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Gjoshi S, Loukopoulou P, Plevova M, Hnat J, Bouzek K, Deimede V. Cycloaliphatic Quaternary Ammonium Functionalized Poly(oxindole biphenyl) Based Anion-Exchange Membranes for Water Electrolysis: Stability and Performance. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:99. [PMID: 38201764 PMCID: PMC10780940 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanically robust anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) with high conductivity and long-term alkali resistance are needed for water electrolysis application. In this work, aryl-ether free polyaromatics containing isatin moieties were prepared via super acid-catalyzed copolymerization, followed by functionalization with alkaline stable cyclic quaternary ammonium (QA) cationic groups, to afford high performance AEMs for application in water electrolysis. The incorporation of side functional cationic groups (pyrrolidinium and piperidinium) onto a polymer backbone via a flexible alkyl spacer aimed at conductivity and alkaline stability improvement. The effect of cation structure on the properties of prepared AEMs was thoroughly studied. Pyrrolidinium- and piperidinium-based AEMs showed similar electrolyte uptakes and no obvious phase separation, as revealed by SAXS and further supported by AFM and TEM data. In addition, these AEMs displayed high conductivity values (81. 5 and 120 mS cm-1 for pyrrolidinium- and piperidinium-based AEM, respectively, at 80 °C) and excellent alkaline stability after 1 month aging in 2M KOH at 80 °C. Especially, a pyrrolidinium-based AEM membrane preserved 87% of its initial conductivity value, while at the same time retaining its flexibility and mechanical robustness after storage in alkaline media (2M KOH) for 1 month at 80 °C. Based on 1H NMR data, the conductivity loss observed after the aging test is mainly related to the piperidinium degradation that took place, probably via ring-opening Hofmann elimination, alkyl spacer scission and nucleophilic substitution reactions as well. The synthesized AEMs were also tested in an alkaline water electrolysis cell. Piperidinium-based AEM showed superior performance compared to its pyrrolidinium analogue, owing to its higher conductivity as revealed by EIS data, further confirming the ex situ conductivity measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gjoshi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece; (S.G.); (P.L.)
| | - Paraskevi Loukopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece; (S.G.); (P.L.)
| | - Michaela Plevova
- Department of Inorganic Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (J.H.); (K.B.)
| | - Jaromir Hnat
- Department of Inorganic Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (J.H.); (K.B.)
| | - Karel Bouzek
- Department of Inorganic Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (J.H.); (K.B.)
| | - Valadoula Deimede
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece; (S.G.); (P.L.)
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Duan X, Zhu X, Li G, Xia R, Qian J, Ge Q. Pyrrolidinium-Based Hyperbranched Anion Exchange Membranes with Controllable Microphase Separated Morphology for Alkaline Fuel Cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200669. [PMID: 36153849 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
It is well acknowledged that the microphase-separated morphology of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) is of vital importance for membrane properties utilized in alkaline fuel cells. Herein, a rigid macromolecule poly(methyldiallylamine) (PMDA) is incorporated to regulate the microphase morphology of hyperbranched AEMs. As expected, the hyperbranched poly(vinylbenzyl chloride) (HB-PVBC) is guided to distribute along PMDA chains, and longer PMDA cha leads to a more distinct microphase morphology with interconnected ionic channels. Consequently, high chloride conductivity of 10.49 mS cm-1 at 30 °C and suppressed water swelling ratio lower than 30% at 80 °C are obtained. Furthermore, the β-H of pyrrolidinium cations in the non-antiperiplanar position increases the energy barrier of β-H elimination, leading to conformationally disfavored Hofmann elimination and increased alkaline stability. This strategy is anticipated to provide a feasible way for preparing hyperbranched AEMs with clear microphase morphology and good overall properties for alkaline fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Duan
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Gege Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Ru Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Jiasheng Qian
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Ge
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
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Swaby S, Ureña N, Teresa Pérez-Prior M, del Río C, Várez A, Sanchez JY, Iojoiu C, Levenfeld B. Proton Conducting Sulfonated Polysulfone and Polyphenylsulfone Multiblock Copolymers with Improved Performances for Fuel Cell Applications. J IND ENG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2023.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
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Using Metal-Organic Framework HKUST-1 for the Preparation of High-Conductive Hybrid Membranes Based on Multiblock Copolymers for Fuel Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020323. [PMID: 36679204 PMCID: PMC9862821 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel proton-conducting hybrid membranes consisting of sulfonated multiblock copolymer of polysulfone and polyphenylsulfone (SPES) reinforced with a HKUST-1 metal-organic framework (MOF) (5, 10, and 20 wt. %) were prepared and characterized for fuel cell applications. The presence of the MOF in the copolymer was confirmed by means of FE-SEM and EDS. The hybrid membranes show a lower contact angle value than the pure SPES, in agreement with the water uptake (WU%), i.e., by adding 5 wt. % of the MOF, this parameter increases by 20% and 40% at 30 °C and 60 °C, respectively. Additionally, the presence of the MOF increases the ion exchange capacity (IEC) from 1.62 to 1.93 mequivH+ g−1. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals that the hybrid membranes demonstrate high thermal stability in the fuel cell operation temperature range (<100 °C). The addition of the MOF maintains the mechanical stability of the membranes (TS > 85 MPa in the Na+ form). Proton conductivity was analyzed using EIS, achieving the highest value with a 5 wt. % load of the HKUST-1. This value is lower than that observed for the HKUST-1/Nafion system. However, polarization and power density curves show a remarkably better performance of the hybrid membranes in comparison to both the pure SPES and the pure Nafion membranes.
