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Hoyniak CP, Donohue MR, Luby JL, Barch DM, Zhao P, Smyser CD, Warner B, Rogers CE, Herzog ED, England SK. The association between maternal sleep and circadian rhythms during pregnancy and infant sleep and socioemotional outcomes. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02571-y. [PMID: 39180688 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02571-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Studies have established that maternal sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances during pregnancy are associated with poor prenatal and perinatal outcomes for mothers and offspring. However, little work has explored its effects on infant sleep or socioemotional outcomes. The current study examined the relationship between maternal sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances during pregnancy and infant sleep and socioemotional outcomes in a diverse sample of N = 193 mothers and their infants (51% White; 52% Female; Mage = 11.95 months). Maternal sleep and circadian rhythms during pregnancy were assessed using self-reports and actigraphy. Mothers reported on infants' sleep and socioemotional outcomes when infants were one year old. When controlling for infant sex, age, gestational age at birth, family income-to-needs ratios, and maternal depression, mothers who reported more sleep problems during pregnancy had infants with more sleep disturbances when they were one year old. Moreover, mothers who had later sleep timing (i.e., went to bed and woke up later, measured via actigraphy) during pregnancy had infants with more dysregulation (e.g., increased feeding difficulties, sensory sensitivities) and externalizing problems, and mothers with increased intra-daily variability in rest-activity rhythms (as measured via actigraphy) had infants with more externalizing problems. Findings suggest that maternal sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances during pregnancy may be a risk factor for infant sleep problems and socioemotional difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline P Hoyniak
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 4444 Forest Park Ave, Suite 2100, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA.
| | - Meghan R Donohue
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 4444 Forest Park Ave, Suite 2100, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Joan L Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 4444 Forest Park Ave, Suite 2100, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 4444 Forest Park Ave, Suite 2100, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
- The Program in Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Peinan Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Christopher D Smyser
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Barbara Warner
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Cynthia E Rogers
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 4444 Forest Park Ave, Suite 2100, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Erik D Herzog
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sarah K England
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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2
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Akanalçı C, Bilici S. Biological clock and circadian rhythm of breast milk composition. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:1226-1236. [PMID: 39037117 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2381599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Breast milk provides numerous benefits for both the baby and the mother, making it a unique and valuable food. The World Health Organization and the United Nations International Children's Emergency Found (UNICEF) state that exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months of life is an important strategy for reducing mortality and morbidity in infants. The circadian rhythm formation, which starts in the mother's womb, continues after the baby is born. Breast milk plays an active role in regulating the baby's circadian rhythm through the hormones, basic immune factors and bioactive components it contains, as well as meeting almost all nutritional elements for babies. Since the neural control mechanisms in the newborn are not yet fully developed, breast milk undertakes the task of helping the biological rhythms in the regulation of the infant's sleep-wake cycles, thanks to the circadian rhythm of some elements in its composition. There are studies showing that breast milk contains high levels of cortisol and amino acids that promote activity during the day, while night milk has high levels of melatonin and tryptophan, and micronutrients vary throughout the day. A better understanding of the circadian rhythm displayed by the elements in the composition of breast milk is important for improving maternal and infant health. Since there are many factors affecting the composition of breast milk, it is recommended that breast milk studies should be done on a country or regional basis, and breastfeeding policies can be developed as a result of the results to be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Akanalçı
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ege University, Izmır, Turkey
| | - Saniye Bilici
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Lear CA, Lear BA, Davidson JO, King VJ, Maeda Y, McDouall A, Dhillon SK, Gunn AJ, Bennet L. Dysmaturation of sleep state and electroencephalographic activity after hypoxia-ischaemia in preterm fetal sheep. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:1376-1392. [PMID: 38415649 PMCID: PMC11342719 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x241236014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Antenatal hypoxia-ischaemia (HI) in preterm fetal sheep can trigger delayed evolution of severe, cystic white matter injury (WMI), in a similar timecourse to WMI in preterm infants. We therefore examined how severe hypoxia-ischaemia affects recovery of electroencephalographic (EEG) activity. Chronically instrumented preterm fetal sheep (0.7 gestation) received 25 min of complete umbilical cord occlusion (UCO, n = 9) or sham occlusion (controls, n = 9), and recovered for 21 days. HI was associated with a shift to lower frequency EEG activity for the first 5 days with persisting loss of EEG power in the delta and theta bands, and initial loss of power in the alpha and beta bands in the first 14 days of recovery. In the final 3 days of recovery, there was a marked rhythmic shift towards higher frequency EEG activity after UCO. The UCO group spent less time in high-voltage sleep, and in the early evening (7:02 pm ± 47 min) abruptly stopped cycling between sleep states, with a shift to a high frequency state for 2 h 48 min ± 40 min, with tonic electromyographic activity. These findings demonstrate persisting EEG and sleep state dysmaturation after severe hypoxia-ischaemia. Loss of fetal or neonatal sleep state cycling in the early evening may be a useful biomarker for evolving cystic WMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Lear
- The Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin A Lear
- The Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joanne O Davidson
- The Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Victoria J King
- The Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yoshiki Maeda
- The Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alice McDouall
- The Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Simerdeep K Dhillon
- The Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alistair J Gunn
- The Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Laura Bennet
- The Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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4
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Challet E, Pévet P. Melatonin in energy control: Circadian time-giver and homeostatic monitor. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12961. [PMID: 38751172 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin is a neurohormone synthesized from dietary tryptophan in various organs, including the pineal gland and the retina. In the pineal gland, melatonin is produced at night under the control of the master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus. Under physiological conditions, the pineal gland seems to constitute the unique source of circulating melatonin. Melatonin is involved in cellular metabolism in different ways. First, the circadian rhythm of melatonin helps the maintenance of proper internal timing, the disruption of which has deleterious effects on metabolic health. Second, melatonin modulates lipid metabolism, notably through diminished lipogenesis, and it has an antidiabetic effect, at least in several animal models. Third, pharmacological doses of melatonin have antioxidative, free radical-scavenging, and anti-inflammatory properties in various in vitro cellular models. As a result, melatonin can be considered both a circadian time-giver and a homeostatic monitor of cellular metabolism, via multiple mechanisms of action that are not all fully characterized. Aging, circadian disruption, and artificial light at night are conditions combining increased metabolic risks with diminished circulating levels of melatonin. Accordingly, melatonin supplementation could be of potential therapeutic value in the treatment or prevention of metabolic disorders. More clinical trials in controlled conditions are needed, notably taking greater account of circadian rhythmicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Challet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Paul Pévet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Miike T, Oniki K, Toyoura M, Tonooka S, Tajima S, Kinoshita J, Saruwatari J, Konishi Y. Disruption of Circadian Sleep/Wake Rhythms in Infants May Herald Future Development of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Clocks Sleep 2024; 6:170-182. [PMID: 38534800 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep6010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether the abnormal rhythms in infants are related to the future development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), using a questionnaire from September to October 2016. The parents of 160 children with ASD (male, n = 123; female, n = 37) were recruited from two hospitals in K and H cities, and as a control group, 145 children (male, n = 75; female, n = 70) were recruited from four nursery schools in T city. The associations between ASD and bedtime and waking time on weekdays and weekends in infancy (<1 years of age), at 1-3 years, and at 3-5 years of ages were studied using a multivariable logistic regression analysis. In particular, at <3 years of age, the following factors were associated with an increased prevalence of ASD in the future: (1) short sleep periods (<8 h); (2) taking a long time to fall asleep (>60 min); (3) sleep beginning after 22:00; (4) a wake-up time after 08:00; and (5) frequent (>3 times) and long-term awakening periods (>60 min). The misalignment and/or shift of the circadian rhythm in infants may be one of the precursors and/or risk factors for the future development of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruhisa Miike
- Hyogo Rehabilitation Central Hospital, Children's Sleep and Development Medical Research Center, Kobe 651-2181, Japan
- Department of Child Development, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kentaro Oniki
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Makiko Toyoura
- Hyogo Rehabilitation Central Hospital, Children's Sleep and Development Medical Research Center, Kobe 651-2181, Japan
| | - Shiro Tonooka
- Kagoshima Comprehensive Clinic for Disabled Children, Kagoshima 891-0175, Japan
| | - Seiki Tajima
- Hyogo Rehabilitation Central Hospital, Children's Sleep and Development Medical Research Center, Kobe 651-2181, Japan
| | - Jun Kinoshita
- Japanese Association of Baby Science Learners, Tokushima 770-0052, Japan
| | - Junji Saruwatari
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Yukuo Konishi
- Center for Baby Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto 619-0225, Japan
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Odebrecht Vergne de Abreu AC, Alves Braga de Oliveira M, Alquati T, Tonon AC, de Novaes Reis M, Camargo Rossi A, Sbaraini Bonatto F, Paz Hidalgo M. Use of Light Protection Equipment at Night Reduces Time Until Discharge From the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Randomized Interventional Study. J Biol Rhythms 2024; 39:68-78. [PMID: 37846856 DOI: 10.1177/07487304231201752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Newborn infants' circadian systems are not completely developed and rely on external temporal cues for synchronizing their biological rhythms to the environment. In neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), lighting is usually continuous or irregular and infants are exposed to artificial light at night, which can have negative health consequences. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the use of individual light protection equipment at night on the development and growth of preterm neonates. Infants born at less than 37 gestational weeks who no longer needed constant intensive care were admitted into a newborn nursery and randomized to either use eye masks at night (intervention, n = 21) or not (control, n = 20). Infants who used eye protection at night were discharged earlier than those in the control group (8 [5] vs 12 [3.75] days; p < 0.05). A greater variation within the day in heart rate was observed in the intervention group, with lower values of beats per minute at 1400 and 2000 h. There was no significant difference in weight gain between groups. In view of our results and of previous findings present in the literature, we suggest that combining a darkened environment at night with individual light protection devices creates better conditions for the development of preterm infants in the NICU. In addition, eye masks are an affordable and simple-to-use tool that can reduce hospitalization costs by decreasing the number of days spent in the NICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Odebrecht Vergne de Abreu
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Melissa Alves Braga de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tamila Alquati
- Neonatology Department, Hospital Nossa Senhora de Pompéia, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - André Comiran Tonon
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Novaes Reis
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Augusto Camargo Rossi
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Sbaraini Bonatto
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Paz Hidalgo
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Boiko DI, Chopra H, Bilal M, Kydon PV, Herasymenko LO, Rud VO, Bodnar LA, Vasylyeva GY, Isakov RI, Zhyvotovska LV, Mehta A, Skrypnikov AM. Schizophrenia and disruption of circadian rhythms: An overview of genetic, metabolic and clinical signs. Schizophr Res 2024; 264:58-70. [PMID: 38101179 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
A molecular clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus, which is entrained by the dark-light cycle and controls the sleep-wake cycle, regulates circadian rhythms. The risk of developing mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, has long been linked to sleep abnormalities. Additionally, a common aspect of mental disorders is sleep disturbance, which has a direct impact on the intensity of the symptoms and the quality of life of the patient. This relationship can be explained by gene alterations such as CLOCK in schizophrenia which are also important components of the physiological circadian rhythm. The function of dopamine and adenosine in circadian rhythm should also be noted, as these hypotheses are considered to be the most popular theories explaining schizophrenia pathogenesis. Therefore, determining the presence of a causal link between the two can be key to identifying new potential targets in schizophrenia therapy, which can open new avenues for clinical research as well as psychiatric care. We review circadian disruption in schizophrenia at the genetic, metabolic, and clinical levels. We summarize data about clock and clock-controlled genes' alterations, neurotransmitter systems' impairments, and association with chronotype in schizophrenia patients. Our findings demonstrate that in schizophrenia either homeostatic or circadian processes of sleep regulation are disturbed. Also, we found an insufficient number of studies aimed at studying the relationship between known biological phenomena of circadian disorders and clinical signs of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro I Boiko
- Department of Psychiatry, Narcology and Medical Psychology, Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine.
