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Xu K, Wang X, Hu S, Tang J, Liu S, Chen H, Zhang X, Dai P. LINC00540 promotes sorafenib resistance and functions as a ceRNA for miR-4677-3p to regulate AKR1C2 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27322. [PMID: 38463802 PMCID: PMC10920722 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib resistance is one of the main causes of poor prognosis in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) function as suppressors or oncogenic factors during tumor progression and drug resistance. Here, to identify therapeutic targets for HCC, the biological mechanisms of abnormally expressed lncRNAs were examined in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells. Specifically, we established sorafenib-resistant HCC cell lines (Huh7-S and SMMC7721-S), which displayed an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed to established differential lncRNA expression profiles for sorafenib-resistant cells. Through this analysis, we identified LINC00540 as significantly up-regulated in sorafenib-resistant cells and a candidate lncRNA for further mechanistic investigation. Functionally, LINC00540 knockdown promoted sorafenib sensitivity and suppressed migration, invasion, EMT and the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells, whereas overexpression of LINC00540 resulted in the opposite effects in parental cells. LINC00540 functions as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by competitively binding to miR-4677-3p , thereby promoting AKR1C2 expression. This is the first study that demonstrates a role for LINC00540 in enhancing sorafenib resistance, migration and invasion of HCC cells through the LINC00540/miR-4677-3p/AKR1C2 axis, suggesting that LINC00540 may represent a potential therapeutic target and prognosis biomarker for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Shuwei Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Jiaxuan Tang
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Shihui Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Hui Chen
- The University Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xiaobin Zhang
- The University Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Penggao Dai
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
- Shaanxi Lifegen Co., Ltd, Xi'an, 712000, China
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Li M, Zhang L, Yu J, Wang X, Cheng L, Ma Z, Chen X, Wang L, Goh BC. AKR1C3 in carcinomas: from multifaceted roles to therapeutic strategies. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1378292. [PMID: 38523637 PMCID: PMC10957692 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1378292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member C3 (AKR1C3), also known as type 5 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD5) or prostaglandin F (PGF) synthase, functions as a pivotal enzyme in androgen biosynthesis. It catalyzes the conversion of weak androgens, estrone (a weak estrogen), and PGD2 into potent androgens (testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone), 17β-estradiol (a potent estrogen), and 11β-PGF2α, respectively. Elevated levels of AKR1C3 activate androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway, contributing to tumor recurrence and imparting resistance to cancer therapies. The overexpression of AKR1C3 serves as an oncogenic factor, promoting carcinoma cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, and is correlated with unfavorable prognosis and overall survival in carcinoma patients. Inhibiting AKR1C3 has demonstrated potent efficacy in suppressing tumor progression and overcoming treatment resistance. As a result, the development and design of AKR1C3 inhibitors have garnered increasing interest among researchers, with significant progress witnessed in recent years. Novel AKR1C3 inhibitors, including natural products and analogues of existing drugs designed based on their structures and frameworks, continue to be discovered and developed in laboratories worldwide. The AKR1C3 enzyme has emerged as a key player in carcinoma progression and therapeutic resistance, posing challenges in cancer treatment. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of AKR1C3's role in carcinoma development, its implications in therapeutic resistance, and recent advancements in the development of AKR1C3 inhibitors for tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengnan Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Jingzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jingzhou, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Yu
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Le Cheng
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Zhaowu Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Haematology–Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Department of Haematology–Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Wang YJ, Xie XL, Liu HQ, Tian H, Jiang XY, Zhang JN, Chen SX, Liu T, Wang SL, Zhou X, Jin XX, Liu SM, Jiang HQ. Prostaglandin F 2α synthase promotes oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer through prostaglandin F 2α-dependent and F 2α-independent mechanism. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:5452-5470. [PMID: 37900995 PMCID: PMC10600807 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i39.5452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxaliplatin (Oxa) is the first-line chemotherapy drug for colorectal cancer (CRC), and Oxa resistance is crucial for treatment failure. Prostaglandin F2α synthase (PGF2α) (PGFS), an enzyme that catalyzes the production of PGF2α, is involved in the proliferation and growth of a variety of tumors. However, the role of PGFS in Oxa resistance in CRC remains unclear. AIM To explore the role and related mechanisms of PGFS in mediating Oxa resistance in CRC. METHODS The PGFS expression level was examined in 37 pairs of CRC tissues and paracancerous tissues at both the mRNA and protein levels. Overexpression or knockdown of PGFS was performed in CRC cell lines with acquired Oxa resistance (HCT116-OxR and HCT8-OxR) and their parental cell lines (HCT116 and HCT8) to assess its influence on cell proliferation, chemoresistance, apoptosis, and DNA damage. For determination of the underlying mechanisms, CRC cells were examined for platinum-DNA adducts and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the presence of a PGFS inhibitor or its products. RESULTS Both the protein and mRNA levels of PGFS were increased in the 37 examined CRC tissues compared to the adjacent normal tissues. Oxa induced PGFS expression in the parental HCT116 and HCT8 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, overexpression of PGFS in parental CRC cells significantly attenuated Oxa-induced proliferative suppression, apoptosis, and DNA damage. In contrast, knockdown of PGFS in Oxa-resistant HCT116 and HCT8 cells (HCT116-OxR and HCT8-OxR) accentuated the effect of Oxa treatment in vitro and in vivo. The addition of the PGFS inhibitor indomethacin enhanced the cytotoxicity caused by Oxa. Treatment with the PGFS-catalyzed product PGF2α reversed the effect of PGFS knockdown on Oxa sensitivity. Interestingly, PGFS inhibited the formation of platinum-DNA adducts in a PGF2α-independent manner. PGF2α exerts its protective effect against DNA damage by reducing ROS levels. CONCLUSION PGFS promotes resistance to Oxa in CRC via both PGF2α-dependent and PGF2α-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiao-Li Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hong-Qun Liu
- Liver Unit, University of Calgary, Calgary T1W0K6, Canada
| | - Hui Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jiu-Na Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Handan 056000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Sheng-Xiong Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shu-Ling Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiao-Xu Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shi-Mao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Youfu Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hui-Qing Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
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Tao L, Ding X, Yan L, Xu G, Zhang P, Ji A, Zhang L. CD36 accelerates the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by promoting FAs absorption. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:202. [PMID: 36175596 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01808-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CD36 is emerging as a potential strategy for cancer treatment because of its function of regulating fatty acid intake. The purpose of this study was to clarify the molecular mechanism of CD36 in the progression of HCC. TCGA database was used to analyze the relationship of CD36 with HCC. The expression of CD36 in HCC clinical samples and cell lines was detected by qRT-PCR and western blot. Huh7 cells and HCCLM3 cells were transfected and treated into different group. CCK-8 and clone formation assay were used to detect the cell proliferation ability. Wound healing and transwell experiment were used to detect the metastatic ability. HCC xenografts were constructed in nude mice by subcutaneous injection of stably transfected Huh7 cells. The expression of CD36 in HCC was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The contents of phospholipids and triglycerides in HCC cells were detected by ELISA. And the content of neutral lipids in HCC cells was detected by staining with BODIPY 493/503 and DAPI dye. Then transcriptional sequencing was used to determine the downstream mechanism of CD36 in HCC, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed. CD36 was upregulated in HCC. Knockdown of CD36 could suppress the proliferation and metastasis of HCC in vitro and in vivo by regulating FAs intake in HCC. In addition, the expression of AKR1C2 was suppressed by sh-CD36, and which was also involved in the regulation of FAs intake. The molecular mechanism by which CD36 accelerated the progression of HCC was to promote the expression of AKR1C2 and thus enhance fatty acids (FAs) intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lide Tao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, No. 368, Hanjiang Middle Road, Yangzhou, 225012, China
| | - Xiangmin Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lele Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guangcai Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, No. 368, Hanjiang Middle Road, Yangzhou, 225012, China
| | - Peijian Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, No. 368, Hanjiang Middle Road, Yangzhou, 225012, China
| | - Anlai Ji
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, No. 368, Hanjiang Middle Road, Yangzhou, 225012, China
| | - Lihong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, No. 368, Hanjiang Middle Road, Yangzhou, 225012, China.
