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Fernández-Cancio M, Antolín M, Clemente M, Campos-Martorell A, Mogas E, Baz-Redón N, Leno-Colorado J, Comas-Armangué G, García-Arumí E, Soler-Colomer L, González-Llorens N, Camats-Tarruella N, Yeste D. Clinical and molecular study of patients with thyroid dyshormogenesis and variants in the thyroglobulin gene. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1367808. [PMID: 39040671 PMCID: PMC11260715 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1367808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Defects in any thyroid hormone synthesis steps cause thyroid dyshormonogenesis (THD). THD due to thyroglobulin (TG) gene variants is a cause of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) with a wide clinical spectrum, ranging from mild to severe permanent hypothyroidism. We present high-throughput sequencing results of patients with TG variants. Methods A CH high-throughput sequencing-panel of the main genes involved in the regulation of thyroid hormonogenesis was performed to identify those TG variants that may be related to patient THD phenotype. Results We identified 21 TG gene variants in 19 patients (11.8%) which could explain their phenotype. Ten of those (47.6%) were not previously described. CH was biochemically severe in these 19 patients. Eight of them were reevaluated after one month of discontinuing LT4 treatment and all had severe permanent hypothyroidism. We also identified another 16 patients who presented heterozygous TG variants, of whom, at reevaluation, five had mild permanent and only one had severe permanent hypothyroidisms. Discussions In this study, 10 novel and 11 previously reported variants in the TG gene have been identified that could explain the phenotype of 19 patients from non-consanguineous families from a large THD cohort. Although not all these TG gene variants can explain all the patients' THD phenotypes, some of them had severe or mild permanent hypothyroidism at reevaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Fernández-Cancio
- Growth and Development group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Antolín
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics and Rare Disease, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Genetics Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Clemente
- Growth and Development group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Endocrinology Section, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Preventive Medicine Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ariadna Campos-Martorell
- Growth and Development group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatric Endocrinology Section, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Preventive Medicine Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Eduard Mogas
- Growth and Development group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatric Endocrinology Section, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Preventive Medicine Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Noelia Baz-Redón
- Growth and Development group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Leno-Colorado
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics and Rare Disease, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Genetics Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Comas-Armangué
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics and Rare Disease, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena García-Arumí
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics and Rare Disease, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Research Group on Neuromuscular and Mitochondrial Diseases, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Soler-Colomer
- Pediatric Endocrinology Section, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Núria Camats-Tarruella
- Growth and Development group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Yeste
- Growth and Development group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Endocrinology Section, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Preventive Medicine Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Iwasaki H, Suwanai H, Yakou F, Sakai H, Ishii K, Hara N, Buckle AM, Kanekura K, Miyagi T, Narumi S, Suzuki R. Disulfide Bonds of Thyroid Peroxidase Are Critical Elements for Subcellular Localization, Proteasome-Dependent Degradation, and Enzyme Activity. Thyroid 2024; 34:659-667. [PMID: 38482822 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2023.0514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Background: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is caused by mutations in cysteine residues, including Cys655 and Cys825 that form disulfide bonds in thyroid peroxidase (TPO). It is highly likely that these disulfide bonds could play an important role in TPO activity. However, to date, no study has comprehensively analyzed cysteine mutations that form disulfide bonds in TPO. In this study, we induced mutations in cysteine residues involved in disulfide bonds formation and analyzed their effect on subcellular localization, degradation, and enzyme activities to evaluate the importance of disulfide bonds in TPO activity. Methods: Vector plasmid TPO mutants, C655F and C825R, known to occur in CH, were transfected into HEK293 cells. TPO activity and protein expression levels were measured by the Amplex red assay and Western blotting. The same procedure was performed in the presence of MG132 proteasome inhibitor. Subcellular localization was determined using immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. The locations of all disulfide bonds within TPO were predicted using in silico analysis. All TPO mutations associated with disulfide bonds were induced. TPO activity and protein expression levels were also measured in all TPO mutants associated with disulfide bonds using the Amplex red assay and Western blotting. Results: C655F and C825R showed significantly decreased activity and protein expression compared with the wild type (WT) (p < 0.05). In the presence of the MG132 proteasome inhibitor, the protein expression level of TPO increased to a level comparable with that of the WT without increases in its activity. The degree of subcellular distribution of TPO to the cell surface in the mutants was lower compared with the WT TPO. Twenty-four cysteine residues were involved in the formation of 12 disulfide bonds in TPO. All TPO mutants harboring an amino acid substitution in each cysteine showed significantly reduced TPO activity and protein expression levels. Furthermore, the differences in TPO activity depended on the position of the disulfide bond. Conclusions: All 12 disulfide bonds play an important role in the activity of TPO. Furthermore, the mutations lead to misfolding, degradation, and membrane insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Iwasaki
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Suwanai
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Yakou
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sakai
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keitaro Ishii
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuko Hara
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ashley M Buckle
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Kohsuke Kanekura
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tamami Miyagi
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Narumi
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Kang HS, Grimm SA, Liao XH, Jetten AM. GLIS3 expression in the thyroid gland in relation to TSH signaling and regulation of gene expression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:65. [PMID: 38281222 PMCID: PMC10822819 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Loss of GLI-Similar 3 (GLIS3) function in mice and humans causes congenital hypothyroidism (CH). In this study, we demonstrate that GLIS3 protein is first detectable at E15.5 of murine thyroid development, a time at which GLIS3 target genes, such as Slc5a5 (Nis), become expressed. This, together with observations showing that ubiquitous Glis3KO mice do not display major changes in prenatal thyroid gland morphology, indicated that CH in Glis3KO mice is due to dyshormonogenesis rather than thyroid dysgenesis. Analysis of GLIS3 in postnatal thyroid suggested a link between GLIS3 protein expression and blood TSH levels. This was supported by data showing that treatment with TSH, cAMP, or adenylyl cyclase activators or expression of constitutively active PKA enhanced GLIS3 protein stability and transcriptional activity, indicating that GLIS3 activity is regulated at least in part by TSH/TSHR-mediated activation of PKA. The TSH-dependent increase in GLIS3 transcriptional activity would be critical for the induction of GLIS3 target gene expression, including several thyroid hormone (TH) biosynthetic genes, in thyroid follicular cells of mice fed a low iodine diet (LID) when blood TSH levels are highly elevated. Like TH biosynthetic genes, the expression of cell cycle genes is suppressed in ubiquitous Glis3KO mice fed a LID; however, in thyroid-specific Glis3 knockout mice, the expression of cell cycle genes was not repressed, in contrast to TH biosynthetic genes. This indicated that the inhibition of cell cycle genes in ubiquitous Glis3KO mice is dependent on changes in gene expression in GLIS3 target tissues other than the thyroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Soon Kang
