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Garbuzova EV, Polonskaya YV, Kashtanova EV, Stakhneva EM, Shramko VS, Murashov IS, Kurguzov AV, Chernyavsky AM, Ragino YI. Biomolecules of Adipose Tissue in Atherosclerotic Plaques of Men With Coronary Atherosclerosis. KARDIOLOGIIA 2024; 64:39-47. [PMID: 39262352 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2024.8.n2634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
AIM To study metabolic molecules (adiponectin, adipsin, resistin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucagon, secretin) of adipose tissue in atherosclerotic plaques (AP) and their associations with AP instability in men with coronary atherosclerosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Metabolic molecules (adipocytokines and metabolic hormones) of adipose tissue can act as enzymes, hormones or growth factors in modulating insulin resistance and lipid and glucose metabolism and indirectly influence the course of the atherosclerotic process. This study included 48 men from whom 139 coronary artery (CA) samples were collected during coronary artery bypass grafting, after obtaining the informed consent. According to the histological conclusion, 84 (60.4%) CA plaques were stable, 44 (31.7%) were unstable, and 11 histological samples had a conditionally unchanged CA intima (7.9%). The concentrations of adiponectin, adipsin, resistin, GLP-1, glucagon, and secretin were measured in AP homogenates by multiplex analysis using the Human Metabolic Hormone V3 panel (MILLIPLEX, Germany). During the study, demographic and anthropometric characteristics, medical history, and presence of chronic diseases were recorded. RESULTS The glucagon concentration in the conditionally unchanged intima was 16.7% lower and in the fragments of unstable atherosclerotic plaques 41.2% lower than in fragments of stable APs. However, the glucagon concentration in stable APs was 28% higher than in unstable APs. The secretin concentration in the conditionally unchanged intima was also lower than in stable APs by 41.2%, while in stable APs, the secretin concentration was 20% higher than in unstable APs. The adiponectin concentrations were directly correlated with serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations (r=0.286; p=0.002), while the secretin concentrations were inversely correlated with serum HDL-C concentrations (r= -0.199; p=0.038). The probability of having an unstable AP (in relation to conditionally unchanged intima) increases by 35.8% with an increase in the AP glucagon concentration by 1 pg/mg protein. The probability of having a stable AP (in relation to unchanged intima) increases by 29.4% with an increase in the AP glucagon concentration by 1 pg/mg protein and by 10.1% with an increase in the AP secretin concentration by 1 pg/mg protein. CONCLUSION The AP adiponectin concentration directly correlates and the AP secretin concentration inversely correlates with the serum concentration of HDL-C. The presence of both stable and unstable APs is directly associated with the AP glucagon concentration in men with coronary atherosclerosis. The AP secretin concentration is directly associated with plaque stability in men with coronary atherosclerosis. Further thorough study of the identified markers in atherosclerotic lesions will allow using them as potential targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Garbuzova
- Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk
| | - Ya V Polonskaya
- Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk
| | - E V Kashtanova
- Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk
| | - E M Stakhneva
- Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk
| | - V S Shramko
- Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk
| | - I S Murashov
- Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Novosibirsk
| | - A V Kurguzov
- Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Novosibirsk
| | | | - Yu I Ragino
- Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk
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He E, Chang K, Dong L, Jia M, Sun W, Cui H. Identification and Validation of CXCL2 as a Key Gene for Childhood Obesity. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:2743-2765. [PMID: 38010448 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10566-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to identify the key genes and their regulatory networks by bioinformatics, increasing understanding of childhood obesity. The data comes from the GEO and Immport database. The immune microenvironment was explored in GSE104815. Key genes were identified by intersection of DEGs with the immune gene set. Enrichment analysis revealed gene-related functions and correlation analysis explored the relationship. Regulatory networks were constructed based on miRcode, TarBase and TargetScan databases. GSE29718 was used to validate our findings. Intercellular communication and cell differentiation trends were further explored using single-cell data from GSE153643. Based on our research, the immune microenvironment in the obese group showed higher immune infiltration. We found 962 DEGs and CXCL2 was identified as the key gene. The co-regulatory network of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA suggested that obtaining TM4SF19-AS1, GUSBP11, AC105020.1, LINC00189, COL4A2-AS2, VIPR1-AS1 and LINC00242 may regulate CXCL2 (r > 0.9 and P < 0.01). Differential expression of CXCL2 was validated in GSE29718 (P < 0.05) and CXCL2 was identified as a biomarker for childhood obesity (AUC = 0.885). GSVA enrichment analysis revealed many pathways of high group obtaining the TNF-α signaling via NF-κB pathway and interferon γ response pathway. In GSE153643, 11 cell types were identified and CXCL2 was highly expressed in monocyte, macrophage, endothelial cell and pericyte. In CXCL2 high expressing macrophages, there was a tendency for cells to polarize toward M1 macrophages (P < 0.05). In summary, we identified CXCL2 as a potential biomarker of childhood obesity. The development of childhood obesity may be associated with the activation of immune infiltration of macrophage M1 polarization by CXCL2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyang He
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Liang Dong
- Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Miao Jia
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Hualei Cui
- Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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Pasupuleti SK, Kapur R. The impact of obesity-induced inflammation on clonal hematopoiesis. Curr Opin Hematol 2024; 31:193-198. [PMID: 38640133 PMCID: PMC11197996 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review meticulously delves into existing literature and recent findings to elucidate the intricate link between obesity and clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) associated clonal hematopoiesis. It aims to enhance our comprehension of this multifaceted association, offering insights into potential avenues for future research and therapeutic interventions. RECENT FINDINGS Recent insights reveal that mutations in CHIP-associated genes are not limited to symptomatic patients but are also present in asymptomatic individuals. This section focuses on the impact of obesity-induced inflammation and fatty bone marrow (FBM) on the development of CHIP-associated diseases. Common comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, and infection, fostering pro-inflammatory environments, play a pivotal role in the acceleration of these pathologies. Our research underscores a notable association between CHIP and an increased waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), emphasizing the link between obesity and myeloid leukemia. Recent studies highlight a strong correlation between obesity and myeloid leukemias in both children and adults, with increased risks and poorer survival outcomes in overweight individuals. SUMMARY We discuss recent insights into how CHIP-associated pathologies respond to obesity-induced inflammation, offering implications for future studies in the intricate field of clonal hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reuben Kapur
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Takahashi H, Morikawa M, Ozaki E, Numasaki M, Morimoto H, Tanaka M, Inoue H, Goto T, Kawada T, Eguchi F, Uehara M, Takahashi N. A modified system using macrophage-conditioned medium revealed that the indirect effects of anti-inflammatory food-derived compounds improve inflammation-induced suppression of UCP-1 mRNA expression in 10T1/2 adipocytes. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:679-688. [PMID: 38499443 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbae033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Recently, it has been suggested that brown and beige adipocytes may ameliorate obesity because these adipocytes express uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1), which generates heat by consuming lipid. However, obesity-induced inflammation suppresses the expression of UCP-1. To improve such conditions, food components with anti-inflammatory properties are attracting attention. In this study, we developed a modified system to evaluate only the indirect effects of anti-inflammatory food-derived compounds by optimizing the conventional experimental system using conditioned medium. We validated this new system using 6-shogaol and 6-gingerol, which have been reported to show the anti-inflammatory effects and to increase the basal expression of UCP-1 mRNA. In addition, we found that the acetone extract of Sarcodon aspratus, an edible mushroom, showed anti-inflammatory effects and rescued the inflammation-induced suppression of UCP-1 mRNA expression. These findings indicate that the system with conditioned medium is valuable for evaluation of food-derived compounds with anti-inflammatory effects on the inflammation-induced thermogenic adipocyte dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Takahashi
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miori Morikawa
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emi Ozaki
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minami Numasaki
- Department of Forest Science, Faculty of Regional Environment Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromu Morimoto
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miori Tanaka
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Inoue
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Goto
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Teruo Kawada
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumio Eguchi
- Department of Forest Science, Faculty of Regional Environment Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Uehara
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takahashi
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
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Wang J, Liu S, Sun L, Kong Z, Chai J, Wen J, Tian X, Chen N, Xu C. Association of attenuated leptin signaling pathways with impaired cardiac function under prolonged high-altitude hypoxia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10206. [PMID: 38702334 PMCID: PMC11068766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59559-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular function and adipose metabolism were markedly influenced under high altitudes. However, the interplay between adipokines and heart under hypoxia remains to be elucidated. We aim to explore alterations of adipokines and underlying mechanisms in regulating cardiac function under high altitudes. We investigated the cardiopulmonary function and five adipokines in Antarctic expeditioners at Kunlun Station (4,087 m) for 20 days and established rats exposed to hypobaric hypoxia (5,000 m), simulating Kunlun Station. Antarctic expeditioners exhibited elevated heart rate, blood pressure, systemic vascular resistance, and decreased cardiac pumping function. Plasma creatine phosphokinase-MB (CK-MB) and platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (sPecam-1) increased, and leptin, resistin, and lipocalin-2 decreased. Plasma leptin significantly correlated with altered cardiac function indicators. Additionally, hypoxic rats manifested impaired left ventricular systolic and diastolic function, elevated plasma CK-MB and sPecam-1, and decreased plasma leptin. Chronic hypoxia for 14 days led to increased myocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction, coupled with reduced protein levels of leptin signaling pathways in myocardial tissues. Cardiac transcriptome analysis revealed leptin was associated with downregulated genes involved in rhythm, Na+/K+ transport, and cell skeleton. In conclusion, chronic hypoxia significantly reduced leptin signaling pathways in cardiac tissues along with significant pathological changes, thus highlighting the pivotal role of leptin in regulation of cardiac function under high altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Shiying Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Lihong Sun
- Center for Experimental Animal Research, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Zhanping Kong
- Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, 810000, Qinghai, China
| | - Jiamin Chai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jigang Wen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xuan Tian
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Chengli Xu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
- Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China.