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Sun Z, Li T, Xiao C, Zou S, Zhang M, Zhang Q, Wang Z, Zhan H, Wang H. Prediction of overall survival based upon a new ferroptosis-related gene signature in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:120. [PMID: 35422048 PMCID: PMC9008912 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02555-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common and lethal renal cell carcinoma (RCC) histological subtype. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered programmed cell death and serves an essential role in tumor occurrence and development. The purpose of this study is to analyze ferroptosis-related gene (FRG) expression profiles and to construct a multi-gene signature for predicting the prognosis of ccRCC patients. METHODS RNA-sequencing data and clinicopathological data of ccRCC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Differentially expressed FRGs between ccRCC and normal tissues were identified using 'limma' package in R. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were conducted to elucidate the biological functions and pathways of differentially expressed FRGs. Consensus clustering was used to investigate the relationship between the expression of FRGs and clinical phenotypes. Univariate and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis were used to screen genes related to prognosis and construct the optimal signature. Then, a nomogram was established to predict individual survival probability by combining clinical features and prognostic signature. RESULTS A total of 19 differentially expressed FRGs were identified. Consensus clustering identified two clusters of ccRCC patients with distinguished prognostic. Functional analysis revealed that metabolism-related pathways were enriched, especially lipid metabolism. A 7-gene ferroptosis-related prognostic signature was constructed to stratify the TCGA training cohort into high- and low-risk groups where the prognosis was significantly worse in the high-risk group. The signature was identified as an independent prognostic indicator for ccRCC. These findings were validated in the testing cohort, the entire cohort, and the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) cohort. We further demonstrated that the signature-based risk score was highly associated with the ccRCC progression. Further stratified survival analysis showed that the high-risk group had a significantly lower overall survival (OS) rate than those in the low-risk group. Moreover, we constructed a nomogram that had a strong ability to forecast the OS of the ccRCC patients. CONCLUSIONS We constructed a ferroptosis-related prognostic signature, which might provide a reliable prognosis assessment tool for the clinician to guide clinical decision-making and outcomes research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuolun Sun
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Tengcheng Li
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Chutian Xiao
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Shaozhong Zou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Mingxiao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Qiwei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Zhenqing Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Hailun Zhan
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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Wang Q, Morris RJ, Bode AM, Zhang T. Prostaglandin Pathways: Opportunities for Cancer Prevention and Therapy. Cancer Res 2021; 82:949-965. [PMID: 34949672 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-2297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Because of profound effects observed in carcinogenesis, prostaglandins (PGs), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthases, and PG receptors are implicated in cancer development and progression. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of PG actions has potential clinical relevance for cancer prevention and therapy. This review focuses on the current status of PG signaling pathways in modulating cancer progression and aims to provide insights into the mechanistic actions of PGs and their receptors in influencing tumor progression. We also examine several small molecules identified as having anticancer activity that target prostaglandin receptors. The literature suggests that targeting PG pathways could provide opportunities for cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Wang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota
| | | | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota
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Zamora-Sánchez CJ, Hernández-Vega AM, Gaona-Domínguez S, Rodríguez-Dorantes M, Camacho-Arroyo I. 5alpha-dihydroprogesterone promotes proliferation and migration of human glioblastoma cells. Steroids 2020; 163:108708. [PMID: 32730775 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are the most common and deadliest intracranial tumors. Steroid hormones, such as progesterone (P4), at physiological concentrations, promote proliferation, and migration of human GBM cells in vivo and in vitro. Neuronal and glial cells, but also GBMs, metabolize P4 and synthesize different active metabolites such as 5α-dihydroprogesterone (5α-DHP). However, their contribution to GBM malignancy remains unknown. Here, we determined the 5α-DHP effects on the number of cells, proliferation, and migration of the U87 and U251 human GBM-derived cell lines. Of the tested concentrations (1 nM-1 µM), 5α-DHP 10 nM significantly increased the number of U87 and U251 cells from day 2 of treatment, and proliferation (at day 3) in a similar manner as P4 (10 nM). The treatment with the progesterone receptor (PR) antagonist RU486 (mifepristone), blocked the effects of 5α-DHP on the number of cells and proliferation. Besides, in U251 and LN229 GBM cells, 5α-DHP promoted cell migration (from 12 to 24 h). We also determined that GBM cells expressed the 3α-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductases (3α-HSOR), which reversibly reduce 5α-DHP to allopregnanolone (3α-THP). These data indicate that 5α-DHP induces proliferation and migration of human GBM through the activation of PR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen J Zamora-Sánchez
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico
| | - Ana M Hernández-Vega
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico
| | - Saúl Gaona-Domínguez
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico
| | - Mauricio Rodríguez-Dorantes
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Periférico Sur No. 4809, Col. Arenal Tepepan, Delegación Tlalpan, C.P. 14610 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico.
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Franko A, Berti L, Hennenlotter J, Rausch S, Scharpf MO, de Angelis MH, Stenzl A, Birkenfeld AL, Peter A, Lutz SZ, Häring HU, Heni M. Transcript Levels of Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Subfamily C (AKR1C) Are Increased in Prostate Tissue of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10030124. [PMID: 32932589 PMCID: PMC7564141 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10030124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 (AKR1) enzymes play a crucial role in diabetic complications. Since type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with cancer progression, we investigated the impact of diabetes on AKR1 gene expression in the context of prostate cancer (PCa) development. In this study, we analyzed benign (BEN) prostate and PCa tissue of patients with and without T2D. Furthermore, to replicate hyperglycemia in vitro, we treated the prostate adenocarcinoma cell line PC3 with increasing glucose concentrations. Gene expression was quantified using real-time qPCR. In the prostate tissue of patients with T2D, AKR1C1 and AKR1C2 transcripts were higher compared to samples of patients without diabetes. In PC3 cells, high glucose treatment induced the gene expression levels of AKR1C1, C2, and C3. Furthermore, both in human tissue and in PC3 cells, the transcript levels of AKR1C1, C2, and C3 showed positive associations with oncogenes, which are involved in proliferation processes and HIF1α and NFκB pathways. These results indicate that in the prostate glands of patients with T2D, hyperglycemia could play a pivotal role by inducing the expression of AKR1C1, C2, and C3. The higher transcript level of AKR1C was furthermore associated with upregulated HIF1α and NFκB pathways, which are major drivers of PCa carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Franko
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.F.); (A.L.B.); (S.Z.L.); (H.-U.H.)
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Lucia Berti
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Jörg Hennenlotter
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (J.H.); (S.R.); (A.S.)
| | - Steffen Rausch
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (J.H.); (S.R.); (A.S.)
| | - Marcus O. Scharpf
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Martin Hrabĕ de Angelis
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Arnulf Stenzl
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (J.H.); (S.R.); (A.S.)
| | - Andreas L. Birkenfeld
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.F.); (A.L.B.); (S.Z.L.); (H.-U.H.)
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Andreas Peter
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.P.)
| | - Stefan Z. Lutz
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.F.); (A.L.B.); (S.Z.L.); (H.-U.H.)
- Clinic for Geriatric and Orthopedic Rehabilitation Bad Sebastiansweiler, 72116 Mössingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.F.); (A.L.B.); (S.Z.L.); (H.-U.H.)
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Martin Heni
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.F.); (A.L.B.); (S.Z.L.); (H.-U.H.)
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-7071-29-82714
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Pericuesta E, Laguna-Barraza R, Ramos-Ibeas P, Gutierrez-Arroyo JL, Navarro JA, Vera K, Sanjuan C, Baixeras E, de Fonseca FR, Gutierrez-Adan A. D-Chiro-Inositol Treatment Affects Oocyte and Embryo Quality and Improves Glucose Intolerance in Both Aged Mice and Mouse Models of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6049. [PMID: 32842637 PMCID: PMC7504697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the main cause of female infertility. It is a multifactorial disorder with varying clinical manifestations including metabolic/endocrine abnormalities, hyperandrogenism, and ovarian cysts, among other conditions. D-Chiro-inositol (DCI) is the main treatment available for PCOS in humans. To address some of the mechanisms of this complex disorder and its treatment, this study examines the effect of DCI on reproduction during the development of different PCOS-associated phenotypes in aged females and two mouse models of PCOS. Aged females (8 months old) were treated or not (control) with DCI for 2 months. PCOS models were generated by treatment with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) on Days 16, 17, and 18 of gestation, or by testosterone propionate (TP) treatment on the first day of life. At two months of age, PCOS mice were treated with DCI for 2 months and their reproductive parameters analyzed. No effects of DCI treatment were produced on body weight or ovary/body weight ratio. However, treatment reduced the number of follicles with an atretic cyst-like appearance and improved embryo development in the PCOS models, and also increased implantation rates in both aged and PCOS mice. DCI modified the expression of genes related to oocyte quality, oxidative stress, and luteal sufficiency in cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) obtained from the aged and PCOS models. Further, the phosphorylation of AKT, a main metabolic sensor activated by insulin in the liver, was enhanced only in the DHT group, which was the only PCOS model showing glucose intolerance and AKT dephosphorylation. The effect of DCI in the TP model seemed mediated by its influence on oxidative stress and follicle insufficiency. Our results indicate that DCI works in preclinical models of PCOS and offer insight into its mechanism of action when used to treat this infertility-associated syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Pericuesta
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.P.); (R.L.-B.); (P.R.-I.); (J.L.G.-A.)