- Cell Biology Section, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Sara A Grimm
- Integrative Bioinformatics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Xiao-Hui Liao
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Anton M Jetten
- Cell Biology Section, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
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Jia X, Yang S, Wang X, Ruan J, Huang W. HOXB3 promotes trophoblast cell proliferation, invasion, and migration to alleviate preeclampsia via mediating the Notch/Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 960:176015. [PMID: 37652291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) harms a significant number of pregnant women and fetuses. However, because of its complex pathological mechanisms, there is no cure except for delivery. This study identified the impact and mechanisms of action of HOXB3 in PE. The behaviors of HTR-8/SVneo cells were analyzed using a cell counting kit-8, EdU, and transwell assays. The interaction between HOXB3 and Notch1 was assessed using a luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Expression was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunofluorescence assays. Additionally, the function of HOXB3 was evaluated in an established rat model of PE. We found that HOXB3 was upregulated in PE. HOXB3 overexpression facilitated trophoblast cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. HOXB3 transcriptionally regulated Notch1 by binding to its promoter. Notch1 knockdown abrogated the functions of HOXB3 and the-catenin pathway in trophoblasts. Suppression of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway abrogated the effects of HOXB3. Additionally, HOXB3 alleviated the symptoms in PE rats. In conclusion, HOXB3 transcriptionally activated Notch1 expression and the-catenin pathway, promoting trophoblast cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, thereby alleviating PE progression. This study provides a novel approach for PE therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Jia
- Department of Obstetrics, Xinhui People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Jiangmen, 529100, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China; Department of Obstetrics, The People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong, 276800, China
| | - Shiying Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, The People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong, 276800, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, The People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong, 276800, China
| | - Jianbing Ruan
- Department of Obstetrics, Xinhui People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Jiangmen, 529100, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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5
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Zhang HY, Wu FY, Li XS, Zhang CX, Tu PH, Yang RM, Liu XY, Cui RJ, Yang L, Wu CY, Zhang RJ, Fang Y, Sun F, Liang J, Cheng F, Song HD, Zhao SX. Genetic Screening and Functional Analysis of Thyroid Peroxidase Variants in Chinese Patients with Congenital Hypothyroidism. Horm Res Paediatr 2023; 97:353-364. [PMID: 37703865 DOI: 10.1159/000533969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Congenital hypothyroidism (CH), the most common neonatal endocrine disorder worldwide, can be caused by variants in the thyroid peroxidase (TPO) gene. This study aimed to identify TPO variants in Chinese patients with CH, analyze their impact on TPO function, and establish relationships between TPO genotypes and clinical characteristics. METHODS A total of 328 patients with CH were screened for TPO variants by performing whole-exome sequencing. The function of the detected TPO variants was investigated via transfection assays in vitro. The pathogenic effect of five novel variants was further assessed in silico. RESULTS Among 328 patients with CH, 19 TPO variants, including six novel ones, were identified in 43 patients. Eighteen patients (5.5%) carried biallelic TPO variants. In vitro experiments showed that TPO activity was impaired to varying degrees in 17 variants. Furthermore, we determined that a residual TPO enzyme activity threshold of 15% may serve as a criterion for differentiating CH severity. CONCLUSIONS According to our study, the prevalence of TPO variants among Chinese patients with CH was 13.1%. Five novel variants led to impaired TPO function by altering its structure or by affecting its expression or cellular localization, which should result in impaired thyroid hormone synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yang Zhang
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng-Yao Wu
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Song Li
- Department of Endocrine Metabolism, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cao-Xu Zhang
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping-Hui Tu
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui-Meng Yang
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Liu
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ren-Jie Cui
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Yang
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Yang Wu
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui-Jia Zhang
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Fang
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Sun
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Central Hospital of Xuzhou Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Children's Hospital (Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center), College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huai-Dong Song
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang-Xia Zhao
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Levaillant L, Bouhours-Nouet N, Illouz F, Amsellem Jager J, Bachelot A, Barat P, Baron S, Bensignor C, Brac De La Perriere A, Braik Djellas Y, Caillot M, Caldagues E, Campas MN, Caquard M, Cartault A, Cheignon J, Decrequy A, Delemer B, Dieckmann K, Donzeau A, Doye E, Fradin M, Gaudillière M, Gatelais F, Gorce M, Hazart I, Houcinat N, Houdon L, Ister-Salome M, Jozwiak L, Jeannoel P, Labarthe F, Lacombe D, Lambert AS, Lefevre C, Leheup B, Leroy C, Maisonneuve B, Marchand I, Marquant E, Muszlak M, Pantalone L, Pochelu S, Quelin C, Radet C, Renoult-Pierre P, Reynaud R, Rouleau S, Teinturier C, Thevenon J, Turlotte C, Valle A, Vierge M, Villanueva C, Ziegler A, Dieu X, Bouzamondo N, Rodien P, Prunier-Mirebeau D, Coutant R. The Severity of Congenital Hypothyroidism With Gland-In-Situ Predicts Molecular Yield by Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e779-e788. [PMID: 36884306 PMCID: PMC10438870 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Congenital hypothyroidism with gland-in-situ (CH-GIS) is usually attributed to mutations in the genes involved in thyroid hormone production. The diagnostic yield of targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) varied widely between studies. We hypothesized that the molecular yield of targeted NGS would depend on the severity of CH. METHODS Targeted NGS was performed in 103 CH-GIS patients from the French national screening program referred to the Reference Center for Rare Thyroid Diseases of Angers University Hospital. The custom targeted NGS panel contained 48 genes. Cases were classified as solved or probably solved depending on the known inheritance of the gene, the classification of the variants according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, the familial segregation, and published functional studies. Thyroid-stimulating hormone at CH screening and at diagnosis (TSHsc and TSHdg) and free T4 at diagnosis (FT4dg) were recorded. RESULTS NGS identified 95 variants in 10 genes in 73 of the 103 patients, resulting in 25 solved cases and 18 probably solved cases. They were mainly due to mutations in the TG (n = 20) and TPO (n = 15) genes. The molecular yield was, respectively, 73% and 25% if TSHsc was ≥ and < 80 mUI/L, 60% and 30% if TSHdg was ≥ and < 100 mUI/L, and 69% and 29% if FT4dg was ≤ and > 5 pmol/L. CONCLUSION NGS in patients with CH-GIS in France found a molecular explanation in 42% of the cases, increasing to 70% when TSHsc was ≥ 80 mUI/L or FT4dg was ≤ 5 pmol/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Levaillant
