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Ma J, Liu J, Fu C, Huo Y. GII.6 norovirus major capsid protein VP1 derived from distinct clusters induce cross-blocking effects. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 122:105617. [PMID: 38857640 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Unlike pandemic GII.4 norovirus, GII.6 norovirus shows limited sequence variation in its major capsid protein VP1. In this study, we investigated the VP1 expression profiles, binding abilities, and cross-blocking effects of three GII.6 norovirus strains derived from three distinct variants. Norovirus VP1 was expressed using a recombinant baculovirus expression system and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, mass spectrometry, salivary histo-blood group antigen (HBGA)-virus like particles (VLPs) binding and binding blockade assays. Mass spectrometry revealed the expected molecular weight (MW) of full-length proteins and degraded or cleaved fragments of all three VP1 proteins. Peptide mapping showed loss of 2 and 3 amino acids from the N- and C-terminus, respectively. Further, the co-expression of VP1 and VP2 proteins did not lead to extra fragmentation during mass spectrometry. Salivary HBGA-VLP binding assay revealed similar binding patterns of the three GII.6 VP1 proteins. Salivary HBGA-VLP binding blockade assay induced cross-blocking effects. Our results demonstrate similar binding abilities against salivary HBGAs and specific cross-blocking effects for GII.6 norovirus strains derived from distinct variants, suggesting that fewer GII.6 strains from different evolutionary variants are needed for the development of norovirus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ma
- Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Infectious Diseases Hospital, The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou), Center for Translational Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjin Liu
- Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Infectious Diseases Hospital, The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou), Center for Translational Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaohong Fu
- Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Infectious Diseases Hospital, The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou), Center for Translational Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Huo
- Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Infectious Diseases Hospital, The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou), Center for Translational Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Huo Y, Ma J, Liu J. Identification of a GII.6 norovirus blockade antibody epitope. Virus Res 2023; 334:199168. [PMID: 37392840 PMCID: PMC10410597 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Noroviruses (NoVs) are the leading agent that causes acute viral gastroenteritis worldwide. Sporadic cases of GII.6 NoV have been reported primarily in addition to occasional outbreaks. Using the major capsid protein VP1 of GII.6 NoV derived from three distinct clusters, we demonstrated three blockade monoclonal antibodies (mAbs, 1F7, 1F11, and 2B6) generated previously exhibited cluster-specific binding effects. Combining sequence alignment and blocking immune epitopes, we sequentially designed a total of 18 mutant proteins containing one, two, or three mutations, or swapped regions. Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) demonstrated that the three blocking mAbs lost or showed significantly reduced binding for H383Y, D387N, V390D, and T391D mutant proteins. Combining data from mutant proteins with swapping regions and point mutations, the binding region of the three mAbs was mapped to residues 380-395. Sequence alignment of this region showed within-cluster conservation and between-cluster variations, further strengthening the idea of blockade epitope-mediated evolution of NoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Huo
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
| | - Jie Ma
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Jinjin Liu
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450000, China
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3
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Functional and structural characterization of Norovirus GII.6 in recognizing histo-blood group antigens. Virol Sin 2023; 38:56-65. [PMID: 36216242 PMCID: PMC10006186 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Noroviruses (NoVs) are the primary cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) are receptors or attachment factors that affect the prevalence and host susceptibility of NoVs. GII.6 NoV is one of the predominant genotypes in humans, which recognizes the type ABO secretor of HBGAs. However, the structural basis of GII.6 NoV's interaction with HBGAs receptors remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the binding features of the GII.6 strain to HBGAs using saliva- and glycan-ELISA assays and characterized the molecular basis of the GII.6 virus that recognizes H disaccharide. We showed that the GII.6 P domain recognized some A and O secretor's saliva samples, most B secretor's saliva samples, and H disaccharide antigen, but did not bind non-secretors' saliva. Further, we determined the crystal structures of GII.6 and its complex with H disaccharides at 1.7 Å, revealing that the P domain of GII.6 shares the conventional binding interface and mode of GII HBGAs. Single residue mutations at the GII.6-H binding sites could inhibit the binding of GII.6 to HBGAs, demonstrating that the interaction residues were crucial in maintaining NoV-glycan integrity. Finally, structural and sequence analyses showed that the major residues of the GII.6-H interaction were conserved among NoVs in the GII genogroup. Taken together, our study characterized the functional and structural features of GII.6 that allow it to interact with HBGAs, and shed light on NoV evolution, epidemiology, and anti-viral drug development.