| | - Ricardo Laguna-Barraza
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.P.); (R.L.-B.); (P.R.-I.); (J.L.G.-A.)
| | - Priscila Ramos-Ibeas
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.P.); (R.L.-B.); (P.R.-I.); (J.L.G.-A.)
| | - Julia L. Gutierrez-Arroyo
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.P.); (R.L.-B.); (P.R.-I.); (J.L.G.-A.)
| | - Juan A. Navarro
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto IBIMA, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.A.N.); (K.V.); (F.R.d.F.)
| | - Katia Vera
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto IBIMA, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.A.N.); (K.V.); (F.R.d.F.)
| | - Carlos Sanjuan
- Euronutra S.L., Calle Johannes Kepler 3, 29590 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Elena Baixeras
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto IBIMA, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.A.N.); (K.V.); (F.R.d.F.)
| | - Alfonso Gutierrez-Adan
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.P.); (R.L.-B.); (P.R.-I.); (J.L.G.-A.)
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11
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Sharif Siam MK, Sarker A, Sayeem MMS. In silico drug design and molecular docking studies targeting Akt1 (RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase) and Akt2 (RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase) proteins and investigation of CYP (cytochrome P450) inhibitors against MAOB (monoamine oxidase B) for OSCC (oral squamous cell carcinoma) treatment. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:6467-6479. [PMID: 32746771 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1802335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The overexpression of Akt1 (RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein Kinase) and Akt2 (RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein Kinase) is a hallmark of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). Because of the elevated frequency of OSCC occurrence in South Asian countries, novel therapeutic approaches are indispensable. Drugs that inhibit the overexpression of Akt1 and Akt2 proteins in Akt pathway and do not cause reduced expression of MAOB can be leads for OSCC treatment. In this study, Akt1, Akt2 and MAOB were targeted and 100 CYP inhibitors were screened through several in silico approaches and Galuteolin and Linarin were identified as potential leads for OSCC treatment as they inhibited Akt1 proteins with strong binding affinities of -12.3 and -11.5 kcal/mol respectively and also Akt2 proteins with strong binding affinities of -11.4 and -11.1 kcal/mol respectively, but they did not inhibit MAOB. Decreased expression of MAOB in tissues causes OSCC but overexpression is also responsible for other types of diseases and cancers. From the investigation of CYP inhibitors against MAOB, five CYP inhibitors- Diosmetin, Acacetin, Epicatechin, Eriodictyol and Capillin have expressed inhibitory action against MAOB without any interference with Akt1 and Akt2. This study mainly represents that Galuteolin and Linarin in the Akt pathway can be perceived for OSCC treatment and other five CYP inhibitors - Diosmetin, Acacetin, Epicatechin, Eriodictyol and Capillin for the treatment of other diseases and cancers caused by overexpression of MAOB. ADMET properties of CYP inhibitors obtained from admetSAR 2.0 and were compared with reference drugs for validation. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anusree Sarker
- Department of Pharmacy, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Manzur Sharif Sayeem
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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12
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Zhang ZF, Huang TJ, Zhang XK, Xie YJ, Lin ST, Luo FF, Meng DF, Hu H, Wang J, Peng LX, Qian CN, Cheng C, Huang BJ. AKR1C2 acts as a targetable oncogene in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:9999-10012. [PMID: 32678482 PMCID: PMC7520259 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aldo-keto reductases family 1 member C2 (AKR1C2) has critical roles in the tumorigenesis and progression of malignant tumours. However, it was also discovered to have ambiguous functions in multiple cancers and till present, its clinical significance and molecular mechanism in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has been unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the role of AKR1C2 in the tumorigenesis of ESCC. Here, we showed that AKR1C2 expression was found to be up-regulated in ESCC tissues and was significantly associated with pathological stage, lymph node metastasis and worse outcomes. Functional assays demonstrated that an ectopic expression of AKR1C2 in ESCC cells resulted in increased proliferation, migration and cisplatin resistance, while knockdown led to inversing effects. Bioinformation analyses and mechanistic studies demonstrated that AKR1C2 activated the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway, furthermore, the inhibitor of PI3K or the selective inhibitor of AKR1C2 enzyme activity could reverse the aggressiveness and showed synergistic antitumour effect when combined with cisplatin, both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, Our findings revealed that AKR1C2 could function as an oncogene by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway, as a novel prognostic biomarker and/or as a potential therapeutic target to ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Fei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tie-Jun Huang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Ke Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu-Jie Xie
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Ting Lin
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei-Fei Luo
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Fang Meng
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Maoming, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Xia Peng
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao-Nan Qian
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangzhou Concord Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bi-Jun Huang
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Endo S, Matsunaga T, Hara A. Mouse Akr1cl gene product is a prostaglandin D2 11-ketoreductase with strict substrate specificity. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 674:108096. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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14
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Aguila B, Morris AB, Spina R, Bar E, Schraner J, Vinkler R, Sohn JW, Welford SM. The Ig superfamily protein PTGFRN coordinates survival signaling in glioblastoma multiforme. Cancer Lett 2019; 462:33-42. [PMID: 31377205 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant primary brain tumor with a median survival of approximately 14 months. Despite aggressive treatment of surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, only 3-5% of GBM patients survive more than 3 years. Contributing to this poor therapeutic response, it is believed that GBM contains both intrinsic and acquired mechanisms of resistance, including resistance to radiation therapy. In order to define novel mediators of radiation resistance, we conducted a functional knockdown screen, and identified the immunoglobulin superfamily protein, PTGFRN. In GBM, PTGFRN is found to be overexpressed and to correlate with poor survival. Reducing PTGFRN expression radiosensitizes GBM cells and potently decreases the rate of cell proliferation and tumor growth. Further, PTGFRN inhibition results in significant reduction of PI3K p110β and phosphorylated AKT, due to instability of p110β. Additionally, PTGFRN inhibition decreases nuclear p110β leading to decreased DNA damage sensing and DNA damage repair. Therefore overexpression of PTGFRN in glioblastoma promotes AKT-driven survival signaling and tumor growth, as well as increased DNA repair signaling. These findings suggest PTGFRN is a potential signaling hub for aggressiveness in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Aguila
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Adina Brett Morris
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Raffaella Spina
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Eli Bar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Julie Schraner
- Department of Radiation Onoclogy, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Robert Vinkler
- Department of Radiation Onoclogy, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jason W Sohn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, 15212, USA
| | - Scott M Welford
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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15
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Yang Y, Chen Q, Zhao Q, Luo Y, Xu Y, Du W, Wang H, Li H, Yang L, Hu C, Zhang J, Li Y, Xia H, Chen Z, Ma J, Tian X, Yang J. Inhibition of COX2/PGD2-Related Autophagy Is Involved in the Mechanism of Brain Injury in T2DM Rat. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:68. [PMID: 30873010 PMCID: PMC6400968 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to observe the effect of COX2/PGD2-related autophagy on brain injury in type 2 diabetes rats. The histopathology was detected by haematoxylin–eosin staining. The learning and memory functions were evaluated by Morris water maze. The levels of insulin and PGD2 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expressions of COX2, p-AKT(S473), p-AMPK(T172), Aβ, Beclin1, LC3BII, and p62 were measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. In model rats, we found that the body weight was significantly decreased, the blood glucose levels were significantly increased, the plasma insulin content was significantly decreased, the learning and memory functions were impaired and the cortex and hippocampus neurons showed significant nuclear pyknosis. The levels of COX2, p-AKT(S473), PGD2, Aβ, Beclin1 and p62 were significantly increased, whereas the expression of p-AMPK(T172) and LC3BII was significantly decreased in the cortex and hippocampus of model rats. In meloxicam-treated rats, the body weight, blood glucose and the content of plasma insulin did not significantly change, the learning and memory functions were improved and nuclear pyknosis was improved in the cortex and hippocampus neurons. The expression of p-AMPK(T172), Beclin1 and LC3BII was significantly increased, and the levels of COX2, p-AKT(S473), PGD2, Aβ, and p62 were significantly decreased in the cortex and hippocampus of meloxicam-treated rats. Our results suggested that the inhibition of COX2/PGD2-related autophagy was involved in the mechanism of brain injury caused by type 2 diabetes in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, GuiZhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Quanfeng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital to TMMU, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Weimin Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, China
| | - Congli Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiahua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuke Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, China
| | - Junqing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, China
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16