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Sun JY, Su Z, Yang J, Sun W, Kong X. The potential mechanisms underlying the modulating effect of perirenal adipose tissue on hypertension: Physical compression, paracrine, and neurogenic regulation. Life Sci 2024; 342:122511. [PMID: 38387699 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension, a prevalent global cardiovascular disease, affects approximately 45.4 % of adults worldwide. Despite advances in therapy, hypertension continues to pose a significant health risk due to inadequate management. It has been established that excessive adiposity contributes majorly to hypertension, accounting for 65 to 75 % of primary cases. Fat depots can be categorised into subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue based on anatomical and physiological characteristics. The metabolic impact and the risk of hypertension are determined more significantly by visceral fat. Perirenal adipose tissue (PRAT), a viscera enveloping the kidney, is known for its superior vascularisation and abundant innervation. Although traditionally deemed as a mechanical support tissue, recent studies have indicated its contributing potential to hypertension. Hypertensive patients tend to have increased PRAT thickness compared to those without, and there is a positive correlation between PRAT thickness and elevated systolic blood pressure. This review encapsulates the anatomical characteristics and biogenesis of PRAT. We provide an overview of the potential mechanisms where PRAT may modulate blood pressure, including physical compression, paracrine effects, and neurogenic regulation. PRAT has become a promising target for hypertension management, and continuous effort is required to further explore the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yu Sun
- Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Zhenyang Su
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 21000, China
| | - Jiaming Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China.
| | - Xiangqing Kong
- Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China.
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7
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Székely A, Pállinger É, Töreki E, Ifju M, Barta BA, Szécsi B, Losoncz E, Dohy Z, Barabás IJ, Kosztin A, Buzas EI, Radovits T, Merkely B. Recipient Pericardial Apolipoprotein Levels Might Be an Indicator of Worse Outcomes after Orthotopic Heart Transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1752. [PMID: 38339027 PMCID: PMC10855207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND End-stage heart failure (ESHF) leads to hypoperfusion and edema formation throughout the body and is accompanied by neurohormonal and immunological alterations. Orthotopic heart transplantation (HTX) has been used as a beneficial option for ESHF. Due to the shortage of donor hearts, the ideal matching and timing of donors and recipients has become more important. PURPOSE In this study, our aim was to explore the relationship between the clinical outcomes of HTX and the cytokine and apolipoprotein profiles of the recipient pericardial fluid obtained at heart transplantation after opening the pericardial sac. MATERIALS AND METHODS The clinical data and the interleukin, adipokine, and lipoprotein levels in the pericardial fluid of twenty HTX recipients were investigated. Outcome variables included primer graft dysfunction (PGD), the need for post-transplantation mechanical cardiac support (MCS), International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation grade ≥2R rejection, and mortality. Recipient risk scores were also investigated. RESULTS Leptin levels were significantly lower in patients with PGD than in those without PGD (median: 6.36 (IQR: 5.55-6.62) versus 7.54 (IQR = 6.71-10.44); p = 0.029). Higher ApoCII levels (median: 14.91 (IQR: 11.55-21.30) versus 10.31 (IQR = 10.02-13.07); p = 0.042) and ApoCIII levels (median: 60.32 (IQR: 43.00-81.66) versus 22.84 (IQR = 15.84-33.39); p = 0.005) were found in patients (n = 5) who died in the first 5 years after HTX. In patients who exhibited rejection (n = 4) in the first month after transplantation, the levels of adiponectin (median: 74.48 (IQR: 35.51-131.70) versus 29.96 (IQR: 19.86-42.28); p = 0.039), ApoCII (median: 20.11 (IQR: 13.06-23.54) versus 10.32 (IQR: 10.02-12.84); p = 0.007), and ApoCIII (median: 70.97 (IQR: 34.72-82.22) versus 26.33 (IQR: 17.18-40.17); p = 0.029) were higher than in the nonrejection group. Moreover, the pericardial thyroxine (T4) levels (median: 3.96 (IQR: 3.49-4.46) versus 4.69 (IQR: 4.23-5.77); p = 0.022) were lower in patients with rejection than in patients who did not develop rejection. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that apolipoproteins can facilitate the monitoring of rejection and could be a useful tool in the forecasting of early and late complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Székely
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Pállinger
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (É.P.)
| | - Evelin Töreki
- Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mandula Ifju
- Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Balázs Szécsi
- Doctoral School of Theoretical and Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (B.S.)
| | - Eszter Losoncz
- Doctoral School of Theoretical and Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (B.S.)
| | - Zsófia Dohy
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Imre János Barabás
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Annamária Kosztin
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit I. Buzas
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (É.P.)
- HCEMM-SU Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- HUN-REN-SU Translational Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Radovits
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
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Pidruchna S, Shmanko V, Hnizdyukh R, Sverstiuk A, Lykhatskyy P, Kuzmak I, Yaroshenko T, Bandas I, Vasylyshyn N, Ostrivka O, Mudra A, Palytsia L, Letnyak N, Tokarskyy O. Statistically verified methods for determining predictors of development of arterial hypertension depending on endothelial nitric oxide synthase T786C gene promoter polymorphism using lipid profile indicators. Endocr Regul 2024; 58:138-143. [PMID: 38861536 DOI: 10.2478/enr-2024-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective. Polymorphism investigation of T786C gene promoter of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS/NOS3) in the arterial hypertension is a promising field for determining the relationship between heredity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, which still remains controversial. The purpose of the study was to investigate the lipid profile, which depends on the NOS3 T786C gene promotor region polymorphism in patients with arterial hypertension. Methods. The study involved 86 patients with arterial hypertension. The control group consisted of 30 basically healthy individuals. The lipid profile in the blood serum of the studied patients was measured by commercially available kits using Biochem FC-200 analyzer (HTI, USA). The allelic polymorphism of NOS3 T786C gene promoter was studied using a polymerase chain reaction technique with electrophoretic detection of the results. Results. An increase at the level of all atherogenic fractions in the blood was found in the group of patients carrying the CC genotype compared with carriers of the TT genotype of the NOS3 gene. The total cholesterol serum level in the group of carriers of the CC genotype of NOS3 T786C gene promoter increased by 33.3% compared with carriers of the TT genotype and it was almost twice as high as the control values. In the group of carriers in the CC genotype of the NOS3 gene, the serum level of triglycerides was statistically significantly higher (2.9 times) than in the group of carriers of the TT genotype. The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) serum levels significantly increased in patients with arterial hypertension with the CC genotype by 1.6 and 4.6 times, respectively, compared with the TT genotype carriers. The high-density lipoprotein (HDL) serum level, as an antiatherogenic factor, was statistically significantly lower (by 45.8%) in the group of the CC genotype carriers of the NOS3 gene than in the group with carriers of the TT genotype (0.58±0.06 vs. 1.07±0.03 mmol/l.) Conclusions. The increase in all atherogenic and decrease in antiatherogenic lipid parameters of the lipidogram of patients with arterial hypertension and the deepening of dyslipidemia in carriers of the CC genotype compared with carriers of the TT genotype of the NOS3 T786C gene promoter is crucial in the development of dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrii Sverstiuk
- 3Department of Medical Informatics, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine Ternopil, Ukraine
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Komic L, Kumric M, Urlic H, Rizikalo A, Grahovac M, Kelam J, Tomicic M, Rusic D, Ticinovic Kurir T, Bozic J. Obesity and Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential: Allies in Cardiovascular Diseases and Malignancies. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1365. [PMID: 37374147 PMCID: PMC10304718 DOI: 10.3390/life13061365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is a term used to describe individuals who have detectable somatic mutations in genes commonly found in individuals with hematologic cancers but without any apparent evidence of such conditions. The mortality rate in individuals with CHIP is remarkably higher than the influence ascribed to hematologic malignancies, and it is plausible that cardiovascular diseases (CVD) could elucidate the apparent disparity. Studies have shown that the most frequently altered genes in CHIP are associated with the increased incidence of CVDs, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and myeloid malignancies, as well as obesity. Additionally, multiple research studies have confirmed that obesity is also independently associated with these conditions, particularly the development and progression of atherosclerotic CVD. Considering the shared pathogenetic mechanisms of obesity and CHIP, our objective in this review was to investigate both preclinical and clinical evidence regarding the correlation between obesity and CHIP and the resulting implications of this interaction on the pathophysiology of CVDs and malignancies. The pro-inflammatory condition induced by obesity and CHIP enhances the probability of developing both diseases and increases the likelihood of developing CVDs, T2DM and malignancies, suggesting that a dangerous vicious loop may exist. However, it is vital to conduct additional research that will suggest targeted treatment options for obese individuals with CHIP in order to reduce harmful effects connected to these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Komic
- Department of Family Medicine, Split-Dalmatia County Health Center, 21000 Split, Croatia; (L.K.); (J.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Marko Kumric
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.K.); (H.U.); (T.T.K.)
- Laboratory for Cardiometabolic Research, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Urlic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.K.); (H.U.); (T.T.K.)
| | - Azer Rizikalo
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Marko Grahovac
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Jelena Kelam
- Department of Family Medicine, Split-Dalmatia County Health Center, 21000 Split, Croatia; (L.K.); (J.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Marion Tomicic
- Department of Family Medicine, Split-Dalmatia County Health Center, 21000 Split, Croatia; (L.K.); (J.K.); (M.T.)
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Doris Rusic
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Tina Ticinovic Kurir
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.K.); (H.U.); (T.T.K.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Josko Bozic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.K.); (H.U.); (T.T.K.)