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Zheng L, Zhang H, Ma J, Liu J, Ma S, Wang M, Huo Y. Phylogenetic and biological characterizations of a GI.3 norovirus. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 85:104554. [PMID: 32927119 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Noroviruses (NoVs) are a major cause of acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. In this study, we report the isolation, near-complete genome sequencing, and expression and biological characterization of the major capsid protein (VP1) of a GI.3 NoV isolated from a child presenting acute gastroenteritis. The genome of the GI.3 NoV is 7746 bp in length, not including the poly-adenylation tail. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete VP1 nucleotide sequences indicates that GI.3 NoVs could be divided into four clusters, with 4.6%, 5.3%, 6.6%, 1.9% intracluster variations in nucleotide and 4.8%, 3.8%, 6.1%, 1.7% intracluster variations in amino acid sequences, respectively. A Bayesian evolutionary analysis showed that GI.3 NoVs evolved at 2.44 × 10-3, 2.78 × 10-3, and 3.04 × 10-3 nucleotide substitutions/site/year using a strict clock model, an uncorrelated log-normal model (UCLN), and an uncorrelated exponential derivation model (UCED), respectively. VP1 protein expression using a recombinant baculovirus expression system leads to the successful assembly of virus-like particles (VLPs). In vitro VLP-Histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) binding assay indicates that GI.3 NoV VLPs strongly bind to blood type A salivary HBGAs, moderately bind to blood type O salivary HBGAs, and weakly bind or do not bind to blood type B and AB salivary HBGAs. In vitro VLP-HBGA binding blockade assay indicated that the binding of GI.3 NoV VLPs to blood type A salivary HBGAs could only be blocked by anti-GI.3 NoV VLPs serum but not non-GI.3 NoV genotype-specific hyperimmune sera (GI.2, GI.7, GII.4, GII.6, GII.7, and GII.17). The detailed characterization of GI.3 NoV in this study provides evidence that GI.3 NoV undergoes rapid evolution and exhibits no cross-blocking effects, suggesting that GI.3 NoV may potentially be utilized in the development of multivalent NoV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zheng
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Jie Ma
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinjin Liu
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuhuan Ma
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Yuqi Huo
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.
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Qiu S, Zheng L, Qin C, Yin X, Ma J, Liu J, Yang Z, Li C, Wang Y, Wang M, Qi Y, Huo Y. Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against GII.6 norovirus virus-like particles. Microb Pathog 2020; 142:104100. [PMID: 32109570 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study we generated and characterized a series of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against GII.6 norovirus (NoV) virus like particles (VLPs). Mice were immunized with purified GII.6 NoV VLPs and peptide-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugates with the peptide sequence (31 aa) derived from the trypsin cleavage region. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to identify positive cell clones during cloning and subcloning, and an in vitro VLP-histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) binding blockade assay was used to identify mAbs with blocking ability. A total of seven mAbs comprising five (1F7, 1F11, 2B6, 2C4, and 2E10) reactive with major capsid proteins (VP1) and two (1E5 and 2B2) reactive with both VP1 proteins and the peptide were identified. mAb 1F7, 1F11, and 2B6 were identified as blocking antibodies. Sandwich ELISA indicated that all these mAbs recognized soluble GII.6 NoV VLPs. Cross-reactivities with GI.7, GII.3, and GII.4 NoV VLPs were observed in indirect and sandwich ELISA. Western blot analysis indicated that all non-blocking mAbs recognized denatured GII.6 VP1 proteins and blocking mAbs only recognized non-denatured proteins. The in vitro VLP-HBGA binding blockade assay indicated that the three blocking antibodies exhibited blocking effects against GII.6 NoV VLPs, but not GI.7, GII.3, and GII.4 NoV VLPs. Epitope mapping and HBGA blocking assay indicated that mAbs targeting the predicted surface-exposed loop region did not have blocking effects, suggesting a possible important role of this region in regulating NoV-HBGA interactions. This is the first report regarding the characterization of mAbs with blocking ability against GII.6 NoV VLPs. These mAbs might be useful in facilitating our understanding of this group of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxing Qiu
- Xinxiang University of College of Medicine, Xinxiang, PR China
| | - Lijun Zheng
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Chuan Qin
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xing Yin
- Xinxiang University of College of Medicine, Xinxiang, PR China
| | - Jie Ma
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Jinjin Liu
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Zhaojie Yang
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Chunwei Li
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Yumei Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | | | - Yonghua Qi
- Xinxiang University of College of Medicine, Xinxiang, PR China.
| | - Yuqi Huo
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, PR China.
