1
|
Williams C, Swisher S, Miller N, Pinn-Woodcock T, Austin C, Hsiao SH, Arenas-Gamboa AM, Tiller R, Thacker T, Taetzsch S, Franklin-Guild R, Cutter L, Quance C, Hung CC, Maddox CW, Ernst M, Guarino C, Lanka S, Garcia-Gonzalez DG, Slager S, Sunavala Z, Brown C, Negron M, Pieracci EG. Human exposures to Brucella canis from a pregnant dog during an international flight: Public health risks, diagnostic challenges and future considerations. Zoonoses Public Health 2024; 71:629-641. [PMID: 38459616 PMCID: PMC11368655 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This report documents the exposure of passengers and crew of a commercial international flight to the zoonotic pathogen Brucella canis after an infected dog aborted in the passenger cabin of the aircraft. This case demonstrates the challenges associated with brucellosis screening and the risks that airline personnel, airport employees and travellers face when animals with unrecognized zoonotic infections are transported. METHODS/RESULTS The public health investigation of this case was conducted by the Centers for Disease Control, the Illinois Department of Health and the Illinois Department of Agriculture, in collaboration with a local veterinary clinic and several academic and federal diagnostic laboratories. It included an extensive diagnostic evaluation of the dam and aborted foetuses to confirm a diagnosis of canine brucellosis. Passengers, airline personnel and staff from the veterinary clinic where the dogs were treated underwent risk assessments, and clinic staff also received detailed guidance regarding infection prevention practices. CONCLUSIONS Animal shelters and breeding programs are recommended to screen dogs routinely for brucellosis, but it is not unusual for domestic or imported animals to have unknown health histories, including the dog's brucellosis status, at the time of purchase, adoption, or re-homing. Testing recommendations and requirements vary by state, making it challenging for state public health and animal health agencies to monitor and respond appropriately. This case highlights the importance of Brucella spp. screening in sexually intact dogs prior to breeding, purchase, or domestic or international transportation of the dogs. The transportation of pregnant dogs may present a previously unrecognized public health threat in addition to contributing to unnecessary stress and health risks for pregnant animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cara Williams
- Division of Global Migration Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Samantha Swisher
- Division of Global Migration Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nicholas Miller
- Elk Grove Veterinary Specialty & Emergency, Elk Grove Village, Illinois, USA
| | - Toby Pinn-Woodcock
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Connie Austin
- Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Shih-Hsuan Hsiao
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Angela M. Arenas-Gamboa
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Rebekah Tiller
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tyler Thacker
- Mycobacteria and Brucella Section, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, United States Department of Agriculture, Animal & Plant Health Inspection Service, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Sara Taetzsch
- Division of Global Migration Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rebecca Franklin-Guild
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Laurel Cutter
- Division of Global Migration Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Christine Quance
- Mycobacteria and Brucella Section, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, United States Department of Agriculture, Animal & Plant Health Inspection Service, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Chien-Che Hung
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Carol W. Maddox
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Mark Ernst
- Illinois Department of Agriculture, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Cassandra Guarino
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Saraswathi Lanka
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel G. Garcia-Gonzalez
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Staci Slager
- Illinois Department of Agriculture, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Zenia Sunavala
- Division of Global Migration Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Clive Brown
- Division of Global Migration Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Maria Negron
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Emily G. Pieracci
- Division of Global Migration Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Emmanouil M, Vourvidis D, Kyrma A, Makka S, Horefti E, Angelakis E. Epidemiological Investigation of Animal Brucellosis in Domestic Ruminants in Greece from 2015 to 2022 and Genetic Characterization of Prevalent Strains. Pathogens 2024; 13:720. [PMID: 39338912 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13090720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases in Greece, causing a significant burden on both human and animal vitality as well as economic loss. The present study was conducted from 2015 to 2022 on 711,415 serum samples by determining the seroepidemiology of Brucellosis among livestock in 24 geographical areas in Greece using the Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and the complement fixation test (CFT) and further performing genetic analysis of Brucella spp. by species-specific real-time PCR and MLVA Brucella analysis. A total of 3086 serum samples from goats, sheep, and cattle showed positive results using the RBT and CFT, and only strongly positive samples (n = 800) were preserved in the Βlood Bank of the Veterinary Laboratory of Brucellosis. From these, 212 sera samples were randomly selected for molecular and genetic analysis. The results indicated that the incidence rate of Brucellosis is higher in cattle herds in comparison with other animal species. Overall, 48 samples tested positive by real-time PCR, of which forty-seven of them were B. abortus and one was B. melitensis. Genetic analysis of two B. abortus samples revealed a common pattern, indicating two Bruce04, two Bruce18, four Bruce07, two Bruce09, three Bruce16, and four Bruce30 for both samples, which, interestingly, were not identical with the known genotypes in the public MLVA Brucella database. Our findings substantiate that animal Brucellosis remains a health issue in Greece, with a stable but apparent incidence rate, and further investigation is needed to fully characterize the newly identified Brucella strains in Greece.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Emmanouil
