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Fang L, Tuohuti A, Cai W, Chen X. Changes in the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal microbiota in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea before and after surgery: a prospective study. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:79. [PMID: 38459431 PMCID: PMC10921815 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03230-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the changes and potential mechanisms of microbiome in different parts of the upper airway in the development of pediatric OSA and observe the impact of surgical intervention on oral microbiome for pediatric OSA. METHODS Before adeno-tonsillectomy, we collected throat swab samples from different parts of the oropharynx and nasopharynx of 30 OSA patients and 10 non-OSA patients and collected throat swab samples from the oropharynx of the above patients one month after the adeno-tonsillectomy. The 16 S rRNA V3-V4 region was sequenced to identify the microbial communities. The correlation analysis was conducted based on clinical characteristics. RESULTS There was a significant difference of alpha diversity in different parts of the upper airway of pediatric OSA, but this difference was not found in children with non-OSA. Beta diversity was significantly different between non-OSA and pediatric OSA. At the genus level, the composition of flora in different parts is different between non-OSA and pediatric OSA. The correlation analysis revealed that the relative abundance of Neisseria was significantly correlated with obstructive apnea hypopnea index. Furthermore, the functional prediction revealed that pathways related to cell proliferation and material metabolism were significantly different between non-OSA and pediatric OSA. Besides, the adeno-tonsillectomy has minimal impact on oral microbiota composition in short term. CONCLUSION The changes in upper airway microbiome are highly associated with pediatric OSA. The relative abundance of some bacteria was significantly different between OSA and non-OSA. These bacteria have the potential to become new diagnostic and early warning biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucheng Fang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Sleep medicine centre, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Aikebaier Tuohuti
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Sleep medicine centre, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wanyue Cai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Sleep medicine centre, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiong Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Sleep medicine centre, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Mohit, Tomar MS, Araniti F, Pateriya A, Singh Kushwaha RA, Singh BP, Jurel SK, Singh RD, Shrivastava A, Chand P. Identification of metabolic fingerprints in severe obstructive sleep apnea using gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1026848. [PMID: 36504723 PMCID: PMC9732946 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1026848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is considered a major sleep-related breathing problem with an increasing prevalence rate. Retrospective studies have revealed the risk of various comorbidities associated with increased severity of OSA. This study aims to identify novel metabolic biomarkers associated with severe OSA. Methods: In total, 50 cases of OSA patients (49.74 ± 11.87 years) and 30 controls (39.20 ± 3.29 years) were included in the study. According to the polysomnography reports and questionnaire-based assessment, only patients with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI >30 events/hour) exceeding the threshold representing severe OSA patients were considered for metabolite analysis. Plasma metabolites were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: A total of 92 metabolites were identified in the OSA group compared with the control group after metabolic profiling. Metabolites and their correlated metabolic pathways were significantly altered in OSA patients with respect to controls. The fold-change analysis revealed markers of chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular risk, and oxidative stress-like indoxyl sulfate, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and 5-aminolevulenic acid, respectively, which were significantly upregulated in OSA patients. Conclusion: Identifying these metabolic signatures paves the way to monitor comorbid disease progression due to OSA. Results of this study suggest that blood plasma-based biomarkers may have the potential for disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India,Center for Advance Research, Faculty of Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Manendra Singh Tomar
- Center for Advance Research, Faculty of Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Fabrizio Araniti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ankit Pateriya
- Center for Advance Research, Faculty of Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Ram Awadh Singh Kushwaha
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Sunit Kumar Jurel
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Raghuwar Dayal Singh
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Ashutosh Shrivastava
- Center for Advance Research, Faculty of Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India,*Correspondence: Ashutosh Shrivastava, ; Pooran Chand,
| | - Pooran Chand
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India,*Correspondence: Ashutosh Shrivastava, ; Pooran Chand,
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Interactions between Tryptophan Metabolism, the Gut Microbiome and the Immune System as Potential Drivers of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Metabolic Diseases. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060514. [PMID: 35736447 PMCID: PMC9227929 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing and therefore is its burden of disease as NALFD is a risk factor for cirrhosis and is associated with other metabolic conditions such as type II diabetes, obesity, dyslipidaemia and atherosclerosis. Linking these cardiometabolic diseases is a state of low-grade inflammation, with higher cytokines and c-reactive protein levels found in individuals with NAFLD, obesity and type II diabetes. A possible therapeutic target to decrease this state of low-grade inflammation is the metabolism of the essential amino-acid tryptophan. Its three main metabolic pathways (kynurenine pathway, indole pathway and serotonin/melatonin pathway) result in metabolites such as kynurenic acid, xanturenic acid, indole-3-propionic acid and serotonin/melatonin. The kynurenine pathway is regulated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme that is upregulated by pro-inflammatory molecules such as INF, IL-6 and LPS. Higher activity of IDO is associated with increased inflammation and fibrosis in NAFLD, as well with increased glucose levels, obesity and atherosclerosis. On the other hand, increased concentrations of the indole pathway metabolites, regulated by the gut microbiome, seem to result in more favorable outcomes. This narrative review summarizes the interactions between tryptophan metabolism, the gut microbiome and the immune system as potential drivers of cardiometabolic diseases in NAFLD.