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6
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Genomic and biological characterization of a pandemic norovirus variant GII.4 Sydney 2012. Virus Genes 2020; 56:174-181. [PMID: 31912284 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-019-01729-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Genogroup II, genotype 4 noroviruses (GII.4 NoVs) are a leading cause of epidemic and sporadic acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. In this study, we isolated a GII.4 NoV strain (designated 2015HN08) from a kid presenting with acute gastroenteritis and determined its near-complete genome sequence. We then performed sequence analysis by comparing this strain with the prototypical GII.4 strain. Virus-like particles (VLPs) derived from the major capsid protein (VP1) were expressed by using a recombinant-baculovirus expression system, and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced to compare changes in antigenic or histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) binding sites with the previously characterized GII.4 NoV strain (JZ403). The genome of 2015HN08 was 7559 nucleotides (nt) long, excluding the poly(A) tail. Genotyping analysis indicated that this strain was a Sydney 2012 variant. In comparison with the prototype Sydney 2012 strain, there were 74, 35, and 16 differences in nucleotide sequences in ORF1, OFR2, and OFR3, causing 7, 10, and 6 amino acid (aa) changes, respectively. Expression of VP1 led to successful assembly of VLPs, as demonstrated by electron microscopy. Screening of hybridoma cell supernatants with an in vitro VLP-HBGAs binding blockade assay led to the identification of a cell clone 3G10 that exhibited HBGA-blocking effects. This mAb also exhibited blocking effects against JZ403 strain, suggesting maintenance of the antigenic site and/or HBGAs binding sites between the two strains. In summary, we determined the near-complete genome sequence of a GII.4 Sydney 2012 variant and produced an mAb with blocking effects that might be useful in evaluating the evolution of current Sydney 2012 NoV strains.
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Diakoudi G, Lanave G, Catella C, Medici MC, De Conto F, Calderaro A, Loconsole D, Chironna M, Bonura F, Giammanco GM, Bányai K, Tohma K, Parra GI, Martella V, De Grazia S. Analysis of GII.P7 and GII.6 noroviruses circulating in Italy during 2011-2016 reveals a replacement of lineages and complex recombination history. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 75:103991. [PMID: 31394293 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.103991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Noroviruses are important human enteric pathogens and monitoring their genetic diversity is important for epidemiological surveillance, vaccine development, and understanding of RNA viruses evolution. Epidemiological investigations have revealed that genogroup II, genotype 6 noroviruses (GII.6) are common agents of gastroenteritis. Upon sequencing of the ORF2 (encoding the viral capsid), GII.6 viruses have been distinguished into three variants. Sentinel hospital-based surveillance in Italy revealed that GII.6 noroviruses were the second most common capsid genotype in 2015, mostly in association with a GII.P7 ORF1 (encoding the viral polymerase). Upon molecular characterization of the ORF1 and ORF2, the GII.P7_GII.6 epidemic viruses circulating in 2014-2015 (variant GII.6b) were different from those that circulated sporadically in 2011-2013 (variant GII.6a). Analysis of the ORF1 (GII.P7) and ORF2 (GII.6) sequences available in the databases unveiled marked genetic diversity and peculiarities in the phylogenetic segregation patterns, suggesting multiple recombination events. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that recent GII.P7_GII.6b viruses were circulating as early as 2008, and formed a genetically homogenous group that emerged globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Diakoudi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Italy
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Italy
| | - Cristiana Catella
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Italy
| | | | - Flora De Conto
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Italy
| | - Adriana Calderaro
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Italy
| | - Daniela Loconsole
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Oncologia Umana, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Chironna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Oncologia Umana, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Italy
| | - Floriana Bonura
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maurizio Giammanco
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro", Università di Palermo, Italy
| | - Kristián Bányai
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kentaro Tohma
- Division of Viral Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | - Vito Martella
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Italy.