- Diagnostic Department and Public Health Laboratories, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Anna Kyrma
- Ministry of Rural Development and Food, 15341 Attica, Greece
| | - Sofia Makka
- Diagnostic Department and Public Health Laboratories, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Elina Horefti
- Diagnostic Department and Public Health Laboratories, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Angelakis
- Diagnostic Department and Public Health Laboratories, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alirezaei A, Khalili M, Baseri N, Esmaeili S, Mohammadi Damaneh E, Kazeminia S. Molecular detection of Brucella species among aborted small ruminants in southeast Iran. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:911-917. [PMID: 37999910 PMCID: PMC10920489 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01191-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis, caused by Brucella bacteria, is a common zoonotic infectious disease with various clinical manifestations in humans and animals. The disease is endemic in human and ruminant populations in Iran, with a particular prevalence in areas where humans have close interactions with livestock. Since domestic animals serve as the primary reservoir for brucellosis, this study aimed to identify the presence of Brucella spp. among aborted small ruminants in southeast Iran. Between 2021 and 2022, aborted fetuses of small ruminants (46 sheep and 4 goats) were collected from Zarand County in the Kerman province. Swab samples from the abomasum contents of these fetuses were obtained and subjected to DNA extraction. The samples were then tested for Brucella spp. detection using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Out of the 50 aborted fetuses examined, Brucella spp. was detected in 15 (30%) specimens, comprising 13 (28%) sheep and 2 (50%) goats. Species typing revealed the presence of Brucella ovis (6 sheep and 1 goat), Brucella melitensis (6 sheep), and Brucella abortus (1 sheep) among the positive specimens. This cross-sectional study highlights the high prevalence of various Brucella species in samples from small ruminant abortions in southeast Iran. Additionally, the identified Brucella species were not limited to their primary host livestock. These indicated potential cross-species transmission among small ruminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Alirezaei
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khalili
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Neda Baseri
- National Reference Laboratory of Plague, Tularemia and Q Fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Akanlu, Kabudar-Ahang, Hamadan, Iran.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saber Esmaeili
- National Reference Laboratory of Plague, Tularemia and Q Fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Akanlu, Kabudar-Ahang, Hamadan, Iran.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elham Mohammadi Damaneh
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Baseri N, Omidi AH, Latifian M, Mostafavi E, Khademvatan S, Omidifar N, Tabaei SJS, Jafari R, Zeinali S, Ghasemi A, Esmaeili S. Molecular examination for Coxiella burnetii and Brucella spp. infections in Iranian women experiencing spontaneous miscarriage. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:172. [PMID: 38326756 PMCID: PMC10848525 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09041-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spontaneous miscarriage, a leading health concern globally, often occurs due to various factors, including infections. Among these, Coxiella burnetii and Brucella spp. may have adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes. While previous research has established a link between infections and spontaneous miscarriage, our study aimed specifically to investigate the presence of these two pathogens in abortion samples from women who experienced spontaneous miscarriages in Iran. Our study can add to the existing knowledge by focusing on Iran, a region with a high prevalence of C. burnetii and Brucella spp. As a result, it could provide a better understanding and unique insights into the relationship of these pathogens with spontaneous miscarriages in endemic regions. METHODS From March 2021 to March 2022, a total of 728 abortion samples (including placenta and cotyledon) were collected from 409 women who had experienced spontaneous miscarriages in the provinces of Tehran, Fars, and West Azerbaijan in Iran. The specimens included 467 Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) and 261 fresh frozen samples. After DNA extraction from abortion samples, the quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay targeted a specific fragment of the IS1111 and IS711 elements for molecular identification of C. burnetii and Brucella spp., respectively. Furthermore, the qPCR assay employing specific primers for different species was used to determine the species of Brucella. RESULTS Among the studied women, 1 out of 409 (0.24%) samples tested positive for Brucella spp., specifically Brucella melitensis. There were no positive specimens for C. burnetii. CONCLUSIONS Our study contributes to understanding the potential involvement of Brucella species in spontaneous infectious abortion within endemic regions. The identification of B. melitensis in this study highlights the need for further research in this area. However, while our results suggest a relatively low or zero identification of these pathogens in our sample population, this does not rule out the possibility of undetected infections. Therefore, it is critical to acknowledge the limitations of the molecular techniques used (qPCR), which may have potential limitations such as sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, because 64.15% of our samples were FFPE, the sensitivity of the qPCR test may be reduced. These raise concerns about the accuracy of the reported prevalence rates and the potential for false positives or negatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neda Baseri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- National Reference Laboratory for Plague, Tularemia and Q Fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Akanlu, Hamadan, KabudarAhang, Iran
