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Ramos PM, Scheffler TL, Beline M, Bodmer J, Gerrard DE, Silva SL. Challenges and opportunities of using Bos indicus cattle to meet consumers' demand for quality beef. Meat Sci 2024; 207:109375. [PMID: 37924645 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Beef consumption is expected to increase worldwide, which necessitates the use of Bos indicus cattle that are well-adapted to harsher climates, like the tropics. Yet, beef from these cattle is considered inferior to that of Bos taurus breeds, primarily due to lowered tenderness values and reduced intramuscular fat content. However, the benefits of using Bos indicus genetics are numerous and undeniable. Herein, we explore how decreases in meat quality in these cattle may be offset by increases in livability. Further, we review the knowledge surrounding beef tenderness and explore the processes occurring during the early events of the transformation of muscle to meat that are different in this biological type and may be altered by stress. Growth rate, calpastatin activity and mitochondrial function will be discussed as they relate to tenderness. The opportunities of using Bos indicus cattle are of great interest to the beef industry worldwide, especially given the pressures for enhancing the overall sustainability and carbon footprint of this sector. Delivering a consistently high-quality product for consumers by exploiting Bos indicus genetics in a more sustainable manner will be proposed. Information on novel factors that influence the conversion of muscle to meat is explored to provide insights into opportunities for maximizing beef tenderization and maturation across all cattle. Exploring the use of Bos indicus cattle in modern production schemes, while addressing the mechanisms undergirding meat tenderness should provide the industry with a path forward for building greater demand through producing higher quality beef.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M Ramos
- Animal Science Department, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Tracy L Scheffler
- Animal Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mariane Beline
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Jocelyn Bodmer
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - David E Gerrard
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Saulo Luz Silva
- Animal Science Department, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
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Santiago B, Baldassini W, Neto OM, Chardulo LA, Torres R, Pereira G, Curi R, Chiaratti MR, Padilha P, Alessandroni L, Gagaoua M. Post-mortem muscle proteome of crossbred bulls and steers: Relationships with carcass and meat quality. J Proteomics 2023; 278:104871. [PMID: 36898612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.104871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the skeletal muscle proteome of crossbred bulls and steers with the aim of explaining the differences in carcass and meat quality traits. Therefore, 640 post-weaning Angus-Nellore calves were fed a high-energy diet for a period of 180 days. In the feedlot trial, comparisons of steers (n = 320) and bulls (n = 320) showed lower (P < 0.01) average daily gain (1.38 vs. 1.60 ± 0.05 kg/d), final body weight (547.4 vs. 585.1 ± 9.3 kg), which resulted in lower hot carcass weight (298.4 vs. 333.7 ± 7.7 kg) and ribeye area (68.6 vs. 81.0 ± 2.56 cm2). Steers had higher (P < 0.01) carcass fatness, meat color parameters (L*, a*, b*, chroma (C*), hue (h°)) and lower ultimate pH. Moreover, lower (P < 0.01) Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) were observed in steers compared to bulls (WBSF = 3.68 vs. 4.97 ± 0.08 kg; and 3.19 vs. 4.08 ± 0.08 kg). The proteomic approach using two-dimensional electrophoresis, mass spectrometry and bioinformatics procedures revealed several differentially expressed proteins between steers and bulls (P < 0.05). Interconnected pathways and substantial changes were revealed in biological processes, molecular functions, and cellular components between the post-mortem muscle proteomes of the compared animals. Steers had increased (P < 0.05) abundance of proteins related to energy metabolism (CKM, ALDOA, and GAPDH), and bulls had greater abundance of proteins associated with catabolic (glycolysis) processes (PGM1); oxidative stress (HSP60, HSPA8 and GSTP1); and muscle structure and contraction (TNNI2 and TNNT3). The better carcass (fatness and marbling degree) and meat quality traits (tenderness and color parameters) of steers were associated with higher abundance of key proteins of energy metabolism and lower abundance of enzymes related to catabolic processes, oxidative stress, and proteins of muscle contraction SIGNIFICANCE: Sexual condition of cattle is known to be an important factor affecting animal performances and growth as well as the carcass and meat quality traits. The investigation of skeletal muscle proteome help a better understanding of the origin of the differences in quality traits between bulls and steers. The inferior meat quality of bulls was found to be due to the greater expression of proteins associated with primary and catabolic processes, oxidative stress, and muscle contraction. Steers had greater expression of proteins, from which several are known biomarkers of beef quality (mainly tenderness).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bismarck Santiago
- School of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900 Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Welder Baldassini
- School of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900 Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-681 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Otávio Machado Neto
- School of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900 Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-681 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Luis Artur Chardulo
- School of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900 Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-681 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Torres
- School of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900 Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Pereira
- School of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900 Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-681 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rogério Curi
- School of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14884-900 Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-681 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Roberto Chiaratti
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Departamento de Genética e Evolução, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Padilha
- Institute of Bioscience (IB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, 18618-689 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laura Alessandroni
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (CHIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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Baldassini W, Coutinho M, Rovadoscki G, Menezes B, Tagiariolli M, Torrecilhas J, Leonel J, Pereira G, Curi R, Machado Neto O, Chardulo LA. Bos indicus Carcasses Suspended by the Pelvic Bone Require a Shorter Aging Time to Meet Consumer Expectations Regarding Meat Quality. Foods 2023; 12:foods12050930. [PMID: 36900447 PMCID: PMC10000897 DOI: 10.3390/foods12050930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of hanging the carcass by the Achilles tendon (AS) versus pelvic suspension (PS) on meat quality traits. Bos indicus carcasses of two distinct biological types/sex categories comprised 10 young Brangus heifers and 10 Nellore bulls which were finished in a feedlot. Half-carcasses of each biological type/sex category were randomly hung using Achilles suspension (n = 20, AS) or pelvic suspension (n = 20, PS) for 48 h. At boning, longissimus samples were collected for evaluation by untrained consumers for tenderness, liking of flavor, juiciness and overall acceptability, after aging for 5 or 15 days. Objective samples were also tested for shear force (SF), Minolta meat colour, ultimate pH, cooking loss (CL) and purge loss (PL). There was a positive effect (p < 0.01) of PS on the sensory tenderness of Nellore bulls and Brangus heifers aged for 5 days compared to the AS method. At 15 days of aging, difference in sensory tenderness was observed (p < 0.05) in either group. Additionally, an interaction occurred between the suspension method and the aging of Nellore beef (p < 0.05) on liking of flavor, juiciness and overall acceptance, while the same effects were not observed for Brangus beef (p > 0.05). Nellore carcasses submitted to PS tended (p = 0.06) to produce more tender meat than those submitted to AS (SF = 44.62 ± 6.96 vs. 50.41 ± 8.04 N), and lower CL (p < 0.05) were found (27.7 vs. 30.9%). Carcass-suspension methods did not influence meat color, pH or PL in either group (p > 0.05). The PS contributes to improve the quality of Bos indicus bulls loins; in addition, this method allows a reduction in the aging time from 15 to 5 days, and it can be used to supply meat consumer markets which accept a certain level of eating quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Welder Baldassini
- Animal Nutrition and Breeding Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil
- Animal Science Department, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Marcelo Coutinho
- Research and Development Department, Brazil Beef Quality Ltd., Piracicaba 13415-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Gregori Rovadoscki
- Research and Development Department, Brazil Beef Quality Ltd., Piracicaba 13415-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Menezes
- Research and Development Department, Brazil Beef Quality Ltd., Piracicaba 13415-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Murilo Tagiariolli
- Animal Science Department, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Torrecilhas
- Animal Science Department, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Júlia Leonel
- Animal Nutrition and Breeding Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Pereira
- Animal Nutrition and Breeding Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil
- Animal Science Department, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Rogério Curi
- Animal Nutrition and Breeding Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil
- Animal Science Department, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Otávio Machado Neto
- Animal Nutrition and Breeding Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil
- Animal Science Department, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Artur Chardulo
- Animal Nutrition and Breeding Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil
- Animal Science Department, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
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Skeletal muscle gene expression and meat quality of F1 Angus-Nellore young steers and bulls feedlot finished. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Severino M, Gagaoua M, Baldassini W, Ribeiro R, Torrecilhas J, Pereira G, Curi R, Chardulo LA, Padilha P, Neto OM. Proteomics Unveils Post-Mortem Changes in Beef Muscle Proteins and Provides Insight into Variations in Meat Quality Traits of Crossbred Young Steers and Heifers Raised in Feedlot. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012259. [PMID: 36293120 PMCID: PMC9603352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteomics has been widely used to study muscle biology and meat quality traits from different species including beef. Beef proteomics studies allow a better understanding of the biological processes related to meat quality trait determination. This study aimed to decipher by means of two-dimensional electrophoresis (2D-PAGE), mass spectrometry and bioinformatics the changes in post-mortem muscle with a focus on proteins differentially expressed in the Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle of immunocastrated young heifers and steers. Carcass traits, chemical composition, pH, instrumental color (L*, a*, b*), cooking loss and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) of meat from F1 Montana-Nellore cattle were also evaluated. Backfat thickness (BFT) and intramuscular fat content (IMF) were 46.8% and 63.6% higher in heifers (p < 0.05), respectively, while evaporation losses (EL) were 10.22% lower compared to steers. No differences (p > 0.05) were observed for tenderness evaluated by WBSF (3, 10, and 17 days post-mortem), pH, and color traits (L*, a* and b*) between the experimental groups. The study revealed several proteins to be differentially expressed proteins in heifers compared steers (p < 0.05). In heifers, proteins involved in nutrient transport (TF, ALB, and MB), energy metabolism (ALDOA, GAPDH, and PKM), and oxidative stress and response to stress (HSPA8 and CA3) were associated with a greater BFT and IMF deposition. The higher expression of these proteins indicated greater oxidative capacity and lower glycolytic activity in the LT muscle of heifers. In steers, there was greater abundance of protein expression related to muscle contraction and proteins of structure (ACTA1, TPM2 and TNNT3), energy metabolism (ENO1, ENO3, PYGM, PGM1 and TPI1) and ATP metabolism (ATP5F1B, PEBP1 and AK1), indicating greater glycogenolysis in LT muscle, suggesting a shift in the glycolytic/oxidative fibers of steers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Severino
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Mohammed Gagaoua
- Food Quality and Sensory Science Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, D15 DY05 Dublin, Ireland
- Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique Pour l’Animal et les Systèmes d’Élevage (PEGASE), INRAE, Institut Agro, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France
- Correspondence: or (M.G.); (O.M.N.)