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Department of Biosciences, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai-602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- College of Pharmacy, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Pavlo V Kydon
- Department of Psychiatry, Narcology and Medical Psychology, Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Larysa O Herasymenko
- Department of Psychiatry, Narcology and Medical Psychology, Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Vadym O Rud
- Department of Psychiatry, Narcology and Medical Psychology, Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Lesia A Bodnar
- Department of Psychiatry, Narcology and Medical Psychology, Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Ganna Yu Vasylyeva
- Department of Psychiatry, Narcology and Medical Psychology, Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Rustam I Isakov
- Department of Psychiatry, Narcology and Medical Psychology, Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Liliia V Zhyvotovska
- Department of Psychiatry, Narcology and Medical Psychology, Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Aashna Mehta
- University of Debrecen, Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrii M Skrypnikov
- Department of Psychiatry, Narcology and Medical Psychology, Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
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Lewis P, Wild U, Pillow JJ, Foster RG, Erren TC. A systematic review of chronobiology for neonatal care units: What we know and what we should consider. Sleep Med Rev 2024; 73:101872. [PMID: 38000120 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
A Cochrane 2016 review indicated cycled light might benefit neonatal health in hospital. We systematically reviewed chronobiological factors for neonatal health in hospital units, identifying 56 relevant studies on light-dark cycles, feeding, noise, massage therapy, rooming-in, incubators vs. cribs, neonatal units vs. homes, and time-of-day of birth. Empirical evidence for benefits from chronobiology is weaker than expected, including light. Mechanisms of clinical benefits are unclear (e.g., changes to sleep/activity vs. other circadian-regulated processes). Regarding light, studies concerning sleep and circadian-related outcomes predominate; yet, neonatologists may be more interested in weight gain and time spent in hospital. Generalisability of findings is limited as most studies targeted neonates in stable condition and without congenital anomalies. Further research is needed, in particular concerning potential circadian entraining signals such as timing of meals or medications. Longer-term outcomes (regarding e.g., neurodevelopment and infection), and who may be at risk from time-of-day of birth effects and why remain to be explored. Overall, there is promise and ample scope for research into how chronobiological factors affect health in hospitalised neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Lewis
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Ursula Wild
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - J Jane Pillow
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia and Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Russell G Foster
- Sir Jules Thorn Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas C Erren
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Méndez N, Corvalan F, Halabi D, Ehrenfeld P, Maldonado R, Vergara K, Seron-Ferre M, Torres-Farfan C. From gestational chronodisruption to noncommunicable diseases: Pathophysiological mechanisms of programming of adult diseases, and the potential therapeutic role of melatonin. J Pineal Res 2023; 75:e12908. [PMID: 37650128 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
During gestation, the developing fetus relies on precise maternal circadian signals for optimal growth and preparation for extrauterine life. These signals regulate the daily delivery of oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other biophysical factors while synchronizing fetal rhythms with the external photoperiod. However, modern lifestyle factors such as light pollution and shift work can induce gestational chronodisruption, leading to the desynchronization of maternal and fetal circadian rhythms. Such disruptions have been associated with adverse effects on cardiovascular, neurodevelopmental, metabolic, and endocrine functions in the fetus, increasing the susceptibility to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in adult life. This aligns with the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease theory, suggesting that early-life exposures can significantly influence health outcomes later in life. The consequences of gestational chronodisruption also extend into adulthood. Environmental factors like diet and stress can exacerbate the adverse effects of these disruptions, underscoring the importance of maintaining a healthy circadian rhythm across the lifespan to prevent NCDs and mitigate the impact of gestational chronodisruption on aging. Research efforts are currently aimed at identifying potential interventions to prevent or mitigate the effects of gestational chronodisruption. Melatonin supplementation during pregnancy emerges as a promising intervention, although further investigation is required to fully understand the precise mechanisms involved and to develop effective strategies for promoting health and preventing NCDs in individuals affected by gestational chronodisruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Méndez
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Fernando Corvalan
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Diego Halabi
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- School of Dentistry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Ehrenfeld
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- School of Dentistry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- School of Dentistry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Karina Vergara
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Maria Seron-Ferre
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- School of Dentistry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile
| | - Claudia Torres-Farfan
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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Van Gilst D, Puchkina AV, Roelants JA, Kervezee L, Dudink J, Reiss IKM, Van Der Horst GTJ, Vermeulen MJ, Chaves I. Effects of the neonatal intensive care environment on circadian health and development of preterm infants. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1243162. [PMID: 37719464 PMCID: PMC10500197 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1243162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian system in mammals ensures adaptation to the light-dark cycle on Earth and imposes 24-h rhythmicity on metabolic, physiological and behavioral processes. The central circadian pacemaker is located in the brain and is entrained by environmental signals called Zeitgebers. From here, neural, humoral and systemic signals drive rhythms in peripheral clocks in nearly every mammalian tissue. During pregnancy, disruption of the complex interplay between the mother's rhythmic signals and the fetal developing circadian system can lead to long-term health consequences in the offspring. When an infant is born very preterm, it loses the temporal signals received from the mother prematurely and becomes totally dependent on 24/7 care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), where day/night rhythmicity is usually blurred. In this literature review, we provide an overview of the fetal and neonatal development of the circadian system, and short-term consequences of disruption of this process as occurs in the NICU environment. Moreover, we provide a theoretical and molecular framework of how this disruption could lead to later-life disease. Finally, we discuss studies that aim to improve health outcomes after preterm birth by studying the effects of enhancing rhythmicity in light and noise exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Van Gilst
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - A. V. Puchkina
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - J. A. Roelants
- Department of Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - L. Kervezee
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - J. Dudink
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - I. K. M. Reiss
- Department of Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - G. T. J. Van Der Horst
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - M. J. Vermeulen
- Department of Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - I. Chaves
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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11
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Van der Linden IA, Hazelhoff EM, De Groot ER, Vijlbrief DC, Schlangen LJM, De Kort YAW, Vermeulen MJ, Van Gilst D, Dudink J, Kervezee L. Characterizing light-dark cycles in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: a retrospective observational study. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1217660. [PMID: 37664437 PMCID: PMC10469299 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1217660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To characterize bedside 24-h patterns in light exposure in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and to explore the environmental and individual patient characteristics that influence these patterns in this clinical setting. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study that included 79 very preterm infants who stayed in an incubator with a built-in light sensor. Bedside light exposure was measured continuously (one value per minute). Based on these data, various metrics (including relative amplitude, intradaily variability, and interdaily stability) were calculated to characterize the 24-h patterns of light exposure. Next, we determined the association between these metrics and various environmental and individual patient characteristics. Results: A 24-h light-dark cycle was apparent in the NICU with significant differences in light exposure between the three nurse shifts (p < 0.001), with the highest values in the morning and the lowest values at night. Light exposure was generally low, with illuminances rarely surpassing 75 lux, and highly variable between patients and across days within a single patient. Furthermore, the season of birth and phototherapy had a significant effect on 24-h light-dark cycles, whereas no effect of bed location and illness severity were observed. Conclusion: Even without an official lighting regime set, a 24-h light-dark cycle was observed in the NICU. Various rhythmicity metrics can be used to characterize 24-h light-dark cycles in a clinical setting and to study the relationship between light patterns and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle A. Van der Linden
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Esther M. Hazelhoff
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cellular and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Eline R. De Groot
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Daniel C. Vijlbrief
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Luc J. M. Schlangen
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Yvonne A. W. De Kort
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Marijn J. Vermeulen
- Department of Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC—Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Demy Van Gilst
- Department of Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC—Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Dudink
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Laura Kervezee
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cellular and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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12
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Reynolds AM, Spaeth AM, Hale L, Williamson AA, LeBourgeois MK, Wong SD, Hartstein LE, Levenson JC, Kwon M, Hart CN, Greer A, Richardson CE, Gradisar M, Clementi MA, Simon SL, Reuter-Yuill LM, Picchietti DL, Wild S, Tarokh L, Sexton-Radek K, Malow BA, Lenker KP, Calhoun SL, Johnson DA, Lewin D, Carskadon MA. Pediatric sleep: current knowledge, gaps, and opportunities for the future. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad060. [PMID: 36881684 PMCID: PMC10334737 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This White Paper addresses the current gaps in knowledge, as well as opportunities for future studies in pediatric sleep. The Sleep Research Society's Pipeline Development Committee assembled a panel of experts tasked to provide information to those interested in learning more about the field of pediatric sleep, including trainees. We cover the scope of pediatric sleep, including epidemiological studies and the development of sleep and circadian rhythms in early childhood and adolescence. Additionally, we discuss current knowledge of insufficient sleep and circadian disruption, addressing the neuropsychological impact (affective functioning) and cardiometabolic consequences. A significant portion of this White Paper explores pediatric sleep disorders (including circadian rhythm disorders, insomnia, restless leg and periodic limb movement disorder, narcolepsy, and sleep apnea), as well as sleep and neurodevelopment disorders (e.g. autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). Finally, we end with a discussion on sleep and public health policy. Although we have made strides in our knowledge of pediatric sleep, it is imperative that we address the gaps to the best of our knowledge and the pitfalls of our methodologies. For example, more work needs to be done to assess pediatric sleep using objective methodologies (i.e. actigraphy and polysomnography), to explore sleep disparities, to improve accessibility to evidence-based treatments, and to identify potential risks and protective markers of disorders in children. Expanding trainee exposure to pediatric sleep and elucidating future directions for study will significantly improve the future of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea M Spaeth
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Lauren Hale
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Ariel A Williamson
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Monique K LeBourgeois
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Sachi D Wong
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Lauren E Hartstein
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jessica C Levenson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Misol Kwon
