Mice immunization with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense translationally controlled tumor protein modulates immunoglobulin and cytokine production, as well as parasitaemia and mice survival after challenge with the parasite

Protein abundance in the midgut of wild tsetse flies (Glossina palpalis palpalis) naturally infected by Trypanosoma congolense s.l

Tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) are major vectors of African trypanosomes, causing either Human or Animal African Trypanosomiasis (HAT or AAT). Several approaches have been developed to control the disease, among which is the anti-vector Sterile Insect Technique. Another approach to anti-vector strategies could consist of controlling the fly's vector competence through hitherto unidentified regulatory factors (genes, proteins, biological pathways, etc.). The present work aims to evaluate the protein abundance in the midgut of wild tsetse flies (Glossina palpalis palpalis) naturally infected by Trypanosoma congolense s.l. Infected and non-infected flies were sampled in two HAT/AAT foci in Southern Cameroon. After dissection, the proteomes from the guts of parasite-infected flies were compared to that of uninfected flies to identify quantitative and/or qualitative changes associated with infection. Among the proteins with increased abundance were fructose-1,6-biphosphatase, membrane trafficking proteins, death proteins (or apoptosis proteins) and SERPINs (inhibitor of serine proteases, enzymes considered as trypanosome virulence factors) that displayed the highest increased abundance. The present study, together with previous proteomic and transcriptomic studies on the secretome of trypanosomes from tsetse fly gut extracts, provides data to be explored in further investigations on, for example, mammal host immunisation or on fly vector competence modification via para-transgenic approaches.

Sequence Analysis and Comparison of TCTP Proteins from Human Protozoan Parasites

Purpose

Translational controlled tumor protein (TCTP) is a functionally important protein in most eukaryotes because it participates in a wide variety of processes, the most representative being proliferation, differentiation, histamine release, cell death, protein synthesis and response to stress conditions. In the present work, we analyze the sequence, structure and phylogeny of TCTP orthologs in a group of human parasitic protozoan species.

Methods

The complete sequences of TCTP orthologs in protozoan parasites were identified with the NCBI BLAST tool in the database of the EuPathDB Bioinformatics Resource Center. The sequences were aligned and important regions of the protein were identified, and later phylogenetic trees and 3D models were built with different bioinformatic tools.

Results

Our results show evolutionarily and structurally conserved sites that could be exploited to create new therapeutic strategies given the increase in the number of strains resistant to current drugs.

Conclusion

TCTP orthologs in protozoan parasites have been little studied but have been shown to be important in parasite growth, proliferation, reproduction, and response to changes in the environment. For all this, TCTP can be considered as a possible therapeutic target.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11686-022-00521-9.

Role of TCTP in Cell Biological and Disease Processes

Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP), also referred to as histamine-releasing factor (HRF) or fortilin, is a multifunctional protein, expressed in essentially all eukaryotic organisms [...].