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
- Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Thyroid and Hormone Receptivity, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Natacha Bouhours-Nouet
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
- Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Thyroid and Hormone Receptivity, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Frédéric Illouz
- Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Thyroid and Hormone Receptivity, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Jessica Amsellem Jager
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
- Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Thyroid and Hormone Receptivity, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Anne Bachelot
- Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, ICAN, 75651 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Barat
- Pediatric Endocrinology, CHU de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sabine Baron
- Pediatrics Department, CHU Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
| | | | - Aude Brac De La Perriere
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Service d'Endocrinologie Pédiatrique, 69677 Bron, France
| | - Yasmine Braik Djellas
- Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, ICAN, 75651 Paris, France
| | - Morgane Caillot
- Pediatrics Department, CH de Martigues, 13500 Martigues, France
| | | | | | | | - Audrey Cartault
- Endocrine, Genetics, Bone Diseases, and Paediatric Gynecology Unit, Children's Hospital, CHU Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Julie Cheignon
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Anne Decrequy
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Brigitte Delemer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, CHU de Reims-Hôpital Robert-Debré, 51100 Reims, France
| | | | - Aurélie Donzeau
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | | | - Mélanie Fradin
- Service de Génétique, CLAD Ouest, CHU Rennes, 35200 Rennes, France
| | - Mélanie Gaudillière
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Service d'Endocrinologie Pédiatrique, 69677 Bron, France
| | | | - Magali Gorce
- Service de Génétique, 49000 Angers Cedex 9, France
| | | | - Nada Houcinat
- CHU Dijon, Centre de référence maladies rares Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, Centre de Génétique, FHU TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne 21000, France
| | - Laure Houdon
- Pediatric Diabetology, University Hospital, St Pierre de la Reunion 97410, France
| | | | - Lucie Jozwiak
- Pediatrics Department, CH de Roubaix, 59100 Roubaix, France
| | | | - Francois Labarthe
- Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Tours University Hospital, 37044 Tours, France
| | - Didier Lacombe
- Department of Medical Genetics, CHU Bordeaux INSERM U1211, Université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Lambert
- AP-HP, Bicêtre Paris Saclay Hospital, DMU SEA, Endocrinology and Diabetes for Children, Le Kremlin Bicêtre 94270, France
| | - Christine Lefevre
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Jeanne de Flandre Hospital, 59037 Lille, France
| | - Bruno Leheup
- Service de Génétique clinique, Höpital Brabois, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy, Nancy, Lorraine 54500, France
| | - Clara Leroy
- Service d'Endocrinologie et Maladies Métaboliques, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Hôpital Huriez, 59037 Lille, France
| | | | - Isis Marchand
- Pediatrics Department, CHI de Créteil, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Emeline Marquant
- Assistance-Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Department of Pediatrics, Hôpital de la Timone Enfants, 13005 Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Sandra Pochelu
- Pediatric Endocrinology, CHU de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Chloé Quelin
- Service de Génétique, CLAD Ouest, CHU Rennes, 35200 Rennes, France
| | | | - Peggy Renoult-Pierre
- Service de Médecine Interne, Unité d'Endocrinologie Diabétologie et Nutrition, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire et Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, 37044 Tours, France
| | - Rachel Reynaud
- Assistance-Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Department of Pediatrics, Hôpital de la Timone Enfants, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Stéphanie Rouleau
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Cécile Teinturier
- AP-HP, Bicêtre Paris Saclay Hospital, DMU SEA, Endocrinology and Diabetes for Children, Le Kremlin Bicêtre 94270, France
| | - Julien Thevenon
- Inserm UMR 1231 GAD Team, Genetics of Developmental Anomalies, and FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU/Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | | | - Aline Valle
- Pediatrics Department, CH de Douai, 59187 Douai, France
| | - Melody Vierge
- Assistance-Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Department of Pediatrics, Hôpital de la Timone Enfants, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Carine Villanueva
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Service d'Endocrinologie Pédiatrique, 69677 Bron, France
| | | | - Xavier Dieu
- Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Thyroid and Hormone Receptivity, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Nathalie Bouzamondo
- Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Thyroid and Hormone Receptivity, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Patrice Rodien
- Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Thyroid and Hormone Receptivity, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Delphine Prunier-Mirebeau
- Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Thyroid and Hormone Receptivity, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Régis Coutant
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
- Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Thyroid and Hormone Receptivity, University Hospital of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
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7
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Kang HS, Grimm SA, Liao XH, Jetten AM. Role of GLIS3 in thyroid development and in the regulation of gene expression in thyroid specific Glis3KO mice. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3044388. [PMID: 37461635 PMCID: PMC10350233 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3044388/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Loss of GLI-Similar 3 (GLIS3) function in mice and humans causes congenital hypothyroidism (CH). In this study, we demonstrate that GLIS3 protein is first detectable at E15.5 of murine thyroid development, a time when GLIS3 target genes, such as Slc5a5 (Nis), become also expressed. We further show that Glis3KO mice do not display any major changes in prenatal thyroid gland morphology indicating that CH in Glis3KO mice is due to dyshormonogenesis rather than thyroid dysgenesis. Analysis of thyroid-specific Glis3 knockout (Glis3-Pax8Cre) mice fed either a normal or low-iodine diet (ND or LID) revealed that, in contrast to ubiquitous Glis3KO mice, thyroid follicular cell proliferation and the expression of cell cycle genes were not repressed suggesting that the inhibition of thyroid follicular cell proliferation in ubiquitous Glis3KO mice is related to loss of GLIS3 function in other cell types. However, the expression of several thyroid hormone biosynthesis-, extracellular matrix (ECM)-, and inflammation-related genes was still suppressed in Glis3-Pax8Cre mice particularly under conditions of high blood levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). We further demonstrate that treatment with TSH, protein kinase A (PKA) or adenylyl cyclase activators or expression of constitutively active PKA enhances GLIS3 protein and activity, suggesting that GLIS3 transcriptional activity is regulated in part by TSH/TSHR-mediated activation of the PKA pathway. This mechanism of regulation provides an explanation for the dramatic increase in GLIS3 protein expression and the subsequent induction of GLIS3 target genes, including several thyroid hormone biosynthetic genes, in thyroid follicular cells of mice fed a LID.
