevalence of depression, and in the severity of anxiety in different age groups were statistically significant (P < 0.001, P = 0.028, P = 0.003, P = 0.002, respectively). The relationships between perimenopausal syndrome and mood disorders were strong and positive (P < 0.001). It was found that age, employment status, personality characteristics, menstruation, and constipation were risk factors for perimenopausal syndrome, but monthly household income was a protective factor. Also, higher income and better medical insurance were beneficial to depression. However, disharmonious family relationships, irregular menstruation, constipation, and severity of perimenopausal syndrome were harmful to depression. For anxiety, attitudes to children status, cesarean section times, and constipation were risk factors.We concluded that perimenopausal syndrome and mood disorders are common in perimenopausal women in Shanghai, whose associations are strong and positive. Many risk factors are associated with and shared between perimenopausal syndrome and mood disorders. Therefore, appropriate management of perimenopause is needed to alleviate the conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-xia Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University
| | - Min Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-rong Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University
| | - Xiu-ying Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
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26
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Bener A, Saleh NM, Bakir A, Bhugra D. Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Symptoms in Menopausal Arab Women: Shedding More Light on a Complex Relationship. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2016; 6:224-231. [PMID: 28480097 PMCID: PMC5405634 DOI: 10.4103/amhsr.amhsr_341_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The association between depression, anxiety, and stress among Arab menopause and postmenopausal women have been explored in detailed. Aim: The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between depression, anxiety, and stress in menopausal and postmenopausal women and shedding more light on a complex relationship. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was used to generate menopause symptoms experienced by Arabian women at the primary health care centers in Qatar. A representative sample of 1468 women aged 45–65 years were approached during July 2012 and May 2014 and 1101 women agreed to participate (75.0%) and responded to the study. Depression, anxiety, and stress were measured using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 21. Data on body mass index (BMI), clinical and other parameters were used. Univariate, multivariate, and matrix correlation analysis were performed for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 1101 women agreed to participate after informed consent was obtained. The mean age and standard deviation (SD) of the menopausal age were 49.55 (3.12), the mean and SD of postmenopausal age was 58.08 (3.26) (P < 0.001). There were statistically significant differences between menopausal stages with regards to age, ethnicity, educational status, occupation status, and place of living. Furthermore, there were statistically significant differences between menopausal stages with regards to BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), Vitamin D deficiency, and diseases. Depression and anxiety were more common among postmenopause women. Furthermore, there were no differences between the groups regarding the frequency of certain levels of stress among menopause and postmenopause. The multivariate regression analyses revealed that age in years, diastolic BP, consanguinity, regular exercise were a predictor for depression. Meanwhile, diastolic BP, occupation, and physical activity considered the main risk factors for anxiety. Furthermore, age in years, occupation, and sheesha smoking habits were considered as the main risk factors associated with stress. Conclusion: A large number of factors were associated with experiencing menopausal and psycho-social problems and which had negative effects on the quality of life among Arabian women. Depression, anxiety, and stress should be considered as important risk factors for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bener
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Evidence for Population Health Unit, School of Epidemiology and Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - N M Saleh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - A Bakir
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Haliç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - D Bhugra
- Department of Psychiatry, Section of Cultural Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
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Freeman EW. Depression in the menopause transition: risks in the changing hormone milieu as observed in the general population. Womens Midlife Health 2015; 1:2. [PMID: 30766689 PMCID: PMC6214217 DOI: 10.1186/s40695-015-0002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence but no definitive answers about the incidence of depressed mood in the menopause transition and its association with the changing hormonal milieu. While a changing hormonal milieu is the natural condition for all women, only a minority of mid-life women experience debilitating depressive symptoms or clinical depression. This review focuses on associations between depressed mood and the menopause transition, primarily as identified in longitudinal, population-based studies in the past decade. Further aims were to present reported associations between depressed mood and reproductive hormones in the menopause transition as evaluated in the general population and associations of depressive symptoms or clinical depression with menopausal hot flashes or poor sleep in perimenopausal women. There is evidence to support the role of the changing endocrine milieu in the development of depressed mood in the menopause transition, but the contribution of hormones as measured is small. Disentangling the numerous factors that are associated with depression in midlife women is a major challenge for research and for clinical care, where treatments are needed to improve the most distressing menopausal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen W. Freeman
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3701 Market Street, Suite 820 (Mudd Suite), Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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Liu P, Yuan Y, Liu M, Wang Y, Li X, Yang M, Xi S, Ding Y, Liu JE, Xu G, Guo X, Ren Z, Bai W, Yao C. Factors associated with menopausal symptoms among middle-aged registered nurses in Beijing. Gynecol Endocrinol 2015; 31:119-24. [PMID: 25310028 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2014.971237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine factors related to menopause symptoms among middle-aged registered nurses in Beijing. METHODS Self-administered questionnaires that included closed-ended questions on many factors possibly related to menopausal symptoms were distributed to 2100 registered nurses aged 40-55 at 20 hospitals in Beijing, China. RESULTS Menopausal status was most associated with menopausal symptoms (p < 0.01), including hot flashes and sweating, paresthesiae, insomnia, arthralgia/myalgia, palpitations, skin formication and an unsatisfactory sexual life. The odds ratios (ORs) were highest for hot flashes and sweating. Upsetting events in the past year and being pessimistic were significantly inversely correlated with almost all the symptoms analyzed. Hot flashes and sweating (p < 0.01), paresthesiae (p < 0.01), unsatisfactory sexual life (p < 0.01), irritability (p < 0.05), depression or suspicion (p < 0.05) and dizziness (p < 0.05) were negatively correlated with the frequency of sexual activity. CONCLUSION Many factors may influence symptoms of the menopause. We found that menopausal status was most strongly associated with most menopausal symptoms, especially hot flashes and sweating. Psychosocial factors also played an important role. A higher frequency of sexual activity negatively correlated with most menopausal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihao Liu
- Peking University First Hospital , Beijing , China
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Sharifi K, Anoosheh M, Foroughan M, Kazemnejad A. Barriers to Middle-Aged Women's Mental Health: A Qualitative Study. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2014; 16:e18882. [PMID: 25068059 PMCID: PMC4102992 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.18882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Middle-aged women encounter some barriers to their mental health, putting them at great risk for developing mental disorders. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore barriers to middle-aged women's mental health. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a qualitative content analysis study conducted in 2013 in Kashan, Iran. A purposive, maximum variation sample of 23 middle-aged women was recruited to the study. Data were collected by conducting semi-structured individual interviews. We employed the conventional qualitative content analysis approach for data analysis. RESULTS Barriers to middle-aged women's mental health fell into two main themes including 'increased life concerns' and 'physical and psychological tensions'. The two sub-categories of the first theme included having mental concerns and increased burden of roles. The second main theme also consisted of two categories including perceived undesirable physical changes and perceived undesirable psychological changes. CONCLUSIONS Experiences of middle-aged women showed that culturally appropriate interventions to alleviate the concerns of life, physical and mental stress is essential to preserve stability of mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Sharifi
- Department of Nursing, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Monireh Anoosheh
- Department of Nursing, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Monireh Anoosheh, Department of Nursing, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-218288359, Fax: +98-2182883856, E-mail:
| | - Mahshid Foroughan
- Department of Gerontology, Aging Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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