- Laboratory for Cardiometabolic Research, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
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Velliou M, Polyzogopoulou E, Ventoulis I, Parissis J. Clinical pharmacology of SGLT-2 inhibitors in heart failure. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2023; 16:149-160. [PMID: 36701817 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2023.2173574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors constitute a class of oral antiglycemic agents that have emerged as a new therapeutic strategy for heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and, potentially, for HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). AREAS COVERED Ongoing efforts to clarify the exact mechanisms of action of SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) reveal that glycosuria and osmotic diuresis, resulting from the blockade of renal receptors, is not the sole pathophysiological mechanism. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms, accounting for their cardiovascular beneficial effects which have been clearly demonstrated in clinical trials, remain unclear. The aim of this review is to summarize the primary outcomes of large-scale studies regarding the use of SGLT2i in HF and provide an overview of the potential pathways involved in the SGLT2i-mediated cardioprotection. EXPERT OPINION SGLT2i exhibit favorable pleiotropic effects, which extend beyond their primary indication as pharmaceutical agents intended for glycemic control. Given their unique pathophysiological profile, these agents have revolutionized the management of HF, while in the near future, it is possible that evolving research in the field may unfold further perspectives on their potential use in the treatment of other chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Velliou
- Emergency Medicine Department, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Ioannis Ventoulis
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Western Macedonia, Ptolemaida, Greece
| | - John Parissis
- Emergency Medicine Department, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Heart Failure Clinic, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
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11
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Sahu B, Bal NC. Adipokines from white adipose tissue in regulation of whole body energy homeostasis. Biochimie 2023; 204:92-107. [PMID: 36084909 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diseases originating from altered energy homeostasis including obesity, and type 2 diabetes are rapidly increasing worldwide. Research in the last few decades on animal models and humans demonstrates that the white adipose tissue (WAT) is critical for energy balance and more than just an energy storage site. WAT orchestrates the whole-body metabolism through inter-organ crosstalk primarily mediated by cytokines named "Adipokines". The adipokines influence metabolism and fuel selection of the skeletal muscle and liver thereby fine-tuning the load on WAT itself in physiological conditions like starvation, exercise and cold. In addition, adipokine secretion is influenced by various pathological conditions like obesity, inflammation and diabetes. In this review, we have surveyed the current state of knowledge on important adipokines and their significance in regulating energy balance and metabolic diseases. Furthermore, we have summarized the interplay of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory adipokines in the modulation of pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijayashree Sahu
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
| | - Naresh C Bal
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
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12
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Shramko VS, Stryukova EV, Kashtanova EV, Polonskaya YV, Stakhneva EM, Chernyavsky AM, Ragino YI. Adipokines and adipocytokines in men with coronary atherosclerosis and overweight. KARDIOLOGIIA 2022; 62:49-55. [DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2022.11.n2237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aim To study concentrations of adipokines and their associations with proinflammatory cytokines in overweight men with coronary atherosclerosis. Material and methods This study included 79 men aged 45–60 years with atherosclerosis who had undergone coronary endarterectomy during a coronary bypass surgery, and were overweight (body weight index (BWI), 25.0–29.9 kg /m2). Based on a histological analysis of plaques, the patients were divided into two subgroups: 43 men with stable atherosclerotic plaques and 36 men with unstable plaques in coronary arteries. The control group consisted of 40 age- and BWI-matched men without clinical manifestations of IHD. Blood concentrations of adipokines, including adiponectin, adipsin, lipocalin-2, resistin, and plasminogen 1 activator inhibitor were measured by a multiplex analysis with a MILLIPLEX MAP Human Adipokine Panel 1. Concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF- α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured by enzyme immunoassay. Results The blood concentration of lipocalin -2 was higher in patients with coronary atherosclerosis and stable or unstable atherosclerotic plaques than in the control group (p<0.01). Both subgroups of men with coronary atherosclerosis were characterized by significant differences from the control group in concentrations of TNF-α (p<0.05), CRP, and IL-6 (p<0.01). The most significant direct correlations were found between adipokines and TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP (p<0.01). Results of a logistic regression analysis showed that relative odds for the presence of significant coronary stenoses increased with increasing blood concentrations of lipocalin-2 (OR=1.005, 95 % CI: 1.002–1.008, р=0.011) and IL-6 (OR=1.582 , 95 % CI: 1.241–2.017, р=0.001).Conclusion The changes in blood concentrations of adipokines associated with higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines may represent a factor that increases the probability of clinically significant coronary stenosis in overweight men with coronary atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. S. Shramko
- Research Institute of Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Affiliation of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics
| | - E. V. Stryukova
- Research Institute of Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Affiliation of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics
| | - E. V. Kashtanova
- Research Institute of Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Affiliation of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics
| | - Ya. V. Polonskaya
- Research Institute of Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Affiliation of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics
| | - E. M. Stakhneva
- Research Institute of Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Affiliation of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics
| | | | - Yu. I. Ragino
- Research Institute of Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Affiliation of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics
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Vachher M, Bansal S, Kumar B, Yadav S, Arora T, Wali NM, Burman A. Contribution of organokines in the development of NAFLD/NASH associated hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:1553-1584. [PMID: 35818831 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Globally the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is on an upsurge. Evidence is accumulating that liver disorders like nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its more progressive form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are associated with increased risk of developing HCC. NAFLD has a prevalence of about 25% and 50%-90% in obese population. With the growing burden of obesity epidemic worldwide, HCC presents a major healthcare burden. While cirrhosis is one of the major risk factors of HCC, available literature suggests that NAFLD/NASH associated HCC also develops in minimum or noncirrhotic livers. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the pathogenesis and risk factors associated with NAFLD and NASH related HCC that would help in early diagnosis and favorable prognosis of HCC secondary to NAFLD. Adipokines, hepatokines and myokines are factors secreted by adipocytes, hepatocytes and myocytes, respectively, playing essential roles in cellular homeostasis, energy balance and metabolism with autocrine, paracrine and endocrine effects. In this review, we endeavor to focus on the role of these organokines in the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH and its progression to HCC to augment the understanding of the factors stimulating hepatocytes to acquire a malignant phenotype. This shall aid in the development of novel therapeutic strategies and tools for early diagnosis of NAFLD/NASH and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Vachher
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Savita Bansal
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Bhupender Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Taruna Arora
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Nalini Moza Wali
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Archana Burman
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Kollari E, Zografou I, Sampanis C, Athyros VG, Didangelos T, Mantzoros CS, Karagiannis A. Serum adipokine levels in patients with type 1 diabetes are associated with degree of obesity but only resistin is independently associated with atherosclerosis markers. Hormones (Athens) 2022; 21:91-101. [PMID: 34716910 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-021-00328-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The role of adipokines in causing inflammation and insulin resistance in normal weight and obese patients is generally well studied. However, there are often conflicting results regarding their levels in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients and their relationship to micro- and macrovascular disease. We therefore investigated which serum adipokine levels are independently associated with markers of early atherosclerosis and microvascular complications in patients with T1DM. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed in the Diabetes Outpatient Clinic of Hippokrateion General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. Sixty T1DM patients (30 females, mean age 38.8 ± 10.6 years, mean diabetes duration 17.4 ± 9.9 years) were included. Plasma adiponectin, leptin, and resistin, carotid artery intima media thickness (cIMT), and arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity, PWV/SpygmoCor CP System and Mobil-O-Graph 24 h PWA) were assessed. RESULTS Leptin and resistin levels were significantly higher in overweight and obese patients (p = 0.002 and p = 0.039, respectively). Adiponectin was the only adipokine negatively correlated with BMI (rs = - 0.41, p = 0.001). We report a bivariate association between serum adiponectin levels and retinopathy (p = 0.007). Resistin was the only adipokine that showed significant correlation with systolic (rs = 0.42, p = 0.001) and diastolic (rs = 0.29, p = 0.024) hypertension and PWV (p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS Serum adipokine levels demonstrate similar bivariate associations with anthropometric variables in patients with T1DM to those in normal weight subjects. Although microvascular complications are associated with serum adipokine levels by bivariate analysis, only resistin, an inflammatory marker, is independently associated with arterial stiffness in patients with T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erieta Kollari
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University, Konstantinoupoleos 49, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Ioanna Zografou
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University, Konstantinoupoleos 49, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos Sampanis
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University, Konstantinoupoleos 49, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasilios G Athyros
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University, Konstantinoupoleos 49, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Asterios Karagiannis
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University, Konstantinoupoleos 49, Thessaloniki, Greece
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AGBAJE ANDREWO, BARKER ALANR, TUOMAINEN TOMIPEKKA. Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Fat Mass, and Cardiometabolic Health with Endothelial Function, Arterial Elasticity, and Stiffness. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:141-152. [PMID: 34334718 PMCID: PMC8677603 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine whether estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), and adiponectin bidirectionally associate with arterial function and structure and if CRF mediates the relationship between cardiometabolic health and arterial outcomes in 9- to 11-yr-old children drawn from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children birth cohort, United Kingdom. METHODS Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), distensibility coefficient (DC), and carotid-radial pulse wave velocity (PWV) were measured by ultrasonography; CRF was measured during the submaximal ergometer test; total FM, trunk FM, and LM were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; plasma adiponectin was measured by enzyme assay; and cardiometabolic health was computed based on the International Diabetes Federation criteria for diagnosing metabolic syndrome. We tested bidirectionality by including CRF, FM, LM, and adiponectin as exposures and FMD, DC, and PWV as outcomes, alternatively. RESULTS Among 5566 participants (2816 (51%) girls; median age, 9.75 yr), CRF per body mass0.21 was directly related to DC (β (95% confidence interval) = 0.004 (<0.0001 to 0.008); P = 0.046), whereas CRF per LM0.54 was inversely associated with PWV (-0.034 (-0.063 to -0.003); 0.032) after adjusting for covariates. These associations remained in bidirectional analyses. Total FM, trunk FM, and LM were bidirectionally and positively associated with FMD and DC. Total FM and trunk FM but not LM had bidirectional and inverse associations with PWV. Adiponectin was not related to FMD, DC, or PWV. CRF partially mediated the associations of cardiometabolic health with FMD (1.5% mediation), DC (12.1% mediation), and PWV (3.5% mediation). CONCLUSIONS Associations of poor cardiometabolic health with adverse arterial structure and function in childhood may be mitigated by increasing CRF. Higher CRF was associated with better arterial structure whereas higher total FM and trunk FM were associated with better arterial function and structure. In the reverse analysis, healthy arterial structure and function were independently associated with increased total FM and trunk FM, suggesting an "arterial paradox."