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Chen Q, Lin G, Chen Y, Li C, Wu L, Hu X, Lin Q. miR-3574 ameliorates intermittent hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte injury through inhibiting Axin1. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:8068-8077. [PMID: 33582657 PMCID: PMC8034950 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective: miRNAs play critical roles in the regulation of many cardiovascular diseases. However, its role and potential mechanism in cardiac injury caused by obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) remain poorly elucidated. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of miR-3574 on cardiomyocyte injury under intermittent hypoxia (IH). Results: We confirmed that IH inhibited cell viability, induced cell apoptosis and suppressed miR-3574 expression in the H9c2. miR-3574 overexpression could ameliorate the effects of IH on the cell viability and cell apoptosis in the H9c2. Axin1 was a target gene of miR-3574, and miR-3574 overexpression reduced the expression of Axin1. miR-3574 could inhibit the IH-induced cardiomyocyte injury via downregulating Axin1. However, Axin1 could partially reverse these effects of miR-3574. Conclusion: Our study first reveals that miR-3574 could alleviate IH-induced cardiomyocyte injury by targeting Axin1, which may function as a novel and promising therapy target for OSA-associated cardiovascular diseases. Methods: H9c2 were exposed to IH condition. CCK-8 assay was applied to determine cell viability of H9c2. qRT-PCR was conducted to measure the expression level of mRNA and miRNA. Western blot assay was then performed to detect the protein levels. Finally, we used dual-luciferase reporter assay identify the potential target of miR-3574.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fengze, Quanzhou 362000, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Taijiang, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Guofu Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Taijiang, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Yongfa Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Siming, Xiamen 361001, China
| | - Chaowei Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fengze, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Lizhen Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fengze, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fengze, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Qichang Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Taijiang, Fuzhou 350005, China
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Boulet L, Besson G, Van Noolen L, Faure P, Maillot F, Corne C. Tryptophan metabolism in phenylketonuria: A French adult cohort study. J Inherit Metab Dis 2020; 43:944-951. [PMID: 32392388 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Many similarities between tryptophan (Trp) and phenylalanine (Phe) metabolisms exist. It is possible that a modification of Trp metabolism might be seen in phenylketonuria (PKU). As some of these metabolites have neuroactive properties, they should be consider in neurological impairment seen in this pathology and not totally explained by blood Phe concentrations. One hundred and fifty-one adult PKU patients (mean age 26.8 years) were included for this study. Plasma Trp, kynurenine (KYN), 3-hydroxykynurenic acid (3HK), and kynurenic acid (KA) were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. KYN and 3HK were significantly lower in PKU patients compared to general population (P < .0001), and KA was significantly enhanced is this population (P = .009). Furthermore, 3HK concentration was significantly different between PKU patients underwent controlled low-Phe diet compared to PKU patients without this diet (P = .0016). In PKU patients with diet, taking AA substitute enable higher plasma 3HK concentration than without (P = .0008) but still not reaching general population level (P < .0001). Although further study has to be done, it is clear that Trp metabolism is modified in adult PKU patients. An exploration of complete Trp metabolism, and not only Trp concentration, is needed in PKU population, but also in other inborn error of metabolism treated with hypoprotidic diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lysiane Boulet
- Laboratoire des Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, Service de Biochimie, Biologie Moléculaire, Toxicologie Environnementale, CHU de Grenoble-Alpes site Nord- Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, La Tronche, France
| | - Gérard Besson
- Service de Neurologie Générale, CHU de Grenoble-Alpes site Nord, La Tronche, France
| | - Laetitia Van Noolen
- Laboratoire des Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, Service de Biochimie, Biologie Moléculaire, Toxicologie Environnementale, CHU de Grenoble-Alpes site Nord- Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, La Tronche, France