| | - Welder Baldassini
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo 14884-900, Brazil
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Richard Ribeiro
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Juliana Torrecilhas
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Pereira
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo 14884-900, Brazil
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Rogério Curi
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo 14884-900, Brazil
- Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique Pour l’Animal et les Systèmes d’Élevage (PEGASE), INRAE, Institut Agro, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France
| | - Luis Artur Chardulo
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo 14884-900, Brazil
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Pedro Padilha
- Institute of Bioscience (IB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Otávio Machado Neto
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo 14884-900, Brazil
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo 18618-681, Brazil
- Correspondence: or (M.G.); (O.M.N.)
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Teixeira ODES, Machado DS, Pereira LB, Reis NP, Domingues CC, Klein JL, Cattelam J, Nörnberg JL, Alves Filho DC, Brondani IL. Main altered characteristics in the meat of young cattle of different sexual conditions supplemented in tropical pasture. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20210302. [PMID: 35920487 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220210302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to identify the predominant variables in the differentiation of meat quality of cattle submitted to surgical castration, immunocastration, or non-castration and finished in a tropical pasture. Thirty-nine crossbred cattle were used and distributed in three treatments: i) surgical castration; ii) immunocastration; and iii) non-castration, with an initial mean age of 14.06±0.72 months and a mean weight of 284.10±31.40 kg. We used the principal component analysis to differentiate the qualitative meat characteristics between the treatments. Based on that analysis, we found that the first three principal components explained 71.44% of the total variation in the meat quality data, which ensures that the variation found is associated with the effect of the treatments. The characteristics correlated with the first three principal components and responsible for the discrimination between sexual conditions were subcutaneous fat thickness, instrumental meat color, cooking loss and shear force. These characteristics were similar among castrated animals, regardless of the methods. Therefore, immunological castration preserves the attributes of the meat and prevents possible damage to the physical and mental integrity of the animals. Finally, principal component analysis is an important methodology in the objective investigation of beef meat attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odilene DE S Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Zootecnia, Campus Sede, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Diego S Machado
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Farroupilha, Campus Alegrete, RS-377, Km 27, Passo Novo, 97555-000 Alegrete, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas B Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Zootecnia, Campus Sede, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Nathália P Reis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Zootecnia, Campus Sede, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Camille C Domingues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Zootecnia, Campus Sede, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - John L Klein
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Zootecnia, Campus Sede, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jonatas Cattelam
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde, Bem-Estar e Produção Animal Sustentável na Fronteira Sul, Universidade Federal da Fronteira do Sul, Campus de Realeza, Avenida Edmundo Gaievski, 1000, Rodovia BR-182, Km 466, 85770-000 Realeza, PR, Brazil
| | - José L Nörnberg
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos, Campus Sede, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Dari C Alves Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Zootecnia, Campus Sede, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ivan L Brondani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Zootecnia, Campus Sede, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Salim A, Ferrari R, Monteiro M, Mano S. Effect of different feeding systems on color of longissimus muscle from Bos cattle: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Meat Sci 2022; 192:108871. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Macedo VP, Ribeiro RDX, de Araújo SA, Souza MNS, de Andrade EA, Di Mambro Ribeiro CV, de Souza CO, Silva TM, Barbosa AM, Bezerra LR, da Silva Júnior JM, Oliveira RL. Physicochemical composition, fatty acid profile and sensory attributes of meat (longissimus lumborum muscle) from Nellore and Nellore-cross bulls. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:47. [PMID: 35018555 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03059-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the physicochemical characteristics, fatty acid composition, and sensory attributes of the meat from three genetic groups: Nellore (Nell), ½ Nellore × ½ Angus (NeAn), and ¼ Nellore × ¼ Angus × ½ Senepol (NASe). Longissimus lumborum muscle from 30 slaughtered bulls with a body weight of 549 ± 32.5 kg was used. The water holding capacity was greater for the Nell and NeAn groups than for the NASe group. Meat samples from the NASe group exhibited a higher L* index than those from the NeAn group and lower a* and b* color indexes than those from the Nell group. The meat fatty acid profiles showed that the Nell group had higher concentrations of 12:0, 14:0, 18:1 t11, 14:1 c9, 16:1 c9, 18:1 c9, 18:1 c11, 18:2 c9, t11 (conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)), and 20:3 n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) than the NeAn and NASe groups. The total saturated (ΣSFA), unsaturated (ΣUFA), and monounsaturated (ΣMUFA) fatty acid concentrations were higher and the ΣPUFA:ΣSFA ratio was lower in the Nell group than in the NeAn group. The Δ9-desaturase C16 activity was significantly higher in the Nell and NASe groups than in the NeAn group. The atherogenicity index (AI) tended to be lower in the crossbreeds than in the Nell breed. The NASe group presented meat with better tenderness, juiciness, and overall acceptance than the Nell and NeAn groups and was therefore the best genetic group for beef production of the tested groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Pereira Macedo
- Food Science Graduate Program, Pharmacy College, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Ademar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170115, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Dantas Xavier Ribeiro
- Food Science Graduate Program, Pharmacy College, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Ademar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170115, Brazil
| | - Sergiane Alves de Araújo
- Food Science Graduate Program, Pharmacy College, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Ademar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170115, Brazil
| | - Mateus Neto Silva Souza
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Ademar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170110, Brazil
| | - Ederson Américo de Andrade
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Ademar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170110, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Vaz Di Mambro Ribeiro
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Ademar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170110, Brazil
| | - Carolina Oliveira de Souza
- Food Science Graduate Program, Pharmacy College, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Ademar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170115, Brazil
| | - Thadeu Mariniello Silva
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Ademar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170110, Brazil
| | - Analívia Martins Barbosa
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Ademar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170110, Brazil
| | - Leilson Rocha Bezerra
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Avenida Universitária, s/n - Jatobá, Patos, Paraíba, 58708110, Brazil
| | - Jarbas Miguel da Silva Júnior
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Ademar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170110, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Ademar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170110, Brazil.
