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Liu W, Jiang P, Song T, Yang K, Yuan F, Gao T, Liu Z, Li C, Guo R, Xiao S, Tian Y, Zhou D. A Recombinant Chimera Vaccine Composed of LTB and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Antigens P97R1, mhp390 and P46 Elicits Cellular Immunologic Response in Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1291. [PMID: 37631860 PMCID: PMC10457768 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the etiological agent of porcine enzootic pneumonia (EP), leading to a mild and chronic pneumonia in swine. Relative control has been attained through active vaccination programs, but porcine enzootic pneumonia remains a significant economic challenge in the swine industry. Cellular immunity plays a key role in the prevention and control of porcine enzootic pneumonia. Therefore, the development of a more efficient vaccine that confers a strong immunity against M. hyopneumoniae is necessary. In this study, a multi-antigen chimera (L9m6) was constructed by combining the heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTB) with three antigens of M. hyopneumoniae (P97R1, mhp390, and P46), and its immunogenic and antigenic properties were assessed in a murine model. In addition, we compared the effect of individual administration and multiple-fusion of these antigens. The chimeric multi-fusion vaccine induced significant cellular immune responses and high production of IgG and IgM antibodies against M. hyopneumoniae. Collectively, our data suggested that rL9m6 chimera exhibits potential as a viable vaccine candidate for the prevention and control of porcine enzootic pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (P.J.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Peizhao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (P.J.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (R.G.)
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China;
| | - Tao Song
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China;
| | - Keli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (P.J.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Fangyan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (P.J.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Ting Gao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (P.J.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Zewen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (P.J.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Chang Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (P.J.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (P.J.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, Division of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Yongxiang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (P.J.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Danna Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (P.J.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (R.G.)
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Peter CM, da Silva Barcelos L, Ferreira MRA, Waller SB, Frühauf MI, Botton NY, Conceição FR, de Lima M, de Oliveira Hübner S, Barichello JM, Fischer G. Immunogenicity of an inactivated vaccine for intravaginal application against bovine alphaherpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5). Mol Immunol 2023; 155:69-78. [PMID: 36731192 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to evaluate the intravaginal vaccine potential against bovine alphaherpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5). Sixty three cows were divided into seven groups (n: 9) and inoculated intravaginally (VA) or intramuscularly (IM) with inactivated BoHV-5, associated with the recombinant B subunit of the heat-labile enterotoxin of E. coli (rLTB), 2-hydroxyethylcellulose (Drug Delivery System A - DDS-A) or Poloxamer 407 (Drug Delivery System B - DDS-B) as follows: G1 (DDS-A + BoHV-5 + rLTB), G2 (DDS-A + BoHV-5), G3 (DDS-B + BoHV-5 + rLTB), G4 (DDS-B + BoHV-5), G5 (BoHV-5 + rLTB), G6 (Negative control) e G7 (Positive control). The local and systemic humoral responses were measured by indirect ELISA (IgA and IgG) and serum neutralization tests, and the cellular response was measured by a quantitative direct ELISA (IL-2 and IFN-Gamma). The results showed the group inoculated by the IM route, G5, demonstrated the highest levels of IgG in the vaginal mucosa among the experimental groups (p < 0.05). In the groups tested with polymers (G1 and G3) in the vaginal mucosa, even higher levels of IgG were seen in comparison to the positive control (G7; p < 0.01). Higher levels of IgA were also noted in relation to the other groups (p < 0.05) on days 30, 60 and 90 post-inoculations. The groups G1 and G3 also provided higher titers of neutralizing antibodies (Log2) in relation to other treatments (p < 0.01) 90 days after inoculation. In the nasal mucosa, there was an increase in the levels of IgA and IgG with the use of vaccines from groups G1 and G3, in relation to the positive control, G7 (p < 0.05) at 60 and 90 days after the first inoculation. Moreover, neutralizing antibodies titers were detected at 60 and 90 days by serum neutralization. The inclusion of the evaluated polymers resulted in a superior response (p < 0.05) of immunoglobulins and IL-2 and IFN-Gamma in relation to the treatment using only rLTB (G5). This data demonstrates the capabilities of a vaccine with an intravaginal application in cattle to stimulate a local and systemic immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mendes Peter
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Veterinary College, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lariane da Silva Barcelos
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Veterinary College, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcos Roberto Alves Ferreira
- Applied Immunology Laboratory. Technological Development Center, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Stefanie Bressan Waller
- Applied Immunology Laboratory. Technological Development Center, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Matheus Iuri Frühauf