| | - Patrice Faure
- Service de Biochimie, Biologie Moléculaire, Toxicologie Environnementale, CHU de Grenoble-Alpes site Nord- Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, La Tronche, France
| | - François Maillot
- CHRU de Tours, médecine interne, université de Tours, INSERM 1253, Tours, France
| | - Christelle Corne
- Laboratoire des Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, Service de Biochimie, Biologie Moléculaire, Toxicologie Environnementale, CHU de Grenoble-Alpes site Nord- Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, La Tronche, France
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Konieczna L, Pyszka M, Okońska M, Niedźwiecki M, Bączek T. Bioanalysis of underivatized amino acids in non-invasive exhaled breath condensate samples using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1542:72-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Ferguson MS, Magill JC, Kotecha BT. Narrative review of contemporary treatment options in the care of patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2017; 11:411-423. [PMID: 29059008 DOI: 10.1177/1753465817736263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) are increasingly common conditions, and confer a significant health and socioeconomic burden. Furthermore, untreated OSA represents a significant mortality risk. Patients require careful assessment, including detailed clinical history and examination, sleep study and drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE). Although nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) is the gold standard treatment for moderate and severe OSA, multidisciplinary team assessment is often required to develop the best treatment plan for an individual, especially when nasal CPAP is poorly tolerated. There is a wide range of medical and surgical treatment options, and following appropriate patient selection and assessment, a focused site-specific, often multilevel, intervention is indicated. There is an increasing body of evidence in the literature supporting these multilevel interventions and with agreement on standardized outcome measures more trials are likely to improve the robustness of these data further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Ferguson
- Department of Otolaryngology, Royal National Throat, Nose & Ear Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Bhik T Kotecha
- Department of Otolaryngology, Royal National Throat, Nose & Ear Hospital, 330 Grays Inn Road, London WC1X 8DA, UK
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Simultaneous determination of tryptophan and 8 metabolites in human plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1054:36-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Zhu Y, Wang P, Sha W, Sang S. Urinary Biomarkers of Whole Grain Wheat Intake Identified by Non-targeted and Targeted Metabolomics Approaches. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36278. [PMID: 27805021 PMCID: PMC5090248 DOI: 10.1038/srep36278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that whole grain (WG) intake plays an important role in chronic disease prevention. However, numerous human studies have failed to produce clear-cut conclusions on this topic. Here, a combination of non-targeted and targeted metabolomics approaches, together with kinetic studies, was used to investigate biomarkers of WG wheat intake and further explore the diet-disease associations. Via these integrated approaches, forty-one compounds were identified as the most discriminating endogenous metabolites after WG versus refined grain (RG) wheat bread consumption. The corresponding biological assessment of these endogenous changes suggests that, in contrast to RG consumption, WG wheat consumption may facilitate antioxidant defense systems and moderate the risk factors of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and other chronic diseases. A panel of urinary markers consisting of seven alkylresorcinol metabolites and five benzoxazinoid derivatives as specific biomarkers, as well as five phenolic acid derivatives, was also established to cover multiple time points and longer time periods for correctly and objectively monitoring WG wheat intake. Through these findings, we have established a comprehensive biomarker pool to better assess WG wheat consumption, and to monitor the endogenous changes that are linked to health effects of WG wheat consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdong Zhu
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Pei Wang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Wei Sha
- Bioinformatics Services Division, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Shengmin Sang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
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