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9
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Caetano M, Goulart RS, Silva SL, Leme PR, Pflanzer SB, dos Santos ACR, Lanna DPD. Effects of the Duration of Zilpaterol Hydrochloride Supplementation and Days on Feed on Performance, Carcass Traits and Saleable Meat Yield of Nellore Bulls. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082450. [PMID: 34438906 PMCID: PMC8388753 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) is a β-adrenergic agonist (βAA) to be feed to feedlot cattle at a rate of 8.3 mg/kg during the final 20 to 40 d of the finishing period followed by a minimum 3 d withdrawal period. This compound has the potential to increase animal performance, improve carcass weight and meat yield. Although significant information regarding the effects of duration of ZH supplementation and days on the feed of Bos taurus cattle has been provided, there is a lack of information relative to its effects on Bos indicus breeds such as Nellore cattle. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of the duration of ZH supplementation and DOF on performance, carcass characteristics, and saleable meat yield of Nellore bulls. The HCW and total saleable meat yield linearly increased with the duration of ZH supplementation as well as when the length of the feedlot period increased. We recommend supplementing ZH for Nellore bulls at least for 20 days, independently of days on feed, to improve hot carcass weight, hindquarter, and saleable meat yields of Nellore bulls. Abstract This study evaluated the effects of the duration of ZH supplementation and days on feed (DOF) on performance, carcass characteristics, and saleable meat yield of Nellore young bulls. The fixed effects included the duration (0, 20, 30, or 40 d before slaughter plus a 3 d ZH withdrawal period—8.33 mg of ZH/kg of DM) and DOF (90 and 117 d). Feed efficiency (G:F) linearly increased when the duration of ZH supplementation increased (p < 0.01). Nellore bulls fed ZH had greater HCW (p < 0.01), dressing percentage (p < 0.01) and Longissimus muscle area (LMA) (p < 0.01), but less 12th-rib fat (p = 0.04) than the control group. The hot carcass weight (HCW) (p < 0.01), and dressing percentage increased linearly (p < 0.01) with the increase of duration of ZH supplementation. The HCW, ossification, and 12th-rib fat increased with DOF (p < 0.01). The ZH supplemented group had most of the individual cuts of hindquarters and total saleable meat increased compared with the control. Zilpaterol hydrochloride was effective in improving hot carcass weight, hindquarter, and saleable meat yields of Nellore bulls when fed for at least 20 d before slaughter, independently of days on feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Caetano
- Davies Livestock Research Centre, Department of Animal and Veterinary Bioscience, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Roseworthy Campus, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia;
| | - Rodrigo S. Goulart
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (S.L.S.); (P.R.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Saulo L. Silva
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (S.L.S.); (P.R.L.)
| | - Paulo R. Leme
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (S.L.S.); (P.R.L.)
| | - Sérgio B. Pflanzer
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Engineering, The University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil;
| | - Antonio C. R. dos Santos
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz, Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil; (A.C.R.d.S.); (D.P.D.L.)
| | - Dante P. D. Lanna
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz, Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil; (A.C.R.d.S.); (D.P.D.L.)
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10
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R. Huenchullan P, Vidal S, Larraín R, Saénz L. Effectiveness of a New Recombinant antiGnRH Vaccine for Immunocastration in Bulls. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051359. [PMID: 34064713 PMCID: PMC8151010 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Castration of males is a common procedure in cattle production. Surgical procedures are most commonly used, but there is an increasing interest in non-invasive alternatives to avoid risk of infection, bleeding, pain, stress and to improve animal welfare. Immunization against gonadotropin-releasing hormone is currently being used in livestock, but there is only one commercially available vaccine for cattle and results regarding the number of doses needed to maintain castration are variable. The efficacy, safety, and production parameters of a new antigen for immunocastration in bulls was assessed. Results showed that two doses of the vaccine to 40 10-month-old bulls achieved testosterone suppression below productive performance. Live weight at slaughter and carcass yield was greater in immunized animals than in surgically castrated cattle. Castration effects of the vaccine were maintained until the end of the trial at 24 weeks. Abstract Castration by surgical techniques is common in livestock; however, post-surgery complications and concerns for animal wellbeing have created a need for new non-invasive alternatives. The objective of this study was to evaluate immunocastration in bulls using antigen GnRX G/Q; a recombinant peptide proved to be effective in laboratory and companion animals. A nine-month trial with 80 9-month-old Normand x Hereford bulls, kept in a pastured system, was conducted. The herd was divided in half with 40 bulls surgically castrated (SC) and 40 castrated by immunization against GnRH (IC). The antigen was injected on days 0 and 40 of the experiment. After the second dose, the IC group had elevated GnRH antibodies and decreased testosterone levels (below 5 ng/mL) that were maintained for 23 weeks. At slaughter on day 190, the immunocastrated group obtained a higher weight, hot carcass, and dressing percentage than the SC group. There was no difference in pH, color of meat, fat coverage, cooking loss, or tenderness between groups. The bulls showed no inflammatory reaction at the injection site or adverse side effects from the vaccine. Our results demonstrate that immunocastration with GnRX G/Q is an efficient and safe alternative to surgical castration in livestock. Additional work evaluating antigen effects over a longer period is needed to validate commercial viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula R. Huenchullan
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Silvoagropecuarias y Veterinarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile;
| | - Sonia Vidal
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile;
| | - Rafael Larraín
- Departamento de Ciencias Animales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal de la Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
| | - Leonardo Saénz
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile;
- Correspondence:
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11
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Santiago BM, Baldassini WA, de Aquino Tomaz L, Rocha LC, Dos Santos WB, Curi RA, Chardulo LAL, Machado Neto OR. Comparison of Dental Carcass Maturity in Non-Castrated Male F1 Angus-Nellore Cattle Finished in Feedlot. Food Sci Anim Resour 2021; 41:554-562. [PMID: 34017961 PMCID: PMC8112317 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2021.e16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental classification of carcasses is used as a parameter of cattle maturity at slaughter, and it can influence carcass and meat quality traits. Brazilian beef-packing companies use the number of permanent incisor (PI) teeth as a parameter for bonus and certification of carcasses with superior quality. However, when non-castrated male such as F1 Angus-Nellore (Bos taurus×Bos indicus) are slaughtered, only animals without PI teeth are subsidized by the breed association. We evaluated these animals finished in feedlot for 180 days with zero versus two PI teeth on the carcass and meat quality traits. At the time of slaughter, 88 carcasses were selected, forming two treatments according to dental carcass maturity (0 versus 2 PI teeth; 44 animals per category). It was demonstrated that the number of PI teeth (0 versus 2 PI) did not influence (p>0.05) carcass (weights, yield, cooling loss, ribeye area and the backfat thickness) and meat quality traits (Longissimus thoracis chemical composition, color, cooking losses, shear force and pH). Thus, dental carcass maturity (zero versus two PI teeth) does not influence non-castrated male F1 Angus-Nellore finished in feedlot for 180 days. This is the first study to demonstrate that carcasses of non-castrated male F1 Angus-Nellore with two PI teeth should be subsidized in a similar way to those with zero PI teeth. Moreover, Brazilian beef-packing companies could produce heavier and leaner carcasses of acceptable quality though the use of crossbred cattle such as non-castrated F1 Angus Nellore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bismarck Moreira Santiago
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (FCAV UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Welder Angelo Baldassini
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (FCAV UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.,College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (FMVZ UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laís de Aquino Tomaz
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (FCAV UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leone Campos Rocha
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (FMVZ UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wellington Bizarria Dos Santos
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (FCAV UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rogério Abdallah Curi
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (FCAV UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.,College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (FMVZ UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Artur Loyola Chardulo
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (FCAV UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.,College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (FMVZ UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Otávio Rodrigues Machado Neto
