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Choi J, Min K, Mo YH, Han SB, Kim TH. Understanding the Effect of Triazole on Crosslinked PPO–SEBS-Based Anion Exchange Membranes for Water Electrolysis. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071736. [PMID: 37050350 PMCID: PMC10098533 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
For anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE), two types of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) containing crosslinked poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO) and poly(styrene ethylene butylene styrene) (SEBS) were prepared with and without triazole. The impact of triazole was carefully examined. In this work, the PPO was crosslinked with the non-aryl ether-type SEBS to take advantage of its enhanced chemical stability and phase separation under alkaline conditions. Compared to their triazole-free counterpart, the crosslinked membranes made with triazole had better hydroxide-ion conductivity because of the increased phase separation, which was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Moreover, they displayed improved mechanical and alkaline stability. Under water electrolysis (WE) conditions, a triazole-containing crosslinked PPO–SEBS membrane electrode assembly (MEA) was created using IrO2 as the anode and a Pt/C catalyst as the cathode. This MEA displayed a current density of 0.7 A/cm2 at 1.8 V, which was higher than that of the MEA created with the triazole-free counterpart. Our study indicated that the crosslinked PPO–SEBS membrane containing triazoles had improved chemo-physical and electrical capabilities for WE because of the strong hydrogen bonding between triazole and water/OH−.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyong Choi
- Organic Material Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Core Research Institute, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungwhan Min
- Organic Material Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Core Research Institute, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hwan Mo
- Boyaz Energy, 165 Gasandigital 2-ro, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08504, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Beom Han
- Boyaz Energy, 165 Gasandigital 2-ro, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08504, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Kim
- Organic Material Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Core Research Institute, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-8358232
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Zhou H, Ju P, Hu S, Shi L, Yuan W, Chen D, Wang Y, Shi S. Separation of Hydrochloric Acid and Oxalic Acid from Rare Earth Oxalic Acid Precipitation Mother Liquor by Electrodialysis. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:162. [PMID: 36837666 PMCID: PMC9964671 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the hydrochloric acid from rare earth oxalic acid precipitation mother liquor was separated by electrodialysis (ED) with different anion exchange membranes, including selective anion exchange membrane (SAEM), polymer alloy anion exchange membrane (PAAEM), and homogenous anion exchange membrane (HAEM). In addition to actual wastewater, nine types of simulated solutions with different concentrations of hydrochloric acid and oxalic acid were used in the experiments. The results indicated that the hydrochloric acid could be separated effectively by electrodialysis with SAEM from simulated and real rare earth oxalic acid precipitation mother liquor under the operating voltage 15 V and ampere 2.2 A, in which the hydrochloric acid obtained in the concentrate chamber of ED is of higher purity (>91.5%) generally. It was found that the separation effect of the two acids was related to the concentrations and molar ratios of hydrochloric acid and oxalic acid contained in their mixtures. The SEM images and ESD-mapping analyses indicated that membrane fouling appeared on the surface of ACS and CSE at the diluted side of the ED membrane stack when electrodialysis was used to treat the real rare earth oxalic acid precipitation mother liquor. Fe, Yb, Al, and Dy were found in the CSE membrane section, and organic compounds containing carbon and sulfur were attached to the surface of the ACS. The results also indicated that the real rare earth precipitation mother liquor needed to be pretreated before the separation of hydrochloric acid and oxalic acid by electrodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengcheng Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341119, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production of Rare Earths, Ganzhou 341119, China
| | - Peihai Ju
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341119, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production of Rare Earths, Ganzhou 341119, China
| | - Shaowei Hu
- Technology Center of Angang Steel Co., Ltd., Anshan 114009, China
| | - Lili Shi
- College of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341119, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production of Rare Earths, Ganzhou 341119, China
| | - Wenjing Yuan
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341119, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production of Rare Earths, Ganzhou 341119, China
| | - Dongdong Chen
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341119, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production of Rare Earths, Ganzhou 341119, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shaoyuan Shi
- College of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341119, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production of Rare Earths, Ganzhou 341119, China
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Khan MI, Shanableh A, Osman SM, Lashari MH, Manzoor S, Rehman AU, Luque R. Fabrication of trimethylphosphine-functionalized anion exchange membranes for desalination application via electrodialysis process. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136330. [PMID: 36087733 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The design of conductive, improved durable and selective anion exchange membranes (AEMs) for desalination application via electrodialysis (ED) process is critical for a more sustainable future. This work reports the design of a series of homogeneous trimethylphosphine (TMP)-functionalized anion exchange membranes (AEMs) for desalination application via electrodialysis (ED) process. Physico-chemical characterization and electrochemical performance of the trimethylphosphine-functionalized anion exchange membranes was conducted and the activity found to be tuned by varying the quantity of trimethylphosphine into the membrane architecture. For anion exchange membranes M1 to M4, the ion exchange capacity (IEC) was increased from 1.35 to 2.16 mmol/g, water uptake (WR) from 4.30 to 17.72%, linear expansion ratio (LER) from 3.70 to 12.50% with enhancing the quantity of trimethylphosphine into the polymer architecture. The ionic resistance decreased from 15.14 to 2.61 Ω cm2 with increasing quantities of trimethylphosphine whereas transport number increased from 0.98 to 0.99. The performance of synthesized trimethylphosphine-functionalized anion exchange membranes in desalination of NaCl was evaluated via electrodialysis process (flux of 3.42 mol/m2. h and current efficiency of 64.30%). Results showed that the prepared trimethylphosphine-functionalized membrane (optimum M4) possess improved desalination performance as compared to commercial membrane Neosepta AMX under identical experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Khan
- Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering (RISE), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Abdallah Shanableh
- Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering (RISE), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Sameh M Osman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Suryyia Manzoor
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Aziz Ur Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Marie Curie (C 3), Campus de Rabanales, Ctra Nnal IV-A, Km 396, E14014, Córdoba, Spain; Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho Maklaya Str., 117198, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Wang Y, Ren L, Wang J, Zhao J, Chen QB. In-situ growth of anionic covalent organic frameworks efficaciously enhanced the monovalent selectivity of anion exchange membranes. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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