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8
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Grassi ES, Rurale G, de Filippis T, Gentilini D, Carbone E, Coscia F, Uraghi S, Bullock M, Clifton-Bligh RJ, Gupta AK, Persani L. The length of FOXE1 polyalanine tract in congenital hypothyroidism: Evidence for a pathogenic role from familial, molecular and cohort studies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1127312. [PMID: 37008944 PMCID: PMC10060985 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1127312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION FOXE1 is required for thyroid function and its homozygous mutations cause a rare syndromic form of congenital hypothyroidism (CH). FOXE1 has a polymorphic polyalanine tract whose involvement in thyroid pathology is controversial. Starting from genetic studies in a CH family, we explored the functional role and involvement of FOXE1 variations in a large CH population. METHODS We applied NGS screening to a large CH family and a cohort of 1752 individuals and validated these results by in silico modeling and in vitro experiments. RESULTS A new heterozygous FOXE1 variant segregated with 14-Alanine tract homozygosity in 5 CH siblings with athyreosis. The p.L107V variant demonstrated to significantly reduce the FOXE1 transcriptional activity. The 14-Alanine-FOXE1 displayed altered subcellular localization and significantly impaired synergy with other transcription factors, when compared with the more common 16-Alanine-FOXE1. The CH group with thyroid dysgenesis was largely and significantly enriched with the 14-Alanine-FOXE1 homozygosity. DISCUSSION We provide new evidence that disentangle the pathophysiological role of FOXE1 polyalanine tract, thereby significantly broadening the perspective on the role of FOXE1 in the complex pathogenesis of CH. FOXE1 should be therefore added to the group of polyalanine disease-associated transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Stellaria Grassi
- Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuditta Rurale
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana de Filippis
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Gentilini
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Bioinformatics and Statistical Genomics Unit, Milano, Italy
| | - Erika Carbone
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Sarah Uraghi
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Martyn Bullock
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Roderick J. Clifton-Bligh
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Abhinav K. Gupta
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Sciences, CK Birla Hospitals, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Luca Persani
- Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Luca Persani,
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9
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Yamaguchi N, Suzuki A, Yoshida A, Tanaka T, Aoyama K, Oishi H, Hara Y, Ogi T, Amano I, Kameo S, Koibuchi N, Shibata Y, Ugawa S, Mizuno H, Saitoh S. The iodide transporter Slc26a7 impacts thyroid function more strongly than Slc26a4 in mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11259. [PMID: 35788623 PMCID: PMC9253019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15151-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
SLC26A4 is a known iodide transporter, and is localized at the apical membrane of thyrocytes. Previously, we reported that SLC26A7 is also involved in iodide transport and that Slc26a7 is a novel causative gene for congenital hypothyroidism. However, its detailed role in vivo remains to be elucidated. We generated mice that were deficient in Slc26a7 and Slc26a4 to delineate differences and associations in their roles in iodide transport. Slc26a7-/- mice showed goitrous congenital hypothyroidism and mild growth failure on a normal diet. Slc26a7-/- mice with a low iodine environment showed marked growth failure. In contrast, Slc26a4-/- mice showed no growth failure and hypothyroidism in the same low iodine environment. Double-deficient mice showed more severe growth failure than Slc26a7-/- mice. RNA-seq analysis revealed that the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Slc26a7-/- mice was significantly higher than that in Slc26a4-/- mice. These indicate that SLC26A7 is more strongly involved in iodide transport and the maintenance of thyroid function than SLC26A4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Yamaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Aya Yoshida
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Kohei Aoyama
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Hisashi Oishi
- Department of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Hara
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoo Ogi
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Izuki Amano
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Satomi Kameo
- Department of Nutrition, Koshien University, Takarazuka, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Koibuchi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shibata
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinya Ugawa
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Haruo Mizuno
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Shinji Saitoh
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
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10
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Gong L, Yang N, Zhao J, Tang Y, Li L, Yang H, Kong Y. Clinical characteristics and genetics analysis for the ITD of congenital hypothyroidism. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2022; 35:741-748. [PMID: 35438852 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2022-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Iodide transport defect (ITD) is one of the principal causes of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and its primary molecular mechanism is a mutation of the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) gene. This study aims to analyse the clinical characteristics and genetic mutations of ITD. METHODS The participants were a pair of siblings diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to determine the concentration of salivary iodine and serum iodine and to calculate their ratio. At the same time, next-generation sequencing (NGS) was applied to detect all exons of congenital hypothyroidism-related genes. All suspicious variants were further validated in the patients and their parents by PCR and Sanger sequencing. RESULTS Both patients were conclusively diagnosed with thyroid iodine transport defect (ITD). NGS identified two variants of the NIS gene in the siblings: c.1021G>A (p.Gly341Arg) with paternal origin and c.1330-2A>C with maternal origin. Both of these variants have not been reported to date. They are predicted to be pathogenic based on these clinical symptoms and comprehensive software analysis. CONCLUSIONS This is the first reported family study of congenital hypothyroidism with SLC5A5 mutation in China. Next-generation sequencing technology is an effective means of studying the genetics of congenital hypothyroidism. The therapeutic effect of potassium iodide needs to be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Gong
- Department of Newborn Screening Centre, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Newborn Screening Centre, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jinqi Zhao
- Department of Newborn Screening Centre, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yue Tang
- Department of Newborn Screening Centre, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lulu Li
- Department of Newborn Screening Centre, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Haihe Yang
- Department of Newborn Screening Centre, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Kong
- Department of Newborn Screening Centre, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
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11
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Thyroid hypogenesis is associated with a novel AKT3 germline variant that causes megalencephaly and cortical malformation. Hum Genome Var 2022; 9:18. [PMID: 35665751 PMCID: PMC9166760 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-022-00197-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms involved in thyroid organogenesis have not been fully elucidated. We report a patient with a de novo germline AKT3 variant, NM_005465.7:c.233A > G, p.(Gln78Arg), who presented with congenital hypothyroidism in addition to typical AKT3-related brain disorders. The report of this patient contributes to delineating the associated yet uncertain endocrine complications of this AKT3 disease-causing variant.
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12
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Molina MF, Papendieck P, Sobrero G, Balbi VA, Belforte FS, Martínez EB, Adrover E, Olcese MC, Chiesa A, Miras MB, González VG, Pio MG, González-Sarmiento R, Targovnik HM, Rivolta CM. Mutational screening of the TPO and DUOX2 genes in Argentinian children with congenital hypothyroidism due to thyroid dyshormonogenesis. Endocrine 2022; 77:86-101. [PMID: 35507000 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03054-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Primary congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common endocrine disease in children and one of the preventable causes of both cognitive and motor deficits. We present a genetic and bioinformatics investigation of rational clinical design in 17 Argentine patients suspected of CH due to thyroid dyshormonogenesis (TDH). METHODS Next-Generation Sequencing approach was used to identify variants in Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO) and Dual Oxidase 2 (DUOX2) genes. A custom panel targeting 7 genes associated with TDH [(TPO), Iodothyrosine Deiodinase I (IYD), Solute Carrier Family 26 Member 4 (SLC26A4), Thyroglobulin (TG), DUOX2, Dual Oxidase Maturation Factor 2 (DUOXA2), Solute Carrier Family 5 Member 5 (SLC5A5)] and 4 associated with thyroid dysembryogenesis [PAX8, FOXE1, NKX2-1, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor (TSHR)] has been designed. Additionally, bioinformatic analysis and structural modeling were carried out to predict the disease-causing potential variants. RESULTS Four novel variants have been identified, two in TPO: c.2749-2 A > C and c.2752_2753delAG, [p.Ser918Cysfs*62] and two variants in DUOX2 gene: c.425 C > G [p.Pro142Arg] and c.2695delC [p.Gln899Serfs*21]. Eighteen identified TPO, DUOX2 and IYD variants were previously described. We identified potentially pahogenic biallelic variants in TPO and DUOX2 in 7 and 2 patients, respectively. We also detected a potentially pathogenic monoallelic variant in TPO and DUOX2 in 7 and 1 patients respectively. CONCLUSIONS 22 variants have been identified associated with TDH. All described novel mutations occur in domains important for protein structure and function, predicting the TDH phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricel F Molina