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (FCAV UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.,College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (FMVZ UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Carcass and meat quality of Nellore cattle (Bos taurus indicus) belonging to the breeding programs. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Lopes LSF, Ferreira MS, Baldassini WA, Curi RA, Pereira GL, Machado Neto OR, Oliveira HN, Silva JAIV, Munari DP, Chardulo LAL. Application of the principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and partial least square regression on crossbreed Angus-Nellore bulls feedlot finished. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:3655-3664. [PMID: 32960399 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02402-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Principal component analysis (PCA) and the non-hierarchical clustering analysis (K-means) were used to characterize the most important variables from carcass and meat quality traits of crossbred cattle. Additionally, partial least square (PLS) regression analysis was applied between the carcass measurements and meat quality traits on the classes defined by the cluster analysis. Ninety-seven non-castrated F1 Angus-Nellore bulls feedlot finished were used. After slaughter, hot carcass weight, carcass yield, cold carcass weight, carcass weight losses, pH, and backfat thickness (BFT) were measured. Subsequently, samples of the longissimus thoracis were collected to analyze shear force (SF), cooking loss (CL), meat color (L*, chroma, and hue), intramuscular fat, protein, collagen, moisture, and ashes. Principal component 1 (PC1) was correlated with colorimetric variables, while PC2 was correlated with carcass weights. Afterwards, three clusters (k = 3) were formed and projected in the gradient defined by PC1 and PC2 and allowed distinguishing groups with divergent values for collagen, protein, moisture, CL, SF, and BFT. Animals from high chroma group presented meat with more attractive colors and tenderness (SF = 1.97 to 4.84 kg). Subsequently, the PLS regression on the three chroma groups revealed a good fitness and the coefficients are used to predict the chroma variable from the explanatory variables, which may have practical importance in attempts to predict meat color from carcass and meat quality traits. Thus, PCA, K-means, and PLS regression confirmed the relationship between meat color and tenderness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas S F Lopes
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mateus S Ferreira
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Welder A Baldassini
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Rogério A Curi
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme L Pereira
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Otávio R Machado Neto
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.,College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henrique N Oliveira
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J Augusto Ii V Silva
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.,College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danísio P Munari
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Artur L Chardulo
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.,College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Antonelo D, Gómez J, Goulart R, Beline M, Cônsolo N, Corte R, Silva H, Ferrinho A, Pereira A, Gerrard D, Silva S. Performance, carcass traits, meat quality and composition of non-castrated Nellore and crossbred male cattle fed soybean oil. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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15
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Needham T, Kotrba R, Hoffman LC, Bureš D. Ante-and post-mortem strategies to improve the meat quality of high-value muscles harvested from farmed male common eland (Taurotragus oryx). Meat Sci 2020; 168:108183. [PMID: 32438250 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of immunocastration, pelvic suspension and wet ageing on the meat quality of the longissimus lumborum et thoracis (LTL) and biceps femoris (BF) muscles of male common eland were evaluated. Ten subadult males were either immunocastrated (n = 5) or remained intact (n = 5) throughout a four-month growth trial, after which their carcass sides were randomly allocated to either pelvic- or Achilles-suspension. The LTL and BF were further aged for 14 days, measuring changes in the physical quality weekly. The sensory quality of the LTL and BF were determined after ageing (8/9 days, respectively). Immunocastration had minimal effects on the meat quality of male eland, but pelvic suspension decreased the shear force. All muscles reached minimum shear force after seven days of ageing, and the panellists ranked the pelvic-suspended muscles higher for tenderness traits. Incorporating pelvic suspension and wet ageing into the commercial processing of eland carcasses should be considered to improve overall meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tersia Needham
- Department of Animal Science and Food Processing, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague, Suchdol 165 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Radim Kotrba
- Department of Animal Science and Food Processing, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague, Suchdol 165 00, Czech Republic; Department of Ethology, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, Prague 10- Uhříněves, 104 00, Czech Republic
| | - Louwrens C Hoffman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, 39 Kessels Rd, Coopers Plains 4108. Australia
| | - Daniel Bureš
- Department of Cattle Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, Prague 10- Uhříněves, 104 00, Czech Republic; Department of Food Quality, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague, Suchdol 165 00, Czech Republic
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16
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de Nadai Bonin M, da Luz E Silva S, Bünger L, Ross D, Dias Feijó GL, da Costa Gomes R, Palma Rennó F, de Almeida Santana MH, Marcondes de Rezende F, Vinhas Ítavo LC, de Novais FJ, Surita LMA, de Nadai Bonin M, Filgueira Pereira MW, Ferraz JBS. Predicting the shear value and intramuscular fat in meat from Nellore cattle using Vis-NIR spectroscopy. Meat Sci 2020; 163:108077. [PMID: 32066001 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Visible and near-infrared spectroscopy (Vis-NIRS) was tested for its effectiveness in predicting intramuscular fat (IMF) and WBSF in Nellore steers. Beef samples from longissimus thoracis, aged for either 2 or 7 days, had their spectra collected for wavelengths ranging from 400 to 1395 nm. Partial least squares regression models were developed for each trait. Determination coefficients of calibration models for WBSF ranged from 0.17 to 0.53. Considering WBSF in samples aged for 2 days, Vis-NIR correctly classified 100% of tough samples (>45 N), but wrongly classified all tender samples (≤45 N) as tough. Determination coefficients of calibration models for IMF ranged from 0.12 to 0.14. Vis-NIRS is a useful tool for identifying tough beef, but it is less effective in predicting tender samples and IMF. Additional studies are necessary to generate more robust models for the prediction of intramuscular fat in intact meat samples of Nellore cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina de Nadai Bonin
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 2443, 79074-460 Campo Grande, Brazil.
| | - Saulo da Luz E Silva
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900 Pirassununga, Brazil.
| | - Lutz Bünger
- AnGeCo, Edinburgh EH17 7LD, house 48, Scotland, UK.
| | - Dave Ross
- Scottish Rural College, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, Edinburgh, UK.
| | | | | | - Francisco Palma Rennó
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900 Pirassununga, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Luis Carlos Vinhas Ítavo
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 2443, 79074-460 Campo Grande, Brazil.
| | - Francisco José de Novais
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900 Pirassununga, Brazil.
| | - Lucy Mery Antonia Surita
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 2443, 79074-460 Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Nadai Bonin
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 2443, 79074-460 Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Marilia Williane Filgueira Pereira
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 2443, 79074-460 Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - José Bento Sterman Ferraz
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900 Pirassununga, Brazil.
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17
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Anaruma RJ, Reis LG, de Felício PE, Pflanzer SB, Rossi S, Zanetti MA, Cônsolo NRB, L. Silva S, Netto AS. Castration age and growth, meat production and meat quality of Nellore male cattle. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an18460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Castration in beef cattle production has been proposed to reduce sexual and aggressive behaviour, increase carcass fat deposition, and improve meat quality traits, such as tenderness and juiciness. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the age of castration on performance, subprimal yield and meat quality of Nellore cattle raised on a pasture system. A total of 24 Nellore males were raised in a grass-fed system with Brachiaria brizantha since birth until slaughter (at 30 months old). Three treatments were assigned: castration at weaning (CW); castration at 20 months old (C20); and intact bulls (NoC). Males were weighed, and muscle and fat thickness were periodically evaluated by ultrasonography. The cold carcass weight, dressing and carcass pH (pH 24), and subprimal cut weights were recorded after 24 h of chilling. Samples of Longissimus lumborum (LL) were taken to measure meat quality traits. Animals that were castrated at weaning had lower bodyweight after 10 months of age with no changes in the supplement intakes, average daily gain, hot carcass weight and cold carcass weight compared with NoC. Intact males had greater cooking losses and carcass yield compared with others, with no differences for LL pH 24 according to the treatments. The castration did not change the LL muscle area, but decreased total forequarter, chunk, shoulder and eye of round weights, and increased the back fat over LL and rump fat. Animals castrated at weaning had higher marbling compared with others. In addition, regardless of age, castration improved tenderness, increased LL total lipids and decreased moisture compared with NoC. For sensory property, steers castrated at 20 months of age had lower juiciness, and NoC had a greater global sensory property compared with steers castrated at 20 months old. In conclusion, steers castrated at weaning had lower growth rate, final bodyweight and meat production compared with intact males. However, when castration was performed at 20 months, animals did not differ in most cases from castration at weaning and NoC. Tenderness was improved by castration, but sensory traits did not differ between groups.
