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Tan H, Othman MHD, Chong WT, Kek HY, Wong SL, Nyakuma BB, Mong GR, Wahab RA, Wong KY. Turning plastics/microplastics into valuable resources? Current and potential research for future applications. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 356:120644. [PMID: 38522274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Plastics are a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic materials, mainly consisting of polymers. The use of plastics has increased to over 300 million metric tonnes in recent years, and by 2050, it is expected to grow to 800 million. Presently, a mere 10% of plastic waste is recycled, with approximately 75% ended up in landfills. Inappropriate disposal of plastic waste into the environment poses a threat to human lives and marine species. Therefore, this review article highlights potential routes for converting plastic/microplastic waste into valuable resources to promote a greener and more sustainable environment. The literature review revealed that plastics/microplastics (P/MP) could be recycled or upcycled into various products or materials via several innovative processes. For example, P/MP are recycled and utilized as anodes in lithium-ion (Li-ion) and sodium-ion (Na-ion) batteries. The anode in Na-ion batteries comprising PP carbon powder exhibits a high reversible capacity of ∼340 mAh/g at 0.01 A/g current state. In contrast, integrating Fe3O4 and PE into a Li-ion battery yielded an excellent capacity of 1123 mAh/g at 0.5 A/g current state. Additionally, recycled Nylon displayed high physical and mechanical properties necessary for excellent application as 3D printing material. Induction heating is considered a revolutionary pyrolysis technique with improved yield, efficiency, and lower energy utilization. Overall, P/MPs are highlighted as abundant resources for the sustainable production of valuable products and materials such as batteries, nanomaterials, graphene, and membranes for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyi Tan
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, University Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknlogi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Wen Tong Chong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hong Yee Kek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Syie Luing Wong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Bemgba Bevan Nyakuma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Computing, Pen Resource University, P. M. B. 08, Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria
| | - Guo Ren Mong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, 43900, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Keng Yinn Wong
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Process Systems Engineering Centre (PROSPECT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
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Barranco-García R, García-Peñas A, Blázquez-Blázquez E, Ressia JA, Quinzani LM, Vallés EM, Gómez-Elvira JM, Pérez E, Cerrada ML. Polypropylene Nanocomposites Attained by In Situ Polymerization Using SBA-15 Particles as Support for Metallocene Catalysts: Effect of Molecular Weight and Tacticity on Crystalline Details, Phase Transitions and Rheological Behavior. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114261. [PMID: 37298738 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, nanocomposites based on polypropylene are synthesized by the in situ polymerization of propene in the presence of mesoporous SBA-15 silica, which acts as a carrier of the catalytic system (zirconocene as catalyst and methylaluminoxane as cocatalyst). The protocol for the immobilization and attainment of hybrid SBA-15 particles involves a pre-stage of contact between the catalyst with cocatalyst before their final functionalization. Two zirconocene catalysts are tested in order to attain materials with different microstructural characteristics, molar masses and regioregularities of chains. Some polypropylene chains are able to be accommodated within the silica mesostructure of these composites. Thus, an endothermic event of small intensity appears during heating calorimetric experiments at approximately 105 °C. The existence of these polypropylene crystals, confined within the nanometric channels of silica, is corroborated by SAXS measurements obtained via the change in the intensity and position of the first-order diffraction of SBA-15. The incorporation of silica also has a very significant effect on the rheological response of the resultant materials, leading to important variations in various magnitudes, such as the shear storage modulus, viscosity and δ angle, when a comparison is established with the corresponding neat iPP matrices. Rheological percolation is reached, thus demonstrating the role of SBA-15 particles as filler, in addition to the supporting role that they exert during the polymerizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Barranco-García
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto García-Peñas
- Departamento de Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales e Ingeniería Química, IAAB, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad, 30, 28911 Leganés, Spain
| | - Enrique Blázquez-Blázquez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge A Ressia
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI), UNS-CONICET, Camino La Carrindanga km. 7, Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
- Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC), La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Lidia M Quinzani
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI), UNS-CONICET, Camino La Carrindanga km. 7, Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
| | - Enrique M Vallés
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI), UNS-CONICET, Camino La Carrindanga km. 7, Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
| | - José M Gómez-Elvira
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ernesto Pérez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - María L Cerrada