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Papendieck
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas, CEDIE-CONICET, División Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Sobrero
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Santísima Trinidad, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Viviana A Balbi
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños "Sor María Ludovica", La Plata, Argentina
| | - Fiorella S Belforte
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elena Bueno Martínez
- Unidad de Medicina Molecular-Departamento de Medicina, IBMCC and IBSAL, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, España
| | - Ezequiela Adrover
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María C Olcese
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Chiesa
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas, CEDIE-CONICET, División Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mirta B Miras
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Santísima Trinidad, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Verónica G González
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños "Sor María Ludovica", La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mauricio Gomes Pio
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rogelio González-Sarmiento
- Unidad de Medicina Molecular-Departamento de Medicina, IBMCC and IBSAL, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, España
| | - Héctor M Targovnik
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carina M Rivolta
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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13
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Van Poucke M, Van Renterghem E, Peterson ME, van den Berg MF, Stock E, Peelman LJ, Daminet S. Association of recessive c.430G>A (p.(Gly144Arg)) thyroid peroxidase variant with primary congenital hypothyroidism in cats. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:1597-1606. [PMID: 36054182 PMCID: PMC9511070 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a rare endocrine disorder in cats with a largely unknown genetic cause. OBJECTIVES Describe the clinical presentation of CH in 11 affected cats and identify the causal genetic variant. ANIMALS Eleven CH-cats from 10 unrelated families, 11 CH-free family members, 21 unrelated CH-free cats, and 155 unrelated nondiagnosed cats from different breeds. METHODS Case control study of CH-cats and their siblings (2019-2021). Diagnosis was based on low to low-normal serum thyroxine (T4) concentrations, high thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations and clinical signs compatible with CH. We identified the causal variant using Sanger sequencing, genotyping via PCR-RFLP and variant interpretation using ACMG/AMP guidelines. RESULTS All CH-cats (5 weeks-8 years) had disproportionate dwarfism. A goiter was not palpable in all. Thyroid scintigraphy with radiopertechnetate showed abnormally high uptake by thyroid glands, whereas scintigraphy with radioiodine showed abnormally low uptake, compatible with a defect in iodine organification by thyroid peroxidase (TPO). All cases were homozygous for TPO variant XM_006930524.4:c.430G>A(p.(Gly144Arg)), while none of the CH-free cats were. All sampled parents were heterozygous for this recessive variant. This variant was found in 15 cat breeds with an estimated allele frequency of 9%. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Disproportionate dwarfism, abnormally high TSH and abnormally low to low-normal T4 concentrations are diagnostic for CH in cats. All cases had dyshormonogenesis demonstrated by thyroid scintigraphy. This novel TPO missense variant (not described in humans) causes CH in cats and awareness of it can assist in diagnosis and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Van Poucke
- Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - Emilie Van Renterghem
- Department of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | | | - Marit F. van den Berg
- Department of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - Emmelie Stock
- Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - Luc J. Peelman
- Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - Sylvie Daminet
- Department of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
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14
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Pollé OG, Gheldof A, Lysy PA, Bernard P. Intra-amniotic levothyroxine infusions in a case of fetal goiter due to novel Thyroglobulin gene variants. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:e04565. [PMID: 34484748 PMCID: PMC8405428 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Indications and administration of intra-amniotic infusions of L-thyroxine in the context of non-immune fetal hypothyroidism with goiter lack of standardization. Systematic follow-up of clinical features related to thyroid hormonal homeostasis may be useful to evaluate their efficiency and develop standardized management guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier G. Pollé
- Paediatric Endocrinology UnitCliniques Universitaires Saint‐LucBrusselsBelgium
| | | | - Philippe A. Lysy
- Paediatric Endocrinology UnitCliniques Universitaires Saint‐LucBrusselsBelgium
| | - Pierre Bernard
- Department of ObstetricsCliniques Universitaires Saint‐LucBrusselsBelgium
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15
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Pio MG, Siffo S, Scheps KG, Molina MF, Adrover E, Abelleyro MM, Rivolta CM, Targovnik HM. Curating the gnomAD database: Report of novel variants in the thyrogobulin gene using in silico bioinformatics algorithms. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 534:111359. [PMID: 34119605 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Thyroglobulin (TG) is a large glycosylated protein of 2767 amino acids, secreted by the thyrocytes into the follicular lumen. It plays an essential role in the process of thyroid hormone synthesis. TG gene variants lead to permanent congenital hypothyroidism. In the present work, we report a detailed population and bioinformatic prediction analyses of the TG variants indexed in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). The results showed a clear predominance of nonsense variants in the European (Finnish), European (Non-Finnish) and Ashkenazi Jewish ethnic groups, whereas the splice site variants predominate in South Asian and African/African-American populations. In total, 282 novel TG variants were described (47 missense involving the wild-type cysteine residues, 177 missense located in the ChEL domain and 58 splice site variants) which were not reported in the literature and that would have deleterious effects in prediction programs. In the gnomAD population, the estimated prevalence of heterozygous carriers of the potentially damaging variants was 1:320. In conclusion, we provide an updated and curated reference source for the diagnosis of thyroid disease, mainly to congenital hypothyroidism due to TG deficiency. The identification and characterization of TG variants is undoubtedly a valuable approach to study the TG structure/function relations and an important tool for clinical diagnosis and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Gomes Pio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sofia Siffo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karen G Scheps
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maricel F Molina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiela Adrover
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Miguel M Abelleyro
- CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carina M Rivolta
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Héctor M Targovnik
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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16
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Xue P, Yang Y, Yun Q, Cui Y, Yu B, Long W. Variant of TSHR is Not a Frequent Cause of Congenital Hypothyroidism in Chinese Han Patients. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:4135-4143. [PMID: 34377013 PMCID: PMC8349214 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s322726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To screen variants of the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) gene among congenital hypothyroidism (CH) patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a genetic screening of the TSHR gene in a cohort of 125 Chinese CH patients. Variants were detected by customized targeted next-generation sequencing. RESULTS A total of 11 TSHR missense heterozygous variants were identified in 14 CH patients. Six variants were in the transmembrane domains, four variants were in the leucine-rich repeats and one variant was located in the hinge region of the TSHR protein. p.F525S was the most prevalent variant with an allele frequency of 0.016, followed by p.R450H with an allele frequency of 0.012. The allele frequency of most variants was higher in our cohort than those of other populations. CONCLUSION The prevalence of TSHR variants was 11.2%. Variant p.F525S was the most prevalent variant with an allele frequency of 0.016. The prevalence of TSHR variants was different from other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, Changzhou Children’s Hospital, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Affiliated Changzhou Women and Children’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Yun
- Department of Pediatrics, Changzhou Children’s Hospital, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Cui
- Department of Pediatrics, Changzhou Children’s Hospital, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Affiliated Changzhou Women and Children’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Long