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18
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Noya A, Ripoll G, Casasús I, Sanz A. Effects of immunocastration performed at two live weights on the growth physiology, temperament and testicular development of feral beef bulls. Anim Sci J 2019; 91:e13307. [PMID: 31692164 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of administering an anti-gonadotropin-releasing hormone vaccine (Improvac® , developed for pigs) on the performance, temperament, testicular development, and hormone and metabolite profiles of feral bulls (Bos taurus) vaccinated at two different live weights (LW). In all, 16 Serrana de Teruel animals were involved in this 2 x 2 factorial design using the factors LW (LIGHT vs. HEAVY) and vaccine treatment (control, C vs. vaccinated, VA). All animals received the same diet (ad libitum concentrate plus straw) over a 164-day fattening period. Temperament was assessed using chute and flight speed tests. Testicular diameter and subcutaneous fat thickness were recorded. Testosterone, IGF-1, urea, NEFA, and creatinine profiles were analyzed. Bull weight gain was reduced in VA compared to C animals, regardless of the initial LW. The vaccine did not affect the temperament tests, subcutaneous fat thickness or NEFA and creatinine concentrations and had minor effects on linear body measures. The vaccine inhibited testicular growth, reduced plasma testosterone to residual levels, and increased urea concentrations. LIGHT-C animals exhibited increased mean plasma IGF-1 concentrations compared to LIGHT-VA animals. In conclusion, vaccination reduced bull growth and sexual development irrespective of LW at immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustí Noya
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria (CITA) de Aragón, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Guillermo Ripoll
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria (CITA) de Aragón, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Isabel Casasús
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria (CITA) de Aragón, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Albina Sanz
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria (CITA) de Aragón, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
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19
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Silva LH, Assis DE, Estrada MM, Assis GJ, Zamudio GD, Carneiro GB, Valadares Filho SC, Paulino MF, Chizzotti ML. Carcass and meat quality traits of Nellore young bulls and steers throughout fattening. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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20
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Favero R, Menezes GRO, Torres RAA, Silva LOC, Bonin MN, Feijó GLD, Altrak G, Niwa MVG, Kazama R, Mizubuti IY, Gomes RC. Crossbreeding applied to systems of beef cattle production to improve performance traits and carcass quality. Animal 2019; 13:2679-2686. [PMID: 31064578 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731119000855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Crossbreeding represents an important technique to improve growth, beef quality and adaptability in beef production systems in tropical countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate sire and dam breed effects on performance and carcass traits of crossbred cattle produced in a tropical environment. Heifers and steers were evaluated during the pre-weaning, the post-weaning (n = 173) and the finishing phase (n = 123). Animals were produced by mating Nellore (N_N), Angus × Nellore (A_N) and Caracu × Nellore (C_N) dams with Braford, Charbray and Caracu sires. After weaning, animals were raised grazing on Marandu grass for 12 months; thereafter they were housed in individual pens and finished in a feedlot, receiving a total mixed ration. Ultrasound carcass evaluations were performed to determine ribeye area (R_A), backfat thickness (B_T) and rump fat thickness (R_T). A_N progeny were heavier at birth than N_N (P < 0.05), and Braford progeny had greater birth BW than Caracu (P < 0.05). Greater weaning BW was observed in the A_N and C_N offspring compared to N_N (P < 0.01). Greater average daily gain during the post-weaning period was verified in the N_N progeny compared to C_N (P < 0.05). No dam or sire breed effects were observed for BW at the end of the post-weaning period (P > 0.05). Progeny of N_N cows had greater B_T (P < 0.05) and R_T (P < 0.01) at the end of the post-weaning period in relation to C_N. Greater R_A was observed in the Caracu progeny than in the Braford (P < 0.05), which showed greater R_T than the Charbray progeny at the end of the post-weaning period (P < 0.05). No dam or sire breed effects were verified for final BW at the feedlot or for feed efficiency traits (P > 0.05). A_N progeny were superior in final B_T compared to C_N (P < 0.01), and Braford progeny had greater R_T at the end of finishing than Charbray (P = 0.05). The use of crossbred dams allows an increase in productivity until weaning, but this is not maintained in the post-weaning and finishing periods. The use of Braford sires produces similar growth performance in the different stages of the production system to those seen with Charbray and Caracu sires but generates animals with higher fat thickness at the end of finishing, which may improve carcass quality and commercial value.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Favero
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Londrina (UEL), Celso Garcia Cid Highway, 86057-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - G R O Menezes
- Embrapa Beef Cattle, 830 Radio Maia Avenue, 79106-550, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - R A A Torres
- Embrapa Beef Cattle, 830 Radio Maia Avenue, 79106-550, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - L O C Silva
- Embrapa Beef Cattle, 830 Radio Maia Avenue, 79106-550, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - M N Bonin
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FAMEZ), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), 2443 Senador Felinto Muller Avenue, 79070-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - G L D Feijó
- Embrapa Beef Cattle, 830 Radio Maia Avenue, 79106-550, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - G Altrak
- Department of Animal Science and Rural Development, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Amaro Antônio Vieira Highway, 88036-020, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - M V G Niwa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FAMEZ), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), 2443 Senador Felinto Muller Avenue, 79070-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - R Kazama
- Department of Animal Science and Rural Development, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Amaro Antônio Vieira Highway, 88036-020, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - I Y Mizubuti
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Londrina (UEL), Celso Garcia Cid Highway, 86057-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - R C Gomes
- Embrapa Beef Cattle, 830 Radio Maia Avenue, 79106-550, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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Mazon MR, Antonelo DS, Gómez JF, Nubiato KE, Balage JM, Silva HB, Tapp WN, Leme PR, Goulart RS, Fukumasu H, Johnson BJ, Pesce DM, Silva SL. Effects of combining immunocastration and β-adrenergic agonists on the meat quality of Nellore cattle. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Mueller LF, Balieiro JCC, Ferrinho AM, Martins TDS, da Silva Corte RRP, de Amorim TR, de Jesus Mangini Furlan J, Baldi F, Pereira ASC. Gender status effect on carcass and meat quality traits of feedlot Angus × Nellore cattle. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:1078-1089. [PMID: 31240763 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The study evaluated the effect of gender status on carcass and meat quality of feedlot Angus × Nellore cattle. A total of 176 cattle, 20 months old, were confined for 190-days and assigned to four treatments: bulls, immunocastrated, steers, and heifers. Bulls had greater rib eye area and HCW (p = 0.0001). Heifers had increased fat thickness (p = 0.0001). Steers and heifers had higher marbling scores (p = 0.0001). There was interaction between gender and aging time for Warner-Bratzler Shear Force (p = 0.0002), L* (p = 0.0118), and b* (p = 0.0113) values of beef. The sensory panel results showed that beef from bulls had the lowest consumer overall acceptance (p = 0.0278). Especially, regardless tenderness, steers and immunocastrated beef were considered tender, independent of aging time. Beef produced by heifers, steers, and immunocastrated is considered to be of higher quality than bulls. Thus, it is may be an interesting alternative to produce high-quality beef than bulls, to attend the consumer demand for high-quality products. Additionally, the low fatty acids n6 levels and low n6:n3 ratio, high levels of CLA, MUFAs, and oleic acid suggests that the heifer meat is favorable for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenise Freitas Mueller
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo USP, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | | | - Adrielle Matias Ferrinho
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo USP, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Fernando Baldi
- College of Agrarian Sciences and Veterinary Sciences, State University of Sao Paulo UNESP, Jaboticabal, Brazil
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Machado D, Alves Filho D, Argenta F, Brondani I, Viana A, Volpatto R, Oliveira L, Klein J, Moura A, Frasson JN. Características de carcaça e carne de novilhos Aberdeen Angus submetidos à castração cirúrgica ou imunológica. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-10530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar as características de carcaça e carne de novilhos Aberdeen Angus castrados cirurgicamente em duas idades ou imunocastrados com dois protocolos. Foram utilizados 48 bezerros, monitorados a partir do nascimento e desmamados, com idade e peso médio inicial de seis meses e de 160±16,54kg, respectivamente. Os animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente nos seguintes tratamentos: castração cirúrgica ao nascer; castração cirúrgica ao desmame; imunocastração com três doses da vacina Bopriva® e imunocastração com quatro doses da vacina Bopriva®. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente ao acaso. Novilhos imunocastrados com três doses apresentaram maior quebra ao resfriamento e menor espessura de gordura ajustada para 100kg de carcaça fria que castrados cirurgicamente ao nascer (P<0,05). A imunocastração com três doses proporcionou incremento na participação de músculo, em relação às castrações cirúrgicas, mas reduziu a gordura em relação à castração cirúrgica ao nascimento (P<0,05). A relação músculo:osso foi superior nos imunocastrados com três doses em relação a castrados cirurgicamente no desmame (P<0,05). Apesar de variações na participação tecidual na carcaça, a castração imunológica mostrou-se viável em substituição à castração cirúrgica, não alterando os padrões qualitativos da carne.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - J.L. Klein
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - A.F. Moura
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
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Salim APAA, Suman SP, Canto ACVCS, Costa-Lima BRC, Viana FM, Monteiro MLG, Silva TJP, Conte-Junior CA. Muscle-specific color stability in fresh beef from grain-finished Bos indicus cattle. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 32:1036-1043. [PMID: 30744374 PMCID: PMC6601059 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the color and oxidative stabilities of longissimus lumborum (LL) and psoas major (PM) muscles from grain-finished Bos indicus cattle in Brazil. Methods The LL and PM muscles were obtained 24 h post-mortem from eight (n = 8) Nellore bull carcasses, fabricated into 1.5-cm steaks, aerobically packaged, and stored at 4°C for nine days. Steaks were analyzed for myoglobin concentration, pH, instrumental color, metmyoglobin reducing activity (MRA) and lipid oxidation. Results The LL steaks exhibited greater (p<0.05) redness, color stability, and MRA than their PM counterparts on days 5 and 9. The LL and PM steaks demonstrated similar (p>0.05) lightness and yellowness on days 0, 5, and 9. On the other hand, PM steaks exhibited greater (p<0.05) myoglobin concentration, pH, and lipid oxidation than their LL counterparts. Conclusion These results indicated that muscle source influenced the color and oxidative stabilities of beef from grain-finished Bos indicus animals. These results highlighted the necessity of muscle-specific strategies to improve the color stability of beef from grain-fed Bos indicus cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula A A Salim
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.,Chemistry Institute, Technology Center, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Surendranath P Suman
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Anna C V C S Canto
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Bruno R C Costa-Lima
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Fernanda M Viana
- Chemistry Institute, Technology Center, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia G Monteiro
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi, RJ, 24230-340, Brazil
| | - Teofilo J P Silva
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi, RJ, 24230-340, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Conte-Junior
- Chemistry Institute, Technology Center, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil.,Department of Food Technology, Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi, RJ, 24230-340, Brazil
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Wassie T, Liu G, Jiang X, Tesema B, Han Y, Zhao J, Girmay S, Ahmad HI. Immunization against Kisspeptin-54 perturb hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular signaling pathway in ram lambs. Theriogenology 2019; 125:193-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Gómez JFM, Netto AS, Antonelo DS, Silva J, Sene GA, Silva HB, Dias NP, Leme PR, Silva SL. Effects of immunocastration on the performance and meat quality traits of feedlot-finished Bos indicus (Nellore) cattle. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/an17102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of immunocastration on the performance, testosterone concentration, carcass traits and meat quality of feedlot-finished Nellore cattle. Fifty-eight males (430 ± 36 kg bodyweight; 24 months old) were separated into three groups in a randomised complete design: surgically castration (n = 15), immunocastrated (anti-gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Bopriva®) vaccine, n = 21) and non-castrated (n = 22). The animals were housed in individual pens and fed ad libitum for 90 days with a common diet comprising 70% concentrate and 30% roughage (corn silage). The non-castrated animals had a greater average daily gain, feed efficiency, hot carcass weight and carcass yield than the surgically castrated and immunocastrated animals (P < 0.05). Surgically castrated cattle grew faster and more efficiently than those castrated immunologically (P < 0.05). The surgically castrated and immunocastrated animals had higher colour values L*, a* and b* and cooking loss than non-castrated animals (P < 0.05). In conclusion, immunocastration decreased cattle performance compared with surgically castrated or non-castrated animals. However, immunocastration resulted in better meat quality compared with non-castrated, making it an alternative to surgical castration with no negative effects on animal welfare.
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Pfeifer LFM, Neves PMA. Relationships between pre-slaughter rump flatness of Nelore cows and subsequent measures of carcass fatness. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/an18191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the internal angle of the rump (IAR), as a measure of rump fatness, and both the visual degree of finishing (VDF) and the subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) of Nelore cows. In this study, 836 Nelore cows were examined. The IAR of all live cows was measured using a goniometer, and then the VDF of all carcasses was evaluated. Additionally, the SFT of a subset of carcasses (n = 225) was measured. Carcasses were divided into three groups based on the VDF, as follows: Inadequate VDF (I) for carcasses with a degree of finishing of 1 and 2; Adequate VDF (A) for carcasses with a degree of finishing of 3 and 4; and Excessive VDF (E) for carcasses with a degree of finishing of 5. There was a positive linear relationship between VDF and IAR (y = 98.29 + 5.78 × x; R
2 = 0.53; P < 0.001) and between VDF and SFT (y = 0.26 + 0.51× x; R
2 = 0.51; P < 0.001). Cows classified as having an Excessive degree of fatness according to the Inadequate – Adequate – Excessive (IAE) scale had higher IAR and SFT than cows classified as Inadequate or Adequate (P < 0.001). Similarly, cows classified as Adequate had higher IAR and SFT than cows classified as Inadequate (P < 0.001). These results demonstrate that the measure of IAR of a live Nelore cow can provide a good indication of the level of fatness of its carcass.
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Salim APAA, Suman SP, Viana FM, Monteiro MLG, Panzenhagen PHN, Canto ACVCS, Conte-Junior CA. Harvest Method Influences Color Stability of Longissimus Lumborum Steaks from Bos indicus Cattle. MEAT AND MUSCLE BIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22175/mmb2018.07.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Brazil is a major beef exporter to countries where religious slaughter without stunning is mandatory. Fresh beef color influences consumers’ purchase decisions, and harvest method influences beef quality attributes, such as color, water holding capacity, pH, and lipid oxidation. Beef color is a breed-specific trait, and the excitable temperament of Bos indicus cattle can affect fresh meat color. Nonetheless, the effects of harvest method on color and oxidative stabilities of beef from Bos indicus cattle have not been investigated yet. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the impact of harvest method on color and oxidative stabilities of longissimus lumborum (LL) steaks from Bos indicus beef cattle. The LL muscles (24 h post-mortem) were obtained from 12 Nellore bull carcasses, harvested by either captive bolt stunning (CBP; n = 6) or without stunning (NST; n = 6). The muscles were fabricated into 2.54-cm steaks, aerobically packaged, and stored for 9 d at 4°C in darkness. Myoglobin concentration was analyzed on d 0, whereas pH, instrumental color, lipid oxidation, and water holding capacity were evaluated on d 0, 3, 6, and 9. While CBP and NST steaks exhibited similar (P > 0.05) myoglobin concentration (4.84 mg/g in CBP; 4.84 mg/g in NST), CBP steaks exhibited greater (P < 0.05) surface redness and color stability than their NST counterparts throughout the storage. On the other hand, NST steaks exhibited greater (P < 0.05) pH, yellowness, and water holding capacity than CBP steaks. Overall, the lightness and lipid oxidation were greater (P < 0.05) in NST steaks than their CBP counterparts. These results indicated that harvest method influences surface discoloration and oxidative stability of fresh LL steaks from Bos indicus cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fernanda M. Viana
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Instituto de Quimica, Centro de Tecnologia
| | - Maria Lucia G. Monteiro
- Universidade Federal Fluminense Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Faculdade de Veterinaria
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Ripoll G, Noya A, Casasús I, Sanz A. Preliminary study of the effects of an anti-gonadotropin-releasing factor vaccine at two initial liveweights on the carcass traits and meat quality of bulls. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/an18324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of the Improvac® anti-gonadotropin-releasing factor vaccine developed for pigs on the carcass quality and shelf life of meat from Serrana de Teruel bulls at two liveweights at the start of immunisation. The anti-gonadotropin-releasing factor vaccine stopped testosterone production regardless of the liveweight. The carcasses of immunised bulls were less heavy and had poorer conformation than those of entire bulls, although the dressing percentages were similar. Immunisation had no influence on the degree of carcass fatness or intramuscular fat content. Immunisation decreased metmyoglobin formation during storage, especially in light bulls. Immunisation reduces the total meat collage, improving tenderness and reducing the ageing time. Minimum toughness was reached 2 weeks earlier than in entire bulls. Quick tenderisation was achieved regardless of the liveweight at immunisation; therefore, the technique studied here could be effective for producing tender meat and avoiding long periods of maturation. In conclusion, immunisation at any of the initial liveweights trialed may be detrimental to animal performance. However, it was effective in delaying metmyoglobin formation and produced more tender meat than that of entire bulls from the first day, thus reducing the ageing time.
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Needham T, Lambrechts H, Hoffman L. Influence of extending the pre-slaughter interval after second vaccination on the carcass cutting yield and the quality of meat from immunocastrated lambs. Meat Sci 2018; 148:13-18. [PMID: 30292699 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The influence of extending the vaccination-to-slaughter interval of immunocastrated lambs on carcass cutting yield and meat quality of the Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle was investigated in forty Dohne Merino lambs (8.5 months old; 53.7 ± 4.8 kg). Immunocastration booster vaccination intervals of six (IC6; n = 10) and four (IC4; n = 10) weeks prior to the slaughter age were used, with two weeks between primary and secondary vaccinations. A further 10 lambs were Burdizzo-castrated at 6.5 months old (B). The control treatment remained intact (R; n = 10). Prime cutting yields, LT muscle area, LT subcutaneous fat thickness and instrumental meat quality were accessed. Both castration methods increased LT fat thickness and decreased meat CIE a* (redness) values. Extending the vaccination-to-slaughter interval of immunocastrates increased the gastrointestinal tract fat and decreased meat redness. Immunocastration of male lambs can thus be used to manipulate backfat without negatively influencing carcass weight, cutting yield or meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tersia Needham
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Helet Lambrechts
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Louwrens Hoffman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa.