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Veterinary College, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Nadálin Yandra Botton
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Veterinary College, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Rochedo Conceição
- Applied Immunology Laboratory. Technological Development Center, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Lima
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Veterinary College, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Silvia de Oliveira Hübner
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Veterinary College, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - José Mario Barichello
- Pharmaceutical Development and Production Laboratory, Center for Pharmaceutical and Food Chemical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Geferson Fischer
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Veterinary College, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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A potential delivery system based on cholera toxin: A macromolecule carrier with multiple activities. J Control Release 2022; 343:551-563. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Guerrero Manriquez GG, Tuero I. Adjuvants: friends in vaccine formulations against infectious diseases. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:3539-3550. [PMID: 34288795 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1934354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases represent a major cause of deaths worldwide. No vaccine or effective treatment exists nowadays, especially against intracellular pathogens. The increase in multiple drug and superbug antibiotic resistance strains, excessive medication, or misuse of drugs has prompted the search for other safe and effective alternatives. Consistent with this, adjuvants (Latin word "adjuvare": "help or aid") co-administered (Exo) in vaccines have emerged as a promising alternative to initiate and boost an innate, downstream signal that led to adaptative immune response. Nowadays, a promising model of strong immunogens and adjuvants at mucosal sites are the microbial bacterial toxins. Other adjuvants that are also used and might successfully replace aluminum salts in combination with nanotechnology are CpG-ODN, poly IC, type I IFNs, mRNA platforms. Therefore, in the present review, we focused to revisit the old to the new adjuvants compounds, the properties that make them friends in vaccine formulations against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - I Tuero
- Faculty of Science and Phylosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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Nooraei S, Bahrulolum H, Hoseini ZS, Katalani C, Hajizade A, Easton AJ, Ahmadian G. Virus-like particles: preparation, immunogenicity and their roles as nanovaccines and drug nanocarriers. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:59. [PMID: 33632278 PMCID: PMC7905985 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00806-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 113.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are virus-derived structures made up of one or more different molecules with the ability to self-assemble, mimicking the form and size of a virus particle but lacking the genetic material so they are not capable of infecting the host cell. Expression and self-assembly of the viral structural proteins can take place in various living or cell-free expression systems after which the viral structures can be assembled and reconstructed. VLPs are gaining in popularity in the field of preventive medicine and to date, a wide range of VLP-based candidate vaccines have been developed for immunization against various infectious agents, the latest of which is the vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, the efficacy of which is being evaluated. VLPs are highly immunogenic and are able to elicit both the antibody- and cell-mediated immune responses by pathways different from those elicited by conventional inactivated viral vaccines. However, there are still many challenges to this surface display system that need to be addressed in the future. VLPs that are classified as subunit vaccines are subdivided into enveloped and non- enveloped subtypes both of which are discussed in this review article. VLPs have also recently received attention for their successful applications in targeted drug delivery and for use in gene therapy. The development of more effective and targeted forms of VLP by modification of the surface of the particles in such a way that they can be introduced into specific cells or tissues or increase their half-life in the host is likely to expand their use in the future. Recent advances in the production and fabrication of VLPs including the exploration of different types of expression systems for their development, as well as their applications as vaccines in the prevention of infectious diseases and cancers resulting from their interaction with, and mechanism of activation of, the humoral and cellular immune systems are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saghi Nooraei
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), P. O. BOX: 14155-6343, Tehran, 1497716316, Iran
| | - Howra Bahrulolum
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), P. O. BOX: 14155-6343, Tehran, 1497716316, Iran
| | - Zakieh Sadat Hoseini
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), P. O. BOX: 14155-6343, Tehran, 1497716316, Iran
| | - Camellia Katalani
- Sari Agriculture Science and Natural Resource University (SANRU), Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT), Sari, Iran
| | - Abbas Hajizade
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andrew J Easton
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
| | - Gholamreza Ahmadian
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), P. O. BOX: 14155-6343, Tehran, 1497716316, Iran.