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Ren Y, Zhang A, Li L, Ma L, Jin Q, Yuan M, He G, Zhang F. Hydrogen bonding promoted electrodialysis performance of a novel blend anion exchange membrane. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Min K, Lee Y, Choi Y, Kwon OJ, Kim TH. High-performance anion exchange membranes achieved by crosslinking two aryl ether-free polymers: poly(bibenzyl N-methyl piperidine) and SEBS. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Li J, Yang C, Wang S, Xia Z, Sun G. Chemically stable piperidinium cations for anion exchange membranes. RSC Adv 2022; 12:26542-26549. [PMID: 36275149 PMCID: PMC9486533 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02286a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical stability of the anion exchange membranes (AEMs) is determinative towards the engineering applications of anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) and other AEM-based electrochemical devices, yet remains a challenge due to deficiencies in the structural design of cations. In this work, an effective design strategy for ultra-stable piperidinium cations is presented based on the systematic investigation of the chemical stability of piperidinium in harsh alkaline media. Firstly, benzyl-substituted piperidinium was degraded by about 23% in a 7 M KOH solution at 100 °C after 1436 h, which was much more stable than pyrrolidinium due to its lower ring strain. The introduction of substituent effects at the α-C position was proved to be an effective strategy for enhancing the chemical stability of the piperidinium functional group. As a result, the butyl-substituted piperidinium cation showed no obvious structural changes after being treated in the 7 M KOH solution at 100 °C for 1050 h. Afterwards, GC-MS and NMR analysis indicated that the α-C atoms in the substituents of piperidinium are fragile to the nucleophilic attack of OH-. Based on the above results, the electronic and steric effects of different alkyl substitutions were analyzed. This work provides critical insights into the structural design of chemically stable piperidinium functional groups for the AEM and boosts its application in electrochemical devices, such as fuel cells and alkaline water electrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Li
- Division of Fuel Cells and Battery, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- Key Laboratory of Fuel Cells & Hybrid Power Sources, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China
| | - Congrong Yang
- Division of Fuel Cells and Battery, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- Key Laboratory of Fuel Cells & Hybrid Power Sources, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Suli Wang
- Division of Fuel Cells and Battery, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- Key Laboratory of Fuel Cells & Hybrid Power Sources, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Zhangxun Xia
- Division of Fuel Cells and Battery, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- Key Laboratory of Fuel Cells & Hybrid Power Sources, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Gongquan Sun
- Division of Fuel Cells and Battery, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- Key Laboratory of Fuel Cells & Hybrid Power Sources, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
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Patil SS, V M, Kammakakam I, Swamy MHH, Patil KS, Lai Z, Rao H N A. Quinuclidinium-piperidinium based dual hydroxide anion exchange membranes as highly conductive and stable electrolyte materials for alkaline fuel cell applications. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Wang Z, Zhou SF, Zhuo YZ, Lai AN, Lu YZ, Wu XB. Adamantane-based block poly(arylene ether sulfone)s as anion exchange membranes. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Min K, Chae JE, Lee Y, Kim HJ, Kim TH. Crosslinked poly(m-terphenyl N-methyl piperidinium)-SEBS membranes with aryl-ether free and kinked backbones as highly stable and conductive anion exchange membranes. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Advanced anion-selective membranes with pendant quaternary ammonium for neutral aqueous supporting redox flow battery. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Shukla G, Ferrier RC. The versatile, functional polyether, polyepichlorohydrin: History, synthesis, and applications. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geetanjali Shukla
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Robert C. Ferrier
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
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Diamine crosslinked anion exchange membranes based on poly(vinyl benzyl methylpyrrolidinium) for alkaline water electrolysis. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Xue J, Zhang J, Liu X, Huang T, Jiang H, Yin Y, Qin Y, Guiver MD. Toward alkaline-stable anion exchange membranes in fuel cells: cycloaliphatic quaternary ammonium-based anion conductors. ELECTROCHEM ENERGY R 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41918-021-00105-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Zhu H, Sun Z, Cao H, Wang B, Zhao J, Pan J, Xu G, Jin Z, Yan F. Highly Conductive and Dimensionally Stable Anion Exchange Membranes Based on Poly(dimethoxybenzene- co-methyl 4-formylbenzoate) Ionomers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Huixing Cao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Bowen Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Junliang Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ji Pan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Guodong Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhiyu Jin