- Division of Sleep Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Chantelle N Hart
- The Center for Obesity Research and Education, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- The Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ashley Greer
- The Center for Obesity Research and Education, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cele E Richardson
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Michelle A Clementi
- Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Stacey L Simon
- Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lilith M Reuter-Yuill
- Comprehensive Speech and Therapy Center, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Daniel L Picchietti
- University of Illinois School of Medicine, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Carle Foundation Hospital, and University of Illinois School of Medicine, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Salome Wild
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Leila Tarokh
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Beth A Malow
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Burry Chair in Cognitive Childhood Development, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Sleep Disorders Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kristina P Lenker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Susan L Calhoun
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Dayna A Johnson
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daniel Lewin
- Department of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mary A Carskadon
- Bradley Hospital Sleep Lab, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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13
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Lear CA, Maeda Y, King VJ, Dhillon SK, Beacom MJ, Gunning MI, Lear BA, Davidson JO, Stone PR, Ikeda T, Gunn AJ, Bennet L. Circadian patterns of heart rate variability in fetal sheep after hypoxia-ischaemia: A biomarker of evolving brain injury. J Physiol 2023. [PMID: 37432936 DOI: 10.1113/jp284560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-ischaemia (HI) before birth is a key risk factor for stillbirth and severe neurodevelopmental disability in survivors, including cerebral palsy, although there are no reliable biomarkers to detect at risk fetuses that may have suffered a transient period of severe HI. We investigated time and frequency domain measures of fetal heart rate variability (FHRV) for 3 weeks after HI in preterm fetal sheep at 0.7 gestation (equivalent to preterm humans) until 0.8 gestation (equivalent to term humans). We have previously shown that this is associated with delayed development of severe white and grey matter injury, including cystic white matter injury (WMI) resembling that observed in human preterm infants. HI was associated with suppression of time and frequency domain measures of FHRV and reduced their circadian rhythmicity during the first 3 days of recovery. By contrast, circadian rhythms of multiple measures of FHRV were exaggerated over the final 2 weeks of recovery, mediated by a greater reduction in FHRV during the morning nadir, but no change in the evening peak. These data suggest that the time of day at which FHRV measurements are taken affects their diagnostic utility. We further propose that circadian changes in FHRV may be a low-cost, easily applied biomarker of antenatal HI and evolving brain injury. KEY POINTS: Hypoxia-ischaemia (HI) before birth is a key risk factor for stillbirth and probably for disability in survivors, although there are no reliable biomarkers for antenatal brain injury. In preterm fetal sheep, acute HI that is known to lead to delayed development of severe white and grey matter injury over 3 weeks, was associated with early suppression of multiple time and frequency domain measures of fetal heart rate variability (FHRV) and loss of their circadian rhythms during the first 3 days after HI. Over the final 2 weeks of recovery after HI, exaggerated circadian rhythms of frequency domain FHRV measures were observed. The morning nadirs were lower with no change in the evening peak of FHRV. Circadian changes in FHRV may be a low-cost, easily applied biomarker of antenatal HI and evolving brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Lear
- Department of Physiology, Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yoshiki Maeda
- Department of Physiology, Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | - Victoria J King
- Department of Physiology, Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Simerdeep K Dhillon
- Department of Physiology, Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael J Beacom
- Department of Physiology, Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mark I Gunning
- Department of Physiology, Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin A Lear
- Department of Physiology, Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joanne O Davidson
- Department of Physiology, Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter R Stone
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tomoaki Ikeda
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | - Alistair J Gunn
- Department of Physiology, Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Laura Bennet
- Department of Physiology, Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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14
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Kaneko H, Kaitsuka T, Tomizawa K. Artificial induction of circadian rhythm by combining exogenous BMAL1 expression and polycomb repressive complex 2 inhibition in human induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:200. [PMID: 37421441 PMCID: PMC11072008 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04847-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the physiology of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is necessary for directed differentiation, mimicking embryonic development, and regenerative medicine applications. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) exhibit unique abilities such as self-renewal and pluripotency, but they lack some functions that are associated with normal somatic cells. One such function is the circadian oscillation of clock genes; however, whether or not PSCs demonstrate this capability remains unclear. In this study, the reason why circadian rhythm does not oscillate in human iPSCs was examined. This phenomenon may be due to the transcriptional repression of clock genes resulting from the hypermethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27), or it may be due to the low levels of brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (BMAL1) protein. Therefore, BMAL1-overexpressing cells were generated and pre-treated with GSK126, an inhibitor of enhancer of zest homologue 2 (EZH2), which is a methyltransferase of H3K27 and a component of polycomb repressive complex 2. Consequently, a significant circadian rhythm following endogenous BMAL1, period 2 (PER2), and other clock gene expression was induced by these two factors, suggesting a candidate mechanism for the lack of rhythmicity of clock gene expression in iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Kaneko
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Taku Kaitsuka
- School of Pharmacy at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, Enokizu 137-1, Okawa, Fukuoka, 831-8501, Japan.
| | - Kazuhito Tomizawa
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
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15
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Aizawa M, Murakami K, Takahashi I, Onuma T, Noda A, Ueno F, Matsuzaki F, Ishikuro M, Obara T, Hamada H, Iwama N, Saito M, Sugawara J, Yaegashi N, Kuriyama S. Association between frequency of breakfast intake before and during pregnancy and infant birth weight: the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:268. [PMID: 37076802 PMCID: PMC10114420 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05603-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low birth weight is associated with an increased risk of developing chronic diseases in adulthood, with a particularly high incidence in Japan among developed countries. Maternal undernutrition is a risk factor for low birth weight, but the association between the timing of food intake and infant birth weight has not been investigated. This study aimed to examine the association between breakfast intake frequency among Japanese pregnant women and infant birth weight. METHODS Of all pregnant women who participated in the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Three Generation Cohort Study, 16,820 who answered the required questions were included in the analysis. The frequency of breakfast intake from pre- to early pregnancy and from early to mid-pregnancy was classified into four groups: every day and 5-6, 3-4, and 0-2 times/week. Multivariate linear regression models were constructed to examine the association between breakfast intake frequency among pregnant women and infant birth weight. RESULTS The percentage of pregnant women who consumed breakfast daily was 74% in the pre- to early pregnancy period and 79% in the early to mid-pregnancy period. The average infant birth weight was 3,071 g. Compared to women who had breakfast daily from pre- to early pregnancy, those who had breakfast 0-2 times/week had lower infant birth weight (β = -38.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -56.5, -20.0). Similarly, compared to women who had breakfast daily from early to mid-pregnancy, those who had breakfast 0-2 times/week had lower infant birth weight (β = -41.5, 95% CI: -63.3, -19.6). CONCLUSIONS Less frequent breakfast intake before and mid-pregnancy was associated with lower infant birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misato Aizawa
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiko Murakami
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan.
| | - Ippei Takahashi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomomi Onuma
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan
| | - Aoi Noda
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Ueno
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan
| | - Fumiko Matsuzaki
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan
| | - Mami Ishikuro
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan
| | - Taku Obara
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Hamada
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Iwama
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Saito
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Junichi Sugawara
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
- Suzuki Memorial Hospital, Iwanuma, Japan
| | - Nobuo Yaegashi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kuriyama
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan
- International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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16
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James KA, Stromin JI, Steenkamp N, Combrinck MI. Understanding the relationships between physiological and psychosocial stress, cortisol and cognition. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1085950. [PMID: 36950689 PMCID: PMC10025564 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1085950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is viewed as a state of real or perceived threat to homeostasis, the management of which involves the endocrine, nervous, and immune systems. These systems work independently and interactively as part of the stress response. The scientific stress literature, which spans both animal and human studies, contains heterogeneous findings about the effects of stress on the brain and the body. This review seeks to summarise and integrate literature on the relationships between these systems, examining particularly the roles of physiological and psychosocial stress, the stress hormone cortisol, as controlled by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and the effects of stress on cognitive functioning. Health conditions related to impaired HPA axis functioning and their associated neuropsychiatric symptoms will also be considered. Lastly, this review will provide suggestions of clinical applicability for endocrinologists who are uniquely placed to measure outcomes related to endocrine, nervous and immune system functioning and identify areas of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Ann James
- Applied Cognitive Science and Experimental Neuropsychology Team (ACSENT) Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Juliet Ilena Stromin
- Applied Cognitive Science and Experimental Neuropsychology Team (ACSENT) Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nina Steenkamp
- Applied Cognitive Science and Experimental Neuropsychology Team (ACSENT) Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marc Irwin Combrinck
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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17
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Therapeutic effects of melatonin on endometriosis, targeting molecular pathways: Current knowledge and future perspective. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 243:154368. [PMID: 36774757 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis, the very serious disease in women creates a huge financial burden worldwide, which is comparable to diabetes mellitus. In addition to the typical pelvic pain, endometriosis is related to low life quality and decreased work efficiency; clinical consequences include mood complaints, metabolic impairments, inflammation, immunologic problems, and elevated malignancy risks. Several risk factors are correlated with endometriosis including elevated oxidative and nitrosative stress, long-lasting inflammation, raised immune tolerance, as well as autoimmunity. Melatonin is a natural molecule present throughout both the plant and animal kingdoms. It has numerous functions as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Due to the anti-proliferative, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-invasive features of melatonin, it performances as a beneficial agent to limit endometriosis; this involves several pathways including antiestrogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptosis effects, as well as reducing the growth of E2-induced endometriotic tissue. Moreover, melatonin can favor sleep quality and decrease the unwanted signs in the patients. However, most of the data on melatonin accured from experimental works and additional clinical trials are needed. This review summarizes what is currently known regarding the influence of melatonin on endometriosis. AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIAL: Not applicable.