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Roscovitine and purvalanol A effectively reverse anthracycline resistance mediated by the activity of aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3): A promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 156:22-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Xia D, Lai DV, Wu W, Webb ZD, Yang Q, Zhao L, Yu Z, Thorpe JE, Disch BC, Ihnat MA, Jayaraman M, Dhanasekaran DN, Stratton KL, Cookson MS, Fung KM, Lin HK. Transition from androgenic to neurosteroidal action of 5α-androstane-3α, 17β-diol through the type A γ-aminobutyric acid receptor in prostate cancer progression. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 178:89-98. [PMID: 29155210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Androgen ablation is the standard of care prescribed to patients with advanced or metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) to slow down disease progression. Unfortunately, a majority of PCa patients under androgen ablation progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Several mechanisms including alternative intra-prostatic androgen production and androgen-independent androgen receptor (AR) activation have been proposed for CRPC progression. Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3), a multi-functional steroid metabolizing enzyme, is specifically expressed in the cytoplasm of PCa cells; and positive immunoreactivity of the type A γ-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABAAR), an ionotropic receptor and ligand-gated ion channel, is detected on the membrane of PCa cells. We studied a total of 72 radical prostatectomy cases by immunohistochemistry, and identified that 21 cases exhibited positive immunoreactivities for both AKR1C3 and GABAAR. In the dual positive cancer cases, AKR1C3 and GABAAR subunit α1 were either expressed in the same cells or in neighboring cells. Among several possible substrates, AKR1C3 reduces 5α-dihydrotesterone (DHT) to form 5α-androstane-3α, 17β-diol (3α-diol). 3α-diol is a neurosteroid that acts as a positive allosteric modulator of the GABAAR in the central nervous system (CNS). We examined the hypothesis that 3α-diol-regulated pathological effects in the prostate are GABAAR-dependent, but are independent of the AR. In GABAAR-positive, AR-negative human PCa PC-3 cells, 3α-diol significantly stimulated cell growth in culture and the in ovo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) xenograft model. 3α-diol also up-regulated expression of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of growth factors and activation of EGF receptor (EGFR) and Src as measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting, respectively. Inclusion of GABAAR antagonists reversed 3α-diol-stimulated tumor cell growth, expression of EGF family members, and activation of EGFR and Src to the level observed in untreated cells. Results from the present study suggest that 3α-diol may act as an alternative intra-prostatic neurosteroid that activates AR-independent PCa progression. The involvement of AKR1C3-mediated steroid metabolisms in modulating GABAAR activation and promoting PCa progression requires continued studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Xia
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China; Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Doan V Lai
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Weijuan Wu
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Zachary D Webb
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Lichao Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Zhongxin Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jessica E Thorpe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, OKC, OK 73117, USA
| | - Bryan C Disch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, OKC, OK 73117, USA
| | - Michael A Ihnat
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, OKC, OK 73117, USA
| | | | - Danny N Dhanasekaran
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Kelly L Stratton
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Michael S Cookson
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Kar-Ming Fung
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pathology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Hsueh-Kung Lin
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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18
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Xin Z, Pu L, Gao W, Wang Y, Wei J, Shi T, Yao Z, Guo C. Riboflavin deficiency induces a significant change in proteomic profiles in HepG2 cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45861. [PMID: 28367977 PMCID: PMC5377456 DOI: 10.1038/srep45861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Riboflavin deficiency is widespread in many regions over the world, especially in underdeveloped countries. In this study, we investigated the effects of riboflavin deficiency on protein expression profiles in HepG2 cells in order to provide molecular information for the abnormalities induced by riboflavin deficiency. HepG2 cells were cultured in media containing different concentrations of riboflavin. Changes of cell viability and apoptosis were assessed. A comparative proteomic analysis was performed using a label-free shotgun method with LC-MS/MS to investigate the global changes of proteomic profiles in response to riboflavin deficiency. Immunoblotting test was used to validate the results of proteomic approach. The cell viability and apoptosis tests showed that riboflavin was vital in maintaining the cytoactivity of HepG2 cells. The label-free proteomic analysis revealed that a total of 37 proteins showing differential expression (±2 fold, p < 0.05) were identified after riboflavin deficiency. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the riboflavin deficiency caused an up-regulation of Parkinson's disease pathway, steroid catabolism, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptotic process, while the fatty acid metabolism, tricarboxylic citrate cycle, oxidative phosphorylation and iron metabolism were down-regulated. These findings provide a molecular basis for the elucidation of the effects caused by riboflavin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghao Xin
- Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Lingling Pu
- Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Weina Gao
- Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Yawen Wang
- Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jingyu Wei
- Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Tala Shi
- Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Zhanxin Yao
- Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Changjiang Guo
- Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
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19
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Wu X, Deng F, Li Y, Daniels G, Du X, Ren Q, Wang J, Wang LH, Yang Y, Zhang V, Zhang D, Ye F, Melamed J, Monaco ME, Lee P. ACSL4 promotes prostate cancer growth, invasion and hormonal resistance. Oncotarget 2016; 6:44849-63. [PMID: 26636648 PMCID: PMC4792596 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Increases in fatty acid metabolism have been demonstrated to promote the growth and survival of a variety of cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa). Here, we examine the expression and function of the fatty acid activating enzyme, long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4), in PCa. Ectopic expression of ACSL4 in ACSL4-negative PCa cells increases proliferation, migration and invasion, while ablation of ACSL4 in PCa cells expressing endogenous ACSL4 reduces cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The cell proliferative effects were observed both in vitro, as well as in vivo. Immunohistochemical analysis of human PCa tissue samples indicated ACSL4 expression is increased in malignant cells compared with adjacent benign epithelial cells, and particularly increased in castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) when compared with hormone naive PCa. In cell lines co-expressing both ACSL4 and AR, proliferation was independent of exogenous androgens, suggesting that ACSL4 expression may lead to CRPC. In support for this hypothesis, ectopic ACSL4 expression induced resistance to treatment with Casodex, via decrease in apoptosis. Our studies further indicate that ACSL4 upregulates distinct pathway proteins including p-AKT, LSD1 and β-catenin. These results suggest ACSL4 could serve as a biomarker and potential therapeutic target for CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wu
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fangming Deng
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yirong Li
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Garrett Daniels
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xinxin Du
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qinghu Ren
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,NYU Center for Health Informatics and Bioinformatics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ling Hang Wang
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Valerio Zhang
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Melamed
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marie E Monaco
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peng Lee
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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20
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Zhou B, Sun Q, Kong DX. Predicting cancer-relevant proteins using an improved molecular similarity ensemble approach. Oncotarget 2016; 7:32394-407. [PMID: 27083051 PMCID: PMC5078021 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we proposed an improved algorithm for identifying proteins relevant to cancer. The algorithm was named two-layer molecular similarity ensemble approach (TL-SEA). We applied TL-SEA to analyzing the correlation between anticancer compounds (against cell lines K562, MCF7 and A549) and active compounds against separate target proteins listed in BindingDB. Several associations between cancer types and related proteins were revealed using this chemoinformatics approach. An analysis of the literature showed that 26 of 35 predicted proteins were correlated with cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis or differentiation. Additionally, interactions between proteins in BindingDB and anticancer chemicals were also predicted. We discuss the roles of the most important predicted proteins in cancer biology and conclude that TL-SEA could be a useful tool for inferring novel proteins involved in cancer and revealing underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - De-Xin Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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21
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Coquenlorge S, Van Landeghem L, Jaulin J, Cenac N, Vergnolle N, Duchalais E, Neunlist M, Rolli-Derkinderen M. The arachidonic acid metabolite 11β-ProstaglandinF2α controls intestinal epithelial healing: deficiency in patients with Crohn's disease. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25203. [PMID: 27140063 PMCID: PMC4853710 DOI: 10.1038/srep25203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In healthy gut enteric glial cells (EGC) are essential to intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) functions. In Crohn's Disease (CD), both EGC phenotype and IEB functions are altered, but putative involvement of EGC in CD pathogenesis remains unknown and study of human EGC are lacking. EGC isolated from CD and control patients showed similar expression of glial markers and EGC-derived soluble factors (IL6, TGF-β, proEGF, GSH) but CD EGC failed to increase IEB resistance and healing. Lipid profiling showed that CD EGC produced decreased amounts of 15-HETE, 18-HEPE, 15dPGJ2 and 11βPGF2α as compared to healthy EGC. They also had reduced expression of the L-PGDS and AKR1C3 enzymes. Produced by healthy EGC, the 11βPGF2 activated PPARγ receptor of intestinal epithelial cells to induce cell spreading and IEB wound repair. In addition to this novel healing mechanism our data show that CD EGC presented impaired ability to promote IEB functions through defect in L-PGDS-AKR1C3-11βPGF2α dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Coquenlorge