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Omidi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- National Reference Laboratory for Plague, Tularemia and Q Fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Akanlu, Hamadan, KabudarAhang, Iran
| | - Mina Latifian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- National Reference Laboratory for Plague, Tularemia and Q Fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Akanlu, Hamadan, KabudarAhang, Iran
| | - Ehsan Mostafavi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- National Reference Laboratory for Plague, Tularemia and Q Fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Akanlu, Hamadan, KabudarAhang, Iran
| | - Shahram Khademvatan
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute , Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia , Iran
| | - Navid Omidifar
- Department of Pathology , School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Seyyed Javad Seyyed Tabaei
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasool Jafari
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shiva Zeinali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghasemi
- National Reference Laboratory for Plague, Tularemia and Q Fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Akanlu, Hamadan, KabudarAhang, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Research Center of Reference Health Laboratories, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saber Esmaeili
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
- National Reference Laboratory for Plague, Tularemia and Q Fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Akanlu, Hamadan, KabudarAhang, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Han K, Dong H, Peng X, Sun J, Jiang H, Feng Y, Ding J, Xiao S. Transcriptome and the gut microbiome analysis of the impacts of Brucella abortus oral infection in BALB/c mice. Microb Pathog 2023; 183:106278. [PMID: 37532208 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by Brucella spp, which could cause serious economic losses to animal husbandry and threaten human public health. Ingestion of contaminated animal products is a common way to acquire Brucella infection in humans, while research on effect of oral Brucella infection on host gut microbiota and the gene expression in intestinal tissues is limited. In the present study, 16S rRNA sequencing and RNA sequencing were conducted to explore gut microbiota and expression profiles of mRNAs in the colon of BALB/c mice, which were infected by Brucella abortus 2308. The fecal samples were collected at 7 and 28 days post infection to observe changes in the gut microbiota during Brucella infection. In the alpha diversity analysis, significantly increased Chao 1 index was observed at 28 days after Brucella infection. The Bray-Curtis distancebased principal coordinate analysis indicated that the WT group showed a separation from the Brucella infection groups. In addition, analysis of composition of microbes revealed that Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group were more abundant in 1 week and 4 week infection groups, while Turicibacter was only more abundant in 4 week infection group. Based on the RNA-seq assay, a total of 45 differentially expressed genes were detected between Brucella abortus infection group and control group. Furthermore, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, Legionellosis, Spliceosome, Hippo signaling pathway and Influenza A were significantly enriched in response to Brucella abortus infection. Our finding will help to improve the knowledge of the mechanisms underlying Brucella infection and may provide novel targets for future treatment of this pathogen infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Han
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Dong
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Xiaowei Peng
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Jiali Sun
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 102600, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yu Feng
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Jiabo Ding
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Sa Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ashmi M, Kumar B, Sanjana, Abhishek, Kumar D, Singh P. Rapid and Specific Detection of B. melitensis Targeting BMEI1661 Gene Using Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Combined With Lateral Flow immunoassay (LFIA). Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:351. [PMID: 37737317 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03463-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
B. melitensis is the most pathogenic zoonotic species of Brucella transmitted to animals through fetal secretions, placenta, and vaginal discharges of infected animals and humans by ingesting unpasteurized milk, dairy products, and raw meat. Early detection of B. melitensis is essential for timely intervention and control of the disease. The gold standard diagnostic methods, such as culture, are time-consuming and may take several weeks aiding to the disease spread. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay (LAMP) is widely used to detect infectious pathogens. LAMP can be utilized as a rapid point-of-care test, but has lower specificity which can be enhanced by combining this test with lateral flow immunoassay. No point-of-care test is available for detecting Brucella melitensis in clinical samples. Herein, we developed a LAMP coupled with lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for the specific detection of B. melitensis. The sensitivity of LAMP-LFIA was found to be 12.1 fg of genomic DNA isolated from the organism, which is 100-fold more sensitive to conventional PCR and equally sensitive to Real-time (RT-PCR). Moreover, the assay demonstrated high specificity when tested against other Brucella and non-Brucella species. The infective dose of B. melitensis is relatively low for humans, which may remain undetected by conventional PCR, but will be detected using the new technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Ashmi
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Bablu Kumar
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India.