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Affiliation(s)
- ANDREW O. AGBAJE
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, FINLAND
| | - ALAN R. BARKER
- Children’s Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - TOMI-PEKKA TUOMAINEN
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, FINLAND
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Rafaqat S, Rafaqat S, Rafaqat S. Pathophysiological role of major adipokines in Atrial Fibrillation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARRHYTHMIA 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s42444-021-00048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The adipokines, secreted from adipose tissue or body fats, are also called adipocytokines which are cytokines, cell signaling proteins or cell–cell communication. However, AF is a common cardiac arrhythmia in which the heart beats so fast by abnormal beating and is a serious public health disease associated with increased heart failure, systemic thromboembolism, and death. Adipokines are cardiovascular disease (CVD) mediators or biomarkers that affect the heart as well as blood vessels, by increasing the cardiac contractility and action potential duration, which result in the extent of left ventricular and atrial remodeling.
Main body
Google Scholar, PubMed, and science direct were used to review the literature. Many keywords were used for searching the literature such as Adipokines, Leptin, Apelin, Adiponectin, Omentin-1, Chemerin, CTRP3, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and AF. According to the literature, much more data are available for numerous adipokines, but this review article only has taken few major adipokines which played their major role in Atrial Fibrillation. The review article did not limit the time frame.
Conclusion
In conclusion, adipokines play a significant role in the development and progress of atrial fibrillation. Also, there are major adipokines such as adiponectin, apelin, C1q/TNF-Related Protein 3 (CTRP3), Chemerin, Omentin-1, interleukin-6, Leptin, TNF-α, resistin, and interleukin-10, which played their pathophysiological role in atrial fibrillation by causing cardiac hypertrophy, increasing the cardiac contractility and action potential duration, atrial fibrosis, electrical and structural remodeling of atrial tissue.
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Plasma Levels of Apelinergic System Components in Patients with Chronic and Acute Coronary Syndromes-A Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10194420. [PMID: 34640437 PMCID: PMC8509670 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of the apelinergic system components apelin (AP) and elabela (ELA) in the regulation of human cardiovascular homeostasis, and data concerning the relationship between ELA and AP and coronary artery disease (CAD) are yet unknown. The aim of the study was the evaluation of AP, ELA and APJ-receptor levels in the plasma of patients with chronic coronary syndromes (CCS) and acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The study group consisted of 114 patients with CAD and 33 healthy controls. Patients were divided into two groups: with CCS (n = 30) and ACS (n = 84). Routine laboratory tests and plasma ELA, AP-17, AP-13 and APJ receptor levels were measured. Echocardiographic data were analyzed in all patients. Levels of AP-17 and ELA were significantly lower in CCS than in healthy controls and ACS patients. We demonstrated significant increase of levels of plasma apelinergic system peptides, especially ELA and AP-17 in ACS patients compared with healthy controls and CCS, suggestive of compensating up-regulation mechanisms. There is a relationship between circulating ELA and AP-17 levels and classical, biochemical markers of ischemia and left ventricular ejection faction as well.
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Biomediators in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Cardiovascular Risk. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091350. [PMID: 34572562 PMCID: PMC8467803 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is extremely heterogeneous in terms of clinical manifestations. The variability of the syndrome's phenotype is derived from the genetic and molecular heterogeneity, with a great deal of environmental factors that may have long-term health consequences, such as metabolic and cardiovascular (CV) diseases. There is no doubt that women with PCOS suffer from metabolic complications more than their age-matched counterparts in the general population and at an earlier age. Obesity, low steroid hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), hyperandrogenemia, insulin resistance, and compensatory hyperinsulinemia are biomediators and early predictors of metabolic complications in PCOS. Doubts remain about the real risk of CV diseases in PCOS and the molecular mechanisms at the basis of CV complications. Based on that assumption, this review will present the available evidence on the potential implications of some biomediators, in particular, hyperandrogenism, estrogen-progesterone imbalance, insulin resistance, and low SHBG, in the processes leading to CV disease in PCOS, with the final aim to propose a more accurate CV risk assessment.
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Li X, Ma Z, Zhu YZ. Regional Heterogeneity of Perivascular Adipose Tissue: Morphology, Origin, and Secretome. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:697720. [PMID: 34239444 PMCID: PMC8259882 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.697720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a unique fat depot with local and systemic impacts. PVATs are anatomically, developmentally, and functionally different from classical adipose tissues and they are also different from each other. PVAT adipocytes originate from different progenitors and precursors. They can produce and secrete a wide range of autocrine and paracrine factors, many of which are vasoactive modulators. In the context of obesity-associated low-grade inflammation, these phenotypic and functional differences become more evident. In this review, we focus on the recent findings of PVAT’s heterogeneity by comparing commonly studied adipose tissues around the thoracic aorta (tPVAT), abdominal aorta (aPVAT), and mesenteric artery (mPVAT). Distinct origins and developmental trajectory of PVAT adipocyte potentially contribute to regional heterogeneity. Regional differences also exist in ways how PVAT communicates with its neighboring vasculature by producing specific adipokines, vascular tone regulators, and extracellular vesicles in a given microenvironment. These insights may inspire new therapeutic strategies targeting the PVAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhi Li
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Zhongyuan Ma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Jinan University Medical School, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhun Zhu
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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Kim JH, Han JM, Kim H, Lee KB, Chung W, Kim YS, Park SK, Chae DW, Ahn C, Oh KH, Hyun YY. Low serum adiponectin level is associated with better physical health-related quality of life in chronic kidney disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10928. [PMID: 34035377 PMCID: PMC8149720 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90339-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperadiponectemia is paradoxically associated with renal disease progression and mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Its association with health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) is unknown. This study aimed to verify the association between adiponectin and HR-QOL in Korean pre-dialysis CKD cohort. This cross-sectional study analyzed 1551 pre-dialysis CKD patients from KNOW-CKD (KoreaN Cohort Study for Outcome in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease). Participants were categorized into three tertiles (T1–T3) according to adiponectin levels. HR-QOL was assessed using SF-36. High physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) were defined as highest quartile of each score. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for high PCS and MCS. Prevalence of high PCS were 33.3%, 27.5%, and 17.0% and that of high MCS were 31.7%, 24.8%, and 21.3% for T1, T2, and T3 (both p for trend < 0.001). The adjusted OR [95% CI] of T1 and T2 in reference to T3 were 1.56 [1.09–2.23] and 1.19 [0.85–1.68] for high PCS and 1.19 [0.85–1.68] and 0.94 [0.68–1.29] for high MCS. Serum adiponectin level was inversely associated with physical HR-QOL in Korean pre-dialysis CKD patients. This relationship was independent of various cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Han
- Jung Jaemyun Internal Medicine Clinic, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Beck Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Wookyung Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sue K Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wan Chae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Curie Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kook-Hwan Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Youl Hyun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03181, Republic of Korea.
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Jadhav RA, Maiya GA, Hombali A, Umakanth S, Shivashankar KN. Effect of physical activity promotion on adiponectin, leptin and other inflammatory markers in prediabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Acta Diabetol 2021; 58:419-429. [PMID: 33211181 PMCID: PMC8053655 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-020-01626-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Inflammatory stage in prediabetes is associated with increase in level of adipokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Physical activity promotion considered as a first-line therapeutic strategy to treat prediabetes. We have conducted the systematic review and meta-analysis to strengthen the evidence on the impact of physical activity promotion on inflammatory markers in prediabetes. METHODS Studies were identified using electronic search and manual search techniques by choosing keywords for prediabetes, physical activity and inflammatory marker. Randomized controlled trials on individuals diagnosed with prediabetes and provided intervention in the form of physical activity were included in this review. Adiponectin, leptin, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α were the considered outcome measures. RESULTS Our search retrieved 1,688 citations, 31 full-text articles assessed for eligibility of inclusion. Nine studies satisfied the pre-specified criteria for inclusion. Meta-analysis found that physical activity with or without dietary or lifestyle modification reduces level of leptin (MD-2.11 ng/mL, 95% CI -3.81 - -0.42) and interleukin-6 (MD -0.15 pg/mL, 95% CI -0.25--0.04). It has no effect on level of adiponectin (MD 0.26 µg/mL, 95% CI -0.42- 0.93), C-reactive protein (MD -0.05 mg/L, 95% CI -0.33-0.23) and tumour necrosis factor-α (MD 0.67 pg/mL, 95% CI -2.56-3.89). CONCLUSIONS This review suggests that physical activity promotion with dietary and lifestyle modification may reduce the level of leptin and interleukin-6 but are uncertain if there is any effect on levels of adiponectin, C-reactive protein and tumour necrosis factor-α in the individuals with prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Aditya Jadhav
- Department of Physiotherapy, Centre for Diabetic Foot Care and Research, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - G Arun Maiya
- Department of Physiotherapy, Centre for Diabetic Foot Care and Research, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
| | - Aditi Hombali
- Independent Systematic Reviewer, Luton, Bedfordshire, UK
| | - Shashikiran Umakanth
- Department of Medicine, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - K N Shivashankar
- Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
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Huang YC, Huang JC, Lin CI, Chien HH, Lin YY, Wang CL, Liang FW, Dai CY, Chuang HY. Comparison of Innovative and Traditional Cardiometabolic Indices in Estimating Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Adults. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11040603. [PMID: 33800660 PMCID: PMC8067018 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11040603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the performance of innovative and traditional cardiometabolic indices, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI), visceral adiposity index, lipid accumulation product, a body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index, conicity index (CI), triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, TyG-BMI, and TyG-WC, in estimating atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk in 3143 Taiwanese adults aged 20–79 years. Elevated 10-year ASCVD risk was defined as ≥7.5% using the Pooled Cohort Equations. The performance of different indices in estimating elevated ASCVD risk was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. In multivariate-adjusted logistic regression analyses, all cardiometabolic indices (p-value < 0.001) were significantly associated with elevated ASCVD risk in both genders, except for ABSI and CI in women. In particular, CVAI had the largest area under the curve (AUC) in men (0.721) and women (0.883) in the ROC analyses. BMI had the lowest AUC in men (0.617), while ABSI had the lowest AUC in women (0.613). The optimal cut-off value for CVAI was 83.7 in men and 70.8 in women. CVAI performed best among various cardiometabolic indices in estimating elevated ASCVD risk. CVAI may be a reliable index for identifying people at increased risk of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chin Huang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (C.-I.L.); (H.-H.C.)