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Díez-Rodríguez TM, Blázquez-Blázquez E, Fernández-García M, Muñoz-Bonilla A, Pérez E, Cerrada ML. Antimicrobial Activity and Crystallization Features in Bio-Based Composites of PLLA and MCM-41 Particles Either Pristine or Functionalized with Confined Ag Nanowires. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092084. [PMID: 37177226 PMCID: PMC10180868 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Composites based on an L-rich poly(lactic acid) (PLLA) and MCM-41, either neat or modified with a silver (MCM-41@Ag), are achieved by solvent casting, being next processed by compression molding. Ag is mainly embedded as nanowires within the hybrid MCM-41@Ag particles, enabling its antimicrobial character. In these composites, the PLLA thermal stability, nucleation efficiency, and mechanical response are dependent on the MCM-41 nature and, to a lesser extent, on its content. Thus, differences in transitions of the PLLA matrix are noticed during cooling at 10 °C/min and in the subsequent heating when composites with neat or modified MCM-41 are compared. A very remarkable nucleation effect is played by pristine MCM-41, being inferior when MCM-41@Ag is incorporated into the PLLA. Wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) measurements using synchrotron radiation and performed under variable-temperature conditions in the composites containing MCM-41@Ag indicate that during cold crystallization, the disordered α' polymorph is initially formed, but it rapidly transforms into ordered α crystals. A long spacing peak, clearly seen in pure PLLA, appears as a small shoulder in PLLAMCM@Ag4 and is undetectable in PLLAMCM@Ag9 and PLLAMCM@Ag20. Furthermore, an increase in MH with the silica content is found in the two sets of composites, the higher MH values being observed in the family of PLLA and MCM-41@Ag. Finally, remarkable antimicrobial features are noticeable in the composites with MCM-41@Ag since this modified silica transfers its biocidal characteristics into the PLLA composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara M Díez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Blázquez-Blázquez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Fernández-García
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandra Muñoz-Bonilla
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ernesto Pérez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - María L Cerrada
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Cecílio DM, Cerrada M, Pérez E, Fernandes A, Paulo Lourenço J, McKenna TF, Rosário Ribeiro M. A novel approach for preparation of nanocomposites with an excellent rigidity/deformability balance based on reinforced HDPE with halloysite. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Yan J, Cai Y, Xu R, Wang B, Nie L. Separation of oil vapour by polyether block amide composite membrane modified with porous materials. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:220008. [PMID: 36425523 PMCID: PMC9682297 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ability of membranes to separate oil vapour is affected by their permeance and selectivity. This study modifies polyether block amide (PEBA) composite membranes with a microporous zeolite, Silicalite-1, or a mesoporous zeolite, MCM-41. The results show that when PEBA composite membranes are modified with these zeolites, the selective layer of the composite membrane is coated more thinly, resulting in a higher flux of organic gas. Silicalite-1 increases the hydrophobicity of the membrane, which facilitates the adsorption of organic vapour on the membrane surface, thus improving the membrane selectivity. In the separation of oil vapour, both modified membranes can effectively increase the gas permeabilities and selectivities. The main mechanism governing gas transport in the MCM-41-modified membrane is Knudsen diffusion, so the selectivity for small molecules is improved more significantly. By contrast, the dissolution-diffusion mechanism is dominant in the Silicalite-1-modified membranes, which considerably increases the selectivity for large molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyi Yan
- College of Petrochemical Engineering and Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, No.1 Haida South Road, Lincheng Street, Dinghai District, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Cai
- College of Petrochemical Engineering and Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, No.1 Haida South Road, Lincheng Street, Dinghai District, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316000, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Xu
- College of Naval Architecture and Maritime, Zhejiang Ocean University, No.1 Haida South Road, Lincheng Street, Dinghai District, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316000, People's Republic of China
| | - Beifu Wang
- College of Petrochemical Engineering and Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, No.1 Haida South Road, Lincheng Street, Dinghai District, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Nie
- College of Petrochemical Engineering and Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, No.1 Haida South Road, Lincheng Street, Dinghai District, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316000, People's Republic of China
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6
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Effect of Graphene Nanofibers on the Morphological, Structural, Thermal, Phase Transitions and Mechanical Characteristics in Metallocene iPP Based Nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs6060161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several nanocomposites were prepared by extrusion from a commercial metallocene-type isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and different amounts of two types of graphene (G) nanofibers: ones with a high specific surface, named GHS, and the others with a low specific surface, labeled as GLS. The number of graphene layers was found to be around eight for GLS and about five in the GHS. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the resultant iPP nanocomposites showed a better homogeneity in the dispersion of the GLS nanofibers within the polymeric matrix compared with the distribution observed for the GHS ones. Crystallinity in the nanocomposites turned out to be dependent upon graphene content and upon thermal treatment applied during film preparation, the effect of the nature of the nanofiber being negligible. Graphene exerted a noticeable nucleating effect in the iPP crystallization. Furthermore, thermal stability was enlarged, shifting to higher temperatures, with increasing nanofiber amount. The mechanical response changed significantly with nanofiber type, along with its content, together with the thermal treatment applied to the nanocomposites. Features of nanofiber surface played a key role in the ultimate properties related to superficial and bulk stiffness.
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Díez-Rodríguez TM, Blázquez-Blázquez E, Pérez E, Cerrada ML. Influence of Content in D Isomer and Incorporation of SBA-15 Silica on the Crystallization Ability and Mechanical Properties in PLLA Based Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061237. [PMID: 35335567 PMCID: PMC8949796 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Two L-rich polylactides (PLLA) with distinct contents in D isomer and their composites with an intermediate amount of mesoporous Santa Barbara Amorphous-15 (SBA-15) (about 9 wt.%) particles were attained by melt extrusion for the evaluation of the effect of content in D isomer and incorporation of mesoporous silica on the structural PLLA features and on their ultimate mechanical performance. For that, samples have been crystallized under dynamic and isothermal tests (from the melt and from the glassy states). The results from DSC and X-ray diffraction show obtainment of the pure α’ and α modifications at different intervals of crystallization temperature depending on the D steroisomer amount of the PLLA used. Furthermore, several phase transitions are observed depending on the crystallinity reached and the polymorphs developed during the isothermal crystallization from the glass: an additional cold crystallization, the α’/α transformation and the subsequent melting process, appearing all of them at temperatures clearly dependent on the D content. Rigidity, measured through microhardness in amorphous samples, is also affected by the D isomer and the presence of SBA-15 particles. Reinforcement effect of mesoporous silica is relatively more important in the matrix with the highest D content.
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8
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Díez-Rodríguez TM, Blázquez-Blázquez E, Antunes NLC, Ribeiro MR, Pérez E, Cerrada ML. Nanocomposites of PCL and SBA-15 Particles Prepared by Extrusion: Structural Characteristics, Confinement of PCL Chains within SBA-15 Nanometric Channels and Mechanical Behavior. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:129. [PMID: 35012150 PMCID: PMC8747316 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A study of different nanocomposites based on poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and mesoporous SBA-15 silica that were prepared by melt extrusion was carried out by analyzing the possible effect of this filler on the crystalline details of PCL, on its mechanical behavior, and on the eventual observation of the confinement of the polymeric chains within the hollow nanometric silica channels. Thus, simultaneous Small-Angle and Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS/WAXS) synchrotron experiments at variable temperature were performed on these PCL nanocomposites with different mesoporous silica contents. The importance of the morphological and structural features was assessed by the changes that were observed during the mechanical response of the final materials, which determined that the presence of mesoporous particles leads to a noticeable reinforcing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara M Díez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Blázquez-Blázquez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nadine L C Antunes
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Rosário Ribeiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ernesto Pérez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - María L Cerrada
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Costa DC, Bengoa JF, Marchetti SG, Vetere V. Impact of the surface hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity ratio on the catalytic properties of Ni nanoparticles/MCM-41 system used in the hydrogenation of acetophenone. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Yang Y, Narayanan Nair AK, Sun S. Sorption and Diffusion of Methane, Carbon Dioxide, and Their Mixture in Amorphous Polyethylene at High Pressures and Temperatures. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c06110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yafan Yang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Computational Transport Phenomena Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arun Kumar Narayanan Nair
- Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Computational Transport Phenomena Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shuyu Sun
- Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Computational Transport Phenomena Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Zargarnezhad H, Asselin E, Wong D, Lam CNC. A Critical Review of the Time-Dependent Performance of Polymeric Pipeline Coatings: Focus on Hydration of Epoxy-Based Coatings. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1517. [PMID: 34065062 PMCID: PMC8125940 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The barrier performance of organic coatings is a direct function of mass transport and long-term stability of the polymeric structure. A predictive assessment of the protective coating cannot be conducted a priori of degradation effects on transport. Epoxy-based powder coatings are an attractive class of coatings for pipelines and other structures because application processing times are low and residual stresses between polymer layers are reduced. However, water ingress into the polymeric network of these coatings is of particular interest due to associated competitive sorption and plasticization effects. This review examines common analytical techniques for identifying parameters involved in transport in wet environments and underscores the gaps in the literature for the evaluation of the long-term performance of such coating systems. Studies have shown that the extent of polymer hydration has a major impact on gas and ion permeability/selectivity. Thus, transport analyses based only on micropore filling (i.e., adsorption) by water molecules are inadequate. Combinatorial entropy of the glassy epoxy and water vapor mixture not only affects the mechanism of membrane plasticization, but also changes the sorption kinetics of gas permeation and causes a partial gas immobility in the system. However, diffusivity, defined as the product of a kinetic mobility parameter and a concentration-dependent thermodynamic parameter, can eventually become favorable for gas transport at elevated temperatures, meaning that increasing gas pressure can decrease selectivity of the membrane for gas permeation. On the other hand, reverse osmosis membranes have shown that salt permeation is sensitive to, among other variables, water content in the polymer and a fundamental attribute in ionic diffusion is the effective size of hydrated ions. In addition, external electron sources-e.g., cathodic protection potentials for pipeline structures-can alter the kinetics of this transport as the tendency of ions to dissociate increases due to electrostatic forces. Focusing primarily on epoxy-based powder coatings, this review demonstrates that service parameters such as humidity, temperature, and concentration of aggressive species can dynamically develop different transport mechanisms, each at the expense of others. Although multilayered coating systems decrease moisture ingress and the consequences of environmental exposure, this survey shows that demands for extreme operating conditions can pose new challenges for coating materials and sparse data on transport properties would limit analysis of the remaining life of the system. This knowledge gap impedes the prediction of the likelihood of coating and, consequently, infrastructure failures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Zargarnezhad
- Department of Materials Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 309-6350 Stores Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Edouard Asselin
- Department of Materials Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 309-6350 Stores Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Dennis Wong
- Shawcor Ltd., 25 Bethridge Road, Toronto, ON M9W 1M7, Canada; (D.W.); (C.N.C.L.)
| | - C. N. Catherine Lam
- Shawcor Ltd., 25 Bethridge Road, Toronto, ON M9W 1M7, Canada; (D.W.); (C.N.C.L.)
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Lai WH, Hong CY, Tseng HH, Wey MY. Fabrication of waterproof gas separation membrane from plastic waste for CO 2 separation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110760. [PMID: 33493535 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, waste polystyrene (wPS) plastic was used to prepare gas-separation membranes with hot-pressing technology to reduce the accumulation of plastic waste. Polystyrene is a commonly used polymer for the production of plastic products, and it is also used in the synthesis of membranes for gas separation. Compared to the traditional synthesis process, hot-pressing is environmentally friendly because it does not require organic solvents. The mobility of the polymer chain and the integrity and free volume of the membrane are affected by the temperature, pressure, duration, and annealing environment of the hot-pressing process, thereby altering the performance of the membrane. Additionally, when the wPS contained polybutadiene, the gas separation membranes showed a selectivity of 17.14 for CO2/N2. The membranes also exhibited ideal waterproof performance when the membranes were operated under water pressures of 1-5 bar. Therefore, membranes derived from wPS through hot pressing are waterproof and can be used for gas separation. Furthermore, they are expected to maintain their separation performance in complex environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsiung Lai
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chen-Yao Hong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hui-Hsin Tseng
- School of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Occupational Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Ming-Yen Wey
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC.
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Díez-Rodríguez TM, Blázquez-Blázquez E, Pérez E, Cerrada ML. Composites Based on Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA) and SBA-15: Effect of Mesoporous Silica on Thermal Stability and on Isothermal Crystallization from Either Glass or Molten State. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112743. [PMID: 33227923 PMCID: PMC7699165 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Several composites based on an L-rich poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with different contents of mesoporous Santa Barbara Amorphous (SBA-15) silica were prepared in order to evaluate the effect of the mesoporous silica on the resultant PLA materials by examining morphological aspects, changes in PLA phases and their transitions, and, primarily, the influence on some final properties. Melt extrusion was chosen for the obtainment of the composites, followed by quenching from the melt to prepare films. Completely amorphous samples were then attained, as deduced from X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results demonstrated that the presence of SBA-15 particles in the PLA matrix did not exert any significant influence on the thermal decomposition of these composites. An important nucleation effect of the silica was found in PLA, especially under isothermal crystallization either from the melt or from its glassy state. As expected, isothermal crystallization from the glass was considerably faster than from the molten state, and these high differences were also responsible for a more considerable nucleating role of SBA-15 when crystallizing from the melt. It is remarkable that the PLA under analysis showed very close temperatures for cold crystallization and its subsequent melting. Moreover, the type of developed polymorphs did not accomplish the common rules previously described in the literature. Thus, all the isothermal experiments led to exclusive formation of the α modification, and the observation of the α’ crystals required the annealing for long times at temperatures below 80 °C, as ascertained by both DSC and X-ray diffraction experiments. Finally, microhardness (MH) measurements indicated a competition between the PLA physical aging and the silica reinforcement effect in the as-processed amorphous films. Physical aging in the neat PLA was much more important than in the PLA matrix that constituted the composites. Accordingly, the MH trend with SBA-15 content was strongly dependent on aging times.
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14
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Si Z, Wang Z, Cai D, Li G, Li S, Qin P. A high-permeance organic solvent nanofiltration membrane via covalently bonding mesoporous MCM-41 with polyimide. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Costa JAS, Sarmento VH, Romão LP, Paranhos CM. Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aqueous media with polysulfone/MCM-41 mixed matrix membranes. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.117912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Yang Y, Narayanan Nair AK, Sun S. Adsorption and Diffusion of Methane and Carbon Dioxide in Amorphous Regions of Cross-Linked Polyethylene: A Molecular Simulation Study. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yafan Yang
- Computational Transport Phenomena Laboratory, Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arun Kumar Narayanan Nair
- Computational Transport Phenomena Laboratory, Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shuyu Sun
- Computational Transport Phenomena Laboratory, Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Barranco-García R, López-Majada JM, Lorenzo V, Gómez-Elvira JM, Pérez E, Cerrada ML. Confinement of iPP chains in the interior of SBA-15 mesostructure ascertained by gas transport properties in iPP-SBA-15 nanocomposites prepared by extrusion. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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18
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Barranco-García R, Ferreira AE, Ribeiro MR, Lorenzo V, García-Peñas A, Gómez-Elvira JM, Pérez E, Cerrada ML. Hybrid materials obtained by in situ polymerization based on polypropylene and mesoporous SBA-15 silica particles: Catalytic aspects, crystalline details and mechanical behavior. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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19
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Alikhani A, Hakim S, Nekoomanesh M. Modified preparation of HDPE/clay nanocomposite by in situ polymerization using a metallocene catalyst. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-017-0557-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Hafnocene catalyst for polyethylene and its nanocomposites with SBA-15 by in situ polymerization: Immobilization approaches, catalytic behavior and properties evaluation. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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The role of compatibility between polymeric matrix and silane coupling agents on the performance of mixed matrix membranes: Polyethersulfone/MCM-41. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Xu H, Guo CY. Polymerization in the confinement of molecular sieves: Facile preparation of high performance polyethylene. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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de la Orden M, Montes J, Martínez Urreaga J, Bento A, Ribeiro M, Pérez E, Cerrada M. Thermo and photo-oxidation of functionalized metallocene high density polyethylene: Effect of hydrophilic groups. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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24
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State-of-the-art membrane based CO2 separation using mixed matrix membranes (MMMs): An overview on current status and future directions. Prog Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 626] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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Shindo R, Kishida M, Sawa H, Kidesaki T, Sato S, Kanehashi S, Nagai K. Characterization and gas permeation properties of polyimide/ZSM-5 zeolite composite membranes containing ionic liquid. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Mayrhofer L, Paulik C. Growth Kinetics Obtained from Single Particle Gas-Phase Ethene Homopolymerization with a Ziegler-Natta Catalyst. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201300153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonhard Mayrhofer
- Institute for Chemical Technology of Organic Materials; Altenbergerstraße 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Christian Paulik
- Institute for Chemical Technology of Organic Materials; Altenbergerstraße 69 4040 Linz Austria
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27
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Cerrada ML, Pérez E, Lourenço JP, Bento A, Ribeiro MR. Decorated MCM-41/polyethylene hybrids: Crystalline details and viscoelastic behavior. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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Bento A, Lourenço JP, Fernandes A, Cerrada ML, Rosário Ribeiro M. Functionalization of Mesoporous MCM-41 (Nano)particles: Preparation Methodologies, Role on Catalytic Features, and Dispersion Within Polyethylene Nanocomposites. ChemCatChem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201200639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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