| | - Sanjana
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Abhishek
- Division of Bacteriology & Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Praveen Singh
- Biophysics Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim M, Bae J, Oh B, Rhim H, Yang MS, Yang S, Kim B, Han JI. Surveillance of wild animals carrying infectious agents based on high-throughput screening platform in the Republic of Korea. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:158. [PMID: 37710323 PMCID: PMC10500733 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03714-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious diseases transmitted by wild animals are major threats to public health. This study aimed to investigate the potential of rescued wild animals that died of unknown causes as reservoirs of infectious agents. From 2018 to 2019, 121 dead wild animals (55 birds and 66 mammals) were included in this study. All wild animals died during treatment after anthropogenic events. After deaths of animals, necropsies were performed and trachea, lungs, large intestine (including stool), and spleen were collected to determine causes of deaths. A high-throughput screening (HTS) quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) designed to detect 19 pathogens simultaneously against 48 samples in duplicate was performed using nucleic acids extracted from pooled tissues and peripheral blood samples. If positive, singleplex real-time PCR was performed for individual organs or blood samples. RESULTS The HTS qPCR showed positive results for Campylobacter jejuni (10/121, 8.3%), Campylobacter coli (1/121, 0.8%), Mycoplasma spp. (78/121, 64.5%), and Plasmodium spp. (7/121, 5.7%). Singleplex real-time PCR confirmed that C. jejuni was detected in the large intestine but not in the blood. C. coli was only detected in the large intestine. Mycoplasma spp. were detected in all organs, having the highest proportion in the large intestine and lowest in the blood. Plasmodium spp. was also detected in all organs, with proportions being were similar among organs. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that wild animals can become carriers of infectious agents without showing any clinical symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myeongsu Kim
- Laboratory of Wildlife Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
- Jeonbuk Wildlife Center, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Bae
- Laboratory of Wildlife Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungkwan Oh
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Haerin Rhim
- Laboratory of Wildlife Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
- Jeonbuk Wildlife Center, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeon-Sik Yang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Somyeong Yang
- Laboratory of Wildlife Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ik Han
- Laboratory of Wildlife Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shukla JL, Husain AA, Bhan S, Singh LR, Kashyap RS. Diagnostic utility of LAMP PCR targeting bcsp-31 gene for human brucellosis infection. Indian J Med Microbiol 2023; 44:100354. [PMID: 37356844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human brucellosis is a neglected zoonotic disease of significant public health concern. Molecular diagnosis of brucella remains challenging in low resource settings, due to the high infrastructure and cost involved. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a rapid point of care polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the utility of on-field molecular diagnosis and offers a convenient alternative to conventional PCR. In the present study, we developed and evaluated the diagnostic utility of in house LAMP PCR targeting the Brucella genus-specific bcsp-31 gene in patients having febrile illness. MATERIALS AND METHODS The analytical sensitivity and specificity of bcsp-31 LAMP PCR was first evaluated using brucella (n = 8) and non-brucella cultures (n = 5), along with spiked clinical samples. The overall diagnostic utility of developed LAMP PCR was then further evaluated in 393 human samples suspected of brucellosis. RESULTS The developed LAMP PCR could detect as low as 8 fg of DNA by visual detection within 35min. We report sensitivity and specificity of the developed LAMP PCR as 90.91% and 99.37%.The accuracy of the developed test assay was found to be 98.60%. In clinical samples, LAMP gave positivity of 20% with the concordance of 89% with conventional PCR. CONCLUSION To conclude, a rapid, efficacious, sensitive LAMP PCR targeting the bcsp 31 gene was developed. The existing LAMP PCR can be used as a point of care screening test in various low resource endemic setting in lieu of conventional PCR for estimation of prevalence data, diagnosis and treatment of brucellosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayshree L Shukla
- Research Center, Dr. G.M. Taori Central India Institute of Medical Sciences (CIIMS), 88/2, Bajaj Nagar, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aliabbas A Husain
- Research Center, Dr. G.M. Taori Central India Institute of Medical Sciences (CIIMS), 88/2, Bajaj Nagar, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Surya Bhan
- Deptartment of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Shillong, India
| | - Lokendra R Singh
- Research Center, Dr. G.M. Taori Central India Institute of Medical Sciences (CIIMS), 88/2, Bajaj Nagar, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajpal S Kashyap