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Ma J, Wang B, Yu L, Song B, Yu Y, Wu S, Dong Y, Zhu Z, Cui Y. The novel combinations of CTB, CpG, and aluminum hydroxide significantly enhanced the immunogenicity of clumping factor A 221-550 of Staphylococcus aureus. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:1846-1855. [PMID: 32501144 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1771170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Here, we prepared the novel combined adjuvants, CTB as intra-molecular adjuvant, CpG and aluminum hydroxide (Alum) to strengthen the immunogenicity of clumping factor A221-550 of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The protein-immunoactive results showed CTB-ClfA221-550 elicited the strong immune responses to serum from mice immunized with CTB and ClfA221-550, respectively. The mice immunized with CTB-ClfA221-550 plus CpG and Alum adjuvant exhibited significantly stronger CD4+ T cell responses for IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-17 and displayed the higher proliferation response of splenic lymphocytes than the control groups, in addition, these mice generated the strongest humoral immune response against ClfA221-550 among all groups. Our results also showed CTB-ClfA221-550 plus CpG and Alum adjuvant obviously increased the survival percentage of the mice challenged by S. aureus. These data suggested that the novel combined adjuvants, CTB, CpG, and Alum, significantly enhance the immune responses triggered with ClfA221-550, and could provide a new approach against infection of S. aureus. ABBREVIATIONS CTB: Cholera Toxin B; CpG: Cytosine preceding Guanosine; ODN: Oligodeoxynucleotides; Alum: Aluminum hydroxide; TRAP: Target of RNAIII-activating Protein; TLR9: Toll-like Receptor 9; TMB: 3, 3', 5, 5'-tetramethylbenzidine; mAbs: Monoclonal Antibodies; OD: Optical Densities; S. aureus: Staphylococcus aureus; ClfA: Clumping factor A; FnBPA: Fibronection-binding protein A; IsdB: Iron-regulated surface determinant B; SasA: Staphylococcus aureus Surface Protein A; GapC: Glycer-aldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhu Ma
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing, China
| | - Beiyan Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing, China
| | - Liquan Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing, China
| | - Baifen Song
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing, China
| | - Yongzhong Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing, China
| | - Yazun Dong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing, China
| | - Zhanbo Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing, China
| | - Yudong Cui
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing, China
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Li M, Wang Y, Sun Y, Cui H, Zhu SJ, Qiu HJ. Mucosal vaccines: Strategies and challenges. Immunol Lett 2019; 217:116-125. [PMID: 31669546 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal immunization has potential benefits over conventional parenteral immunization, eliciting immune defense in both mucosal and systemic tissue for protecting from pathogen invasion at mucosal surfaces. To provide a first line of protection at these entry ports, mucosal vaccines have been developed and hold a significant promise for reducing the burden of infectious diseases. However, until very recently, only limited mucosal vaccines are available. This review summarizes recent advances in selected aspects regarding mucosal vaccination, including appropriate administration routes, reasonable formulations, antigen-sampling and immune responses of mucosal immunity, and the strategies used to improve mucosal vaccine efficacy. Finally, the challenges of developing successful mucosal vaccines and the potential solutions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shu J Zhu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
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Peng X, Zhang R, Wang C, Yu F, Yu M, Chen S, Fan Q, Xi Y, Duan G. E. coli Enterotoxin LtB Enhances Vaccine-Induced Anti- H. pylori Protection by Promoting Leukocyte Migration into Gastric Mucus via Inflammatory Lesions. Cells 2019; 8:E982. [PMID: 31461854 PMCID: PMC6770474 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Current studies indicate that the anti-H. pylori protective efficacy of oral vaccines to a large extent depends on using mucosal adjuvants like E. coli heat-lable enterotoxin B unit (LtB). However, the mechanism by which Th17/Th1-driven cellular immunity kills H. pylori and the role of LtB remains unclear. Here, two L.lactis strains, expressing H. pylori NapA and LtB, respectively, were orally administrated to mice. As observed, the administration of LtB significantly enhanced the fecal SIgA level and decreased gastric H. pylori colonization, but also markedly aggravated gastric inflammatory injury. Both NapA group and NapA+LtB group had elevated splenocyte production of IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, IL-23 and INF-γ. Notably, gastric leukocytes' migration or leakage into the mucus was observed more frequently in NapA+LtB group than in NapA group. This report is the first that discusses how LtB enhances vaccine-induced anti-H. pylori efficacy by aggravating gastric injury and leukocytes' movement into the mucus layer. Significantly, it brings up a novel explanation for the mechanism underlying mucosal cellular immunity destroying the non-invasive pathogens. More importantly, the findings suggest the necessity to further evaluate LtB's potential hazards to humans before extending its applications. Thus, this report can provide considerable impact on the fields of mucosal immunology and vaccinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Chuxiong Medical College, Chuxiong 675005, China
| | - Rongguang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Feiyan Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mingyang Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shuaiyin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qingtang Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuanlin Xi
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Guangcai Duan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Duan Q, Xia P, Nandre R, Zhang W, Zhu G. Review of Newly Identified Functions Associated With the Heat-Labile Toxin of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:292. [PMID: 31456954 PMCID: PMC6700299 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat-labile toxin (LT) is a well-characterized powerful enterotoxin produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). This toxin is known to contribute to diarrhea in young children in developing countries, international travelers, as well as many different species of young animals. Interestingly, it has also been revealed that LT is involved in other activities in addition to its role in enterotoxicity. Recent studies have indicated that LT toxin enhances enteric pathogen adherence and subsequent intestinal colonization. LT has also been shown to act as a powerful adjuvant capable of upregulating vaccine antigenicity; it also serves as a protein or antigenic peptide display platform for new vaccine development, and can be used as a naturally derived cell targeting and protein delivery tool. This review summarizes the epidemiology, secretion, delivery, and mechanisms of action of LT, while also highlighting new functions revealed by recent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangde Duan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Pengpeng Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Rahul Nandre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Weiping Zhang
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
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Jiang Y, Yang G, Wang Q, Wang Z, Yang W, Gu W, Shi C, Wang J, Huang H, Wang C. Molecular mechanisms underlying protection against H9N2 influenza virus challenge in mice by recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum with surface displayed HA2-LTB. J Biotechnol 2017; 259:6-14. [PMID: 28811215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
It has been considered that the Avian influenza virus (AIV) causes severe threats to poultry industry. In this study, we constructed a series of recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) with surface displayed hemagglutinin subunit 2 (HA2) alone or together with heat-labile toxin B subunit (LTB) from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Balb/c mice were used as model to evaluate the protective effects of recombinant L. plantarum strains against H9N2 subtype challenge. The results showed that the presence of LTB significantly increased the percentages of CD3+CD4+IL-4+, CD3+CD4+IFN-γ+ and CD3+CD4+IL-17+ T cells, as well as CD3+CD8+IFN-γ+ T cells in spleen and MLNs determined by Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting assay. Similar increased production of serum IFN-γ was also confirmed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The L. plantarum with surface displayed HA2-LTB also dramatically increased the percentages of B220+ IgA+ B cells in peyer patch, in consistent with elevated production of mucosal SIgA antibody determined by ELISA. Finally, the orally administrated HA2-LTB expressing strain efficiently protected mice against H9N2 subtype AIV challenge shown by increased survival percentages, body weight gains and decreased lung lesions in histopathologic analysis. In conclusion, this study provides more detail mechanisms underlying the adjuvant effects of LTB on heterologous antigen produced in recombinant lactic acid bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Guilian Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zhannan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Wentao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Wei Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Shandong Baolai-Leelai Bio-Tech Co., LTD, Taian, Shandong Province, 171000, China
| | - Chunwei Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jianzhong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Haibin Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Chunfeng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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Cimica V, Galarza JM. Adjuvant formulations for virus-like particle (VLP) based vaccines. Clin Immunol 2017; 183:99-108. [PMID: 28780375 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of virus-like particle (VLP) technology has had an enormous impact on modern vaccinology. In order to optimize the efficacy and safety of VLP-based vaccines, adjuvants are included in most vaccine formulations. To date, most licensed VLP-based vaccines utilize the classic aluminum adjuvant compositions. Certain challenging pathogens and weak immune responder subjects may require further optimization of the adjuvant formulation to maximize the magnitude and duration of the protective immunity. Indeed, novel classes of adjuvants such as liposomes, agonists of pathogen recognition receptors, polymeric particles, emulsions, cytokines and bacterial toxins, can be used to further improve the immunostimulatory activity of a VLP-based vaccine. This review describes the current advances in adjuvant technology for VLP-based vaccines directed at viral diseases, and discusses the basic principles for designing adjuvant formulations for enhancing the vaccine immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velasco Cimica
- TechnoVax, Inc., 765 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
| | - Jose M Galarza
- TechnoVax, Inc., 765 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States.
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Ma Y. Recent advances in nontoxicEscherichia coliheat-labile toxin and its derivative adjuvants. Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 15:1361-1371. [DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2016.1182868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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