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Ball JJ, Kegley EB, Lawrence TE, Roberts SL, Powell JG, Richeson JT. Carcass traits and consumer acceptability of striploin steaks from band-castrated, intratesticular zinc-injected, or sexually intact beef cattle. Transl Anim Sci 2018; 3:295-303. [PMID: 32704801 PMCID: PMC7200462 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txy093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
One hundred and eighty beef bulls (BW = 337 ± 10.9 kg) were blocked by BW (6 blocks) and assigned randomly to one of three treatments on day 0: 1) INJ; received 1 mL (100 mg Zn) of a Zn solution in each testis, 2) BAN; received blood-restrictive rubber band placed upon the dorsal aspect of the scrotum, and 3) BUL; bulls with testicles remaining intact. Cattle were grouped by weight block in a randomized complete block design (three treatment pens/block and 10 cattle/pen) and harvested by block on three separate dates when blocks reached similar BW and visual subcutaneous fat thickness depth. Striploins were removed from the left carcass sides, vacuum packaged and aged for 14 d, and then frozen at −20 °C. Frozen striploins were sliced into 2.54-cm-thick steaks and remained frozen until analyses. Steaks (n = 3/animal) were used to assess consumer acceptability via consumer taste panel (n = 152 panelists), Warner-Bratzler shear force, percentage cook loss, and cooked color values. Data were analyzed using mixed model procedures; pen was the experimental unit for all dependent variables. Hot carcass weights and LM area were greater (P < 0.01) for the INJ and BUL treatments compared with BAN. Mean yield grade did not differ between treatments (P = 0.12), although BAN carcasses had smaller LM area (P < 0.01) than BUL or INJ carcasses. Percentage of USDA Choice or better carcasses was greater (P < 0.01) for BAN than INJ and BUL treatments. Consumer panelists detected a difference in perceived tenderness; BAN steaks had greater (P = 0.02) tenderness scores than BUL steaks, whereas INJ steaks were intermediate. Panelists rated juiciness of BAN steaks greater (P < 0.01) than either BUL or INJ steaks. Panelists rated beef flavor greater (P = 0.01) for BAN and BUL steaks than INJ steaks. Overall acceptability was greater (P < 0.01) for BAN compared with INJ steaks, whereas BUL steaks were intermediate. Percentage cook loss of striploin steaks (P = 0.47) and Warner-Bratzler shear force values (P = 0.11) did not differ. Cooked color lightness (L*) and redness (a*) values were not affected (P ≥ 0.23) by treatment. Striploin steaks from BAN and BUL treatments had greater (P = 0.02) yellowness values (b*) than INJ steaks. The ratio of red-to-brown (630:580 nm) of cooked striploin steaks was greater (P = 0.05) for INJ than either BAN or BUL treatments. Carcass and palatability outcomes of INJ were more similar to BUL than BAN, suggesting limited efficacy of INJ in mature beef bulls at feedlot entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jase J Ball
- Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR
| | | | - Ty E Lawrence
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX
| | - Shelby L Roberts
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX
| | - Jeremy G Powell
- Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR
| | - John T Richeson
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX
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Machado DS, Alves Filho DC, Brondani IL, Argenta FM, Pereira LB, Silva MAD. COMPONENTES NÃO CARCAÇA DE NOVILHOS DE CORTE SUBMETIDOS À CASTRAÇÃO CIRÚRGICA OU IMUNOLÓGICA. CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-6891v19e-47923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar as características dos componentes do corpo vazio que não integram a carcaça de novilhos castrados cirurgicamente ou imunologicamente. Foram utilizados 48 bezerros Aberdeen Angus, monitorados a partir de idade média inicial de seis meses e peso médio inicial de 160 kg. Os animais foram distribuídos nos seguintes tratamentos: castrados cirurgicamente ao nascimento; castrados cirurgicamente à desmama; imunocastrados com três doses de vacina (6º, 9º e 14º meses de idade dos animais) e imunocastrados com quatro doses (6º, 7º, 10º e 15º meses de idade dos animais). O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado. Durante o abate, todos os componentes internos e externos do corpo do animal foram separados e pesados individualmente. O total de órgãos internos expressos em percentual do peso de corpo vazio diferiu entre os dois protocolos de imunocastração, com superioridade quando aplicou-se quatro doses (3,61 vs. 3,39 kg). Novilhos castrados ao nascer depositaram mais gordura cardíaca, renal e pélvica, e gordura do trato gastrintestinal que imunocastrados com três doses, independentemente da forma como foi expressa. A castração cirúrgica ao nascimento promove maior deposição de gordura visceral, em novilhos abatidos em idade jovem, em relação à imunocastração com dosagem definitiva com nove meses de idade.
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Effects of immunocastration and a β-adrenergic agonist on retail cuts of feedlot finished Nellore cattle. Animal 2018; 12:1690-1695. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731117003317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Carvalho RMS, Boari CA, Villela SDJ, Pires AV, Mourthé MHF, Oliveira FR, Dumont MA, Gontijo RP, Lobo-Jr AR, Martins PGMA. Differences between sexes, muscles and aging times on the quality of meat from Wagyu × Angus cattle finished in feedlot. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/an15804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Our objectives were to assess quality parameters and chemical composition, and to evaluate the effects of sex, muscle and aging time on the quality of meats from Wagyu × Angus cross cattle reared under tropical conditions. Analyses were performed on the longissimus thoracis, semitendinosus and triceps brachii muscles obtained from chilled carcasses of a total of 30, 24-month-old, male (immunocastrated) and female animals (15 each sex). An effect of sex (P ≤ 0.05) was observed for subcutaneous fat thickness, marbling score, and ribeye area. The longissimus thoracis muscle from males was less (P < 0.0001) marbled than that from females, but males had greater subcutaneous fat thickness (P = 0.0001) and greater ribeye area (P = 0.0411) compared with females. No effect of sex (P ≥ 0.05) was observed for fat colour measures. An interaction effect of sex and muscle (P < 0.03) was detected for cooking loss, yellow intensity (b*), ash, and fat. Main effect of sex was not observed (P > 0.07) only for the ultimate pH and water-holding capacity. Greater shear force and moisture values were observed (P < 0.01) in meat from males than that from females, but a greater value of luminance (L*), red intensity (a*), chroma (C), hue (Ho), dry matter and protein was observed (P < 0.001) in meat from females than that from males. Main effect of muscle was not observed only for water-holding capacity (P = 0.13). Ultimate pH and shear force values were lesser (P < 0.001) in the longissimus thoracis muscle compared with other muscles. The triceps brachii muscle had the least (P ≤ 0.001) L* and Ho values among muscles, whereas the semitendinosus muscle had the greatest values of a* and C (P < 0.001). The semitendinosus muscle presented the greatest (P < 0.01) protein content compared with other muscles, although not differing in moisture and dry matter content from the triceps brachii muscle. An interaction effect of sex × aging time was observed for ultimate pH (P = 0.0110), meat colour parameters (except for Ho; P ≤ 0.01), and fat L* (P = 0.0025). Greater cooking loss, shear force, and fat a* values were observed (P < 0.01) in meat from males than that from females, but greater values of meat Ho, fat a* and Ho, dry matter, and protein were observed (P ≤ 0.03) in meat from females than that from males. Meat aging of longissimus thoracis reduced shear force. Based on these findings, we recommend that meat from Wagyu × Angus cross cattle should be aged during 7 days because, although differences between 7 and 14 days were observed in either aging times, meat subjected to this process is considered as very tender, based on shear force values. In addition, aging in a shorter period of time can reflect on costs by reducing particularly those related with energy, due to less refrigeration time.
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Moreira AD, Siqueira GR, Lage JF, Benatti JMB, Moretti MH, Miguel GZ, de Oliveira IM, de Resende FD. Castration methods in crossbred cattle raised on tropical pasture. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/an16580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of castration methods (surgical or immunological – GnRH vaccine) on performance and carcass traits of beef cattle raised until slaughter on tropical pasture. On Day 0, 30 crossbred beef bulls (50% Aberdeen Angus × 50% Nellore) with a bodyweight (BW) of 233 ± 38 kg and age of 8 months were randomly divided into three groups: intact males (INT) – Control, surgically castrated (SUC; Day 1), and immunocastrated (IMC; Days 1, 84 and 237). Serum testosterone concentrations, scrotal circumference, average daily gain, and ultrasonic backfat depth were evaluated at 42-day intervals (eight evaluations). All animals were slaughtered for the evaluation of carcass traits on Day 336. The GnRH vaccine was efficient in suppressing serum testosterone concentrations (P = 0.02) and scrotal circumference (P < 0.01). No difference in performance was observed between IMC and SUC animals, in which average daily gain was reduced by 14% (P < 0.01) and final BW by 7% (P < 0.01) compared with the INT group. Regardless of the method used, castration improved carcass traits by reducing carcass drip loss during cooling (P = 0.02), by increasing hindquarter percentage (P < 0.01), and by tending to increase the proportion of noble cuts (P = 0.05) compared with the INT group. However, the surgical method was more efficient than the other treatments by increasing fat deposition in the carcass (P < 0.01). Anti-GnRH immunisation in beef cattle raised on tropical pasture can replace surgical castration, but both methods reduce performance. However, in this production system, castration could be an efficient method to add value to the carcass by increasing the hindquarter proportion and fat deposition.