- Department of Medical Genetics, Affiliated Changzhou Women and Children’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Zhang J, Chen R, Shi F, Yang P, Sun K, Yang X, Jin Y. Genome-wide data mining to construct a competing endogenous RNA network and reveal the pivotal therapeutic targets of Parkinson's disease. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:5912-5923. [PMID: 33325158 PMCID: PMC8256352 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative movement disorders, for which there has been no effective treatments. To clarify the pathogenesis of PD, we constructed a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network based on the genome-wide RNA sequencing data. It was found that 92 RNAs were differentially expressed, including 50 mRNAs, 25 miRNAs and 17 lncRNAs, based on which a ceRNA network was constructed and evaluated from 4 aspects of number of nodes, topological coefficients, closeness centrality and betweenness centrality. The functional annotation and enrichment analysis suggested that 6 functional modules, particularly the peripheral nervous system development and toxin metabolic process, dominated the development of PD. To validate the assumption, the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted basing on the genome-wide RNAs regardless whether they were differentially expressed or not. Consistently, the results revealed that dysregulation of MAG, HOXB3, MYRF and PLP1 led to metabolic disorders of sphingolipid and glutathione, which contributed to the pathogenesis of PD. Also, in-depth mining of previous literature confirmed a pivotal role of these dysregulated RNAs, which had been indicated to be potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers of PD. Overall, we constructed a ceRNA network based on the dysregulated mRNAs, lncRNAs and miRNAs in PD, and the aberrant expression of MAG, HOXB3, MYRF and PLP1 caused metabolism disorder of sphingolipid and glutathione, and these genes are of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Ruiying Chen
- Department of neurology, North China University of Science and Technology affiliated hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Fan Shi
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Pan Yang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Kun Sun
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yulan Jin
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
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18
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Citterio CE, Rivolta CM, Targovnik HM. Structure and genetic variants of thyroglobulin: Pathophysiological implications. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 528:111227. [PMID: 33689781 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Thyroglobulin (TG) plays a main role in the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (TH), and, thus, it is involved in a wide range of vital functions throughout the life cycle of all vertebrates. Deficiency of TH production due to TG genetic variants causes congenital hypothyroidism (CH), with devastating consequences such as intellectual disability and impaired growth if untreated. To this day, 229 variations in the human TG gene have been identified while the 3D structure of TG has recently appeared. Although TG deficiency is thought to be of autosomal recessive inheritance, the introduction of massive sequencing platforms led to the identification of a variety of monoallelic TG variants (combined with mutations in other thyroid gene products) opening new questions regarding the possibility of oligogenic inheritance of the disease. In this review we discuss remarkable advances in the understanding of the TG architecture and the pathophysiology of CH associated with TG defects, providing new insights for the management of congenital disorders as well as counseling benefits for families with a history of TG abnormalities. Moreover, we summarize relevant aspects of TH synthesis within TG and offer an updated analysis of animal and cellular models of TG deficiency for pathophysiological studies of thyroid dyshormonogenesis while highlighting perspectives for new investigations. All in all, even though there has been sustained progress in understanding the role of TG in thyroid pathophysiology during the past 50 years, functional characterization of TG variants remains an important area of study for future advancement in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia E Citterio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carina M Rivolta
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Héctor M Targovnik
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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19
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Li L, Jia C, Li X, Wang F, Wang Y, Chen Y, Liu S, Zhao D. Molecular and clinical characteristics of congenital hypothyroidism in a large cohort study based on comprehensive thyroid transcription factor mutation screening in Henan. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 518:162-169. [PMID: 33773966 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital hypothyroidism (CH), the most common neonatal endocrine disorder worldwide, can be caused by variants in thyroid transcription factor (TTF) genes including NKX2-1, FOXE1, PAX8, NKX2-5 and HHEX. This study aims to perform targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel for comprehensive mutation screening on these genes in a cohort of 606 CH patients with various types from Henan Province, China, to investigate the mutation rate of TTF genes, and to analyze the clinical, biochemical and molecular characteristics of our CH cohort. METHODS High-throughput sequencing combined with statistical calculation were applied for mutation screening and analyses of the clinical data. RESULTS Twenty-two likely disease-causing monoallelic mutations in the TTF genes were identified in our cohort (3.63%, 22/606). Mutated PAX8 was the most predominant genetic alteration among these TTF mutations. Interestingly, PAX8 defects were only found in TD cases and variants in the five TTF genes were detected in gland in situ (GIS) patients. CH patients with the same genotype may have significant phenotypic variability and permanent CH (PCH) patients in the GIS group were significantly fewer than those in the TD group. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed the estimated TTF mutation rate among CH cases was 3.63% in Henan Province and genetic alternations in TTF genes played a role not only in TD but also in GIS, especially in goiter. Although we speculated that the five TTF genes may be involved in certain steps of thyroid hormone biosynthesis, more researches are needed to verify the conclusions of the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangshan Li
- Medical Genetic Department, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chenlu Jia
- Department of Henan Newborn Screening Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaole Li
- Department of Henan Newborn Screening Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Endocrinology Department, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yangang Wang
- Endocrinology Department, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanping Chen
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Shiguo Liu
- Medical Genetic Department, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Dehua Zhao
- Department of Henan Newborn Screening Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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20
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Pio MG, Molina MF, Siffo S, Chiesa A, Rivolta CM, Targovnik HM. A novel mutation in intron 11 donor splice site, responsible of a rare genotype in thyroglobulin gene by altering the pre-mRNA splincing process. Cell expression and bioinformatic analysis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 522:111124. [PMID: 33321114 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Thyroglobulin (TG) is a homodimeric glycoprotein synthesized by the thyroid gland. To date, two hundred twenty-seven variations of the TG gene have been identified in humans. Thyroid dyshormonogenesis due to TG gene mutations have an estimated incidence of approximately 1 in 100,000 newborns. The clinical spectrum ranges from euthyroid to mild or severe hypothyroidism. The purpose of the present study was to identify and characterize new variants in the TG gene. We report an Argentine patient with congenital hypothyroidism, enlarged thyroid gland and low levels of serum TG. Sequencing of DNA, expression of chimeric minigenes as well as bioinformatics analysis were performed. DNA sequencing identified the presence of compound heterozygous mutations in the TG gene: the maternal mutation consists of a c.3001+5G > A, whereas the paternal mutation consists of p.Arg296*. Minigen analysis of the variant c.3001+5A performed in HeLa, CV1 and Hek293T cell lines, showed a total lack of transcript expression. So, in order to validate that the loss of expression was caused by such variation, site-directed mutagenesis was performed on the mutated clone, which previously had a pSPL3 vector change, to give rise to a wild-type clone c.3001+5G, endorsing that the mutation c.3001+5G > A is the cause of the total lack of expression. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the c.3001+5G > A mutation causes a rare genotype, altering the splicing of the pre-mRNA. This work contributes to elucidating the molecular bases of TG defects associated with congenital hypothyroidism and expands our knowledge in relation to the pathologic roles of the position 5 in the donor splice site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Gomes Pio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maricel F Molina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sofia Siffo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Chiesa
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas, CEDIE-CONICET, División Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carina M Rivolta
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Héctor M Targovnik
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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21
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Da DZ, Wang Y, Wang M, Long Z, Wang Q, Liu J. Congenital Hypothyroidism Patients With Thyroid Hormone Receptor Variants Are Not Rare: A Systematic Review. INQUIRY : A JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION AND FINANCING 2021; 58:469580211067943. [PMID: 34919466 PMCID: PMC8721697 DOI: 10.1177/00469580211067943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Primary congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a common endocrine and metabolic disease. Various genetic factors, including the thyroid hormone receptor (TSHR), play an important role in CH. Aim To explore the occurrence of pathogenic TSHR variants in CH. Methods We searched published articles in PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases, from the establishment of the database to September 26, 2021. Studies with sequencing partial or full exons of TSHR in CH patients were included. Gene polymorphism was excluded. Results A total of 66 articles (44 case-control studies and 22 case reports) were selected from the database. Though case-control studies, we found the incidence of pathogenic TSHR variants were not rare (range from 0% to 30.6%) and varied greatly in different countries and race. The pathogenic genotypes varied in different regions. All the variants were “loss-of-function” mutations, in which the p.(Arg450His) variant was the most common variant. In addition, we analyzed the case reports and found that CH patients with a family genetic background expressed homozygous genotypes. Homozygotes had more obvious symptoms of hypothyroidism and higher risk of comorbidities than heterozygotes. Conclusion Pathogenic TSHR variants are not uncommon cause of the CH, especially in the Arabs. The role of TSHR gene detection in the treatment of children with CH needs to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Zhu Da
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Vascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Vascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Vascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Long
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Vascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
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22
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Posabella A, Alber AB, Undeutsch HJ, Droeser RA, Hollenberg AN, Ikonomou L, Kotton DN. Derivation of Thyroid Follicular Cells From Pluripotent Stem Cells: Insights From Development and Implications for Regenerative Medicine. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:666565. [PMID: 33959101 PMCID: PMC8095374 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.666565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies to reconstitute in vivo organ function hold great promise for future clinical applications to a variety of diseases. Hypothyroidism resulting from congenital lack of functional thyrocytes, surgical tissue removal, or gland ablation, represents a particularly attractive endocrine disease target that may be conceivably cured by transplantation of long-lived functional thyroid progenitors or mature follicular epithelial cells, provided a source of autologous cells can be generated and a variety of technical and biological challenges can be surmounted. Here we review the emerging literature indicating that thyroid follicular epithelial cells can now be engineered in vitro from the pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) of mice, normal humans, or patients with congenital hypothyroidism. We review the in vivo embryonic development of the thyroid gland and explain how emerging discoveries in developmental biology have been utilized as a roadmap for driving PSCs, which resemble cells of the early embryo, into mature functional thyroid follicles in vitro. Finally, we discuss the bioengineering, biological, and clinical hurdles that now need to be addressed if the goals of life-long cure of hypothyroidism through cell- and/or gene-based therapies are to be attained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Posabella
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- University Center of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases—Clarunis, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea B. Alber
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hendrik J. Undeutsch
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Raoul A. Droeser
- University Center of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases—Clarunis, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anthony N. Hollenberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Laertis Ikonomou
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Darrell N. Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Darrell N. Kotton,
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23
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Yoon JH, Hong AR, Kim HK, Kang HC. Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Arising from Dyshormonogenetic Goiter: c.3070T>C and Novel c.7070T>C Mutation in the Thyroglobulin Gene. Thyroid 2020; 30:1676-1680. [PMID: 32633627 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2020.0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Concomitant thyroid cancer in patients with congenital thyroid dyshormonogenesis (TD) is extremely rare and few cases of differentiated thyroid cancer in patients with TD have been reported thus far. In this study, we describe anaplastic thyroid cancer in a 46-year-old woman with TD who had two germline thyroglobulin (TG) gene mutation, c.3790T>C (p, Cys1264Arg) in exon 17 and a novel c.7070T>C (p.Leu2357Pro) in exon 41 of the TG gene. Two affected younger sisters were also found to have the same TG mutation but not anaplastic thyroid cancer. Any thyroid nodular lesions that develop in patients with TD should be investigated carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hee Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - A Ram Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Cheol Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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24
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Zhao D, Li Y, Shan Z, Teng W, Li J, Teng X. Functional analysis of thyroid peroxidase gene mutations resulting in congenital hypothyroidism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2020; 93:499-507. [PMID: 32424871 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is essential for thyroid hormone biosynthesis. TPO mutations might lead to congenital hypothyroidism. In the present study, we analysed the function of a compound heterozygous TPO mutation in a Chinese family. DESIGN We studied a 23-year-old Chinese girl with a history of growth retardation and severe constipation from the age of 3 months, who was diagnosed as having congenital hypothyroidism. METHODS Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples obtained from the patient's family members. The genomic DNA was sequenced to detect mutations in a panel of genes associated with congenital hypothyroidism. Bioinformatic analysis and structural modelling predicted the potential disease-causing potential mutant genes and the microstructure of the mutant protein, respectively. Western blotting and ELISA were used to measure protein expression, and guaiacol oxidation assay measured the TPO activity of the mutant protein. RESULTS We identified a compound heterozygous mutation (c.C1993T, c.T2473C) in the TPO gene. Bioinformatic analysis predicted that the TPO mutations were potentially disease causing. Structural modelling predicted damage to the microstructure of the mutant TPO protein. Western blotting and ELISA showed reduced protein levels of the mutant TPO protein compared with that of the wild-type protein. The mutant TPO protein showed weaker activity compared with that of the wild-type protein. CONCLUSIONS A novel compound heterozygous mutation of TPO gene was identified in a Chinese family. This mutation might alter the extracellular microstructure of TPO, and decrease its expression and the activity, resulting in congenital hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defa Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrine, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrine, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrine, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weiping Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrine, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrine, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaochun Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrine, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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25
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Upper and Lower Limb Strength and Body Posture in Children with Congenital Hypothyroidism: An Observational Case-Control Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17134830. [PMID: 32635579 PMCID: PMC7370191 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is an endocrine disease with a precocious significant impairment of growth and neuromotor development. Thyroid hormones are essential for central nervous system development, maturation, and myelination. Furthermore, thyroid hormone deficiency affects the function of several systems, including the musculoskeletal system. The disease has a significant incidence in the general population (1:3000-1:2000 newborns in Italy). The aim of the present study was to evaluate any differences in upper and lower limb strength, body sway, and plantar loading distribution in children with CH compared to healthy children. METHODS In this study, the case group was composed of children with CH (CHG), while the control group included healthy children (CG). Both groups comprised 19 children (CHG: female = 12; CG: female = 9). The maximum isometric handgrip strength and explosive-elastic lower limb strength were assessed with the handgrip test and the Sargent test, respectively. The stabilometric and baropodometric analyses were used to measure the Center of Pressure displacements and the plantar loading distribution between feet, respectively. The differences between groups were analyzed by a univariate analysis of covariance using as covariates weight and height with the significant level set at < 0.05. RESULTS We found that CHG children were shorter and thinner than CG ones (p < 0.05). No significant difference in the upper and lower limb strength was found between groups. CHG exhibited a significant greater Sway Path Length (p < 0.01) and Ellipse Surface (p < 0.05) than CG. Moreover, CHG displayed an asymmetric plantar loading distribution with a significant lower percentage in the right than in the left foot (p < 0.05). Moreover, a significant lower plantar loading percentage in the right foot of CHG than in the right foot of CG was observed (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings seem to suggest that CH does not affect muscle strength in early treated children. However, these patients show poor postural control ability and asymmetric plantar loading distribution. Increasing the physical activity in these children could improve their body posture.