- INSERM, UMR913, Nantes, F-44093, France
- Université Nantes, Nantes, F-44093, France
- Institut des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif, CHU Nantes, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, F-44093, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Nantes, F-44093, France
| | - Laurianne Van Landeghem
- INSERM, UMR913, Nantes, F-44093, France
- Université Nantes, Nantes, F-44093, France
- Institut des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif, CHU Nantes, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, F-44093, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Nantes, F-44093, France
| | - Julie Jaulin
- INSERM, UMR913, Nantes, F-44093, France
- Université Nantes, Nantes, F-44093, France
- Institut des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif, CHU Nantes, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, F-44093, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Nantes, F-44093, France
| | - Nicolas Cenac
- Centre de Pathophysiologie, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
- INSERM UMR-1043 CNRS UMR-5282, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- Centre de Pathophysiologie, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
- INSERM UMR-1043 CNRS UMR-5282, Toulouse, France
| | - Emilie Duchalais
- INSERM, UMR913, Nantes, F-44093, France
- Université Nantes, Nantes, F-44093, France
- Institut des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif, CHU Nantes, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, F-44093, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Nantes, F-44093, France
| | - Michel Neunlist
- INSERM, UMR913, Nantes, F-44093, France
- Université Nantes, Nantes, F-44093, France
- Institut des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif, CHU Nantes, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, F-44093, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Nantes, F-44093, France
| | - Malvyne Rolli-Derkinderen
- INSERM, UMR913, Nantes, F-44093, France
- Université Nantes, Nantes, F-44093, France
- Institut des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif, CHU Nantes, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, F-44093, France
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Nantes, F-44093, France
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22
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Doig CL, Battaglia S, Khanim FL, Bunce CM, Campbell MJ. Knockdown of AKR1C3 exposes a potential epigenetic susceptibility in prostate cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 155:47-55. [PMID: 26429394 PMCID: PMC5391256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3) has been heavily implicated in the propagation of prostate malignancy. AKR1C3 protein is elevated within prostate cancer tissue, it contributes to the formation of androgens and downstream stimulation of the androgen receptor (AR). Elevated expression of AKR1C3 is also reported in acute myeloid leukemia but the target nuclear receptors have been identified as members of the peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor (PPARs) subfamily. Thus, AKR1C3 cancer biology is likely to be tissue dependent and hormonally linked to the availability of ligands for both the steroidogenic and non-steroidogenic nuclear receptors. METHODS In the current study we investigated the potential for AKR1C3 to regulate the availability of prostaglandin-derived ligands for PPARg mainly, prostaglandin J2 (PGJ2). Using prostate cancer cell lines with stably reduced AKR1C3 levels we examined the impact of AKR1C3 upon proliferation mediated by PPAR ligands. RESULTS These studies revealed knockdown of AKR1C3 had no effect upon the sensitivity of androgen receptor independent prostate cancer cells towards PPAR ligands. However, the reduction of levels of AKR1C3 was accompanied by a significantly reduced mRNA expression of a range of HDACs, transcriptional co-regulators, and increased sensitivity towards SAHA, a clinically approved histone deacetylase inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a hitherto unidentified link between AKR1C3 levels and the epigenetic status in prostate cancer cells. This raises an interesting possibility of a novel rational to target AKR1C3, the utilization of AKRIC3 selective inhibitors in combination with HDAC inhibition as part of novel epigenetic therapies in androgen deprivation therapy recurrent prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig L Doig
- Centre for Endocrinology Diabetes & Metabolism, School of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Sebastiano Battaglia
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Farhat L Khanim
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK
| | | | - Moray J Campbell
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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23
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Yoda T, Kikuchi K, Miki Y, Onodera Y, Hata S, Takagi K, Nakamura Y, Hirakawa H, Ishida T, Suzuki T, Ohuchi N, Sasano H, McNamara KM. 11β-Prostaglandin F2α, a bioactive metabolite catalyzed by AKR1C3, stimulates prostaglandin F receptor and induces slug expression in breast cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 413:236-47. [PMID: 26170067 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandins are a group of lipid compounds involved in inflammation and cancer. We focused on PGF2α and its stereoisomer 11β-PGF2α and examined the expression and functions of their cognate receptor (FP receptor) and metabolizing enzymes (AKR1B1 and AKR1C3 respectively) in breast cancer. In immunohistochemical analysis FP receptor status associated with adverse clinical outcome only in the AKR1C3 positive cases. Therefore, we studied FP receptor-mediated functions of 11β-PGF2α using FP receptor expressed MCF-7 cell line (MCF-FP). 11β-PGF2α treatment phosphorylated ERK and CREB and induced Slug expression through FP receptor in MCF-FP, and MCF-FP cells demonstrated decreased chemosensitivity compared to parental controls. Finally, the correlation between FP receptor and Slug was also confirmed immunohistochemically in breast cancer cases. Overall these results indicated that the actions of AKR1C3 can produce FP receptor ligands whose activation results in carcinoma cell survival in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Yoda
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kyoko Kikuchi
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miki
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Onodera
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shuko Hata
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takagi
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakamura
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Noriaki Ohuchi
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keely May McNamara
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
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24
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Bui-Nguyen TM, Dennis WE, Jackson DA, Stallings JD, Lewis JA. Detection of Dichlorvos Adducts in a Hepatocyte Cell Line. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:3583-95. [DOI: 10.1021/pr5000076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tri M. Bui-Nguyen
- Oak Ridge Institute
for Science and Education (ORISE) Postdoctoral Researcher, U.S. Army
Center for Environmental Health Research, 568 Doughten Drive, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - William E. Dennis
- U.S. Army Center for Environmental Health Research, 568 Doughten Drive, Fort
Detrick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - David A. Jackson
- U.S. Army Center for Environmental Health Research, 568 Doughten Drive, Fort
Detrick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Jonathan D. Stallings
- U.S. Army Center for Environmental Health Research, 568 Doughten Drive, Fort
Detrick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - John A. Lewis
- U.S. Army Center for Environmental Health Research, 568 Doughten Drive, Fort
Detrick, Maryland 21702, United States
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25
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Tian Y, Zhao L, Zhang H, Liu X, Zhao L, Zhao X, Li Y, Li J. AKR1C3 overexpression may serve as a promising biomarker for prostate cancer progression. Diagn Pathol 2014; 9:42. [PMID: 24571686 PMCID: PMC3939640 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-9-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3) is a key steroidogenic enzyme that is overexpressed in prostate cancer (PCa) and is associated with the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the expression level of AKR1C3 and the progression of PCa. Methods Sixty human prostate needle biopsy tissue specimens and ten LNCaP xenografts from intact or castrated male mice were included in the study. The relationship between the level of AKR1C3 expression by immunohistochemistry and evaluation factors for PCa progression, including prostate-specific antigen (PSA), Gleason score (GS) and age, were analyzed. Results Low immunoreactivity of AKR1C3 was detected in normal prostate epithelium, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). Positive staining was gradually increased with an elevated GS in PCa epithelium and LNCaP xenografts in mice after castration. The Spearman’s r values (rs) of AKR1C3 to GS and PSA levels were 0.396 (P = 0.025) and -0.377 (P = 0.036), respectively, in PCa biopsies. The rs of AKR1C3 to age was 0.76 (P = 0.011). No statistically significant difference was found with other variables. Conclusion Our study suggests that the level of AKR. 1C3 expression is positively correlated with an elevated GS, indicating that AKR1C3 can serve as a promising biomarker for the progression of PCa. Virtual slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/7748245591110149.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yi Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China.
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26
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Allaj V, Guo C, Nie D. Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, prostaglandins, and cancer. Cell Biosci 2013; 3:8. [PMID: 23388178 PMCID: PMC3599181 DOI: 10.1186/2045-3701-3-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids are involved in multiple pathways and play a pivotal role in health. Eicosanoids, derived from arachidonic acid, have received extensive attention in the field of cancer research. Following release from the phospholipid membrane, arachidonic acid can be metabolized into different classes of eicosanoids through cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, or p450 epoxygenase pathways. Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely consumed as analgesics to relieve minor aches and pains, as antipyretics to reduce fever, and as anti-inflammatory medications. Most NSAIDs are nonselective inhibitors of cyclooxygenases, the rate limiting enzymes in the formation of prostaglandins. Long term use of some NSAIDs has been linked with reduced incidence and mortality in many cancers. In this review, we appraise the biological activities of prostanoids and their cognate receptors in the context of cancer biology. The existing literature supports that these lipid mediators are involved to a great extent in the occurrence and progression of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Allaj
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine and Simmons Cancer Institute, Springfield, IL, 62794, USA.