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-Y.L.); (C.-L.W.); (H.-Y.C.)
- Master Program of Public Health, Department of Public Health, College of Heath Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Chi Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan;
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chia-I Lin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (C.-I.L.); (H.-H.C.)
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-Y.L.); (C.-L.W.); (H.-Y.C.)
| | - Hsu-Han Chien
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (C.-I.L.); (H.-H.C.)
| | - Yu-Yin Lin
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-Y.L.); (C.-L.W.); (H.-Y.C.)
| | - Chao-Ling Wang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-Y.L.); (C.-L.W.); (H.-Y.C.)
| | - Fu-Wen Liang
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (F.-W.L.); (C.-Y.D.)
| | - Chia-Yen Dai
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (F.-W.L.); (C.-Y.D.)
| | - Hung-Yi Chuang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-Y.L.); (C.-L.W.); (H.-Y.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Fu X, Zong T, Yang P, Li L, Wang S, Wang Z, Li M, Li X, Zou Y, Zhang Y, Htet Aung LH, Yang Y, Yu T. Nicotine: Regulatory roles and mechanisms in atherosclerosis progression. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 151:112154. [PMID: 33774093 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. The smoke produced by tobacco burning contains more than 7000 chemicals, among which nicotine is closely related to the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. Nicotine, a selective cholinergic agonist, accelerates the formation of atherosclerosis by stimulating nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) located in neuronal and non-neuronal tissues. This review introduces the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and the mechanisms involving nicotine and its receptors. Herein, we focus on the various roles of nicotine in atherosclerosis, such as upregulation of growth factors, inflammation, and the dysfunction of endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) as well as macrophages. In addition, nicotine can stimulate the generation of reactive oxygen species, cause abnormal lipid metabolism, and activate immune cells leading to the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. Exosomes, are currently a research hotspot, due to their important connections with macrophages and the VSMC, and may represent a novel application into future preventive treatment to promote the prevention of smoking-related atherosclerosis. In this review, we will elaborate on the regulatory mechanism of nicotine on atherosclerosis, as well as the effects of interference with nicotine receptors and the use of exosomes to prevent atherosclerosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Fu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingyu Zong
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Panyu Yang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Qingdao Hiser Medical Center, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shizhong Wang
- The Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 66000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Zou
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lynn Htet Htet Aung
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China; Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266021, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Purwowiyoto SL, Prawara AS. Metabolic syndrome and heart failure: mechanism and management. Med Pharm Rep 2021; 94:15-21. [PMID: 33629043 PMCID: PMC7880077 DOI: 10.15386/mpr-1884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are syndromes that affect a large proportion of the world population. MetS is known to be one of the risk factors of HF, and it can also act as comorbidity in HF. This review aims to further discuss the mechanism of MetS in causing HF, the management of MetS in order to prevent HF, and the management of MetS in HF patients. Visceral adiposity is the primary trigger of MetS which is followed by chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and neurohormonal activation. All the mechanisms causing MetS play also an important role in the progression of HF. The MetS approach can be achieved by managing its components according to the current guidelines and careful management of MetS should be done in patients with HF. MetS is closely related to the progression of HF so that comprehensive management which involves a multidisciplinary team is necessary for managing patients with metabolic syndrome and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidhi Laksono Purwowiyoto
- Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, RSUD Pasar Rebo, East Jakarta, Indonesia.,Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. Hamka, Tangerang, Indonesia
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25
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Guolla L, Morrison KM, Barr RD. Adiposity in Survivors of Cancer in Childhood: How is it Measured and Why Does it Matter? J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2021; 43:1-11. [PMID: 33122586 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000001988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Survival of cancer in childhood is increasingly common with modern therapeutic protocols but leads frequently to adverse long-term impacts on health, including metabolic and cardiovascular disease. Changes in body composition, especially an increase in fat mass and a decrease in muscle mass, are found early in patients with pediatric cancer, persist long after treatment has been completed and seem to contribute to the development of chronic disease. This review details the effects of such changes in body composition and reviews the underlying pathophysiology of the development of sarcopenic obesity and its adverse metabolic impact. The authors discuss the particular challenges in identifying obesity accurately in survivors of pediatric cancer using available measurement techniques, given that common measures, such as body mass index, do not distinguish between muscle and adipose tissue or assess their distribution. The authors highlight the importance of a harmonized approach to the assessment of body composition in pediatric cancer survivors and early identification of risk using "gold-standard" measurements. This will improve our understanding of the significance of adiposity and sarcopenia in this population, help identify thresholds predictive of metabolic risk, and ultimately prevent or ameliorate the long-term metabolic and cardiovascular impacts on health experienced by survivors of cancer in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine M Morrison
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University
- McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ronald D Barr
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University
- McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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26
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Velliou M, Sanidas E, Papadopoulos D, Iliopoulos D, Mantzourani M, Toutouzas K, Barbetseas J. Adipokines and atrial fibrillation: The important role of apelin. Hellenic J Cardiol 2021; 62:89-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2020.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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27
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Yeo JL, Brady EM, McCann GP, Gulsin GS. Sex and ethnic differences in the cardiovascular complications of type 2 diabetes. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2021; 12:20420188211034297. [PMID: 34408835 PMCID: PMC8365016 DOI: 10.1177/20420188211034297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus represents a global health concern affecting 463 million adults and is projected to rapidly rise to 700 million people by 2045. Amongst those with type 2 diabetes (T2D), there are recognised differences in the impact of the disease on different sex and ethnic groups. The relative risk of cardiovascular complications between individuals with and without T2D is higher in females than males. People of South Asian heritage are two to four times more likely to develop T2D than white people, but conversely not more likely to experience cardiovascular complications. Differences in the pathophysiological responses in these groups may identify potential areas for intervention beyond glycaemic control. In this review, we highlight key differences of diabetes-associated cardiovascular complications by sex and ethnic background, with a particular emphasis on South Asians. Evidence assessing therapeutic efficacy of new glucose lowering drugs in minority groups is limited and many major cardiovascular outcomes trials do not report ethnic specific data. Conversely, lifestyle intervention and bariatric surgery appear to have similar benefits regardless of sex and ethnic groups. We encourage future studies with better representation of women and ethnic minorities that will provide valuable data to allow better risk stratification and tailored prevention and management strategies to improve cardiovascular outcomes in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian L Yeo
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and the Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Emer M Brady
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and the Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Gerry P McCann
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and the Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Gaurav S Gulsin
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and the Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
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28
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Babapour B, Doustkami H, Avesta L, Moradi A, Saadat S, Piralaei K, Aslani MR. Correlation of Serum Adipolin with Epicardial Fat Thickness and Severity of Coronary Artery Diseases in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Stable Angina Pectoris Patients. Med Princ Pract 2021; 30:52-61. [PMID: 32438366 PMCID: PMC7923895 DOI: 10.1159/000508834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adipolin/C1q/TNF-related protein-12 is a family of CTRPs highly expressed in adipose tissue with glucose-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects. Various risk factors have been suggested in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases, such as a decrease in anti-inflammatory or an increase in inflammatory factors. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the correlation of adipolin with anthropometric, angiographic, echocardiographic, and biochemical parameters. SUBJECT AND METHODS A total of 90 patients who were candidates for angiography were included in the study and divided into 3 groups: 30 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 30 patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP), and 30 subjects as a control group with a history of chest pain but normal angiography. Anthropometric, angiographic, echocardiographic, and biochemical parameters were measured in all subjects. RESULTS Serum adipolin levels were significantly decreased in patients with AMI compared with the SAP and control groups (p < 0.001 for both). In addition, there was a negative association between serum levels of adipolin and epicardial fat thickness (EFT) and Gensini score in CAD patients. The results of multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that EFT values were independently associated with serum adipolin levels. CONCLUSION The current study showed an independent association of adipolin with EFT for the first time in patients with AMI. Decreased adipolin levels in patients with AMI may be involved in the process of atherosclerosis, which requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Babapour
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hossein Doustkami
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Leli Avesta
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Alireza Moradi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Saeideh Saadat
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Kiavash Piralaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Aslani
- Lung Inflammatory Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran,
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,
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29
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Liu Y, Sun Y, Hu C, Liu J, Gao A, Han H, Chai M, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Zhao Y. Perivascular Adipose Tissue as an Indication, Contributor to, and Therapeutic Target for Atherosclerosis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:615503. [PMID: 33391033 PMCID: PMC7775482 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.615503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has been identified to have significant endocrine and paracrine functions, such as releasing bioactive adipokines, cytokines, and chemokines, rather than a non-physiological structural tissue. Considering the contiguity with the vascular wall, PVAT could play a crucial role in the pathogenic microenvironment of atherosclerosis. Growing clinical evidence has shown an association between PVAT and atherosclerosis. Moreover, based on computed tomography, the fat attenuation index of PVAT was verified as an indication of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. Under pathological conditions, such as obesity and diabetes, PVAT shows a proatherogenic phenotype by increasing the release of factors that induce endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory cell infiltration, thus contributing to atherosclerosis. Growing animal and human studies have investigated the mechanism of the above process, which has yet to be fully elucidated. Furthermore, traditional treatments for atherosclerosis have been proven to act on PVAT, and we found several studies focused on novel drugs that target PVAT for the prevention of atherosclerosis. Emerging as an indication, contributor to, and therapeutic target for atherosclerosis, PVAT warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Ang Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Hongya Han
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Chai
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
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Evaluation of omentin levels in patients with unstable angina pectoris, non-ST elevated myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and STEMI. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.804767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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31
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Taheri E, Hosseini S, Qorbani M, Mirmiran P. Association of adipocytokines with lipid and glycemic profiles in women with normal weight obesity. BMC Endocr Disord 2020; 20:171. [PMID: 33198735 PMCID: PMC7670687 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-020-00648-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with normal weight obesity (NWO) are predisposed to having cardiometabolic disorders. This study aims to investigate the circulating levels of vaspin, leptin and their association with glycemic and lipid profiles in women with NWO. METHODS Forty women with body mass index (BMI) = 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 and fat mass (FM) ≥ 30% were assigned in the NWO group. Thirty age-matched women with identical BMI range, and FM < 30% (normal weight non-obese; NWNO) were considered as a control group. In addition to anthropometric measurements, glycemic and lipid profiles and circulating levels of leptin and vaspin were measured. RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of participants was 28.76 ± 4.76 years in the NWO group and 29.23 ± 4.50 years in the control group. The NWO group had the higher mean serum levels of insulin (9.02 ± 4.75 vs. 6.24 ± 2.51, P = 0.009), leptin (17.31 ± 8.10 vs. 9.94 ± 4.30, P < 0.001) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (33.77 ± 20.71 vs. 23.48 ± 10.03, P = 0.009) compared to the NWNO group. The serum level of vaspin was higher in the NWO group compared to the control group (34.82 pg/ml vs. 27.72 pg/ml, respectively, P = 0.12). In NWO group, the serum levels of leptin had positive correlation with FBS (r = 0.45, P = 0.02), insulin (r = 0.51, P = 0.008), and HOMA-IR (r = 0.46, P = 0.02) and vaspin concentration was associated with insulin (r = 0.36, P = 0.02) and HOMA-IR (r = 0.30, P = 0.06), positively. CONCLUSION It is concluded that the concentration of insulin and HOMA-IR index were significantly higher in women with NWO compared to NWNO. Higher concentrations of leptin and vaspin in the NWO group were associated with glycemic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsaneh Taheri
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Arabi Ave, Daneshjoo Blvd, Velenjak, Tehran, 19839-63113, Iran.