| | - Simona De Grazia
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro", Università di Palermo, Italy
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Ma S, Zheng L, Liu J, Wang W, Ma J, Cheng X, Ge L, Wang M, Huo Y, Shen S. Chimeric GII.3/GII.6 norovirus capsid (VP1) proteins: characterization by electron microscopy, trypsin sensitivity and binding to histo-blood group antigens. Arch Virol 2018; 163:3265-3273. [PMID: 30143876 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-4002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
GII.3 and GII.6 noroviruses (NoVs) are similar in several aspects, including the presence of a short sequence insertion in the P2 domain of the major capsid protein (VP1) and trypsin susceptibility of VP1-containing virus-like particles (VLPs). In this study, we generated two constructs with the S or P domains of VP1 from GII.3 and GII.6 NoV strains exchanged (GII.3S/GII.6P and GII.6S/GII.3P), and the resultant chimeric capsid proteins were expressed from recombinant baculoviruses. The assembly of VLPs was confirmed by electron microscopy, and the susceptibility of assembled VLPs to trypsin digestion was analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Salivary histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) binding and binding blockade assays were performed to determine the binding characteristics of chimeric VP1-containing VLPs with and without trypsin digestion. Our results indicated that both expressed GII.3S/GII.6P and GII.6S/GII.3P chimeric proteins successfully assembled into VLPs. Trypsin digestion of VLPs assembled from both chimeric proteins led to the generation of two fragments with molecular sizes similar to those of wild-type VP1-containing VLPs. An in vitro salivary HBGA binding assay demonstrated that VLPs assembled from both chimeric proteins exhibited enhanced binding after trypsin cleavage. An HBGA binding blockade assay indicated that the binding of GII.3S/GII.6P and GII.6S/GII.3P VLPs against salivary HBGAs could only be blocked by GII.3 and GII.6 NoV VLP-specific hyperimmune sera, respectively. For GII.6 and GII.3S/GII.6P VLPs, a difference in binding enhancement after trypsin cleavage was observed. Our results demonstrate that the S domains of GII.3 and GII.6 NoV VP1 are interchangeable and that the S domain affects the binding of the P domain to HBGAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhuan Ma
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Zheng
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjin Liu
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Ma
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuhui Cheng
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Ge
- Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingchen Wang
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Huo
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuo Shen
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Genomic characterization of GII.3 noroviruses isolated from children in Zhengzhou city, China, 2015/16. Arch Virol 2018; 163:2737-2742. [PMID: 29909464 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3905-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we isolated, amplified and sequenced GII.3 norovirus (NoV) strains from children admitted to a department of pediatric gastroenterology presenting with acute gastroenteritis from September 2015 to March 2016. A total of 35 stool samples were collected and eight were GII.3 NoV positive, based on sequencing. The complete genome sequences were determined for two strains while partial genome sequences, encompassing approximately 3.2 kb of the 3´end, were generated for the six other strains. Genotyping analysis of all strains indicated that they belonged to GII P12/GII.3. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that these isolated strains could be divided into two clusters. Strains in cluster IV were the most frequently isolated and exhibited less intra-cluster variation in nucleotide sequences. Our study demonstrated that the GII.P12/GII.3 recombinant strain was the dominant GII.3 NoVs in Zhengzhou city.
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10
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Zheng L, Wang W, Liu J, Chen X, Li S, Wang Q, Huo Y, Qin C, Shen S, Wang M. Characterization of a Norovirus-specific monoclonal antibody that exhibits wide spectrum binding activities. J Med Virol 2018; 90:671-676. [PMID: 29236287 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Noroviruses (NoVs) are increasingly recognized as the leading cause of acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. To screen for NoV-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with wide spectrum binding activities that could be used for the development of NoV-related detection reagents, we immunized mice with a combination of virus like particles (VLPs) derived from eight different genotypes (two from genogroup I and six from genogroup II), of which two (GI.7 and GII.2) were newly produced VLPs. Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) confirmed that two mAbs (8D8 and 10B11) bound to all eight major capsid proteins (VP1) with varied binding abilities. Epitope mapping using short peptides covering the N-terminal half of GII.3 VP1 indicated that the binding site of mAb 8D8 was located between amino acid 31 and 60. Multiple amino acid sequence alignment of VP1 suggested that this site harbors conservative sequences across all genogroups. Indirect and sandwich ELISA indicated that mAb 8D8 was unable bind intact VLPs. In summary, we successfully produced GI.7 and GII.2 VLPs using recombinant baculovirus expression system and a cross-reactive mAb by immunizing mice with eight different VLPs that might be useful in the studying and detecting NoVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zheng
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jinjin Liu
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xuhui Chen
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Sanjing Li
