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Ma L, Song H, Gong X, Chen L, Gong J, Chen Z, Shen J, Gu M. A High-Methanol-Permeation Resistivity Polyamide-Based Proton Exchange Membrane Fabricated via a Hyperbranching Design. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2480. [PMID: 39274112 PMCID: PMC11397882 DOI: 10.3390/polym16172480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Four non-fluorinated sulfonimide polyamides (s-PAs) were successfully synthesized and a series of membranes were prepared by blending s-PA with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) to achieve high-methanol-permeation resistivity for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications. Four membranes were fabricated by blending 50 wt% PVDF with s-PA, named BPD-101, BPD-102, BPD-111 and BPD-211, respectively. The s-PA/PVDF membranes exhibit high methanol resistivity, especially for the BPD-111 membrane with methanol resistivity of 8.13 × 10-7 cm2/s, which is one order of magnitude smaller than that of the Nafion 117 membrane. The tensile strength of the BPD-111 membrane is 15 MPa, comparable to that of the Nafion 117 membrane. Moreover, the four membranes also show good thermal stability up to 230 °C. The BPD-x membrane exhibits good oxidative stability, and the measured residual weights of the BPD-111 membrane are 97% and 93% after treating in Fenton's reagent (80 °C) for 1 h and 24 h, respectively. By considering the mechanical, thermal and dimensional properties, the polyamide proton-exchange membrane exhibits promising application potential for direct methanol fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Ma
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Road, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Hongxia Song
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Road, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Xiaofei Gong
- Kaili No. 8 Middle School, 70 Qingjiang Road, Kaili 556000, China
| | - Lu Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Road, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Jiangning Gong
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Road, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Zhijiao Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Road, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Jing Shen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Road, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Manqi Gu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Road, Guiyang 550001, China
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Neeshma M, Dhanasekaran P, Sreekuttan MU, Santoshkumar DB. Short side chain perfluorosulfonic acid composite membrane with covalently grafted cup stacked carbon nanofibers for polymer electrolyte fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kuppusamy HG, Dhanasekaran P, Nagaraju N, Neeshma M, Dass BM, Dhavale VM, Unni SM, Bhat SD. Anion Exchange Membranes for Alkaline Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells-A Concise Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5601. [PMID: 36013738 PMCID: PMC9413767 DOI: 10.3390/ma15165601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Solid anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolytes are an essential commodity considering their importance as separators in alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells (APEFC). Mechanical and thermal stability are distinguished by polymer matrix characteristics, whereas anion exchange capacity, transport number, and conductivities are governed by the anionic group. The physico-chemical stability is regulated mostly by the polymer matrix and, to a lesser extent, the cationic head framework. The quaternary ammonium (QA), phosphonium, guanidinium, benzimidazolium, pyrrolidinium, and spirocyclic cation-based AEMs are widely studied in the literature. In addition, ion solvating blends, hybrids, and interpenetrating networks still hold prominence in terms of membrane stability. To realize and enhance the performance of an alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cell (APEFC), it is also necessary to understand the transport processes for the hydroxyl (OH-) ion in anion exchange membranes. In the present review, the radiation grafting of the monomer and chemical modification to introduce cationic charges/moiety are emphasized. In follow-up, the recent advances in the synthesis of anion exchange membranes from poly(phenylene oxide) via chloromethylation and quaternization, and from aliphatic polymers such as poly(vinyl alcohol) and chitosan via direct quaternization are highlighted. Overall, this review concisely provides an in-depth analysis of recent advances in anion exchange membrane (AEM) and its viability in APEFC.
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Song J, Sun L, Duan J, Wang W, Qu S. Preparation and performance of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) membranes enhanced with ammonium ionic liquid and graphene oxide. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083211069929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The exploration of proton exchange membranes with excellent performance has always been under focus for improving the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. In this study, novel ternary composite proton exchange membranes based on sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK), triethylamine phosphate (TEAP) as the ammonium ionic liquid (AIL), and graphene oxide (GO) were prepared. The prepared membranes were characterized for their physical, physico-chemical, structural, morphological, thermal, mechanical, and electrical characteristics. The thermal stability of the SPEEK membrane was improved by the addition of GO and TEAP. GO was inserted into the composite membrane to form proton transfer channels. The amine ions in AIL formed acid–base pairs with the sulfonic acid group, whereas the oxygen-containing group on GO formed hydrogen bonds with the phosphate group. These groups interacted with each other to form a honeycomb-like structure, which anchored the AIL in the membrane and reduced its loss, providing additional sites for proton transport at higher temperatures. The proton conductivity of the SPEEK/AIL/GO-2 membrane reached 17.345 mS/cm at 120°C, which was 2.09 times higher than that of the pristine SPEEK membrane. This study provides the possibility for better preparation of proton exchange membranes used for high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxun Song
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jihai Duan
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Weiwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuguo Qu
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, China
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Charged nanochannels endow COF membrane with weakly concentration-dependent methanol permeability. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Wang Z, Ren J, Sun Y, Wang L, Fan Y, Zheng J, Qian H, Li S, Xu J, Zhang S. Fluorinated strategy of node structure of Zr-based MOF for construction of high-performance composite polymer electrolyte membranes. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Wang Y, Liu L, Liu Y, Li N, Hu Z, Chen S. Double-filler composite sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketone) membranes with graphite carbon nitride and graphene oxide as polyelectrolyte for fuel cells. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Li Z, Hao X, Cheng G, Huang S, Han D, Xiao M, Wang S, Meng Y. In situ implantation of cross-linked functional POSS blocks in Nafion® for high performance direct methanol fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Designing highly selective and stable water transport channel through graphene oxide membranes functionalized with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane for ethanol dehydration. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Simari C, Nicotera I, Aricò AS, Baglio V, Lufrano F. New Insights into Properties of Methanol Transport in Sulfonated Polysulfone Composite Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13091386. [PMID: 33923207 PMCID: PMC8123112 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Methanol crossover through a polymer electrolyte membrane has numerous negative effects on direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) because it decreases the cell voltage due to a mixed potential (occurrence of both oxygen reduction and methanol oxidation reactions) at the cathode, lowers the overall fuel utilization and contributes to long-term membrane degradation. In this work, an investigation of methanol transport properties of composite membranes based on sulfonated polysulfone (sPSf) and modified silica filler is carried out using the PFG-NMR technique, mainly focusing on high methanol concentration (i.e., 5 M). The influence of methanol crossover on the performance of DMFCs equipped with low-cost sPSf-based membranes operating with 5 M methanol solution at the anode is studied, with particular emphasis on the composite membrane approach. Using a surface-modified-silica filler into composite membranes based on sPSf allows reducing methanol cross-over of 50% compared with the pristine membrane, making it a good candidate to be used as polymer electrolyte for high energy DMFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cataldo Simari
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy;
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Isabella Nicotera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy;
| | - Antonino Salvatore Aricò
- CNR-ITAE, Istituto di Tecnologie Avanzate per l’Energia “Nicola Giordano”, Via Salita S. Lucia sopra Contesse n., 5-98126 S. Lucia-Messina, Italy; (A.S.A.); (V.B.)
| | - Vincenzo Baglio
- CNR-ITAE, Istituto di Tecnologie Avanzate per l’Energia “Nicola Giordano”, Via Salita S. Lucia sopra Contesse n., 5-98126 S. Lucia-Messina, Italy; (A.S.A.); (V.B.)
| | - Francesco Lufrano
- CNR-ITAE, Istituto di Tecnologie Avanzate per l’Energia “Nicola Giordano”, Via Salita S. Lucia sopra Contesse n., 5-98126 S. Lucia-Messina, Italy; (A.S.A.); (V.B.)
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (F.L.)
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Sangthumchai T, Kamjornsupamitr T, Saengsaen S, Pumingdawn N, Panawong C, Sumranjit J, Budsombat S. Composite polymer electrolyte membranes from semi-interpenetrating networks of poly(vinyl alcohol) and silica nanoparticles containing poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid). POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Turanelloormana P, Sarmah S, Torris A, Bhat SD, Unni SM. Functionalized Single‐Walled Carbon Nanohorns to Reinforce Sulfonated Poly(ether ether ketone) Electrolyte for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parameswaran Turanelloormana
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute Madras UnitCSIR Madras Complex, Taramani Chennai 600113 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Sudeshna Sarmah
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute Madras UnitCSIR Madras Complex, Taramani Chennai 600113 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Arun Torris
- Polymer Science and Engineering DivisionCSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Pashan Road Pune 411008 Maharashtra India
| | - Santoshkumar D. Bhat
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute Madras UnitCSIR Madras Complex, Taramani Chennai 600113 Tamil Nadu India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Sreekuttan M. Unni
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute Madras UnitCSIR Madras Complex, Taramani Chennai 600113 Tamil Nadu India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
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