| | - Saeed Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Scientists and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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32
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Adipokines and Inflammation: Focus on Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207711. [PMID: 33081064 PMCID: PMC7589803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that adipose tissue, apart from its energy storage function, acts as an endocrine organ that produces and secretes a number of bioactive substances, including hormones commonly known as adipokines. Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases, mainly due to a low grade of inflammation and the excessive fat accumulation produced in this state. The adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity leads to an aberrant release of adipokines, some of them with direct cardiovascular and inflammatory regulatory functions. Inflammation is a common link between obesity and cardiovascular diseases, so this review will summarise the role of the main adipokines implicated in the regulation of the inflammatory processes occurring under the scenario of cardiovascular diseases.
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33
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Kang Y, Zhan F, He M, Liu Z, Song X. Anti-inflammatory effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors on atherosclerosis. Vascul Pharmacol 2020; 133-134:106779. [PMID: 32814163 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2020.106779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a very common macrovascular complication in type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of death in diabetes patients. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) are a newly identified class of drugs targeting the renal proximal tubules to increase glucose excretion. Large-scale clinical trials have confirmed the cardiovascular protective effects of SGLT inhibitors in patients with diabetes diagnosed with or at a higher risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In addition to its direct effect on glycemic control, the function of SGLT-2i in the alleviation of volume load, renal protection, and reduction of inflammation plays an essential role in its therapeutic effect on atherosclerosis. SGLT-2i are known to decrease the levels of inflammatory factors in circulation and in arteries in situ, inhibit foam cell formation and macrophage infiltration, and sustain plaque stability, ultimately blocking the development and progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxiu Kang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 88 Jiefang Rd, Zhejiang 310009, PR China.
| | - Fenfen Zhan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sanmen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sanmen, 287 Xinxing Rd, Zhejiang 317100, PR China
| | - Minzhi He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 88 Jiefang Rd, Zhejiang 310009, PR China
| | - Zhenjie Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 88 Jiefang Rd, Zhejiang 310009, PR China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 88 Jiefang Rd, Zhejiang 310009, PR China.
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34
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Serum chemerin correlated to the SYNTAX score in obese Egyptian patients with coronary artery disease. COR ET VASA 2020. [DOI: 10.33678/cor.2019.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Short-chain fatty acid, acylation and cardiovascular diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:657-676. [PMID: 32219347 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Metabolic dysfunction is a fundamental core mechanism underlying CVDs. Previous studies generally focused on the roles of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) in CVDs. However, a growing body of study has implied that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs: namely propionate, malonate, butyrate, 2-hydroxyisobutyrate (2-HIBA), β-hydroxybutyrate, crotonate, succinate, and glutarate) and their cognate acylations (propionylation, malonylation, butyrylation, 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation, β-hydroxybutyrylation, crotonylation, succinylation, and glutarylation) participate in CVDs. Here, we attempt to provide an overview landscape of the metabolic pattern of SCFAs in CVDs. Especially, we would focus on the SCFAs and newly identified acylations and their roles in CVDs, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure.
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Schots PC, Pedersen AM, Eilertsen KE, Olsen RL, Larsen TS. Possible Health Effects of a Wax Ester Rich Marine Oil. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:961. [PMID: 32676029 PMCID: PMC7333527 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of seafood and the use of fish oil for the production of nutraceuticals and fish feed have increased over the past decades due the high content of long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids. This increase has put pressure on the sustainability of fisheries. One way to overcome the limited supply of fish oil is to harvest lower in the marine food web. Calanus finmarchicus, feeding on phytoplankton, is a small copepod constituting a considerable biomass in the North Atlantic and is a novel source of omega-3 fatty acids. The oil is, however, different from other commercial marine oils in terms of chemistry and, possibly, bioactivity since it contains wax esters. Wax esters are fatty acids that are esterified with alcohols. In addition to the long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the oil is also rich in stearidonic acid (SDA), long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids, and the long-chain fatty alcohols eicosenol and docosenol. Recent animal studies have indicated anti-inflammatory and anti-obesogenic actions of this copepod oil beyond that provided by EPA and DHA. This review will discuss potential mechanisms behind these beneficial effects of the oil, focusing on the impact of the various components of the oil. The health effects of EPA and DHA are well recognized, whereas long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids and long-chain fatty alcohols have to a large degree been overlooked in relation to human health. Recently, however the fatty alcohols have received interest as potential targets for improved health via conversion to their corresponding fatty acids. Together, the different lipid components of the oil from C. finmarchicus may have potential as nutraceuticals for reducing obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauke Carlijn Schots
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Karl-Erik Eilertsen
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ragnar Ludvig Olsen
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Terje Steinar Larsen
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Zhang YY, Zhao ZD, Kong PY, Gao L, Yu YN, Liu J, Wang PQ, Li B, Zhang XX, Yang LQ, Wang Z. A comparative pharmacogenomic analysis of three classic TCM prescriptions for coronary heart disease based on molecular network modeling. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:735-744. [PMID: 32051552 PMCID: PMC7471444 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has evolved over several thousands of years, which has been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of ischemic heart disease. Three classical TCM prescriptions, namely Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction, Zhishi Xiebai Guizhi Decoction, and Gualou Xiebai Banxia Decoction, have been extensively used in the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD). Based on molecular network modeling, we performed a comparative pharmacogenomic analysis to systematically determine the drug-targeting spectrum of the three prescriptions at molecular level. Wide-area target molecules of CHD were covered, which was a common feature of the three decoctions, demonstrating their therapeutic functions. Meanwhile, collective signaling involved metabolic/pro-metabolic pathways, driving and transferring pathways, neuropsychiatric pathways, and exocrine or endocrine pathways. These organized pharmacological disturbance was mainly focused on almost all stages of CHD intervention, such as anti-atherosclerosis, lipid metabolism, inflammation, vascular wall function, foam cells formation, platelets aggregation, thrombosis, arrhythmia, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. In addition, heterogeneity analysis of the global pharmacological molecular spectrum revealed that signaling crosstalk, cascade convergence, and key targets were tendentious among the three decoctions. After all, it is unadvisable to rank the findings on targeting advantages of the three decoctions. Comparative pharmacological evidence may provide an appropriate decoction scheme for individualized intervention of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Zhang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Zi-de Zhao
- Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100040, China
| | - Peng-Yun Kong
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Lin Gao
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Ya-Nan Yu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Peng-Qian Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Bing Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiao-Xu Zhang
- Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100040, China
| | - Li-Qiang Yang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.
| | - Zhong Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Yin C, Hu W, Wang M, Lv W, Jia T, Xiao Y. Irisin as a mediator between obesity and vascular inflammation in Chinese children and adolescents. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:320-329. [PMID: 31740239 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM This study aims to characterize the role of Irisin in obesity and early onset metabolic and vascular sequelae in Chinese children. Furthermore, we aim to examine whether Irisin mediate endothelial cells dysfunction and vascular inflammation which eventually leads to obesity. METHODS AND RESULTS We quantified plasma Irisin levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) among 85 lean and 120 obese children, and assessed the association of Irisin levels with anthropometric, metabolic, cardiovascular and inflammatory parameters of obese children comparing with lean children. We further characterized the markers for endothelial cells and inflammation between obese and lean children to assess potential correlations. In addition, a potential direct effect of Irisin on the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules was assessed in human coronary artery endothelial cells. Irisin levels from obese children was significantly lower than lean children, and this reduced Irisin levels is correlated with certain physical parameters of studied children. Moreover, we identified significant inverse associations between inflammation markers of endothelial activation with Irisin levels in obese children. Multiple regression analyses confirm Irisin serves as a strong predictor of SDS-SBP, Ang-2, ICAM-1, E-selectin and hsCRP levels, independent of SDS-BMI. Lifestyle intervention results in a significant improvement of these cardiovascular and inflammatory parameters, and these were accompanied by a significant improvement of Irisin levels and weight loss. Finally, in the mediation effect model, our data showed that Irisin changes act as partial mediators of the relationship between SDS-BMI changes and changes in inflammatory and endothelial parameters for ICAM-1, E-selectin and hsCRP after controlling for covariates. Likewise, on the cellular level, Irisin inhibition hsCPR, ICAM-1 and E-selectin expression in endothelial cells, whereas Ang-2, VCAM-1 and eNOS expression were unaffected. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that Irisin levels change may indicate the early stages of cardiovascular disease in obese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710049, PR China.