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Akiyama K, Ohga N, Maishi N, Hida Y, Kitayama K, Kawamoto T, Osawa T, Suzuki Y, Shinohara N, Nonomura K, Shindoh M, Hida K. The F-prostaglandin receptor is a novel marker for tumor endothelial cells in renal cell carcinoma. Pathol Int 2013; 63:37-44. [DOI: 10.1111/pin.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Akiyama
- Department of Vascular Biology; University of Hokkaido; Sapporo; Japan
| | - Noritaka Ohga
- Department of Vascular Biology; University of Hokkaido; Sapporo; Japan
| | - Nako Maishi
- Department of Vascular Biology; University of Hokkaido; Sapporo; Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Hida
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery; University of Hokkaido; Sapporo; Japan
| | - Kazuko Kitayama
- Department of Vascular Biology; University of Hokkaido; Sapporo; Japan
| | - Taisuke Kawamoto
- Department of Vascular Biology; University of Hokkaido; Sapporo; Japan
| | - Takahiro Osawa
- Department of Vascular Biology; University of Hokkaido; Sapporo; Japan
| | - Yuko Suzuki
- Department of Vascular Biology; University of Hokkaido; Sapporo; Japan
| | - Nobuo Shinohara
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery; Graduate School of Medicine; University of Hokkaido; Sapporo; Japan
| | - Katsuya Nonomura
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery; Graduate School of Medicine; University of Hokkaido; Sapporo; Japan
| | - Masanobu Shindoh
- Department of Oral Pathology and Biology; Graduate School of Dental Medicine; University of Hokkaido; Sapporo; Japan
| | - Kyoko Hida
- Department of Vascular Biology; University of Hokkaido; Sapporo; Japan
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Beranič N, Stefane B, Brus B, Gobec S, Rižner TL. New enzymatic assay for the AKR1C enzymes. Chem Biol Interact 2012; 202:204-9. [PMID: 23261716 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The imbalance in expression of the human aldo-keto reductases AKR1C1-AKR1C3 is related to different hormone dependent and independent cancers and some other diseases. The AKR1C1-3 enzymes thus represent emerging targets for the development of new drugs. Currently, various enzymatic assays are used in the search for AKR1C inhibitors, and consequently the results of different research groups are not necessarily comparable. During our recent search for AKR1C inhibitors, we found a cyclopentanol derivative (2-(4-chlorobenzylidene)cyclopentanol, CBCP-ol) and its respective cyclopentanone counterpart (2-(4-chlorobenzylidene)cyclopentanone, CBCP-one) that acted as AKR1C substrates. We determined the kinetic parameters KM, kcat and kcat/KM for oxidation of CBCP-ol and reduction of CBCP-one by AKR1C enzymes in the presence of NAD(+)/NADP(+) and NADH/NADPH, respectively. The catalytic efficiencies for the oxidation of CBCP-ol in the presence of NAD(+) or NADP(+) were in general higher when compared to the catalytic efficiencies for reduction of CBCP-one in the presence of NADH or NADPH. When NADPH was used, as compared to NADH, the reductions of CBCP-one by AKR1C1, AKR1C2 and AKR1C3 were 14-, 51- and 31-fold more efficient, respectively. When comparing to oxidations of the well-known artificial substrates, 1-acenaphthenol and S-tetralol, we observed similar catalytic efficiencies as for CBCP-ol oxidation with NAD(+) and NADP(+). The comparison of CBCP-one reduction with NADPH to reductions of physiological substrates revealed in general higher efficiencies, except for reduction of 9-cis-retinaldehyde by AKR1C3. This NADPH-dependent reduction of CBCP-one was then used to re-evaluate inhibitory potencies of the known inhibitors of the target AKR1C3 and the anti-target AKR1C2, medroxyprogesterone acetate and ursodeoxycholic acid, respectively, showing Ki constants similar to the reported values. Our data thus confirm that the new enzymatic assays with two cyclopentane substrates CBP-ol and CBP-one, and especially reduction of CBCP-one with NADPH, are appropriate for the evaluation of AKR1C inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Beranič
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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N-Benzoyl anthranilic acid derivatives as selective inhibitors of aldo-keto reductase AKR1C3. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:5948-51. [PMID: 22897946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Human aldo-keto reductases AKR1C1-AKR1C3 are involved in the biosynthesis and inactivation of steroid hormones and prostaglandins and thus represent attractive targets for the development of new drugs. We synthesized a series of N-benzoyl anthranilic acid derivatives and tested their inhibitory activity on AKR1C enzymes. Our data show that these derivatives inhibit AKR1C1-AKR1C3 isoforms with low micromolar potency. In addition, five selective inhibitors of AKR1C3 were identified. The most promising inhibitors were compounds 10 and 13, with IC(50) values of 0.31 μM and 0.35 μM for AKR1C3, respectively.
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30
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Cillero-Pastor B, Mateos J, Fernández-López C, Oreiro N, Ruiz-Romero C, Blanco FJ. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2, a newly identified mitochondrial protein modulating nitric oxide synthesis in normal human chondrocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:204-12. [PMID: 21898353 DOI: 10.1002/art.30652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mitochondrion is known to be important to chondrocyte survival. This study was undertaken to analyze protein expression profiles in chondrocyte mitochondria that are affected by interleukin-1β (IL-1β). METHODS Normal human chondrocytes were isolated from knee cartilage obtained at autopsy from subjects with no history of joint disease. Cells were incubated for 48 hours with or without IL-1β (5 ng/ml). Proteins were separated by 2-dimensional electrophoresis and stained with Sypro Ruby, Coomassie brilliant blue, or silver. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were carried out using PDQuest software. Proteins were identified by mass spectrometry using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight/time-of-flight technology. The proteomic results were validated by real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and microscopy. Nitric oxide (NO) was quantified using Griess reagent. RESULTS Comparative analysis revealed differential expression of signal transduction proteins that regulate cytoskeleton, transcription, metabolic, and stress-related pathways. In total extracts, dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 (DDAH-2) did not show any change in expression after stimulation with IL-1β. However, in mitochondrial extracts, DDAH-2 expression was significantly increased after exposure to IL-1β. Conventional immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy revealed the presence of DDAH-2 in the mitochondria of IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes. These results were reproducible in cartilage explants treated with IL-1β. In addition, we demonstrated that inhibition of the expression of DDAH-2, as well as interruption of its translocation to the mitochondria, reduced the NO production induced by IL-1β. DDAH-2 protein expression was higher in osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage than in normal cartilage. CONCLUSION In the present study, the presence of DDAH-2 in normal human chondrocytes and cartilage was identified for the first time. DDAH-2 could play an important role in IL-1β-induced NO production and in OA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Cillero-Pastor
- Osteoarticular and Aging Research Laboratory, INIBIC-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
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Xiong J, Bai L, Fang W, Fu J, Fang W, Cen J, Kong Y, Li Y. New peptide pENW (pGlu-Asn-Trp) inhibits platelet activation by attenuating Akt phosphorylation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012; 45:552-8. [PMID: 22285483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 11/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Platelets play a key role in hemostasis and in the initiation and propagation of thrombus formation. New peptide pGlu-Asn-Trp (pENW), initially extracted from snake venom, shows a concentration-dependent antithrombotic activity, significantly attenuated thrombus formation in the arterial and venous vessel systems. This study was designed to further reveal the mechanisms underlying its antithrombotic effect by focusing on its in vitro antiplatelet effect after precluding its influence on coagulation factors. It showed that pENW concentration-dependently inhibited ADP-, collagen- and platelet activating factor (PAF)-induced platelet aggregation, inversely depending upon the intensity of stimulation induced by agonists. Furthermore, data obtained by ELISA and flow cytometry presented that pENW also suppressed ADP-mediated serotonin secretion and P-selectin expression in a concentration-dependent manner. As shown by Western blot assay, ADP-induced platelet Akt phosphorylation was attenuated by the priming incubation with pENW, demonstrating the influence on platelet intracellular signaling. It provided the explaining information for its activity of inhibiting platelet activation in vitro. These results suggested pENW attenuated thrombus formation in part by inhibiting platelet activation instead of coagulation factors, presented evidence of pENW interfering intracellular signaling system in the process of platelet activation and indicated the possibility that pENW could potentially be developed as a novel therapeutic agent in the prevention and treatment of thrombotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Han Zhong Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, PR China
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Abstract
Human AKR (aldo-keto reductase) 1C proteins (AKR1C1-AKR1C4) exhibit relevant activity with steroids, regulating hormone signalling at the pre-receptor level. In the present study, investigate the activity of the four human AKR1C enzymes with retinol and retinaldehyde. All of the enzymes except AKR1C2 showed retinaldehyde reductase activity with low Km values (~1 μM). The kcat values were also low (0.18-0.6 min-1), except for AKR1C3 reduction of 9-cis-retinaldehyde whose kcat was remarkably higher (13 min-1). Structural modelling of the AKR1C complexes with 9-cis-retinaldehyde indicated a distinct conformation of Trp227, caused by changes in residue 226 that may contribute to the activity differences observed. This was partially supported by the kinetics of the AKR1C3 R226P mutant. Retinol/retinaldehyde conversion, combined with the use of the inhibitor flufenamic acid, indicated a relevant role for endogenous AKR1Cs in retinaldehyde reduction in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Overexpression of AKR1C proteins depleted RA (retinoic acid) transactivation in HeLa cells treated with retinol. Thus AKR1Cs may decrease RA levels in vivo. Finally, by using lithocholic acid as an AKR1C3 inhibitor and UVI2024 as an RA receptor antagonist, we provide evidence that the pro-proliferative action of AKR1C3 in HL-60 cells involves the RA signalling pathway and that this is in part due to the retinaldehyde reductase activity of AKR1C3.
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Lee YJ, Lee GJ, Baek BJ, Heo SH, Won SY, Im JH, Cho MK, Nam HS, Lee SH. Cadmium-induced up-regulation of aldo-keto reductase 1C3 expression in human nasal septum carcinoma RPMI-2650 cells: Involvement of reactive oxygen species and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 31:469-478. [PMID: 21787718 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is a well-known toxic metal and occupational exposure to it is associated with lung cancer. In probing the possible non-genotoxic molecular targets of cadmium-induced nasal toxicity, we performed an mRNA differential display analysis for cadmium-treated human nasal septum carcinoma RPMI-2650 cells. Cadmium (≥ 0.5 μM) inhibited the cell proliferation. The intracellular ROS levels were induced by cadmium treatment. In addition, cadmium elicited the AKR1C3 expression. The cadmium-induced increase in AKR1C3 protein levels was suppressed by N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and, to a lesser extent, PI3K inhibitor (Ly294002). Cells pretreated with Ly294002 were more resistant to cadmium toxicity than control. The increase in AKR1C3 protein level was accompanied by an increase in the nuclear transcription factor Nrf2. Overall, our data suggest that cadmium-induced ROS cause up-regulation of AKR1C3 expression, at least partially via the activation of PI3K-related intracellular signaling pathways, and Nrf2 activation, thereby contributing to an adaptive intracellular response to cadmium toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Jin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 330-090, Republic of Korea
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Ma J, Cao D. Human aldo-keto reductases: structure, substrate specificity and roles in tumorigenesis. Biomol Concepts 2011; 2:115-26. [PMID: 25962023 DOI: 10.1515/bmc.2011.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily consists of over 150 protein members sharing similar structure and enzymatic activities. To date, 13 human AKRs have been identified, and they participate in xenobiotic detoxification, biosynthesis and metabolism. Increasing evidence suggests the involvement of human AKR proteins in cancer development, progression and treatment. Some proteins demonstrate multiple functional features in addition to being a reductase for carbonyl groups. This review article discusses the most recent progress made in the study of humans AKRs.
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Huang KH, Chiou SH, Chow KC, Lin TY, Chang HW, Chiang IP, Lee MC. Overexpression of aldo-keto reductase 1C2 is associated with disease progression in patients with prostatic cancer. Histopathology 2011; 57:384-94. [PMID: 20840669 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2010.03647.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Prostatic cancer is resistant to chemotherapy. Expression of aldo-keto reductase 1C (AKR1C) has been associated with drug resistance and disease progression in several cancers. The aim was to investigate the relationship between AKR1C expression and disease progression in prostatic cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS From January 1996 to December 2005, 86 pathological samples were collected from patients with prostatic cancer. A tissue microarray containing 31 prostatic cancers from American patients was used for comparison between Chinese and American patients. Using immunohistochemistry, aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C2 (AKR1C2) expression was assessed in tissue sections. The AKR1C2 was determined by two-dimensional immunoblotting and DNA sequencing of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction products. The relationship between AKR1C2 expression and clinicopathological variables was statistically analysed. In vitro, the association between AKR1C2 expression and drug resistance was investigated in androgen-sensitive and androgen-insensitive prostatic cancer cells. DNA sequencing and two-dimensional immunoblotting showed that prostatic cancer expressed AKR1C2. It was overexpressed in 77 of 86 (89.5%) Chinese and in 28 of 31 (90.3%) American samples. No difference was found in AKR1C2 expression between Chinese and American prostatic cancer patients. In vitro, increased expression of AKR1C2 and prostaglandin F2α correlated with cytoprotection against anticancer drugs and lycopene. CONCLUSION Overexpression of AKR1C2 is associated with disease progression in prostatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hsuan Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Dozmorov MG, Azzarello JT, Wren JD, Fung KM, Yang Q, Davis JS, Hurst RE, Culkin DJ, Penning TM, Lin HK. Elevated AKR1C3 expression promotes prostate cancer cell survival and prostate cell-mediated endothelial cell tube formation: implications for prostate cancer progression. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:672. [PMID: 21134280 PMCID: PMC3013086 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aldo-keto reductase (AKR) 1C family member 3 (AKR1C3), one of four identified human AKR1C enzymes, catalyzes steroid, prostaglandin, and xenobiotic metabolism. In the prostate, AKR1C3 is up-regulated in localized and advanced prostate adenocarcinoma, and is associated with prostate cancer (PCa) aggressiveness. Here we propose a novel pathological function of AKR1C3 in tumor angiogenesis and its potential role in promoting PCa progression. Methods To recapitulate elevated AKR1C3 expression in cancerous prostate, the human PCa PC-3 cell line was stably transfected with an AKR1C3 expression construct to establish PC3-AKR1C3 transfectants. Microarray and bioinformatics analysis were performed to identify AKR1C3-mediated pathways of activation and their potential biological consequences in PC-3 cells. Western blot analysis, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and an in vitro Matrigel angiogenesis assays were applied to validate the pro-angiogenic activity of PC3-AKR1C3 transfectants identified by bioinformatics analysis. Results Microarray and bioinformatics analysis suggested that overexpression of AKR1C3 in PC-3 cells modulates estrogen and androgen metabolism, activates insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and Akt signaling pathways, as well as promotes tumor angiogenesis and aggressiveness. Levels of IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and Akt activation as well as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and secretion were significantly elevated in PC3-AKR1C3 transfectants in comparison to PC3-mock transfectants. PC3-AKR1C3 transfectants also promoted endothelial cell (EC) tube formation on Matrigel as compared to the AKR1C3-negative parental PC-3 cells and PC3-mock transfectants. Pre-treatment of PC3-AKR1C3 transfectants with a selective IGF-1R kinase inhibitor (AG1024) or a non-selective phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) inhibitor (LY294002) abolished ability of the cells to promote EC tube formation. Conclusions Bioinformatics analysis followed by functional genomics demonstrated that AKR1C3 overexpression promotes angiogenesis and aggressiveness of PC-3 cells. These results also suggest that AKR1C3-mediated tumor angiogenesis is regulated by estrogen and androgen metabolism with subsequent IGF-1R and Akt activation followed by VEGF expression in PCa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail G Dozmorov
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N,E, 13th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
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Romanuik TL, Wang G, Morozova O, Delaney A, Marra MA, Sadar MD. LNCaP Atlas: gene expression associated with in vivo progression to castration-recurrent prostate cancer. BMC Med Genomics 2010; 3:43. [PMID: 20868494 PMCID: PMC2956710 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-3-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is no cure for castration-recurrent prostate cancer (CRPC) and the mechanisms underlying this stage of the disease are unknown. Methods We analyzed the transcriptome of human LNCaP prostate cancer cells as they progress to CRPC in vivo using replicate LongSAGE libraries. We refer to these libraries as the LNCaP atlas and compared these gene expression profiles with current suggested models of CRPC. Results Three million tags were sequenced using in vivo samples at various stages of hormonal progression to reveal 96 novel genes differentially expressed in CRPC. Thirty-one genes encode proteins that are either secreted or are located at the plasma membrane, 21 genes changed levels of expression in response to androgen, and 8 genes have enriched expression in the prostate. Expression of 26, 6, 12, and 15 genes have previously been linked to prostate cancer, Gleason grade, progression, and metastasis, respectively. Expression profiles of genes in CRPC support a role for the transcriptional activity of the androgen receptor (CCNH, CUEDC2, FLNA, PSMA7), steroid synthesis and metabolism (DHCR24, DHRS7, ELOVL5, HSD17B4, OPRK1), neuroendocrine (ENO2, MAOA, OPRK1, S100A10, TRPM8), and proliferation (GAS5, GNB2L1, MT-ND3, NKX3-1, PCGEM1, PTGFR, STEAP1, TMEM30A), but neither supported nor discounted a role for cell survival genes. Conclusions The in vivo gene expression atlas for LNCaP was sequenced and support a role for the androgen receptor in CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy L Romanuik
- Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Ashley RA, Yu Z, Fung KM, Frimberger D, Kropp BP, Penning TM, Lin HK. Developmental evaluation of aldo-keto reductase 1C3 expression in the cryptorchid testis. Urology 2009; 76:67-72. [PMID: 19942269 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2009.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Revised: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3) expression in surgically-removed cryptorchid testes. Human AKR1C3 is a monomeric, cytoplasmic, multifunctional enzyme that reduces ketosteroids, ketoprostaglandins, and lipid aldehydes. AKR1C3 expression has been demonstrated in normal adult Leydig cells and peritubular fibromyocytes. No prior studies have evaluated AKR1C3 expression patterns across different age groups. METHODS Surgically excised cryptorchid testes were subjected to hematoxylin-eosin evaluation to review overall testicular pathology. These samples were then evaluated for AKR1C3 distribution via immunohistochemical staining with a monospecific AKR1C3 monoclonal antibody. Single-pathologist grading of AKR1C3 expression was correlated with clinical presentations. RESULTS A total of 16 cryptorchid testes were identified from the 2000 to present. Median age at the time of surgery was 9 years (range, 1-17). The testes were excised due to atrophy, poor tissue consistency, and short spermatic cord length. AKR1C3 expression was identified at all ages in fibromyocytes surrounding the testicular tubules. Leydig cell expression was absent at Tanner stages 1 and 2, while strong expression was found at Tanner stage 3 and beyond. No AKR1C3 expression was seen in germ cells at any stage. AKR1C3 expression was identified in 18%-26% of Sertoli cells in patients at Tanner stages 2 and beyond. CONCLUSIONS AKR1C3 expression occurs in a Tanner stage dependent-fashion. Pre- and peri-pubertal changes appear to promote expression of the enzyme in Leydig cells. In contrast to the normal adult testis, the pediatric cryptorchid testis reveals AKR1C3 expression in Sertoli cells. Additional studies are warranted to determine the involvement of AKR1C3 in testicular descent and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Ashley
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
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Asano S, Suzuki A, Sekiguchi S, Nishiwaki-Yasuda K, Shibata M, Itoh M. Effects of prostaglandin D2 on Na-dependent phosphate transport activity and its intracellular signaling mechanism in osteoblast-like cells. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2009; 81:247-51. [PMID: 19616422 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2009.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Revised: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic phosphate (Pi) transport probably represents an important function of bone-forming cells in relation to extracellular matrix mineralization. In the present study, we investigated the effect of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) on Pi transport activity and its intracellular signaling mechanism in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells. PGD2 stimulated Na-dependent Pi uptake time- and dose-dependently in MC3T3-E1 cells during their proliferative phase. A protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor calphostin C partially suppressed the stimulatory effect of PGD2 on Pi uptake. The selective inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways such as ERK, p38 and Jun kinases suppressed PGD2-induced Pi uptake. The inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase and S6 kinase reduced this effect of PGD2, while Akt kinase inhibitor did not. These results suggest that PGD2 stimulates Na-dependent Pi transport activity in the phase of proliferation of osteoblasts. The mechanisms responsible for this effect are activation of PKC, MAP kinases, PI 3-kinase and S6 kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Asano
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
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Dozmorov MG, Hurst RE, Culkin DJ, Kropp BP, Frank MB, Osban J, Penning TM, Lin HK. Unique patterns of molecular profiling between human prostate cancer LNCaP and PC-3 cells. Prostate 2009; 69:1077-90. [PMID: 19343732 PMCID: PMC2755240 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human prostate cancer LNCaP and PC-3 cell lines have been extensively used to study prostate cancer progression and to develop therapeutic agents. Although LNCaP and PC-3 cells are generally assumed to represent early and late stages of prostate cancer, respectively, there is limited information regarding gene expression patterns between these two cell lines and its relationship to prostate cancer. METHODS Comprehensive gene expression analysis was performed. Total RNA was isolated from cultured cells and hybridized to Illumina human BeadChips representing 24,526 transcripts. Bioinformatics analysis was applied to identify cell line specific genes as well as biological mechanisms, pathways, and functions related to the genes. RESULTS A total of 2,198 genes were differentially expressed between LNCaP and PC-3 cells. Using a robust statistical analysis and high significance criteria, 115 and 188 genes were identified to be unique to LNCaP and PC-3 cells, respectively. LNCaP cells maintained various metabolic pathways including a gene cluster that encodes UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. Several transcription factors including Tal alpha/beta, GATA-1, and c-Myc/Max may be responsible for regulating LNCaP cell specific genes. By contrast, PC-3 cells were characterized by their unique expression of cytoskeleton-related genes and other genes including VEGFC, IL8, and TGF beta 2. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that LNCaP and PC-3 cells represent two distinct prostate cancer cell lineages. LNCaP cells retain many prostate cell specific properties, whereas PC-3 cells have acquired a more aggressive phenotype. Future studies for prostate cancer research need to consider similarities and differences between these two cells and their relationship to prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail G. Dozmorov
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Robert E. Hurst
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Daniel J. Culkin
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
- klahoma City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Bradley P. Kropp
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Mark Barton Frank
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation Microarray Research Facility, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Jeanette Osban
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation Microarray Research Facility, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Trevor M. Penning
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Hsueh-Kung Lin
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
- klahoma City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
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Xu YH, Zhao LJ, Li Y. Alisol B acetate induces apoptosis of SGC7901 cells via mitochondrial and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases/Akt signaling pathways. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15:2870-7. [PMID: 19533808 PMCID: PMC2699004 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.2870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To examine the effect of alisol B acetate on the growth of human gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 and its possible mechanism of action.
METHODS: The cytotoxic effect of alisol B acetate on SGC7901 cells was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Phase-contrast and electron microscopy were used to observe the morphological changes. Cell cycle and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψm) were determined by flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of apoptosis-regulated gene Bcl-2, Bax, Apaf-1, caspase-3, caspase-9, Akt, P-Akt and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K).
RESULTS: Alisol B acetate inhibited the proliferation of SGC7901 cell line in a time- and dose-dependent manner. PI staining showed that alisol B acetate can change the cell cycle distribution of SGC7901, increase the proportion of cells in G0-G1 phase and decrease the proportion of S phase cells and G2-M phase cells. Alisol B acetate at a concentration of 30 &mgr;mol/L induced apoptosis after 24, 48 and 72 h incubation, with occurrence rates of apoptotic cells of 4.36%, 14.42% and 21.16%, respectively. Phase-contrast and electron microscopy revealed that the nuclear fragmentation and chromosomal condensed, cells shrank and attachment loss appeared in the SGC7901 treated with alisol B acetate. Apoptosis of SGC7901 cells was associated with cell cycle arrest, caspase-3 and caspase-9 activation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and up-regulation of the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and inhibition of the PI3K/Akt.
CONCLUSION: Alisol B acetate exhibits an anti-proliferative effect in SGC7901 cells by inducing apoptosis. Apoptosis of SGC7901 cells involves mitochondria-caspase and PI3K/Akt dependent pathways.
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. Of interest, it seems that ROS manifest dual roles, cancer promoting or cancer suppressing, in tumorigenesis. ROS participate simultaneously in two signaling pathways that have inverse functions in tumorigenesis, Ras-Raf-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway. It is well known that Ras-Raf-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling is related to oncogenesis, while the p38 MAPK pathway contributes to cancer suppression, which involves oncogene-induced senescence, inflammation-induced cellular senescence, replicative senescence, contact inhibition and DNA-damage responses. Thus, ROS may not be an absolute carcinogenic factor or cancer suppressor. The purpose of the present review is to discuss the dual roles of ROS in the pathogenesis of cancer, and the signaling pathway mediating their role in tumorigenesis.
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