- Research Center, Dr. G.M. Taori Central India Institute of Medical Sciences (CIIMS), 88/2, Bajaj Nagar, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Brown VR, Miller RS, Bowden CF, Smyser TJ, Ledesma NA, Hartwig A, Gordy P, Anderson AM, Porter SM, Alexander K, Gouker Z, Gidlewski T, Bowen RA, Bosco-Lauth AM. Disease Progression and Serological Assay Performance in Heritage Breed Pigs following Brucella suis Experimental Challenge as a Model for Naturally Infected Feral Swine. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050638. [PMID: 37242308 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive feral swine (Sus scrofa) are one of the most important wildlife species for disease surveillance in the United States, serving as a reservoir for various diseases of concern for the health of humans and domestic animals. Brucella suis, the causative agent of swine brucellosis, is one such pathogen carried and transmitted by feral swine. Serology assays are the preferred field diagnostic for B. suis infection, as whole blood can be readily collected and antibodies are highly stable. However, serological assays frequently have lower sensitivity and specificity, and few studies have validated serological assays for B. suis in feral swine. We conducted an experimental infection of Ossabaw Island Hogs (a breed re-domesticated from feral animals) as a disease-free proxy for feral swine to (1) improve understanding of bacterial dissemination and antibody response following B. suis infection and (2) evaluate potential changes in the performance of serological diagnostic assays over the course of infection. Animals were inoculated with B. suis and serially euthanized across a 16-week period, with samples collected at the time of euthanasia. The 8% card agglutination test performed best, whereas the fluorescence polarization assay demonstrated no capacity to differentiate true positive from true negative animals. From a disease surveillance perspective, using the 8% card agglutination test in parallel with either the buffered acidified plate antigen test or the Brucella abortus/suis complement fixation test provided the best performance with the highest probability of a positive assay result. Application of these combinations of diagnostic assays for B. suis surveillance among feral swine would improve understanding of spillover risks at the national level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vienna R Brown
- National Feral Swine Damage Management Program, USDA APHIS Wildlife Services, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Ryan S Miller
- Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, USDA APHIS Veterinary Services, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Courtney F Bowden
- National Wildlife Research Center, USDA APHIS Wildlife Services, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Timothy J Smyser
- National Wildlife Research Center, USDA APHIS Wildlife Services, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Nicholas A Ledesma
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, USDA APHIS Veterinary Services, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Airn Hartwig
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Paul Gordy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Aaron M Anderson
- National Wildlife Research Center, USDA APHIS Wildlife Services, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Stephanie M Porter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Kate Alexander
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Zane Gouker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Thomas Gidlewski
- National Wildlife Disease Program, USDA APHIS Wildlife Services, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Richard A Bowen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Angela M Bosco-Lauth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Evaluation of a Real-time PCR in Combination with a Cultivation Method for the Detection of Brucella Abortus in Organs of Infected Cattle in Southern Italy. J Vet Res 2022; 66:559-563. [PMID: 36846044 PMCID: PMC9944991 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2022-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Brucellosis is a widespread zoonosis of great economic importance for livestock farming in many areas of the world. It is a highly infectious disease which is diagnosed using conventional serological and microbiological methods. The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of a specific real-time PCR in combination with broth cultivation in detecting Brucella spp. in organs of infected cattle, in order to compare the sensitivity of the two approaches and the time needed in them until a correct diagnosis is made. Material and Methods We examined 67 organs collected from 10 cattle slaughtered following a brucellosis outbreak which occurred in February 2016 in southern Italy. The research was carried out by enrichment broth cultivations in combination with a real-time PCR every week for six weeks. Results Brucella strains were isolated by cultivation from 44 enrichment broths of organs. All isolates were later identified as Brucella abortus by real-time PCR. Using this method in combination with cultivation made it possible to identify the same percentage of infected animals faster than by cultivation alone. Moreover, the same diagnostic results were obtained, on average two weeks before they would have been using only cultivation. In almost all cases, Brucella was detected by real-time PCR after the first week of cultivation in pre-enrichment Brucella broth, while the bacterial growth was evident usually after 2 or 3 weeks. Conclusion Real-time PCR has allowed results to be obtained faster than in the classical microbiological method, reducing the response times to identify positive animals by half.
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang X, Wang Y, Liu Y, Huang J, Wei X, Tan Q, Zeng X, Ying X, Li S. