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Kütük T, Onbaşilar İ, Oskay-Halaçli S, Babaoğlu B, Ayhan S, Yalçin SS. Investigation of the Hepatitis-B Vaccine's Immune Response in a Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Mouse Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:934. [PMID: 39204057 PMCID: PMC11359425 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12080934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the immunogenicity of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine by applying a normal and high-dose hepatitis B virus vaccination program in the mice modeling of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD was induced in mouse livers via diet. At the 10-week mark, both groups were divided into 3 subgroups. While the standard dose vaccination program was applied on days 0, 7, and 21, two high-dose programs were applied: one was applied on days 0 and 7, and the other was applied on days 0, 7, and 21. All mice were euthanized. Blood samples from anti-HB titers; T follicular helper, T follicular regulatory, CD27+, and CD38+ cells; and the liver, spleen, and thymus were taken for histopathologic evaluation. NAFLD subgroups receiving high doses showed higher hepatocyte ballooning scores than normal-dose subgroup. There were differences in CD27+ and CD27+CD38+ cells in animals fed on different diets, without any differences or interactions in terms of vaccine protocols. In the NAFLD group, a negative correlation was observed between anti-HB titers and T helper and CD27+ cells, while a positive correlation was observed with CD38+ cells. NAFLD induced changes in immune parameters in mice, but there was no difference in vaccine efficacy among the applied vaccine protocols. Based on this study's results, high-dose vaccination protocols are not recommended in cases of NAFLD, as they do not enhance efficacy and may lead to increased liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğba Kütük
- Vaccinology Department, Institute of Vaccinology, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06430, Türkiye; (T.K.); (S.S.Y.)
- Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, Ankara 06500, Türkiye
| | - İlyas Onbaşilar
- Vaccinology Department, Institute of Vaccinology, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06430, Türkiye; (T.K.); (S.S.Y.)
- Health Science Institute, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06430, Türkiye
- Transgenic Animal Technologies Research and Application Center, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06430, Türkiye
| | - Sevil Oskay-Halaçli
- Department of Basic Sciences of Pediatrics, Institute of Child Health, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06430, Türkiye; (S.O.-H.); (S.A.)
| | - Berrin Babaoğlu
- Department of Pathology, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06430, Türkiye;
| | - Selda Ayhan
- Department of Basic Sciences of Pediatrics, Institute of Child Health, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06430, Türkiye; (S.O.-H.); (S.A.)
| | - Sıddika Songül Yalçin
- Vaccinology Department, Institute of Vaccinology, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06430, Türkiye; (T.K.); (S.S.Y.)
- Department of Social Pediatrics, Institute of Child Health, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06430, Türkiye
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Liu Y, Ren S, Ma L, Lin X, Lu J, Cao Z, Zheng S, Hu Z, Xu X, Chen X. Peg-IFNα combined with hepatitis B vaccination contributes to HBsAg seroconversion and improved immune function. Virol J 2024; 21:77. [PMID: 38555445 PMCID: PMC10981809 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02344-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate immunological variations between a group that received the hepatitis B vaccine and a non-vaccine group. We focused on a cohort that achieved HBsAg seroclearance after Peg-IFNα treatment of CHB. METHODS We enrolled twenty-eight individuals who achieved HBsAg seroclearance after Peg-IFNα treatment. They were divided into two groups: a vaccine group (n = 14) and a non-vaccine group (n = 14). We assessed lymphocyte subpopulations, B cell- and T cell-surface costimulatory/inhibitory factors, cytokines and immunoglobulin levels were detected at different time points to explore immune-function differences between both groups. RESULTS The seroconversion rate in the vaccine group at 24 weeks post-vaccination was 100%, which was significantly higher (p = 0.006) than that of the non-vaccine group (50%). Additionally, more individuals in the vaccine group exhibited anti-HBs levels exceeding 100 IUs/L and 300 IUs/L compared to the non-vaccine group (p < 0.05). The vaccine group demonstrated significantly increase total B cells and class-switched B cells at 24 weeks and plasma cells, CD80+B cells, Tfh cells, and ICOS+Tfh cell at 12 weeks, compared with baseline levels (p < 0.05). Conversely, Bregs (CD24+CD27+ and CD24+CD38high) decreased significantly at 24 weeks (p < 0.05). None of the above changes were statistically significance in the non-vaccine group (p > 0.05). Total IgG increased significantly in the vaccine group, and IL-2, IL-5, and IL-6 concentrations increased significantly at week 24 (p < 0.05). Differences in various types of cytokines and immunoglobulins in the plasma of the non-vaccine group were not significant (p > 0.05). Anti-HBs titers positively correlated with Th1/Th2 cells at 24 weeks (r = 0.448 and 0.458, respectively, p = 0.022 and 0.019, respectively), and negatively with CD24+CD38highBreg cells (r = -0.402, p = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS After achieving HBsAg seroclearance through Peg-IFNα treatment for CHB, administering the hepatitis B vaccine significantly increased anti-HBs-seroconversion rates and antibody levels. We also observed significant immunological differences between the vaccine and non-vaccine groups. Specifically, the vaccine group exhibited significant increases in B cells, plasma cells, and Tfh cells, while Breg levels was significantly lower. These immunological changes are likely conducive to the production of anti-HBs antibodies. However, in the non-vaccine group, the observed changes were not significantlly significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisi Liu
- First Department of Liver Disease Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.8, Xi Tou Tiao, Youanmen wai, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Shan Ren
- First Department of Liver Disease Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.8, Xi Tou Tiao, Youanmen wai, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Lina Ma
- First Department of Liver Disease Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.8, Xi Tou Tiao, Youanmen wai, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- First Department of Liver Disease Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.8, Xi Tou Tiao, Youanmen wai, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Junfeng Lu
- First Department of Liver Disease Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.8, Xi Tou Tiao, Youanmen wai, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhenhuan Cao
- Third Department of Liver Disease Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.8, Xi Tou Tiao, Youanmen wai, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Sujun Zheng
- First Department of Liver Disease Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.8, Xi Tou Tiao, Youanmen wai, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhongjie Hu
- First Department of Liver Disease Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.8, Xi Tou Tiao, Youanmen wai, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiaoxue Xu
- Department of Core Facility Center, Capital Medical University, No.8, Xi Tou Tiao, Youanmen wai, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xinyue Chen
- First Department of Liver Disease Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.8, Xi Tou Tiao, Youanmen wai, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Najimi N, Kadi C, Elmtili N, Seghrouchni F, Bakri Y. Unravelling humoral immunity in SARS-CoV-2: Insights from infection and vaccination. Hum Antibodies 2024; 32:85-106. [PMID: 38758995 DOI: 10.3233/hab-230017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Following infection and vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, humoral components of the adaptive immune system play a key role in protecting the host. Specifically, B cells generate high-affinity antibodies against various antigens of the virus. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of immunity initiation through both natural infection and vaccination, shedding light on the activation of B cell subsets in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. The innate immune system serves as the initial line of primary and nonspecific defence against viruses. However, within several days following infection or a vaccine dose, a virus-specific immune response is initiated, primarily by B cells that produce antibodies. These antibodies contribute to the resolution of the disease. Subsequently, these B cells transition into memory B cells, which play a crucial role in providing long-term immunity against the virus. CD4+ T helper cells initiate a cascade, leading to B cell somatic hypermutation, germinal center memory B cells, and the production of neutralizing antibodies. B-cell dysfunction can worsen disease severity and reduce vaccine efficacy. Notably, individuals with B cell immunodeficiency show lower IL-6 production. Furthermore, this review delves into several aspects of immune responses, such as hybrid immunity, which has shown promise in boosting broad-spectrum protection. Cross-reactive immunity is under scrutiny as well, as pre-existing antibodies can offer protection against the disease. We also decipher breakthrough infection mechanisms, especially with the novel variants of the virus. Finally, we discuss some potential therapeutic solutions regarding B cells including convalescent plasma therapy, B-1 cells, B regulatory cell (Breg) modulation, and the use of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies in combating the infection. Ongoing research is crucial to grasp population immunity trends and assess the potential need for booster doses in maintaining effective immune responses against potential viral threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouhaila Najimi
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology and Center of Genomic of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
- Mohammed VI Center for Research and Innovation, Rabat, Morocco
- Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Chaimae Kadi
- Mohammed VI Center for Research and Innovation, Rabat, Morocco
- Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health, Casablanca, Morocco
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, Faculty of Sciences of Tétouan, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tétouan, Morocco
| | - Noureddine Elmtili
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, Faculty of Sciences of Tétouan, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tétouan, Morocco
| | - Fouad Seghrouchni
- Mohammed VI Center for Research and Innovation, Rabat, Morocco
- Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Youssef Bakri
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology and Center of Genomic of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
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Mansourabadi AH, Aghamajidi A, Dorfaki M, Keshavarz F, Shafeghat Z, Moazzeni A, Arab FL, Rajabian A, Roozbehani M, Falak R, Faraji F, Jafari R. B lymphocytes in COVID-19: a tale of harmony and discordance. Arch Virol 2023; 168:148. [PMID: 37119286 PMCID: PMC10147999 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05773-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
B lymphocytes play a vital role in the human defense against viral infections by producing specific antibodies. They are also critical for the prevention of infectious diseases by vaccination, and their activation influences the efficacy of the vaccination. Since the beginning of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which became the main concern of the world health system, many efforts have been made to treat and prevent the disease. However, for the development of successful therapeutics and vaccines, it is necessary to understand the interplay between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, and the immune system. The innate immune system provides primary and nonspecific defense against the virus, but within several days after infection, a virus-specific immune response is provided first by antibody-producing B cells, which are converted after the resolution of disease to memory B cells, which provide long-term immunity. Although a failure in B cell activation or B cell dysfunction can cause a severe form of the disease and also lead to vaccination inefficiency, some individuals with B cell immunodeficiency have shown less production of the cytokine IL-6, resulting in a better disease outcome. In this review, we present the latest findings on the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and B lymphocytes during COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Mansourabadi
- Department of Immunology, School of medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunogenetics Research Network (IgReN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Azin Aghamajidi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Dorfaki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Keshavarz
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zahra Shafeghat
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Moazzeni
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Lavi Arab
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arezoo Rajabian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mona Roozbehani
- Vaccine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Falak
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Faraji
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Institue of Immunology and Infectious diseases, Hazrat-e Rasool General Hospital, Floor 3, Building no. 3, Niyayesh St, Sattar Khan St, 1445613131, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Jafari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Shafa St., Ershad Blvd, P.O. Box: 1138, 57147, Urmia, Iran.
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Rahimian G, Shahini Shams Abadi M, Mirzaei Y, Hussein Mer A, Ahmadi R, Azadegan-Dehkordi F. Relationship between mucosal TNF-α expression and Th1, Th17, Th22 and Treg responses in Helicobacter pylori infection. AMB Express 2022; 12:113. [PMID: 36057049 PMCID: PMC9440976 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01456-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-induced gastric inflammation in the gastric mucosa and significantly increases the risk of developing gastritis and peptic ulcer disease (PUD). The objective of this research is to determine the role of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression in the gastric mucosa of patients with H. pylori-associated gastritis and PUD compared to uninfected patients, and we determined the relation between TNF-α expression and Th1/Th17/Th22, and Treg cells. Fifty-five patients with H. pylori-associated gastritis, 47 patients with H. pylori-associated PUD, and 48 uninfected patients were in this research. Antrum biopsy was used to detect H. pylori, virulence factors and histopathological assessments. Expression of TNF-α in the infected group was significantly higher than the uninfected group. Also, cagA/oipA-positive infected patients induce significantly more TNF-α expression than do cagA/oipA-negative infected patients. Expression of TNF-α was significantly increased in the PUD group than the gastritis group. Notably, TNF-α expression had a significant positive correlation with the frequency of Th1/Th17/Th22 lymphocytes in the PUD group. These findings indicate the importance of increasing TNF-α with Th1, Th17, Th22 responses increase as an important risk factor for PUD in context of H. pylori infection. Expression of TNF-α was significantly increased in the PUD group than the gastritis group. Notably, TNF-α expression had a significant positive correlation with the frequency of Th1/Th17/Th22 lymphocytes in the PUD group. These findings indicate the importance of increasing TNF-α with Th1, Th17, Th22 responses increase as an important risk factor for PUD in context of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghorbanali Rahimian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Milad Shahini Shams Abadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Yousef Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Ali Hussein Mer
- Scientific Research Center, Soran University, Soran, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Reza Ahmadi
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Azadegan-Dehkordi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Kumánovics A, Sadighi Akha AA. Flow cytometry for B-cell subset analysis in immunodeficiencies. J Immunol Methods 2022; 509:113327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2022.113327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Körber N, Pohl L, Weinberger B, Grubeck-Loebenstein B, Wawer A, Knolle PA, Roggendorf H, Protzer U, Bauer T. Hepatitis B Vaccine Non-Responders Show Higher Frequencies of CD24 highCD38 high Regulatory B Cells and Lower Levels of IL-10 Expression Compared to Responders. Front Immunol 2021; 12:713351. [PMID: 34566969 PMCID: PMC8461011 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.713351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cellular mechanisms involved in the lack of protective antibody response after hepatitis B vaccination are still rather unclear. Regulatory B cells (Breg) known as modulators of B-and T-cell responses may contribute to poor vaccine responsiveness. The current study aimed to investigate the role of regulatory B cells (Breg) in hepatitis B vaccine non-responsiveness after immunization with second- or third-generation hepatitis B vaccines. Method We performed comparative phenotypic and frequency analysis of Breg subsets (CD24+CD27+ and CD24highCD38high Breg) in second-generation hepatitis B vaccine non-responders (2nd HBvac NR, n = 11) and responders (2nd HBvac R, n = 8) before (d0), on day 7 (d7), and 28 (d28) after booster vaccination. Cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated ex vivo with a combination of CpG, PMA, and Ionomycin (CpG+P/I) and analyzed for numbers and IL-10 expression levels of Breg by flow cytometry-based analyses. Results Flow cytometry-based analyses revealed elevated frequencies of CD24+CD27+ Breg at all time points and significantly higher frequencies of CD24highCD38high Breg on d0 (p = 0.004) and 28 (p = 0.012) in 2nd HBvac NR compared to 2nd HBvac R. In parallel, we observed significantly lower levels of CpG+P/I-induced IL-10 expression levels of CD24+CD27+ and CD24highCD38high Breg (d0: p < 0.0001; d7: p = 0.0004; d28: p = 0.0003 and d0: p = 0.016; d7: p = 0.016, respectively) in 2nd HBvac NR compared to 2nd HBvac R before and after booster immunization. Frequencies of CD24+CD27+ and CD24highCD38high Breg significantly decreased after third-generation hepatitis B booster vaccination (d7: p = 0.014; d28: p = 0.032 and d7: p = 0.045, respectively), whereas IL-10 expression levels of both Breg subsets remained stable. Conclusion Here we report significantly higher frequencies of CD24highCD38high Breg in parallel with significantly lower IL-10 expression levels of CD24+CD27+ and CD24highCD38high Breg in 2nd HBvac NR compared to 2nd HBvac R. Anti-HBs seroconversion accompanied by a decrease of Breg numbers after booster immunization with a third-generation hepatitis B vaccine could indicate a positive effect of third-generation hepatitis B vaccines on Breg-mediated immunomodulation in hepatitis B vaccine non-responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Körber
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Laureen Pohl
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Birgit Weinberger
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Andrea Wawer
- Occupational Health Unit, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Percy A Knolle
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Hedwig Roggendorf
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany.,Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Bauer
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
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Frequency of virulence-associated genotypes of Helicobacter pylori and their correlation with clinical outcome and histological parameters in infected patients. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07610. [PMID: 34355101 PMCID: PMC8322292 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative which can cause several gastroduodenal diseases, including gastritis and peptic ulcer disease (PUD). H. pylori specific genotypes have been related to increased occurrence of gastritis and PUD. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical relevance of the major virulence factors of H. pylori with clinical outcomes and histological parameters in Iranian patients. Totally, 200 subjects with PUD and gastritis disease who underwent gastroduodenal endoscopy were enrolled in this study. The presence of the cagA, vacA, oipA, babA2, and iceA genes in antral gastric biopsy specimens were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the results were compared with clinical outcomes and histological parameters. The frequency of babA2 + , oipA + , vacA s1/m2, and vacA m2 genes was significantly higher in patients with peptic ulcer disease compared with patients with gastritis. In contrast, the frequency of vacA s1/m1 gene was significantly higher in gastritis subjects than PUD subjects. The high-density scores of H. pylori were strongly associated with iceA1 ¯ , babA2 + , and oipA + genes. Additionally, the high polymorphonuclear cell infiltration and high mononuclear cell infiltration scores were strongly associated with the cagA + , iceA1 ¯ , oipA + genes and cagA + , babA2 + , oipA + genes, respectively. Our study indicated that the vacA, babA2, and oipA virulence factors are related to a higher risk of PUD in subjects with H. pylori-infection. Infection with these strains was associated with a more severe gastropathy.
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