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18
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Hall K, Patel R, Evans J, Greenwood R, Hicks J. The relationship between perinatal circadian rhythm and postnatal depression: an overview, hypothesis, and recommendations for practice. SLEEP SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s41606-022-00081-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPostnatal depression (PND) is an important public health problem with far-reaching consequences for mothers, families, and society. Current treatment approaches tend to focus on the depressive symptoms of the mother. We propose the need for a shift in the conceptualisation of PND and its management, by focusing on circadian rhythm as an early manifestation of mother-infant synchrony. We have reviewed the relevant interdisciplinary literature to formulate a hypothesis and suggest recommendations for practice. We hypothesise that, after a mother’s circadian rhythm becomes ‘desynchronised’ immediately following birth, persistence of this disruption is implicated in the development of PND. This has important implications for novel treatment strategies in the critical and vulnerable postnatal period, for example the use of outdoor-based interventions and light.
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Wong SD, Wright KP, Spencer RL, Vetter C, Hicks LM, Jenni OG, LeBourgeois MK. Development of the circadian system in early life: maternal and environmental factors. J Physiol Anthropol 2022; 41:22. [PMID: 35578354 PMCID: PMC9109407 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-022-00294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, an adaptable internal biological system generates circadian rhythms that maintain synchronicity of behavior and physiology with the changing demands of the 24-h environment. Development of the circadian system begins in utero and continues throughout the first few years of life. Maturation of the clock can be measured through sleep/wake patterns and hormone secretion. Circadian rhythms, by definition, can persist in the absence of environmental input; however, their ability to adjust to external time cues is vital for adaptation and entrainment to the environment. The significance of these external factors that influence the emergence of a stable circadian clock in the first years of life remain poorly understood. Infants raised in our post-modern world face adverse external circadian signals, such as artificial light and mistimed hormonal cues via breast milk, which may increase interference with the physiological mechanisms that promote circadian synchronization. This review describes the very early developmental stages of the clock and common circadian misalignment scenarios that make the developing circadian system more susceptible to conflicting time cues and temporal disorder between the maternal, fetal, infant, and peripheral clocks.
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20
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Dai HR, Guo HL, Hu YH, Xu J, Ding XS, Cheng R, Chen F. Precision caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity and circadian rhythms: New possibilities open up. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1053210. [PMID: 36532766 PMCID: PMC9753576 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1053210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Caffeine is the globally consumed psychoactive substance and the drug of choice for the treatment of apnea of prematurity (AOP), but its therapeutic effects are highly variable among preterm infants. Many of the molecular underpinnings of the marked individual response have remained elusive yet. Interestingly, the significant association between Clock gene polymorphisms and the response to caffeine therapy offers an opportunity to advance our understanding of potential mechanistic pathways. In this review, we delineate the functions and mechanisms of human circadian rhythms. An up-to-date advance of the formation and ontogeny of human circadian rhythms during the perinatal period are concisely discussed. Specially, we summarize and discuss the characteristics of circadian rhythms in preterm infants. Second, we discuss the role of caffeine consumption on the circadian rhythms in animal models and human, especially in neonates and preterm infants. Finally, we postulate how circadian-based therapeutic initiatives could open new possibilities to promote precision caffeine therapy for the AOP management in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ran Dai
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Li Guo
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya-Hui Hu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuan-Sheng Ding
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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21
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Lin J, Sun X, Dai X, Zhang S, Zhang X, Wang Q, Zheng Q, Huang M, He Y, Lin R. Integrated Proteomics and Metabolomics Analysis in Pregnant Rat Hippocampus After Circadian Rhythm Inversion. Front Physiol 2022; 13:941585. [PMID: 35936909 PMCID: PMC9355539 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.941585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the changes in proteins, metabolites, and related mechanisms in the hypothalamus of pregnant rats after circadian rhythm inversion during the whole pregnancy cycle. A total of 12 Wistar female rats aged 7 weeks were randomly divided into control (six rats) and experimental (six rats) groups at the beginning of pregnancy. The control group followed a 12-h light and dark cycle (6 a.m. to 6 p.m. light, 6 p.m. to 6 a.m. dark the next day), and the experimental group followed a completely inverted circadian rhythm (6 p.m. to 6 a.m. light the next day, 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. dark). Postpartum data were collected until 7–24 h after delivery, and hypothalamus samples were collected in two groups for quantitative proteomic and metabolism analyses. The differential proteins and metabolites of the two groups were screened by univariate combined with multivariate statistical analyses, and the differential proteins and metabolites enriched pathways were annotated with relevant databases to analyze the potential mechanisms after circadian rhythm inversion. A comparison of postpartum data showed that circadian rhythm inversion can affect the number of offspring and the average weight of offspring in pregnant rats. Compared with the control group, the expression of 20 proteins and 37 metabolites was significantly changed in the experimental group. The integrated analysis between proteins and metabolites found that RGD1562758 and lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1) proteins were closely associated with carbon metabolism (choline, NAD+, L-glutamine, theobromine, D-fructose, and pyruvate) and glycerophospholipid metabolism (choline, NAD+, L-glutamine, phosphatidylcholine, theobromine, D-fructose, pyruvate, and arachidonate). Moreover, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the differential metabolites enriched in adenosine triphosphate (ATP)–binding cassette (ABC) transporters. Our study suggested that circadian rhythm inversion in pregnant rats may affect the numbers, the average weight of offspring, and the expressions of proteins and metabolism in the hypothalamus, which may provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular profile of circadian rhythm inversion in pregnant groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Lin
- School of Nursing Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China
| | - Xinyue Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China
| | - Xiaofeng Dai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China
| | | | - Xueling Zhang
- School of Nursing Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China
| | - Qiaosong Wang
- School of Nursing Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China
| | - Qirong Zheng
- School of Nursing Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China
| | - Minfang Huang
- School of Nursing Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China
| | - Yuanyuan He
- School of Nursing Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China
| | - Rongjin Lin
- School of Nursing Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China
- *Correspondence: Rongjin Lin,
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22
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Park J, Kim SY, Lee K. Effectiveness of behavioral sleep interventions on children's and mothers' sleep quality and maternal depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4172. [PMID: 35264627 PMCID: PMC8907206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07762-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of behavioral sleep interventions (BSIs) on the number of child night awakenings, and maternal sleep quality and depression. The search followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PRISMA) using PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases and retrieved studies published until April 2021. We calculated the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for child sleep problems, and the mean differences (MD) and 95% CI for the number of child night awakenings, and maternal sleep quality and depression. Ten studies of 1628 initial searched were included in the final analysis. Two of the 10 studies were divided into two subgroups by participants and intervention type; thus, 12 subgroups were included in the meta-analysis. BSIs significantly reduced child sleep problems (OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.37-0.69) and improved maternal sleep quality (MD - 1.30; 95% CI - 1.82 to - 0.77) in the intervention group. There were no significant differences in the number of child night awakenings and maternal depression between the two groups. More RCTs to examine the effect of BSIs considering children's age, duration of intervention, and outcome measuring time points are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongok Park
- Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, 616 College of Nursing, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Kim
- Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, 616 College of Nursing, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Kyoungjin Lee
- Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, 616 College of Nursing, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
- College of Nursing and Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
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23
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Bery A, Bagchi U, Bergen AA, Felder-Schmittbuhl MP. Circadian clocks, retinogenesis and ocular health in vertebrates: new molecular insights. Dev Biol 2022; 484:40-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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24
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Hansell JA, Richter HG, Camm EJ, Herrera EA, Blanco CE, Villamor E, Patey OV, Lock MC, Trafford AW, Galli GLJ, Giussani DA. Maternal melatonin: Effective intervention against developmental programming of cardiovascular dysfunction in adult offspring of complicated pregnancy. J Pineal Res 2022; 72:e12766. [PMID: 34634151 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Adopting an integrative approach, by combining studies of cardiovascular function with those at cellular and molecular levels, this study investigated whether maternal treatment with melatonin protects against programmed cardiovascular dysfunction in the offspring using an established rodent model of hypoxic pregnancy. Wistar rats were divided into normoxic (N) or hypoxic (H, 10% O2 ) pregnancy ± melatonin (M) treatment (5 μg·ml-1 .day-1 ) in the maternal drinking water. Hypoxia ± melatonin treatment was from day 15-20 of gestation (term is ca. 22 days). To control for possible effects of maternal hypoxia-induced reductions in maternal food intake, additional dams underwent pregnancy under normoxic conditions but were pair-fed (PF) to the daily amount consumed by hypoxic dams from day 15 of gestation. In one cohort of animals from each experimental group (N, NM, H, HM, PF, PFM), measurements were made at the end of gestation. In another, following delivery of the offspring, investigations were made at adulthood. In both fetal and adult offspring, fixed aorta and hearts were studied stereologically and frozen hearts were processed for molecular studies. In adult offspring, mesenteric vessels were isolated and vascular reactivity determined by in-vitro wire myography. Melatonin treatment during normoxic, hypoxic or pair-fed pregnancy elevated circulating plasma melatonin in the pregnant dam and fetus. Relative to normoxic pregnancy, hypoxic pregnancy increased fetal haematocrit, promoted asymmetric fetal growth restriction and resulted in accelerated postnatal catch-up growth. Whilst fetal offspring of hypoxic pregnancy showed aortic wall thickening, adult offspring of hypoxic pregnancy showed dilated cardiomyopathy. Similarly, whilst cardiac protein expression of eNOS was downregulated in the fetal heart, eNOS protein expression was elevated in the heart of adult offspring of hypoxic pregnancy. Adult offspring of hypoxic pregnancy further showed enhanced mesenteric vasoconstrictor reactivity to phenylephrine and the thromboxane mimetic U46619. The effects of hypoxic pregnancy on cardiovascular remodelling and function in the fetal and adult offspring were independent of hypoxia-induced reductions in maternal food intake. Conversely, the effects of hypoxic pregnancy on fetal and postanal growth were similar in pair-fed pregnancies. Whilst maternal treatment of normoxic or pair-fed pregnancies with melatonin on the offspring cardiovascular system was unremarkable, treatment of hypoxic pregnancies with melatonin in doses lower than those recommended for overcoming jet lag in humans enhanced fetal cardiac eNOS expression and prevented all alterations in cardiovascular structure and function in fetal and adult offspring. Therefore, the data support that melatonin is a potential therapeutic target for clinical intervention against developmental origins of cardiovascular dysfunction in pregnancy complicated by chronic fetal hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Hansell
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hans G Richter
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Emily J Camm
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emilio A Herrera
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos E Blanco
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eduardo Villamor
- Department of Pediatrics, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Olga V Patey
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mitchell C Lock
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew W Trafford
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gina L J Galli
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Dino A Giussani
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge BHF Centre for Research Excellence, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Strategic Research Initiative in Reproduction, Cambridge, UK
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25
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Bagci S, Wieduwilt A, Alsat EA, Blickwedel J, Strizek B, Di Battista C, Lachner A, Plischke H, Melaku T, Müller A. Biodynamic lighting conditions preserve nocturnal melatonin production in pregnant women during hospitalization: A randomized prospective pilot study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1043366. [PMID: 36568081 PMCID: PMC9774480 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1043366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Maternal circadian rhythms are important for maintaining maternal and fetal homeostasis. The maternal circadian system coordinates the internal clock of the fetus with environmental lighting conditions via the melatonin signal. The intensity and wavelength of daylight influence nocturnal melatonin production. This study aims to evaluate the effect of environmental lighting conditions on melatonin production in pregnant women with reduced mobility during hospitalization. METHODS We installed a human-centric lighting system with biodynamic effects (BDL, biodynamic lighting) in the patient rooms. The pregnant women in the patient rooms with standard indoor conditions served as a control group. The illuminance (lux) and dose of effective circadian irradiation (Hec) were recorded every 10 seconds by light dosimeters (Lucerne University, Switzerland) attached to the patients` clothing. RESULTS We analyzed the illuminance status of 47 pregnant women with a median (IQR) gestational age of 29.9 (25.4-32.3) weeks of gestation. The median illuminance in the control group was significantly lower (p<0.05) than in the BDL group in the morning and afternoon from day 1 to 5. BDL patients had a significantly higher effective circadian irradiation in the morning. The effective circadian irradiation showed a significant daily rhythm only in the BDL group. The BDL group had a significantly higher melatonin production on day 3 (p=0.006) and day 5 (p=0.012) than the control group median (IQR) nocturnal 6-Sulfatoxymelatonin excretion 15840 (10140-22160) ng/12h vs. 6141 (2080-11328) ng/12h on day 3 and 18780 (11320-23562) ng/12h vs. 6380 (3500-17600) ng/12h on day 5). CONCLUSION We have demonstrated that dramatically altered lighting conditions of hospitalized pregnant women may be optimized by installing biodynamic lighting systems in the patient rooms resulting in the maintenance of nocturnal melatonin production in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyhan Bagci
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- *Correspondence: Soyhan Bagci,
| | - Astrid Wieduwilt
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ebru Aileen Alsat
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jana Blickwedel
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Brigitte Strizek
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Agnes Lachner
- Applied Sciences, Munich University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Tamene Melaku
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Müller
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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26
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Wang J, Liu S, Guo J, Xiao R, Yu J, Luo X, Xu Y, Zhao Y, Cui Y, Gu Y, Cai L, Zhang B. Chronotypes, Sleep and Mental Distress Among Chinese College Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:883484. [PMID: 35693958 PMCID: PMC9177998 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.883484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the chronotypes and their relationship with sleep disturbances and mental distress among college students. METHODS Students from a university in Guangzhou, China, were recruited through a cross-sectional online survey. Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires including socio-demographics, lifestyles and health conditions, sleep patterns on weekdays and weekends, as well as the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ), the Insomnia Severity Index, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory-13, and the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale. Multivariate analyses were performed to examine the associations of chronotypes with sleep compensation, sleep disturbances, and mental distress. RESULTS A total of 1,607 questionnaires were received, among which 1,569 (97.6%) were valid for further analysis. Among these participants [mean age 19.86 ± 1.16 (15-27) years], morning types (M-types), intermediate types (I-types), and evening types (E-types) accounted for 14.9, 71.5, and 13.6%, respectively. The regression analysis revealed that E-types were positively associated with long sleep compensation on weekends (adjusted OR 2.443, 95%CI 1.740-3.429) compared with I-types, while M-types were the opposite (adjusted OR 0.623, 95%CI 0.392-0.990). E-types were also positively correlated with insomnia symptoms (adjusted OR 2.000, 95%CI 1.428-2.801), depressive symptoms (adjusted OR 2.068, 95%CI 1.496-2.858), and anxiety symptoms (adjusted OR 2.188, 95%CI 1.387-3.451). However, no significant association was found between chronotypes and excessive daytime sleepiness. CONCLUSION Our study found that E-types were associated with long sleep compensation on weekends and insomnia, depression, and anxiety symptoms. Our findings emphasized the importance of early recognition and intervention of E-types and their accompanied sleep problems and mental distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junlong Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Psychosomatic Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Panzhihua, Panzhihua, China
| | - Xian Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingru Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Gu
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lidan Cai
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Richter HG, Mendez N, Halabi D, Torres-Farfan C, Spichiger C. New integrative approaches to discovery of pathophysiological mechanisms triggered by night shift work. Chronobiol Int 2021; 39:269-284. [PMID: 34727788 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1994984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Synchronization to periodic cues such as food/water availability and light/dark cycles is crucial for living organisms' homeostasis. Both factors have been heavily influenced by human activity, with artificial light at night (ALAN) being an evolutionary challenge imposed over roughly the last century. Evidence from studies in humans and animal models shows that overt circadian misalignment, such as that imposed to about 20% of the workforce by night shift work (NSW), negatively impinges on the internal temporal order of endocrinology, physiology, metabolism, and behavior. Moreover, NSW is often associated to mistimed feeding, with both unnatural behaviors being known to increase the risk of chronic diseases, such as eating disorders, overweight, obesity, cardiovascular, metabolic (particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus) and gastrointestinal disorders, some types of cancer, as well as mental disease including sleep disturbances, cognitive disorders, and depression. Regarding deleterious effects of ALAN on reproduction, increased risk of miscarriage, preterm delivery and low birth weight have been reported in shift-worker women. These mounting lines of evidence prompt further efforts to advance our understanding of the effects of long-term NSW on health. Emerging data suggest that NSW with or without mistimed feeding modify gene expression and functional readouts in different tissues/organs, which seem to translate into persistent cardiometabolic and endocrine dysfunction. However, this research avenue still faces multiple challenges, such as functional characterization of new experimental models more closely resembling human long-term NSW and mistimed feeding in males versus females; studying further target organs; identifying molecular changes by means of deep multi-omics analyses; and exploring biomarkers of NSW with translational medicine potential. Using high-throughput and systems biology is a relatively new approach to study NSW, aimed to generate experiments addressing new biological factors, pathways, and mechanisms, going beyond the boundaries of the circadian clock molecular machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans G Richter
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Natalia Mendez
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Diego Halabi
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Instituto de Odontoestomatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Claudia Torres-Farfan
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carlos Spichiger
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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28
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Ivanov D, Mironova E, Polyakova V, Evsyukova I, Osetrov M, Kvetnoy I, Nasyrov R. Sudden infant death syndrome: Melatonin, serotonin, and CD34 factor as possible diagnostic markers and prophylactic targets. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256197. [PMID: 34506527 PMCID: PMC8432873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is one of the primary causes of death of infants in the first year of life. According to the WHO's data, the global infant mortality rate is 0.64-2 per 1,000 live-born children. Molecular and cellular aspects of SIDS development have not been identified so far. The purpose of this paper is to verify and analyze the expression of melatonin 1 and 2 receptors, serotonin (as a melatonin precursor), and CD34 molecules (as hematopoietic and endothelial markers of cardiovascular damage) in the medulla, heart, and aorta in infants who died from SIDS. An immunohistochemical method was used to investigate samples of medulla, heart, and aorta tissues of infants 3 to 9 months of age who died from SIDS. The control group included children who died from accidents. It has been shown that the expression of melatonin receptors as well as serotonin and CD34 angiogenesis markers in tissues of the medulla, heart, and aorta of infants who died from SIDS is statistically lower as compared with their expression in the same tissues in children who died from accidents. The obtained data help to clarify in detail the role of melatonin and such signaling molecules as serotonin and CD34 in SIDS pathogenesis, which can open new prospects for devising novel methods for predictive diagnosis of development and targeted prophylaxis of SIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Ivanov
- Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Mironova
- Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Victoria Polyakova
- Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Inna Evsyukova
- Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Michail Osetrov
- Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Igor Kvetnoy
- Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Saint-Petersburg State University, University Embankment, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Ruslan Nasyrov
- Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
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29
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Demarez C, De Assis LVM, Krohn M, Ramella N, Schwaninger M, Oster H, Astiz M. The trophoblast clock controls transport across placenta in mice. Development 2021; 148:256558. [PMID: 33913482 DOI: 10.1242/dev.197673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, 24-h rhythms of physiology and behavior are organized by a body-wide network of clock genes and proteins. Despite the well-known function of the adult circadian system, the roles of maternal, fetal and placental clocks during pregnancy are poorly defined. In the mature mouse placenta, the labyrinth zone (LZ) is of fetal origin and key for selective nutrient and waste exchange. Recently, clock gene expression has been detected in LZ and other fetal tissues; however, there is no evidence of a placental function controlled by the LZ clock. Here, we demonstrate that specifically the trophoblast layer of the LZ harbors an already functional clock by late gestation, able to regulate in a circadian manner the expression and activity of the xenobiotic efflux pump, ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 (ABCB1), likely gating the fetal exposure to drugs from the maternal circulation to certain times of the day. As more than 300 endogenous and exogenous compounds are substrates of ABCB1, our results might have implications in choosing the maternal treatment time when aiming either maximal/minimal drug availability to the fetus/mother.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Demarez
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck. Marie-Curie-Straße, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Markus Krohn
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck. Marie-Curie-Straße, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nahuel Ramella
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calles 60 y 120, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck. Marie-Curie-Straße, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck. Marie-Curie-Straße, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mariana Astiz
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck. Marie-Curie-Straße, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
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30
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Hazelhoff EM, Dudink J, Meijer JH, Kervezee L. Beginning to See the Light: Lessons Learned From the Development of the Circadian System for Optimizing Light Conditions in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:634034. [PMID: 33815040 PMCID: PMC8013699 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.634034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian timing system optimizes health by temporally coordinating behavior and physiology. During mammalian gestation, fetal circadian rhythms are synchronized by the daily fluctuations in maternal body temperature, hormones and nutrients. Circadian disruption during pregnancy is associated with negative effects on developmental outcomes in the offspring, highlighting the importance of regular and robust 24-h rhythms over gestation. In the case of preterm birth (before 37 weeks of gestation), maternal cues no longer synchronize the neonate's circadian system, which may adversely affect the neonate. There is increasing evidence that introducing robust light-dark cycles in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit has beneficial effects on clinical outcomes in preterm infants, such as weight gain and hospitalization time, compared to infants exposed to constant light or constant near-darkness. However, the biological basis for these effects and the relationship with the functional and anatomical development of the circadian system is not fully understood. In this review, we provide a concise overview of the effects of light-dark cycles on clinical outcomes of preterm neonates in the NICU and its alignment with the development of the circadian system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther M. Hazelhoff
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cellular and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Dudink
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital and Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johanna H. Meijer
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cellular and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Laura Kervezee
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cellular and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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31
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Maternal Melatonin Deficiency Leads to Endocrine Pathologies in Children in Early Ontogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042058. [PMID: 33669686 PMCID: PMC7922827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The review summarizes the results of experimental and clinical studies aimed at elucidating the causes and pathophysiological mechanisms of the development of endocrine pathology in children. The modern data on the role of epigenetic influences in the early ontogenesis of unfavorable factors that violate the patterns of the formation of regulatory mechanisms during periods of critical development of fetal organs and systems and contribute to the delayed development of pathological conditions are considered. The mechanisms of the participation of melatonin in the regulation of metabolic processes and the key role of maternal melatonin in the formation of the circadian system of regulation in the fetus and in the protection of the genetic program of its morphofunctional development during pregnancy complications are presented. Melatonin, by controlling DNA methylation and histone modification, prevents changes in gene expression that are directly related to the programming of endocrine pathology in offspring. Deficiency and absence of the circadian rhythm of maternal melatonin underlies violations of the genetic program for the development of hormonal and metabolic regulatory mechanisms of the functional systems of the child, which determines the programming and implementation of endocrine pathology in early ontogenesis, contributing to its development in later life. The significance of this factor in the pathophysiological mechanisms of endocrine disorders determines a new approach to risk assessment and timely prevention of offspring diseases even at the stage of family planning.
