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Luis-Sunga M, Carinelli S, García G, González-Mora JL, Salazar-Carballo PA. Electrochemical Detection of Bisphenol A Based on Gold Nanoparticles/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Applications on Glassy Carbon and Screen Printed Electrodes. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2570. [PMID: 38676187 PMCID: PMC11054518 DOI: 10.3390/s24082570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) has been classified as an endocrine-disrupting substance that may cause adverse effects on human health and the environment. The development of simple and sensitive electrochemical biosensors is crucial for the rapid and effective quantitative determination of BPA. This work presents a study on electrochemical sensors utilizing gold nanoparticle-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT/AuNPs). Glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) and screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) were conveniently modified and used for BPA detection. AuNPs were electrodeposited onto the CNT-modified electrodes using the galvanostatic method. The electrodes were properly modified and characterized by using Raman spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance analysis (EIS). The electrochemical response of the sensors was studied using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and constant potential amperometry (CPA) for modified GCE and SPE electrodes, respectively, and the main analytical parameters were studied and optimized. Problems encountered with the use of GCEs, such as sensor degradation and high limit of detection (LOD), were overcome by using modified SPEs and a flow injection device for the measurements. Under this approach, an LOD as low as 5 nM (S/N = 3) was achieved and presented a linear range up to 20 μM. Finally, our investigation addressed interference, reproducibility, and reusability aspects, successfully identifying BPA in both spiked and authentic samples, including commercial and tap waters. These findings underscore the practical applicability of our method for accurate BPA detection in real-world scenarios. Notably, the integration of SPEs and a flow injection device facilitated simplified automation, offering an exceptionally efficient and reliable solution for precise BPA detection in water analysis laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximina Luis-Sunga
- Laboratory of Sensors, Biosensors and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de la Laguna, Campus de Ofra s/n, 38071 La Laguna, Spain; (M.L.-S.); (J.L.G.-M.); (P.A.S.-C.)
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Universitario de Materiales y Nanotecnología, Universidad de la Laguna, P.O. Box 456, 38200 La Laguna, Spain;
| | - Soledad Carinelli
- Laboratory of Sensors, Biosensors and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de la Laguna, Campus de Ofra s/n, 38071 La Laguna, Spain; (M.L.-S.); (J.L.G.-M.); (P.A.S.-C.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Gonzalo García
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Universitario de Materiales y Nanotecnología, Universidad de la Laguna, P.O. Box 456, 38200 La Laguna, Spain;
| | - José Luis González-Mora
- Laboratory of Sensors, Biosensors and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de la Laguna, Campus de Ofra s/n, 38071 La Laguna, Spain; (M.L.-S.); (J.L.G.-M.); (P.A.S.-C.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia, Universidad de la Laguna, 38071 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Pedro A. Salazar-Carballo
- Laboratory of Sensors, Biosensors and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de la Laguna, Campus de Ofra s/n, 38071 La Laguna, Spain; (M.L.-S.); (J.L.G.-M.); (P.A.S.-C.)
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Fernandez Bats I, Carinelli S, Gonzales Mora JL, Villalonga R, Salazar P. Nickel oxide nanoparticles/carbon nanotubes nanocomposite for non‐enzymatic determination of hydrogen peroxide. ELECTROANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202200192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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New Electrochemical Sensor Based on Hierarchical Carbon Nanofibers with NiCo Nanoparticles and Its Application for Cetirizine Hydrochloride Determination. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15103648. [PMID: 35629673 PMCID: PMC9147852 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A new electrochemical sensor based on hierarchical carbon nanofibers with Ni and Co nanoparticles (eCNF/CNT/NiCo-GCE) was developed. The presented sensor may be characterized by high sensitivity, good electrical conductivity, and electrocatalytic properties. Reproducibility of its preparation expressed as %RSD (relative standard deviation) was equal to 9.7% (n = 5). The repeatability of the signal register on eCNF/CNT/NiCo-GCE was equal to 3.4% (n = 9). The developed sensor was applied in the determination of the antihistamine drug—cetirizine hydrochloride (CTZ). Measurement conditions, such as DPV (differential pulse voltammetry) parameters, supporting electrolyte composition and concentration were optimized. CTZ exhibits a linear response in three concentration ranges: 0.05–6 µM (r = 0.988); 7–32 (r = 0.992); and 42–112 (r = 0.999). Based on the calibration performed, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were calculated and were equal to 14 nM and 42 nM, respectively. The applicability of the optimized method for the determination of CTZ was proven by analysis of its concentration in real samples, such as pharmaceutical products and body fluids (urine and plasma). The results were satisfactory and the calculated recoveries (97–115%) suggest that the method may be considered accurate. The obtained results proved that the developed sensor and optimized method may be used in routine laboratory practice.
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