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Zhang RJ, Sun F, Chen F, Fang Y, Yan CY, Zhang CR, Ying YX, Wang Z, Zhang CX, Wu FY, Han B, Liang J, Zhao SX, Song HD. The TPO mutation screening and genotype-phenotype analysis in 230 Chinese patients with congenital hypothyroidism. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 506:110761. [PMID: 32088313 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Inborn defects in thyroid hormone biosynthesis contribute to nearly half of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) cases in China. The thyroid peroxidase (TPO) mutation is one of the most frequent mutations that results in thyroid dyshormonogenesis. In this study, 35 non-synonymous mutations in 15 TPO sites, including 6 novel mutations, were identified in 230 Chinese patients with CH. The enzyme activity of the mutations in TPO was investigated in vitro, and patients with less than 15% residual enzyme activity showed severe CH, such as markedly increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) at diagnosis (>100 μIU/mL) and pronounced goiter, and required a higher dose of L-thyroxine to maintain the euthyroid. However, CH patients with greater than 16% TPO activity showed mild CH, a typical childhood socially without L-thyroxine treatment before 3 years of age, and the appearance of a macroscopic goiter at childhood. The findings indicated that the residual enzymatic activity of TPO was correlated with clinical phenotypes of CH patients with TPO biallelic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Jia Zhang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Children's Hospital, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Ya Fang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Chen-Yan Yan
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Chang-Run Zhang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Ying-Xia Ying
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Cao-Xu Zhang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Feng-Yao Wu
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Central Hospital of Xuzhou Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221109, China
| | - Shuang-Xia Zhao
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Huai-Dong Song
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Citterio CE, Siffo S, Moya CM, Pio MG, Molina MF, Scheps KG, Rey OA, Arvan P, Rivolta CM, Targovnik HM. p.L571P in the linker domain of rat thyroglobulin causes intracellular retention. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 505:110719. [PMID: 31972331 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Thyroglobulin (TG), a large glycosylated protein secreted by thyrocytes into the thyroid follicular lumen, plays an essential role in thyroid hormone biosynthesis. Rattus norvegicus TG (rTG) is encoded by a large single copy gene, 186-kb long, located on chromosome 7 composed of 48 exons encoding a 8461-kb mRNA. Although the TG gene displays sequence variability, many missense mutations do not impose any adverse effect on the TG protein, whereas other nucleotide substitutions may affect its TG stability and/or TG intracellular trafficking. In order to gain a further understanding of the protein domains regulating its intracellular fate, we cloned a full-length cDNA from rTG into the pcDNA6/V5-His B expression vector. However, transient expression of the cDNA in HEK293T cells showed that the encoded protein was not a wild-type molecule, as it was unable to be secreted in the culture supernatant. Sequencing analyses revealed three random mutations, which accidentally emerged during the course of cloning: c.1712T>C [p.L571P] in the linker domain (amino acid positions 360 to 604), c.2027A>G [p.Q676R] in TG type 1-6 repeat and c.2720A>G [p.Q907R] in the TG type 1-7 repeat. Expression of cDNAs encoding a combination of two mutations [p.Q676R-p.Q907R], [p.L571P-p.Q907R] or [p.L571P-p.Q676R] indicated that any TG bearing the p.L571P substitution was trapped intracellularly. Indeed, we expressed the single point mutant p.L571P and confirmed that this point mutation was sufficient to cause intracellular retention of mutant TG in HEK293T cells. Endo H analysis showed that the p.L571P mutant is completely sensitive to the enzyme, whereas the will-type TG acquires full N-glycan modifications in Golgi apparatus. This data suggest that the p.L571P mutant contains the mannose-type N-glycan, that was added at the first stage of glycosylation. Complex-type N-glycan formation in the Golgi apparatus does not occur, consistent with defective endoplasmic reticulum exit of the mutant TG. Moreover, predictive analysis of the 3D linker domain showed that the p.L571P mutation would result in a significant protein conformational change. In conclusion, our studies identified a novel amino acid residue within the linker domain of TG associated with its conformational maturation and intracellular trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia E Citterio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sofia Siffo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Christian M Moya
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauricio Gomes Pio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maricel F Molina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karen G Scheps
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Osvaldo A Rey
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Carina M Rivolta
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Héctor M Targovnik
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Morishita Y, Kabil O, Young KZ, Kellogg AP, Chang A, Arvan P. Thyrocyte cell survival and adaptation to chronic endoplasmic reticulum stress due to misfolded thyroglobulin. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:6876-6887. [PMID: 32241916 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The large secretory glycoprotein thyroglobulin is the primary translation product of thyroid follicular cells. This difficult-to-fold protein is susceptible to structural alterations that disable export of the misfolded thyroglobulin from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is a known cause of congenital hypothyroidism characterized by severe chronic thyrocyte ER stress. Nevertheless, individuals with this disease commonly grow a goiter, indicating thyroid cell survival and adaptation. To model these processes, here we continuously exposed rat PCCL3 thyrocytes to tunicamycin, which causes a significant degree of ER stress that is specifically attributable to thyroglobulin misfolding. We found that, in response, PCCL3 cells down-regulate expression of the "tunicamycin transporter" (major facilitator superfamily domain containing-2A, Mfsd2a). Following CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Mfsd2a deletion, PCCL3 cells could no longer escape the chronic effects of high-dose tunicamycin, as demonstrated by persistent accumulation of unglycosylated thyroglobulin; nevertheless, these thyrocytes survived and grew. A proteomic analysis of these cells adapted to chronic ER protein misfolding revealed many hundreds of up-regulated proteins, indicating stimulation of ER chaperones, oxidoreductases, stress responses, and lipid biosynthesis pathways. Further, we noted increased phospho-AMP-kinase, suggesting up-regulated AMP-kinase activity, and decreased phospho-S6-kinase and protein translation, suggesting decreased mTOR activity. These changes are consistent with conserved cell survival/adaptation pathways. We also observed a less-differentiated thyrocyte phenotype with decreased PAX8, FOXE1, and TPO protein levels, along with decreased thyroglobulin mRNA levels. In summary, we have developed a model of thyrocyte survival and growth during chronic continuous ER stress that recapitulates features of congenital hypothyroid goiter caused by mutant thyroglobulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Morishita
- The Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105.,Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195 Japan
| | - Omer Kabil
- The Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | - Kelly Z Young
- The Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | - Aaron P Kellogg
- The Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | - Amy Chang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Peter Arvan
- The Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
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