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Feng Yan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Chen Y, Li Y, Xu J, Chen S, Chen D. Densely Quaternized Fluorinated Poly(fluorenyl ether)s with Excellent Conductivity and Stability for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:18923-18933. [PMID: 33852269 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cationic group distribution and elemental composition are two key factors determining the conductivity and stability of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) for vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). Herein, fluorinated tetra-dimethylaminomethyl-poly(fluorenyl ether)s (TAPFE)s were designed as the polymer precursors, which were reacted with 6-bromo-N,N,N-trimethylhexan-1-aminium bromide to introduce di-quaternary ammonium (DQA) containing side chains. The resultant DQA-TAPFEs with a rigid fluorinated backbone and flexible multi-cationic side chains exhibited distinct micro-phase separation as probed by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). DQA-TAPFE-20 with an ion exchange capacity (IEC) of 1.55 mmol g-1 exhibited a SO42- conductivity of 10.1 mS cm-1 at room temperature, much higher than that of a control AEM with an identical backbone but spaced out cationic groups, which had a similar IEC of 1.60 mmol g-1 but a SO42- conductivity of only 3.2 mS cm-1. Due to the Donnan repulsion effect, the DQA-TAPFEs exhibited significantly lower VO2+ permeability than Nafion 212. The VRFB assembled with DQA-TAPFE-20 achieved an energy efficiency of 80.4% at 80 mA cm-1 and a capacity retention rate of 82.9% after the 50th cycling test, both higher than those of the VRFB assembled with Nafion 212 and other AEMs in the literature. Therefore, the rationally designed DQA-TAPFEs are promising candidates for VRFB applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Shaoyun Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Dongyang Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
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Li Z, Yu R, Liu C, Zheng J, Guo J, Sherazi TA, Li S, Zhang S. Preparation and characterization of side-chain poly(aryl ether ketone) anion exchange membranes by superacid-catalyzed reaction. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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18
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Li H, Dong J, Cao X, Ren X, Hao Z, Yang J. Diamine crossklinked anion exchange membranes based on poly(vinyl benzyl methylpyrrolidinium). POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Tan X, Sun Z, Pan J, Zhao J, Cao H, Zhu H, Yan F. Alkaline stable pyrrolidinium-type main-chain polymer: The synergetic effect between adjacent cations. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Shen B, Sana B, Pu H. Multi-block poly(ether sulfone) for anion exchange membranes with long side chains densely terminated by piperidinium. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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22
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Yang K, Chu X, Zhang X, Li X, Zheng J, Li S, Li N, Sherazi TA, Zhang S. The effect of polymer backbones and cation functional groups on properties of anion exchange membranes for fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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23
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Bi-guanidinium-based crosslinked anion exchange membranes: Synthesis, characterization, and properties. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.117923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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24
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Chemically stable poly(meta-terphenyl piperidinium) with highly conductive side chain for alkaline fuel cell membranes. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Anion Exchange Membranes Obtained from Poly(arylene ether sulfone) Block Copolymers Comprising Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Segments. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12020325. [PMID: 32033095 PMCID: PMC7077411 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The anion exchange membrane may have different physical and chemical properties, electrochemical performance and mechanical stability depending upon the monomer structure, hydrophilicity and hydrophobic repeating unit, surface form and degree of substitution of functional groups. In current work, poly(arylene ether sulfone) (PAES) block copolymer was created and used as the main chain. After controlling the amount of NBS, the degree of bromination (DB) was changed in Br-PAES. Following that, quaternized PAES (Q-PAES) was synthesized through quaternization. Q-PAES showed a tendency of enhancing water content, expansion rate, ion exchange capacity (IEC) as the degree of substitution of functional groups increased. However, it was confirmed that tensile strength and dimensional properties of membrane reduced while swelling degree was increased. In addition, phase separation of membrane was identified by atomic force microscope (AFM) image, while ionic conductivity is greatly affected by phase separation. The Q-PAES membrane demonstrated a reasonable power output of around 64 mW/cm2 while employed as electrolyte in fuel cell operation.