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qiaoli Wang
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yuqi Huo
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Qin
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Shen
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Wuhan, P. R. China
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11
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Zheng L, Wang W, Liu J, Huo Y, Qin C, Wang M, Shen S. Comprehensive characterization of a major capsid protein derived from a documented GII.6 norovirus strain. Arch Virol 2017; 162:3863-3868. [PMID: 28866835 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3537-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we successfully produced VLPs derived from full-length or chimeric VP1 of a documented GII.6 strain. Trypsin digestion of purified VLPs led to total cleavage of VP1, while the integrity of assembled VLPs was not affected. In vitro VLP-histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) binding and binding blockade assays indicated that trypsin digestion enhanced the binding of GII.6 VLPs to salivary HBGAs and that this binding could only be blocked by serum produced against a homologous strain. The data regarding the assembly, morphology and binding patterns of GII.6 NoV VLPs presented here might be useful for further study of GII.6 NoVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zheng
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, No. 29 Jingguangnan Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjin Liu
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, No. 29 Jingguangnan Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Huo
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, No. 29 Jingguangnan Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuan Qin
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, No. 29 Jingguangnan Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingchen Wang
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Shen
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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12
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Expression and purification of norovirus virus like particles in Escherichia coli and their immunogenicity in mice. Mol Immunol 2017; 93:278-284. [PMID: 28802994 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Norovirus (NoV) virus like particles (VLPs) produced in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells have been tested in human volunteers as vaccine candidate and were shown to be protective against NoV induced acute gastroenteritis. In this study, prevailing Sydney-2012-like NoV major capsid protein gene with or without N-terminal deletions (N26 and N38, 26 and 38 amino acids deleted from N terminus,respectively) were sub-cloned into prokaryotic expression vector, pCold III and pCold IV. Soluble and insoluble proteins were detected for both vectors after induction and higher levels of protein expression were observed for constructs pCold III-N26 and pCold III-N38. Electron microscopy observation of unpurified and purified lysates indicated in vivo assembly of VLPs with two sizes in accordance with those observed in Sf9 cells. In vitro salivary HBGA-VLP binding assay demonstrated that VLPs assembled in Escherichia coli (E. coli) exhibited the same binding pattern as that of VLPs assembled in Sf9 cells. Immunization of mice with purified VLPs derived from pCold III-N38 demonstrated higher IgG antibody titers and blocking antibody titers when compared with full-length capsid protein assembled VLPs from recombinant baculovirus expression system. In conclusion, NoV VLPs produced in E. coli using pCold expression vector might be used for the development of NoV vaccine.
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Huo Y, Wang W, Zheng L, Chen X, Shen S, Wang M. Enzymatic cleavage promotes disassembly of GII.3 norovirus virus like particles and its binding to salivary histo-blood group antigens. Virus Res 2017; 240:18-24. [PMID: 28754559 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we found that addition of fecal extract significantly promoted the binding of GII.3 NoV VLPs to salivary HBGAs. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that major capsid proteins (VP1) were cleaved into two major bands with molecular weights of 26 and 31kD, respectively. Pretreatment of fecal extract by boiling or addition of protease inhibitor cocktail or type specific protease inhibitor (leupeptin and aprotinin) during incubation all decreased VP1 cleavage and its binding to salivary HBGAs. Trypsin digestion led to cleavage of VP1 and promoted its binding to HBGAs, suggesting that the active enzyme(s) might be trypsin or trypsin-like enzymes. Trypsin and fecal extract pretreatment all led to loss of morphological intact VLPs, indicating enhanced signal was possible due to increased binding of fragmented subunits. N-terminal sequencing was performed to characterize the cleavage sites with indecisive results. In vitro VLP-salivary HBGAs binding blockade assay using VLPs derived from VP1 of different GII.3 strains and rabbit anti-genotype specific hyperimmune serum indicated that GII.3 NoVs might have conservative HBGA binding sites. In summary, our results provide evidence about the widespread presence of active enzyme in fecal samples that can cleave GII.3 NoV VLPs and demonstrate that GII.3 NoVs have conservative HBGA binding sites which might have implications in the design of multivalent NoV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Huo
- The Sixth People's hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou PR China.
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Wuhan PR China
| | - Lijun Zheng
- The Sixth People's hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou PR China
| | - Xuhui Chen
- The Sixth People's hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou PR China
| | - Shuo Shen
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Wuhan PR China.
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