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710049, PR China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710049, PR China
| | - Weicheng Lv
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710049, PR China
| | - Tian Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710049, PR China
| | - Yanfeng Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710049, PR China.
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Parsanathan R, Jain SK. Novel Invasive and Noninvasive Cardiac-Specific Biomarkers in Obesity and Cardiovascular Diseases. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2020; 18:10-30. [PMID: 31618136 PMCID: PMC7041332 DOI: 10.1089/met.2019.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of fatality and disability worldwide regardless of gender. Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in population across different regions. According to epidemiological studies, CVD risk markers in childhood obesity are one of the significant risk factors for adulthood CVD, but have received disproportionally little attention. This review has examined the evidence for the presence of traditional cardiac biomarkers (nonspecific; lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, myoglobulin, glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB, myosin light chains, ST2, and ischemia-modified albumin) and novel emerging cardiac-specific biomarkers (cardiac troponins, natriuretic peptides, heart-type fatty acid-binding protein, and miRNAs). Besides, noninvasive anatomical and electrophysiological markers (carotid intima-media thickness, coronary artery calcification, and heart rate variability) in CVDs and obesity are also discussed. Modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome in the progression of CVD, such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, and adipocytokines are also outlined. These underlying prognostic risk factors predict the onset of future microvascular and macrovascular complications. The understanding of invasive and noninvasive cardiac-specific biomarkers and the risk factors may yield valuable insights into the pathophysiology and prevention of CVD in a high-risk obese population at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Parsanathan
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Sushil K. Jain
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
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Rouatbi S, Ghannouchi I, Kammoun R, Ben Saad H. The Ventilatory and Diffusion Dysfunctions in Obese Patients with and without Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome. J Obes 2020; 2020:8075482. [PMID: 32104601 PMCID: PMC7035560 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8075482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the ventilatory and alveolar-capillary diffusion dysfunctions in case of obesity with or without an OSAS. METHODS It is a cross-sectional study of 48 obese adults (23 OSAS and 25 controls). Anthropometric data (height, weight, and body mass index (BMI)) were collected. All adults responded to a medical questionnaire and underwent polysomnography or sleep polygraphy for apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and percentage of desaturation measurements. The following lung function data were collected: pulmonary flows and volumes, lung transfer factor for carbon monoxide (DLCO), and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). RESULTS Obesity was confirmed for the two groups with a total sample mean value of BMI = 35.06 ± 4.68 kg/m2. A significant decrease in lung function was noted in patients with OSAS compared with controls. Indeed, when compared with the control group, the OSAS one had a severe restrictive ventilatory defect (total lung capacity: 93 ± 14 vs. 79 ± 12%), an abnormal DLCO (112 ± 20 vs. 93 ± 22%), and higher bronchial inflammation (18.40 ± 9.20 vs. 31.30 ± 13.60 ppb) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Obesity when associated with OSAS increases the severity of pulmonary function and alveolar-capillary diffusion alteration. This can be explained in part by the alveolar inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Rouatbi
- Laboratory of Physiology and Explorations, Faculty of Medicine Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
- Heart Failure (LR12SP09) Research Laboratory, Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Ines Ghannouchi
- Laboratory of Physiology and Explorations, Faculty of Medicine Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
- Heart Failure (LR12SP09) Research Laboratory, Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Rim Kammoun
- Laboratory of Physiology and Explorations, Faculty of Medicine Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Helmi Ben Saad
- Laboratory of Physiology and Explorations, Faculty of Medicine Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
- Heart Failure (LR12SP09) Research Laboratory, Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
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Kubala MH, Punj V, Placencio-Hickok VR, Fang H, Fernandez GE, Sposto R, DeClerck YA. Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Promotes the Recruitment and Polarization of Macrophages in Cancer. Cell Rep 2019; 25:2177-2191.e7. [PMID: 30463014 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) has a pro-tumorigenic function via its pro-angiogenic and anti-apoptotic activities. Here, we demonstrate that PAI-1 promotes the recruitment and M2 polarization of monocytes/macrophages through different structural domains. Its LRP1 interacting domain regulated macrophage migration, while its C-terminal uPA interacting domain promoted M2 macrophage polarization through activation of p38MAPK and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and induction of an autocrine interleukin (IL)-6/STAT3 activation pathway. We then show in several experiments in mice that expression of PAI-1 is associated with increased tumorigenicity, increased presence of M2 macrophages, higher levels of IL-6, and increased STAT3 phosphorylation in macrophages. Strong positive correlations between PAI-1, IL-6, and CD163 (M2 marker) expression were also found by meta-analysis of transcriptome data in many human cancers. Altogether, these data provide evidence for a mechanism explaining the paradoxical pro-tumorigenic function of PAI-1 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Helena Kubala
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Vasu Punj
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Veronica Rae Placencio-Hickok
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Hua Fang
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - G Esteban Fernandez
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Richard Sposto
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yves Albert DeClerck
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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Yu F, Zhou X, Li Z, Feng X, Liao D, Liu Z, Huang Q, Li X, Yang Q, Xiao B, Xia J. Diagnostic Significance of Plasma Levels of Novel Adipokines in Patients With Symptomatic Intra- and Extracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1228. [PMID: 31803136 PMCID: PMC6877744 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Adipokines have been proven to be associated with atherosclerotic diseases such as ischemic stroke and coronary heart disease. The role of novel adipokines in the development of symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (sICAS) and extracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (sECAS) has not yet been investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the plasma levels of novel adipokines in patients with sICAS and sECAS and their associations with the prognosis of sICAS groups. Methods: A total of 134 patients with acute ischemic stroke attribute to large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA) and 66 age- and sex-matched controls without atherosclerotic stenosis (NCAS) were included in this study. The LAA group was further sub-classified as sICAS (n = 102) and sECAS (n = 32) according to the location of atherosclerosis. Demographics, clinical parameters, angiographical features and plasma levels of novel adipokines (apelin, visfatin, omentin, RBP-4) were assayed and compared among groups. Results: LAA patients had significantly lower levels of omentin [39.92 (30.74–52.61) ng/ml vs. 54.42 (34.73–79.91) ng/ml, P < 0.001] and visfatin [11.32 (7.62–16.44) ng/ml vs. 13.01 (9.46–27.54) ng/ml, P < 0.001] than those in the NCAS group. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified that the lowest tertile of omentin was independently associated with LAA (OR, 3.423; 95% CI, 1.267–9.244, when referenced to the third tertile). Levels of omentin, visfatin and RBP-4 showed no significant difference between sICAS and sECAS groups. However, median concentrations of apelin were lower in sECAS [84.94 (46.88–130.41) ng/mL) than in sICAS [118.64 (93.22–145.08) ng/mL, P = 0.002] and NCAS [114.38 (80.56–162.93) ng/mL, P = 0.004]. Logistic regression analysis showed that the lowermost tertile of apelin was independently associated with sECAS (OR, 5.121; 95% CI, 1.597–16.426) when adjusted for risk factors. As for sICAS patients, spearman coefficient analysis showed no significant correlation between these four adipokines and the severity of sICAS or the number of vessels with intracranial stenoses. Patients with severe stroke had lower levels of apelin (P = 0.005), while the other three adipokines showed no such difference. During follow up, no difference was found between these four novel adipokines and short- and long-term outcome of sICAS. Conclusions: Lower levels of omentin are independent biomarkers of LAA while low apelin plasma levels seem to be risk factors of sECAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhibin Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xianjing Feng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Di Liao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zeyu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qidong Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Xia
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center for Cerebrovascular Disease, Changsha, China
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Vachher M, Arora K, Burman A, Kumar B. NAMPT, GRN, and SERPINE1 signature as predictor of disease progression and survival in gliomas. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:3010-3023. [PMID: 31710121 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an important source of adipokines involved in anti- and pro-inflammatory effects. Their involvement in certain cancers such as breast and colon cancer is known but in gliomas it remains unexplored till date. The aim of this study was to assess the status of adipokines as prognostic markers of gliomas (low grade gliomas [LGG] and glioblastoma mutiforme [GBM]). Expression status (messenger RNA [mRNA]), overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) was identified using gene expression profiling interactive analysis server. Clinicopathological analysis and correlation between different adipokines was performed using Xena server. Protein expression status was analyzed using tissue sections from the Human Protein Atlas. Out of 11 adipokines studied visfatin (NAMPT), apelin (APLN), granulin (GRN), serpin peptidase inhibitor/plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) member 1 (SERPINE1), and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) mRNA levels were significantly upregulated in both LGG and GBM. Interleukin 6 (IL6) mRNA was found be significantly upregulated only in GBM. NAMPT, GRN, SERPINE1, and IL6 showed reduced OS as well as worst DFS for patients having higher mRNA expression in LGG. Increased expression of CCL2 showed worst OS in LGG patients while resistin (RETN) and GRN showed the worst OS in GBM patients. Higher expression of RETN, GRN, IL6, SERPINE1, and CCL2 were found to be positively correlated with shorter DFS in GBM. In the clinicopathological analysis, NAMPT, GRN, IL6, SERPINE1, and CCL2 expressions were significantly associated between the neoplasm histological G2 and G3 grades. Furthermore, expression of NAMPT, GRN, tumor necrosis factor, IL6, SERPINE1, and CCL2 were significantly associated with histological type in LGG patients. NAMPT, GRN, SERPINE1, CCL2, and RETN expression were found to be correlated with each other in gliomas. Finally, NAMPT, GRN, and SERPINE1 were also found to be upregulated using immunohistochemistry in a lower grade and high grade gliomas as compared to normal cells. In conclusion, we have identified key adipokines, namely NAMPT, GRN, and SERPINE1 as potential diagnostic and prognostic markers that might be instrumental in the development and progression of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Vachher
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Kriti Arora
- Department of Information Technology, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Burman
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhupender Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Catalina MOS, Redondo PC, Granados MP, Cantonero C, Sanchez-Collado J, Albarran L, Lopez JJ. New Insights into Adipokines as Potential Biomarkers for Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:4119-4144. [PMID: 29210636 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666171205162248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A large number of studies have been focused on investigating serum biomarkers associated with risk or diagnosis of type-2 diabetes mellitus. In the last decade, promising studies have shown that circulating levels of adipokines could be used as a relevant biomarker for diabetes mellitus progression as well as therapeutic future targets. Here, we discuss the possible use of recently described adipokines, including apelin, omentin-1, resistin, FGF-21, neuregulin-4 and visfatin, as early biomarkers for diabetes. In addition, we also include recent findings of other well known adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin. In conclusion, further studies are needed to clarify the pathophysiological significance and clinical value of these biological factors as potential biomarkers in type-2 diabetes and related dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro C Redondo
- Department of Physiology (Cell Physiology Research Group), University of Extremadura, 10003-Caceres, Spain
| | - Maria P Granados
- Aldea Moret's Medical Center, Extremadura Health Service, 10195-Caceres, Spain
| | - Carlos Cantonero
- Department of Physiology (Cell Physiology Research Group), University of Extremadura, 10003-Caceres, Spain
| | - Jose Sanchez-Collado
- Department of Physiology (Cell Physiology Research Group), University of Extremadura, 10003-Caceres, Spain
| | - Letizia Albarran
- Department of Physiology (Cell Physiology Research Group), University of Extremadura, 10003-Caceres, Spain
| | - Jose J Lopez
- Department of Physiology (Cell Physiology Research Group), University of Extremadura, 10003-Caceres, Spain
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45
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Farr OM, Mantzoros CS. Old and new tools to study human brain physiology: Current state, future directions and implications for metabolic regulation. Metabolism 2019; 99:iii-viii. [PMID: 31400385 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.153957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Farr
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America.