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Liu FH, Yang Q, Gao XL, Wu HY, Zhang QG, Zhu AM, Liu QL. Anion exchange membranes with dense N-spirocyclic cations as side-chain. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Preparation and properties of anion exchange membranes with exceptional alkaline stable polymer backbone and cation groups. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Wan R, Zhang D, Chen S, Ye N, Yang Y, He R. Influences of non-ionic branches on the properties of the anion exchange membranes based on imidazolium functionalized poly (2, 6-dimethyl-1, 4-phenylene oxide). Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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29
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Lai AN, Hu PC, Zhu RY, Yin Q, Zhou SF. Comb-shaped cardo poly(arylene ether nitrile sulfone) anion exchange membranes: significant impact of nitrile group content on morphology and properties. RSC Adv 2020; 10:15375-15382. [PMID: 35495478 PMCID: PMC9052220 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01798a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of comb-shaped cardo poly(arylene ether nitrile sulfone) (CCPENS-x) materials were synthesized by varying the content of nitrile groups as anion exchange membranes (AEMs). The well-designed architecture of cardo-based main chains and comb-shaped C10 long alkyl side chains bearing imidazolium groups was responsible for the clear microphase-separated morphologies, as confirmed by atomic force microscopy. The ion exchange capacity (IEC) of the AEMs ranged from 1.56 to 1.65 meq. g−1. With strong dipole interchain interactions, the effects of nitrile groups on the membrane morphology and properties were investigated. With the nitrile group content increasing from CCPENS-0.2 to CCPENS-0.8, CCPENS-x revealed larger and more interconnected ionic domains to form more efficient ion-transport channels, thus increasing the corresponding ionic conductivity from 25.8 to 39.5 mS cm−1 at 30 °C and 58.6 to 83 mS cm−1 at 80 °C. Furthermore, CCPENS-x with a higher content of nitrile groups also exhibited lower water uptake (WU) and swelling ratio (SR), and better mechanical properties and thermal stability. This work presents a promising strategy for enhancing the performance of AEMs. A series of comb-shaped cardo poly(arylene ether nitrile sulfone) (CCPENS-x) materials were synthesized by varying the content of nitrile groups as anion exchange membranes (AEMs).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Nan Lai
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen 361021
- PR China
| | - Peng Cheng Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen 361021
- PR China
| | - Rong Yu Zhu
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen 361021
- PR China
| | - Qi Yin
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen 361021
- PR China
| | - Shu Feng Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen 361021
- PR China
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Wang F, Xue B, Zhou S, Zheng J, Li S, Zhang S, Sherazi TA. Synthesis and property of novel anion exchange membrane based on poly(aryl ether sulfone)s bearing piperidinium moieties. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hydrophobic side chains to enhance hydroxide conductivity and physicochemical stabilities of side-chain-type polymer AEMs. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Liu J, Yan X, Gao L, Hu L, Wu X, Dai Y, Ruan X, He G. Long-branched and densely functionalized anion exchange membranes for fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sun R, Elabd YA. Synthesis and High Alkaline Chemical Stability of Polyionic Liquids with Methylpyrrolidinium, Methylpiperidinium, Methylazepanium, Methylazocanium, and Methylazonanium Cations. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:540-545. [PMID: 35619359 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present the synthesis of five styrene-based poly(ionic liquids) (PILs) containing (covalently linked) saturated N-heterocyclic cations with various ring sizes (i.e., methylpyrrolidinium, methylpiperidinium, methylazepanium, methylazocanium, and methylazonanium). High alkaline chemical stability was confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy after 4 weeks in 40 mol equiv of KOH (1.0 M KOH in D2O) at 80 °C for PILs with 5-, 6-, 7-, and 8-membered ring cations; a requirement for polymer electrolyte separators in long-lasting alkaline fuel cells. Additionally, ion conductivity of PILs increased by 4 orders of magnitude with increasing water content, where a master percolation power law curve was observed, that is, similar conductivity versus water volume fraction for all PILs, regardless of cation size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Yossef A. Elabd
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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Chu F, Chu X, Zhang S, Zhu H, Ren Y, Han J, Xie R, Lin B, Ding J. Cross‐Linked Spirocyclic Quaternary Ammonium‐Based Anion Exchange Membrane with Tunable Properties for Fuel Cell Applications. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Chu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovolatic Science and EngineeringChangzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164 China