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Ponnampalam EN, Hopkins DL, Bruce H, Li D, Baldi G, Bekhit AED. Causes and Contributing Factors to “Dark Cutting” Meat: Current Trends and Future Directions: A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2017; 16:400-430. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric N. Ponnampalam
- Agriculture Research; Agriculture Victoria (DEDJTR); Attwood Victoria Australia
| | | | - Heather Bruce
- Dept. of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science; Univ. of Alberta; Edmonton Canada
| | - Duo Li
- Inst. of Nutrition & Health; Qingdao Univ.; Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Gianluca Baldi
- Agriculture Research; Agriculture Victoria (DEDJTR); Attwood Victoria Australia
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Canto AC, Costa-Lima BR, Suman SP, Monteiro MLG, Viana FM, Salim APA, Nair MN, Silva TJ, Conte-Junior CA. Color attributes and oxidative stability of longissimus lumborum and psoas major muscles from Nellore bulls. Meat Sci 2016; 121:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Pérez-Linares C, Bolado-Sarabia L, Figueroa-Saavedra F, Barreras-Serrano A, Sánchez-López E, Tamayo-Sosa AR, Godina AA, Ríos-Rincón F, García LA, Gallegos E. Effect of immunocastration with Bopriva on carcass characteristics and meat quality of feedlot Holstein bulls. Meat Sci 2016; 123:45-49. [PMID: 27614179 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of immunocastration on carcass and meat characteristics, Holstein bulls aged between 7 and 8months with a live weight of 232±1.19kg were given two separate treatments, placebo (intact bulls) versus Bopriva, and then slaughtered after approximately 239days of fattening. While the testosterone levels in intact bulls remained at 0.42ng/ml throughout the study, by day 181, differences (P<0.05) were observed in immunized bulls, with values of 0.21ng/ml. The carcasses of animals treated with Bopriva recorded both a higher hot carcass weight (HCW) and a cold carcass weight (CCW), as well as higher dorsal fat density, marbling and KPH (P<0.05); however, no differences (P>0.05) were observed in the Longissimus lumborum area. No significant differences (P>0.05) were recorded between the treatments for pH, L*, a*, b* C* and H*. The carcasses of the animals treated with Bopriva were heavier, with higher dorsal fat density and marbling score.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pérez-Linares
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, A. Obregón y J. Carrillo s/n Col. Nueva, Mexicali, Baja California CP. 21100, Mexico
| | - L Bolado-Sarabia
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, A. Obregón y J. Carrillo s/n Col. Nueva, Mexicali, Baja California CP. 21100, Mexico
| | - F Figueroa-Saavedra
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, A. Obregón y J. Carrillo s/n Col. Nueva, Mexicali, Baja California CP. 21100, Mexico.
| | - A Barreras-Serrano
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, A. Obregón y J. Carrillo s/n Col. Nueva, Mexicali, Baja California CP. 21100, Mexico
| | - E Sánchez-López
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, A. Obregón y J. Carrillo s/n Col. Nueva, Mexicali, Baja California CP. 21100, Mexico
| | - A R Tamayo-Sosa
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, A. Obregón y J. Carrillo s/n Col. Nueva, Mexicali, Baja California CP. 21100, Mexico
| | - A A Godina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, A. Obregón y J. Carrillo s/n Col. Nueva, Mexicali, Baja California CP. 21100, Mexico
| | - F Ríos-Rincón
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Blvd. San Ángel s/n predio Las Coloradas, CP. 80326 Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - L A García
- Ganadera Mexicali, S.A. de C.V., kilómetro 3.5 carretera a San Luis S/N, Ejido Pólvora, Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico
| | - E Gallegos
- Laboratorio Zoetis, S.A. Paseo de los Tamarindos #60, Col. Bosques de las Lomas, Del. Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de México CP. 05120, Mexico
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Rivaroli DC, Guerrero A, Velandia Valero M, Zawadzki F, Eiras CE, Campo MDM, Sañudo C, Mendes Jorge A, Nunes do Prado I. Effect of essential oils on meat and fat qualities of crossbred young bulls finished in feedlots. Meat Sci 2016; 121:278-284. [PMID: 27388818 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-seven animals (½ Angus - ½ Nellore) were fed for four months with one of the following diets: without addition of essential oils (E0.0), with 3.5 (E3.5) or 7 (E7.0) g/animal/day of an essential oil blend (oregano, garlic, lemon, rosemary, thyme, eucalyptus and sweet orange). Chemical composition, fatty acid profile and meat color were evaluated in Longissimus muscle. In addition, the effects of aging (one, seven and 14days) on the meat water holding capacity, texture and lipid oxidation were evaluated. Essential oils had no effect on chemical and fatty acid composition, meat color, water holding capacity or texture, but an inclusion of 3.5g/day decreased lipid oxidation. The addition of 7.0g/animal/day had a pro-oxidant effect on meat during aging and resulted in higher values for lipid oxidation at 14days of aging. Aging significantly affected thawing losses and texture. A dose of 3.5g/animal/day could be recommended in feedlot animals, but greater doses could have a pro-oxidant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayane Cristina Rivaroli
- State University of Maringá, Animal Science Department, CNPq/CAPES Fellowship, 87.020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; São Paulo State University, Animal Production Departament, 18618-970 Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana Guerrero
- State University of Maringá, Animal Science Department, CNPq/CAPES Fellowship, 87.020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; University of Zaragoza, Animal Production and Food Science Department, Instituto Agroalimentario (IA2) - Universidad de Zaragoza - CITA. C/Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maribel Velandia Valero
- State University of Maringá, Animal Science Department, CNPq/CAPES Fellowship, 87.020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fernando Zawadzki
- State University of Maringá, Animal Science Department, CNPq/CAPES Fellowship, 87.020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carlos Emanuel Eiras
- State University of Maringá, Animal Science Department, CNPq/CAPES Fellowship, 87.020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maria Del Mar Campo
- University of Zaragoza, Animal Production and Food Science Department, Instituto Agroalimentario (IA2) - Universidad de Zaragoza - CITA. C/Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carlos Sañudo
- University of Zaragoza, Animal Production and Food Science Department, Instituto Agroalimentario (IA2) - Universidad de Zaragoza - CITA. C/Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - André Mendes Jorge
- São Paulo State University, Animal Production Departament, 18618-970 Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivanor Nunes do Prado
- State University of Maringá, Animal Science Department, CNPq/CAPES Fellowship, 87.020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Growth, carcass and meat quality traits in beef from Angus, Hereford and cross-breed grazing steers, and their association with SNPs in genes related to fat deposition metabolism. Meat Sci 2016; 114:121-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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van den Broek I, Blokland M, Nessen MA, Sterk S. Current trends in mass spectrometry of peptides and proteins: Application to veterinary and sports-doping control. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:571-594. [PMID: 24375671 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Detection of misuse of peptides and proteins as growth promoters is a major issue for sport and food regulatory agencies. The limitations of current analytical detection strategies for this class of compounds, in combination with their efficacy in growth-promoting effects, make peptide and protein drugs highly susceptible to abuse by either athletes or farmers who seek for products to illicitly enhance muscle growth. Mass spectrometry (MS) for qualitative analysis of peptides and proteins is well-established, particularly due to tremendous efforts in the proteomics community. Similarly, due to advancements in targeted proteomic strategies and the rapid growth of protein-based biopharmaceuticals, MS for quantitative analysis of peptides and proteins is becoming more widely accepted. These continuous advances in MS instrumentation and MS-based methodologies offer enormous opportunities for detection and confirmation of peptides and proteins. Therefore, MS seems to be the method of choice to improve the qualitative and quantitative analysis of peptide and proteins with growth-promoting properties. This review aims to address the opportunities of MS for peptide and protein analysis in veterinary control and sports-doping control with a particular focus on detection of illicit growth promotion. An overview of potential peptide and protein targets, including their amino acid sequence characteristics and current MS-based detection strategies is, therefore, provided. Furthermore, improvements of current and new detection strategies with state-of-the-art MS instrumentation are discussed for qualitative and quantitative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene van den Broek
- RIKILT Wageningen UR, Institute of Food Safety, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708, WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Blokland
- RIKILT Wageningen UR, Institute of Food Safety, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708, WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Merel A Nessen
- RIKILT Wageningen UR, Institute of Food Safety, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708, WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Sterk
- RIKILT Wageningen UR, Institute of Food Safety, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708, WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Sampaio GS, Pflanzer-Júnior SB, Roça RDO, Casagrande L, Bedeschi EA, Padovani CR, Miguel GZ, Santos CT, Girão LV, Miranda ZB, Franco RM. Effects of polyethylene film wrap on cooler shrink and the microbial status of beef carcasses. Meat Sci 2015; 100:164-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Lobato J, Freitas A, Devincenzi T, Cardoso L, Tarouco J, Vieira R, Dillenburg D, Castro I. Brazilian beef produced on pastures: Sustainable and healthy. Meat Sci 2014; 98:336-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Suman SP, Hunt MC, Nair MN, Rentfrow G. Improving beef color stability: Practical strategies and underlying mechanisms. Meat Sci 2014; 98:490-504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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