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America; Section of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02130, United States of America
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Penha JTD, Gazolla FM, Carvalho CNDM, Madeira IR, Rodrigues‐Júnior F, Machado EDA, Sicuro FL, Farinatti P, Bouskela E, Collett‐Solberg PF. Physical fitness and activity, metabolic profile, adipokines and endothelial function in children. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Penha JTD, Gazolla FM, Carvalho CNDM, Madeira IR, Rodrigues-Júnior F, Machado EDA, Sicuro FL, Farinatti P, Bouskela E, Collett-Solberg PF. Physical fitness and activity, metabolic profile, adipokines and endothelial function in children. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2019; 95:531-537. [PMID: 29856943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The prevalence of obesity is increasing. The aim of this study was to investigate if there is endothelial dysfunction in children with normal or excess weight, and whether the metabolic profile, adipokines, and endothelial dysfunction would be more strongly associated with physical fitness or with physical activity levels. METHOD Cross-sectional study involving children aged 5-12 years. The evaluation included venous occlusion plethysmography, serum levels of adiponectin, leptin and insulin, lipid profile, physical activity score (PAQ-C questionnaire), and physical fitness evaluation (Yo-Yo test). RESULTS A total of 62 children participated in this study. Based on the body mass index, 27 were eutrophic, 10 overweight and 25 obese. Triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, HOMA-IR, and leptin were higher in the obese and excess-weight groups compared to the eutrophic group (p<0.01). HDL cholesterol and adiponectin levels were higher in the eutrophic group compared to the obese and excess-weight groups (p<0.01). Flow-mediated vasodilation after hyperemia was higher in the eutrophic group in comparison to obese and excess-weight subjects (p<0.05). There was no difference in the physical activity levels among groups measured by PAQ-C. The Yo-Yo test was significantly associated with HDL cholesterol (rho=-0.41; p=0.01), and this association remained after adjusting for body mass index z-score (rho=0.28; p=0.03). CONCLUSION This study showed that endothelial dysfunction is already present in obese children, suggesting a predisposition to atherosclerotic disease. Moreover, HDL cholesterol levels were correlated with physical fitness, regardless of body mass index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jociene Terra da Penha
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular (Biovasc), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Mussi Gazolla
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Isabel Rey Madeira
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular (Biovasc), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Flávio Rodrigues-Júnior
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular (Biovasc), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elisabeth de Amorim Machado
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular (Biovasc), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando Lencastre Sicuro
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular do Centro Biomédico (Biovasc), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Instituto de Educação Física e Desporto, Laboratório de Atividade Física e Promoção da Saúde (Labsau), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eliete Bouskela
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular (Biovasc), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ferrez Collett-Solberg
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular (Biovasc), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Li X, Ballantyne LL, Yu Y, Funk CD. Perivascular adipose tissue-derived extracellular vesicle miR-221-3p mediates vascular remodeling. FASEB J 2019; 33:12704-12722. [PMID: 31469602 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901548r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing microRNAs (miRNAs) convey intercellular message signaling. The biogenesis of EV-miRNAs from perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and their roles in intercellular communication in response to obesity-associated inflammation have not yet been fully explored. By feeding mice a high-fat diet for 16 wk, we established obesity-associated, chronic low-grade inflammation in PVAT, characterized as hypertrophy of perivascular adipocytes, decreased adipogenesis, and proinflammatory macrophage infiltration. We show that PVAT-derived EVs and their encapsulated miRNAs can be taken up into vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in vivo and in vitro. miR-221-3p is one of the highly enriched miRNAs in obese PVAT and PVAT-derived EVs. Transfer and direct overexpression of miR-221-3p dramatically enhances VSMC proliferation and migration. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α is identified as a miR-221-3p target in VSMC phenotypic modulation. Obese mice secrete abundant miRNA-containing EVs, evoking inflammatory responses in PVAT and vascular phenotypic switching in abdominal aorta of lean mice. Local delivery of miR-221-3p mimic in femoral artery causes vascular dysfunction by suppressing the contractile genes in the arterial wall. Our findings provide an EV-miR-221-3p-mediated mechanism by which PVAT triggers an early-stage vascular remodeling in the context of obesity-associated inflammation.-Li, X., Ballantyne, L. L., Yu, Y., Funk, C. D. Perivascular adipose tissue-derived extracellular vesicle miR-221-3p mediates vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhi Li
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laurel L Ballantyne
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Colin D Funk
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Buck CO, Eliot MN, Kelsey KT, Chen A, Kalkwarf H, Lanphear BP, Braun JM. Neonatal Adipocytokines and Longitudinal Patterns of Childhood Growth. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:1323-1330. [PMID: 31199076 PMCID: PMC6656611 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adipocytokines are markers of fetal metabolism, but their association with childhood growth is unclear. This study examined associations of neonatal adipocytokines with longitudinal childhood adiposity measures in a prospective cohort of pregnant women and their children. METHODS Leptin and adiponectin concentrations at delivery and children's BMI z scores between age 4 weeks and 8 years were measured. Differences in BMI z scores and rates of BMI z score change by leptin (n = 257) and adiponectin (n = 271) terciles were estimated. RESULTS Children in the middle (mean difference: 0.2; 95% CI: -0.1 to 0.4) and highest (0.4; 95% CI: 0.1 to 0.6) leptin terciles had greater BMI z scores than children in the lowest tercile. Associations were null after adjustment for birth weight z score. Children in the lowest adiponectin tercile had greater gains in BMI z score (change per year: 0.10; 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.13) than children in the middle (0.07; 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.09) and highest terciles (0.04; 95% CI: -0.01 to 0.05) (adiponectin × age interaction P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Lower adiponectin levels were associated with increased rates of BMI gains in the first 8 years of life. Though leptin was positively associated with BMI, this association may be confounded by birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine O. Buck
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Melissa N Eliot
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI
| | - Karl T. Kelsey
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Heidi Kalkwarf
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Bruce P. Lanphear
- Faculty of Health and Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Joseph M. Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI
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Lelis DDF, Freitas DFD, Machado AS, Crespo TS, Santos SHS. Angiotensin-(1-7), Adipokines and Inflammation. Metabolism 2019; 95:36-45. [PMID: 30905634 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays the adipose tissue is recognized as one of the most critical endocrine organs releasing many adipokines that regulate metabolism, inflammation and body homeostasis. There are several described adipokines, including the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components that are especially activated in some diseases with increased production of angiotensin II and several pro-inflammatory hormones. On the other hand, RAS also expresses angiotensin-(1-7), which is now recognized as the main peptide on counteracting Ang II effects. New studies have shown that increased activation of ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/MasR arm can revert and prevent local and systemic dysfunctions improving lipid profile and insulin resistance by modulating insulin actions, and reducing inflammation. In this context, the present review shows the interaction and relevance of Ang-(1-7) effects on regulating adipokines, and as one adipokine itself, modulating body homeostasis, with emphasis on its anti-inflammatory properties, especially in the context of metabolic disorders with focus on obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah de Farias Lelis
- Laboratory of Health Sciences, Post Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniela Fernanda de Freitas
- Laboratory of Health Sciences, Post Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Amanda Souto Machado
- Laboratory of Health Sciences, Post Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thaísa Soares Crespo
- Laboratory of Health Sciences, Post Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Henrique Sousa Santos
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Food Engineering College, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Laboratory of Health Sciences, Post Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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