| | - Xufeng Chu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovolatic Science and EngineeringChangzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164 China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovolatic Science and EngineeringChangzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164 China
| | - Huanhuan Zhu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovolatic Science and EngineeringChangzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164 China
| | - Yurong Ren
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovolatic Science and EngineeringChangzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164 China
| | - Juanjuan Han
- Institute for Advanced MaterialsHubei key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse TechnologyHubei Normal University Huangshi 435002 China
| | - Ruigang Xie
- College of Chemistry and Environment EngineeringBaise University, Baise 533000 P.R. China
| | - Bencai Lin
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovolatic Science and EngineeringChangzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164 China
| | - Jianning Ding
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovolatic Science and EngineeringChangzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164 China
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Chu JY, Lee KH, Kim AR, Yoo DJ. Improved Physicochemical Stability and High Ion Transportation of Poly(Arylene Ether Sulfone) Blocks Containing a Fluorinated Hydrophobic Part for Anion Exchange Membrane Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1400. [PMID: 30961325 PMCID: PMC6401760 DOI: 10.3390/polym10121400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of anion exchange membranes composed of partially fluorinated poly(arylene ether sulfone)s (PAESs) multiblock copolymers bearing quaternary ammonium groups were synthesized with controlled lengths of the hydrophilic precursor and hydrophobic oligomer via direct polycondensation. The chloromethylation and quaternization proceeded well by optimizing the reaction conditions to improve hydroxide conductivity and physical stability, and the fabricated membranes were very flexible and transparent. Atomic force microscope images of quaternized PAES (QN-PAES) membranes showed excellent hydrophilic/hydrophobic phase separation and distinct ion transition channels. An extended architecture of phase separation was observed by increasing the hydrophilic oligomer length, which resulted in significant improvements in the water uptake, ion exchange capacity, and hydroxide conductivity. Furthermore, the open circuit voltage (OCV) of QN-PAES X10Y23 and X10Y13 was found to be above 0.9 V, and the maximum power density of QN-PAES X10Y13 was 131.7 mW cm-2 at 60 °C under 100% RH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Chu
- Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering of Graduate School, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
| | - Kyu Ha Lee
- Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering of Graduate School, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
| | - Ae Rhan Kim
- R&D Center for CANUTECH, Business Incubation Center and Department of Bioenvironmental Chemistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
| | - Dong Jin Yoo
- Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering of Graduate School, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
- Department of Life Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
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Li L, Lin CX, Wang XQ, Yang Q, Zhang QG, Zhu AM, Liu QL. Highly conductive anion exchange membranes with long flexible multication spacer. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Li Z, He G, Li Z, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Xu M, Xu S, Jiang Z. Enhancing the hydroxide conductivity of imidazolium-functionalized polysulfone by incorporating organic microsphere with ionic brushes. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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Wang C, Li H, Zhang H, Sun R, Song W, Xie M. Enhanced Ionic and Electronic Conductivity of Polyacetylene with Dendritic 1,2,3-Triazolium-Oligo(ethylene glycol) Pendants. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201800025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cuifang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China Normal University; Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Hongfei Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China Normal University; Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Hengchen Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China Normal University; Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Ruyi Sun
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China Normal University; Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Polymer and Composite Material; School of Materials Engineering; Yancheng Institute of Technology; Yancheng 224051 China
| | - Meiran Xie
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China Normal University; Shanghai 200241 China
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