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33
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Astiz M, Oster H. Feto-Maternal Crosstalk in the Development of the Circadian Clock System. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:631687. [PMID: 33510617 PMCID: PMC7835637 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.631687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian (24 h) clock system adapts physiology and behavior to daily recurring changes in the environment. Compared to the extensive knowledge assembled over the last decades on the circadian system in adults, its regulation and function during development is still largely obscure. It has been shown that environmental factors, such as stress or alterations in photoperiod, disrupt maternal neuroendocrine homeostasis and program the offspring’s circadian function. However, the process of circadian differentiation cannot be fully dependent on maternal rhythms alone, since circadian rhythms in offspring from mothers lacking a functional clock (due to SCN lesioning or genetic clock deletion) develop normally. This mini-review focuses on recent findings suggesting that the embryo/fetal molecular clock machinery is present and functional in several tissues early during gestation. It is entrained by maternal rhythmic signals crossing the placenta while itself controlling responsiveness to such external factors to certain times of the day. The elucidation of the molecular mechanisms through which maternal, placental and embryo/fetal clocks interact with each other, sense, integrate and coordinate signals from the early life environment is improving our understanding of how the circadian system emerges during development and how it affects physiological resilience against external perturbations during this critical time period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Astiz
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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34
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Bedont JL, Iascone DM, Sehgal A. The Lineage Before Time: Circadian and Nonclassical Clock Influences on Development. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2020; 36:469-509. [PMID: 33021821 PMCID: PMC10826104 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Diverse factors including metabolism, chromatin remodeling, and mitotic kinetics influence development at the cellular level. These factors are well known to interact with the circadian transcriptional-translational feedback loop (TTFL) after its emergence. What is only recently becoming clear, however, is how metabolism, mitosis, and epigenetics may become organized in a coordinated cyclical precursor signaling module in pluripotent cells prior to the onset of TTFL cycling. We propose that both the precursor module and the TTFL module constrain cellular identity when they are active during development, and that the emergence of these modules themselves is a key lineage marker. Here we review the component pathways underlying these ideas; how proliferation, specification, and differentiation decisions in both developmental and adult stem cell populations are or are not regulated by the classical TTFL; and emerging evidence that we propose implies a primordial clock that precedes the classical TTFL and influences early developmental decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Lewis Bedont
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
| | - Daniel Maxim Iascone
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
| | - Amita Sehgal
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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35
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Karahoda R, Abad C, Horackova H, Kastner P, Zaugg J, Cerveny L, Kucera R, Albrecht C, Staud F. Dynamics of Tryptophan Metabolic Pathways in Human Placenta and Placental-Derived Cells: Effect of Gestation Age and Trophoblast Differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:574034. [PMID: 33072756 PMCID: PMC7530341 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.574034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
L-Tryptophan is an essential amino acid and a precursor of several physiologically active metabolites. In the placenta, the serotonin and kynurenine metabolic pathways of tryptophan metabolism have been identified, giving rise to various molecules of neuroactive or immunoprotective properties, such as serotonin, melatonin, kynurenine, kynurenic acid, or quinolinic acid. Current literature suggests that optimal levels of these molecules in the fetoplacental unit are crucial for proper placenta functions, fetal development and programming. Placenta is a unique endocrine organ that, being equipped with a battery of biotransformation enzymes and transporters, precisely orchestrates homeostasis of tryptophan metabolic pathways. However, because pregnancy is a dynamic process and placental/fetal needs are continuously changing throughout gestation, placenta must adapt to these changes and ensure proper communication in the feto-placental unit. Therefore, in this study we investigated alterations of placental tryptophan metabolic pathways throughout gestation. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of 21 selected genes was carried out in first trimester (n = 13) and term (n = 32) placentas. Heatmap analysis with hierarchical clustering revealed differential gene expression of serotonin and kynurenine pathways across gestation. Subsequently, digital droplet PCR, Western blot, and functional analyses of the rate-limiting enzymes suggest preferential serotonin synthesis early in pregnancy with a switch to kynurenine production toward term. Correspondingly, increased function and/or protein expression of serotonin degrading enzyme and transporters at term indicates efficient placental uptake and metabolic degradation of serotonin. Lastly, gene expression analysis in choriocarcinoma-derived cell lines (BeWo, BeWo b30, JEG-3) revealed dissimilar expression patterns and divergent effect of syncytialization compared to primary trophoblast cells isolated from human term placentas; these findings show that the commonly used in vitro placental models are not suitable to study placental handling of tryptophan. Altogether, our data provide the first comprehensive evidence of changes in placental homeostasis of tryptophan and its metabolites as a function of gestational age, which is critical for proper placental function and fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona Karahoda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Cilia Abad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Hana Horackova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Petr Kastner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Jonas Zaugg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Cerveny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Radim Kucera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Christiane Albrecht
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Frantisek Staud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
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36
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Wieduwilt A, Alsat EA, Blickwedel J, Strizek B, Di Battista C, Lachner AB, Plischke H, Melaku T, Müller A, Bagci S. Dramatically altered environmental lighting conditions in women with high-risk pregnancy during hospitalization. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:1201-1206. [PMID: 32752886 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1792484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The maternal circadian time structure is incredibly important in the entrainment and programing of the fetal and newborn circadian time structure. Natural sunlight is the primary environmental time cue for entrainment of circadian rhythms, but high-risk pregnant women spend most of their time indoors with artificial light sources and extremely low levels of natural light both during the day and night. Because the daily level, timing, duration of light exposure and its spectral properties are important in maintaining the normal circadian physiology in humans, we aimed to evaluate the environmental lighting conditions in high-risk pregnant women admitted to hospital for long-term stay. About 30 patients were included in the study. Exposed illuminance, color temperature and effective circadian radiation dose were measured and recorded every 10 s by light dosimeters attached to the patients' clothing. We documented the illuminance of 29 pregnant women on 235 inpatient days. Median (IQR) measured illuminance was 70 (28-173) lux in the morning, 124 (63-241) lux in the afternoon, 19 (6-53) lux in the evening and 0 (0-0) lux at the night. Median illuminance for the 235 inpatient days of assessment was below the recommended EU standard of 100 lux-60.5% of the mornings and 42.7% of the afternoons. The women confined to indoor locations rarely achieved an illuminances more than 300 lux in the morning and in the afternoon. Compared to women with outdoor mobility, those confined indoors have a significantly lower illuminance and color temperature, both in the morning and in the afternoon. Our study presents the first information about the dramatically altered environmental lighting conditions experienced by high-risk pregnant women during their hospital stay. Their exposure to light while in the hospital is significantly lower than exposure to natural daylight levels and below the recommended EU standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wieduwilt
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn , Bonn, Germany
| | - E A Alsat
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn , Bonn, Germany
| | - J Blickwedel
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn , Bonn, Germany
| | - B Strizek
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University of Bonn , Bonn, Germany
| | - C Di Battista
- Engineering and Architecture, University of Lucerne , Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - A B Lachner
- Applied Sciences, Munich University , Germany
| | - H Plischke
- Applied Sciences, Munich University , Germany
| | - T Melaku
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn , Bonn, Germany
| | - A Müller
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn , Bonn, Germany
| | - S Bagci
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn , Bonn, Germany
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37
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The circadian phase of antenatal glucocorticoid treatment affects the risk of behavioral disorders. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3593. [PMID: 32681096 PMCID: PMC7367845 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17429-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, maternal endocrine signals drive fetal development and program the offspring's physiology. A disruption of maternal glucocorticoid (GC) homeostasis increases the child's risk of developing psychiatric disorders later in life. We here show in mice, that the time of day of antenatal GC exposure predicts the behavioral phenotype of the adult offspring. Offspring of mothers receiving GCs out-of-phase compared to their endogenous circadian GC rhythm show elevated anxiety, impaired stress coping, and dysfunctional stress-axis regulation. The fetal circadian clock determines the vulnerability of the stress axis to GC treatment by controlling GC receptor (GR) availability in the hypothalamus. Similarly, a retrospective observational study indicates poorer stress compensatory capacity in 5-year old preterm infants whose mothers received antenatal GCs towards the evening. Our findings offer insights into the circadian physiology of feto-maternal crosstalk and assign a role to the fetal clock as a temporal gatekeeper of GC sensitivity.
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38
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Miike T, Toyoura M, Tonooka S, Konishi Y, Oniki K, Saruwatari J, Tajima S, Kinoshita J, Nakai A, Kikuchi K. Neonatal irritable sleep-wake rhythm as a predictor of autism spectrum disorders. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2020; 9:100053. [PMID: 33364522 PMCID: PMC7752733 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2020.100053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, it has been suggested that sleep problems in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) not only are associated symptoms, but may be deeply related to ASD pathogenesis. Common clinical practice relating to developmental disorders, has shown that parents of children with ASD have often stated that it is more difficult to raise children in the neonatal period because these children exhibit sleep problems. This study investigated the possibility that abnormal neonatal sleep-wake rhythms are related to future ASD development. We administered questionnaires to assess parent(s) of children with ASD and controls. A retrospective analysis was conducted among 121 children with ASD (94 male and 27 female children) recruited from the K-Development Support Center for Children (K-ASD), 56 children with ASD (40 male and 16 female children) recruited from the H-Children's Sleep and Development Medical Research Center (H-ASD) and 203 children (104 male and 99 female children) recruited from four nursery schools in T-city (control). Irritable/over-reactive types of sleep-wake rhythms that cause difficulty in raising children, such as 1) frequently waking up, 2) difficulty falling asleep, 3) short sleep hours, and 4) continuous crying and grumpiness, were observed more often in ASD groups than in the control group. Additionally, the number of the mothers who went to bed after midnight during pregnancy was higher in the ASD groups than in the control group. Sleep-wake rhythm abnormalities in neonates may be considerable precursors to future development of ASD. Formation of ultradian and postnatal circadian rhythms should be given more attention when considering ASD development. Although this is a retrospective study, the results suggest that a prospective study regarding this issue may be important in understanding and discovering intervention areas that may contribute to preventing and/or properly treating ASD. Neonatal irritable-type sleep-wake rhythmabnormalities are important precursors for futureASD development. Maternal lack of sleep and irregular lifestyle isrelated to increased risk of possibly developingfuture ASD. There is a possibility that proper intervention toabnormal sleep-wake rhythm may prevent thesubsequent onset of ASD. It is more logical to understand and interpret ASD,based on circadian rhythm and pineal glandfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruhisa Miike
- Hyogo Rehabilitation Central Hospital, Children's Sleep and Development Medical Research Center, Kobe, Japan.,Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Makiko Toyoura
- Hyogo Rehabilitation Central Hospital, Children's Sleep and Development Medical Research Center, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shiro Tonooka
- Kagoshima Comprehensive Clinic for Disabled Children, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yukuo Konishi
- Hyogo Rehabilitation Central Hospital, Children's Sleep and Development Medical Research Center, Kobe, Japan.,Doshisha University, Center for Baby Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kentaro Oniki
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Junji Saruwatari
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Seiki Tajima
- Hyogo Rehabilitation Central Hospital, Children's Sleep and Development Medical Research Center, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Child Psychiatry, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Jun Kinoshita
- Hyogo Rehabilitation Central Hospital, Children's Sleep and Development Medical Research Center, Kobe, Japan.,Japanese Association of Baby Science Learners, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akio Nakai
- Hyogo Rehabilitation Central Hospital, Children's Sleep and Development Medical Research Center, Kobe, Japan.,Mukogawa Women's University, The Center for the Study of Child Development, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kikuchi
- Hyogo Rehabilitation Central Hospital, Children's Sleep and Development Medical Research Center, Kobe, Japan
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39
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Bagci S, Sabir H, Müller A, Reiter RJ. Effects of altered photoperiod due to COVID-19 lockdown on pregnant women and their fetuses. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:961-973. [PMID: 32519912 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1772809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Maternal circadian rhythms provide highly important input into the entrainment and programming of fetal and newborn circadian rhythms. The light-dark cycle is an important regulator of the internal biological clock. Even though pregnant women spend a greater part of the day at home during the latter stages of pregnancy, natural light exposure is crucial for the fetus. The current recommended COVID-19 lockdown might dramatically alter normal environmental lighting conditions of pregnant women, resulting in exposure to extremely low levels of natural daylight and high-intensity artificial light sources during both day and night. This article summarizes the potential effects on pregnant woman and their fetuses due to prolonged exposure to altered photoperiod and as consequence altered circadian system, known as chronodisruption, that may result from the COVID-19 lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bagci
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital-University of Bonn , Bonn, Germany
| | - H Sabir
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital-University of Bonn , Bonn, Germany
| | - A Müller
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital-University of Bonn , Bonn, Germany
| | - R J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas, USA
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40
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Björkqvist J, Kuula J, Kuula L, Nurhonen M, Hovi P, Räikkönen K, Pesonen A, Kajantie E. Chronotype in very low birth weight adults - a sibling study. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:1023-1033. [PMID: 32354238 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1754847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronotype is the temporal preference for activity and sleep during the 24 h day and is linked to mental and physical health, quality of life, and mortality. Later chronotypes, so-called "night owls", consistently display poorer health outcomes than "larks". Previous studies have suggested that preterm birth (<37 weeks of gestation) is associated with an earlier chronotype in children, adolescents, and young adults, but studies beyond this age are absent. Our aim was to determine if adults born preterm at very low birth weight (VLBW, ≤1500 g) display different chronotypes than their siblings. We studied VLBW adults, aged 29.9 years (SD 2.8), matched with same-sex term-born siblings as controls. A total of 123 participants, consisting of 53 sibling pairs and 17 unmatched participants, provided actigraphy-derived data on the timing, duration, and quality of sleep from 1640 nights (mean 13.3 per participant, SD 2.7). Mixed effects models provided estimates and significance tests. Compared to their siblings, VLBW adults displayed 27 min earlier sleep midpoint during free days (95% CI: 3 to 51 min, p =.029). This was also reflected in the timing of falling asleep, waking up, and sleep-debt corrected sleep midpoint. The findings were emphasized in VLBW participants born small for gestational age. VLBW adults displayed an earlier chronotype than their siblings still at age 30, which suggests that the earlier chronotype is an enduring individual trait not explained by shared family factors. This preference could provide protection from risks associated with preterm birth. ABBREVIATIONS AGA: Appropriate for gestational age; ELBW: Extremely low birth weight, ≤ 1000 grams; FMBR: Finnish Medical Birth Registry; HeSVA: Helsinki Study of Very low birth weight Adults; MSFsc: Midsleep on free days, corrected for sleep debt; SGA: Small for gestational age, ≤ -2 SD; VLBW: Very low birth weight, ≤ 1500 grams; WASO: Wake after sleep onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Björkqvist
- Children's Hospital, and Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health Promotion, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juho Kuula
- Department of Public Health Promotion, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Radiology, HUS Medical Imaging Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa Kuula
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Nurhonen
- Department of Public Health Promotion, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petteri Hovi
- Children's Hospital, and Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health Promotion, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Pesonen
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Kajantie
- Children's Hospital, and Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health Promotion, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki, Finland.,PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu , Oulu, Finland.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim, Norway
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41
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Gallardo A, Molina A, Asenjo HG, Martorell-Marugán J, Montes R, Ramos-Mejia V, Sanchez-Pozo A, Carmona-Sáez P, Lopez-Onieva L, Landeira D. The molecular clock protein Bmal1 regulates cell differentiation in mouse embryonic stem cells. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:e201900535. [PMID: 32284355 PMCID: PMC7156284 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammals optimize their physiology to the light-dark cycle by synchronization of the master circadian clock in the brain with peripheral clocks in the rest of the tissues of the body. Circadian oscillations rely on a negative feedback loop exerted by the molecular clock that is composed by transcriptional activators Bmal1 and Clock, and their negative regulators Period and Cryptochrome. Components of the molecular clock are expressed during early development, but onset of robust circadian oscillations is only detected later during embryogenesis. Here, we have used naïve pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) to study the role of Bmal1 during early development. We found that, compared to wild-type cells, Bmal1-/- mESCs express higher levels of Nanog protein and altered expression of pluripotency-associated signalling pathways. Importantly, Bmal1-/- mESCs display deficient multi-lineage cell differentiation capacity during the formation of teratomas and gastrula-like organoids. Overall, we reveal that Bmal1 regulates pluripotent cell differentiation and propose that the molecular clock is an hitherto unrecognized regulator of mammalian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amador Gallardo
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Aldara Molina
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Helena G Asenjo
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Jordi Martorell-Marugán
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
- Atrys Health S.A., Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Montes
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Sanchez-Pozo
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pedro Carmona-Sáez
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
- Department of Statistics and Operational Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Lourdes Lopez-Onieva
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - David Landeira
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
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Umemura Y, Yagita K. Development of the Circadian Core Machinery in Mammals. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:3611-3617. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Ivanov DO, Evsyukova II, Mazzoccoli G, Anderson G, Polyakova VO, Kvetnoy IM, Carbone A, Nasyrov RA. The Role of Prenatal Melatonin in the Regulation of Childhood Obesity. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9040072. [PMID: 32260529 PMCID: PMC7235795 DOI: 10.3390/biology9040072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing awareness that pregnancy can set the foundations for an array of diverse medical conditions in the offspring, including obesity. A wide assortment of factors, including genetic, epigenetic, lifestyle, and diet can influence foetal outcomes. This article reviews the role of melatonin in the prenatal modulation of offspring obesity. A growing number of studies show that many prenatal risk factors for poor foetal metabolic outcomes, including gestational diabetes and night-shift work, are associated with a decrease in pineal gland-derived melatonin and associated alterations in the circadian rhythm. An important aspect of circadian melatonin’s effects is mediated via the circadian gene, BMAL1, including in the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism and the mitochondrial melatoninergic pathway. Alterations in the regulation of mitochondrial metabolic shifts between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in immune and glia cells seem crucial to a host of human medical conditions, including in the development of obesity and the association of obesity with the risk of other medical conditions. The gut microbiome is another important hub in the pathoetiology and pathophysiology of many medical conditions, with negative consequences mediated by a decrease in the short-chain fatty acid, butyrate. The effects of butyrate are partly mediated via an increase in the melatoninergic pathway, indicating interactions of the gut microbiome with melatonin. Some of the effects of melatonin seem mediated via the alpha 7 nicotinic receptor, whilst both melatonin and butyrate may regulate obesity through the opioidergic system. Oxytocin, a recently recognized inhibitor of obesity, may also be acting via the opioidergic system. The early developmental regulation of these processes and factors by melatonin are crucial to the development of obesity and many diverse comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry O. Ivanov
- Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, 194100 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.O.I.); (V.O.P.); (R.A.N.)
| | - Inna I. Evsyukova
- Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +039-0882-410255
| | | | - Victoria O. Polyakova
- Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, 194100 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.O.I.); (V.O.P.); (R.A.N.)
| | - Igor M. Kvetnoy
- Saint-Petersburg State University, University Embankment 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Annalucia Carbone
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
| | - Ruslan A. Nasyrov
- Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, 194100 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.O.I.); (V.O.P.); (R.A.N.)
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Tsuchiya Y, Umemura Y, Yagita K. Circadian clock and cancer: From a viewpoint of cellular differentiation. Int J Urol 2020; 27:518-524. [PMID: 32223039 DOI: 10.1111/iju.14231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock controls and adapts diverse physiological and behavioral processes according to Earth's 24-h cycle of environmental changes. The master pacemaker of the mammalian circadian clock resides in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus, but almost all cells throughout the body show circadian oscillations in gene expression patterns and associated functions. Recent studies have shown that the circadian clock gradually develops during embryogenesis. Embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells do not show circadian oscillations of gene expression, but gradually develop circadian clock oscillation during differentiation; thus, the developmental program of circadian clock emergence appears closely associated with cellular differentiation. Like embryonic stem cells, certain cancer cell types also lack the circadian clock. Given this similarity between embryonic stem cells and cancer cells, interest is growing in the contributions of circadian clock dysfunction to dedifferentiation and cancer development. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of circadian clock emergence during ontogenesis, and discuss possible associations with cellular differentiation and carcinogenesis. Considering the multiple physiological functions of circadian rhythms, circadian abnormalities might contribute to a host of diseases, including cancer. Insights on circadian function could lead to the identification of biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, as well as novel targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Tsuchiya
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Umemura
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yagita
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Kaur S, Teoh AN, Shukri NHM, Shafie SR, Bustami NA, Takahashi M, Lim PJ, Shibata S. Circadian rhythm and its association with birth and infant outcomes: research protocol of a prospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:96. [PMID: 32046676 PMCID: PMC7014629 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-2797-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian rhythm plays an important role as our internal body's clock that synchronizes behavior and physiology according to the external 24-h light-dark cycle. Past studies have associated disrupted circadian rhythm with higher risk of miscarriages, preterm birth and low birth weights. This paper described the protocol of a prospective cohort study which aims to determine the circadian rhythm in pregnant women, identify its association with maternal factors during pregnancy, gestational weight gain, birth and infant outcomes. METHODS Ten government maternal and child health clinics in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia will be randomly selected. Sample size of 438 first-trimester pregnant women will be followed-up until the birth of their infant. Salivary melatonin and cortisol concentration among subsample will be determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data on sleep quality, psychological distress and morningness/eveningness chronotype of pregnant women will be collected using validated questionnaires. Pedometer will be used to measure 5-day physical activity data. Total gestational weight gain will be determined at the end of pregnancy. Utilization of 3-day food record is to capture meal timing and nutrient intake. All measurements will be done in 2nd and 3rd trimester. Birth outcomes will be collected through clinic records and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Neonatal questionnaire. Infants will be followed-up at 6 and 12 months old to obtain anthropometric measurements. DISCUSSION There is a growing recognition of the role of maternal circadian rhythm, which entrains fetal circadian rhythms that may subsequently have long-term health consequences. The present study will identify the effect of circadian rhythm on pregnancy outcomes and infant growth in the first year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satvinder Kaur
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ai Ni Teoh
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Husna Mohd Shukri
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Raihanah Shafie
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Normina Ahmad Bustami
- School of Healthy Aging, Medical Aesthetics and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Pei Jean Lim
- Waseda Bioscience Research Institute, Waseda, Singapore
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Biosciences, School of Advanced Engineering and Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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Bates K, Herzog ED. Maternal-Fetal Circadian Communication During Pregnancy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:198. [PMID: 32351448 PMCID: PMC7174624 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews evidence for maternal-fetal communication about the time of day. We explore the hypothesis that key maternal hormones synchronize daily rhythms in the fetus to regulate gestation duration. These findings may help to predict and prevent preterm birth.
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Melatonin Promotes Uterine and Placental Health: Potential Molecular Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010300. [PMID: 31906255 PMCID: PMC6982088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of the endometrium is a cyclic event tightly regulated by hormones and growth factors to coordinate the menstrual cycle while promoting a suitable microenvironment for embryo implantation during the “receptivity window”. Many women experience uterine failures that hamper the success of conception, such as endometrium thickness, endometriosis, luteal phase defects, endometrial polyps, adenomyosis, viral infection, and even endometrial cancer; most of these disturbances involve changes in endocrine components or cell damage. The emerging evidence has proven that circadian rhythm deregulation followed by low circulating melatonin is associated with low implantation rates and difficulties to maintain pregnancy. Given that melatonin is a circadian-regulating hormone also involved in the maintenance of uterine homeostasis through regulation of numerous pathways associated with uterine receptivity and gestation, the success of female reproduction may be dependent on the levels and activity of uterine and placental melatonin. Based on the fact that irregular production of maternal and placental melatonin is related to recurrent spontaneous abortion and maternal/fetal disturbances, melatonin replacement may offer an excellent opportunity to restore normal physiological function of the affected tissues. By alleviating oxidative damage in the placenta, melatonin favors nutrient transfer and improves vascular dynamics at the uterine–placental interface. This review focuses on the main in vivo and in vitro functions of melatonin on uterine physiological processes, such as decidualization and implantation, and also on the feto-maternal tissues, and reviews how exogenous melatonin functions from a mechanistic standpoint to preserve the organ health. New insights on the potential signaling pathways whereby melatonin resists preeclampsia and endometriosis are further emphasized in this review.
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Carmona P, Pérez B, Trujillo C, Espinosa G, Miranda F, Mendez N, Torres-Farfan C, Richter HG, Vergara K, Brebi P, Sarmiento J. Long-Term Effects of Altered Photoperiod During Pregnancy on Liver Gene Expression of the Progeny. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1377. [PMID: 31824324 PMCID: PMC6883370 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental and epidemiological studies have revealed a relationship between an adverse intrauterine environment and chronic non-communicable disease (NCD) like cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adulthood. An important risk factor for CVD is the deregulation of the fibrinolytic system particularly high levels of expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (Pai-1). Chronic exposure to altered photoperiod disrupts the circadian organization of physiology in the pregnant female, known as gestational chronodisruption, and cause long-term effects on the adult offspring's circadian physiology. The Pai-1 expression is regulated by the molecular components of the circadian system, termed clock genes. The present study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of chronic photoperiod shifts (CPS) during pregnancy on the expression of the clock genes and the fibrinolytic system in the liver of adult male offspring. Our results using an animal model demonstrated statistically significant differences at the transcriptional level in males gestated under CPS. At 90 days of postnatal age, the liver transcript levels of the clock gene Bmal1 were downregulated, whereas Rorα, Rorγ, Nfil3, and Pai-1 were upregulated. Our data indicate that CPS during pregnancy affects gene expression in the liver of male adult progeny, showing that alteration of the photoperiod in the mother's environment leads to persistent effects in the offspring. In conclusion, these results reveal for the first time the long-term effects of gestational chronodisruption on the transcriptional activity of one well-established risk factor associated with CVD in the adult male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Carmona
- Laboratorio de Cronoinmunología, Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Bárbara Pérez
- Laboratorio de Cronoinmunología, Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carlos Trujillo
- Laboratorio de Cronoinmunología, Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Gabriel Espinosa
- Laboratorio de Cronoinmunología, Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Fernando Miranda
- Laboratorio de Cronoinmunología, Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Natalia Mendez
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Claudia Torres-Farfan
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Hans G. Richter
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Karina Vergara
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Priscilla Brebi
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - José Sarmiento
- Laboratorio de Cronoinmunología, Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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Perinatal Use of Melatonin for Offspring Health: Focus on Cardiovascular and Neurological Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225681. [PMID: 31766163 PMCID: PMC6888176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular and neurological diseases can originate in early life. Melatonin, a biologically active substance, acts as a pleiotropic hormone essential for pregnancy and fetal development. Maternal melatonin can easily pass the placenta and provide photoperiodic signals to the fetus. Though melatonin uses in pregnant or lactating women have not yet been recommended, there is a growing body of evidence from animal studies in support of melatonin as a reprogramming strategy to prevent the developmental programming of cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Here, we review several key themes in melatonin use in pregnancy and lactation within offspring health and disease. We have particularly focused on the following areas: the pathophysiological roles of melatonin in pregnancy, lactation, and fetal development; clinical uses of melatonin in fetal and neonatal diseases; experimental evidence supporting melatonin as a reprogramming therapy to prevent cardiovascular and neurological diseases; and reprogramming mechanisms of melatonin within developmental programming. The targeting of melatonin uses in pregnancy and lactation will be valuable in the prevention of various adult chronic diseases in later life, and especially cardiovascular and neurological diseases.
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Maeda T, Oniki K, Miike T. Sleep education in primary school prevents future school refusal behavior. Pediatr Int 2019; 61:1036-1042. [PMID: 31325196 DOI: 10.1111/ped.13976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disorders, along with extreme difficulty in awakening, are one of the main causes of school refusal. The accumulation of chronic sleep deprivation accompanied by a late-night lifestyle is considered the basic inciting factor. METHODS From 2007, we initiated a sleep education program (Min-Iku) in Fukui, Japan, with the aim of improving pupil lifestyle and preventing future school refusal. All grade 1-6 Miyake-primary school (M-PS) pupils participated in this program and gave their informed consent. The Min-Iku included (i) implementation of a "daily life rhythm survey" by recording the sleep-wake rhythm in a table for 14 days; (ii) evaluation of the sleep table according to the classifications A-D; (iii) interviews of stage D children and their guardians; (iv) lectures on the importance of daily life rhythms for parents and teachers; and (v) 45 min classwork for all participating pupils. RESULTS In 2007, 10% of M-PS graduates developed school refusal behavior after entering Kaminaka junior high school (K-JHS). The incidence of school refusal, however, decreased each year after the implementation of the Min-Iku program and finally reached 0 by 2012. The sleep onset time of pupils improved each year, with the most common sleep time reaching 9:30 p.m. on both weekdays and holidays. With an earlier sleep time, the night-time sleep duration was significantly extended (P < 0.001 vs 2007 data). CONCLUSION The Min-Iku program for primary school pupils successfully achieved a more routine night-time sleep pattern and a regular life rhythm, which prevented school refusal during the subsequent JHS years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kentaro Oniki
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Miike
- Children's Sleep and Development Medical Research Center, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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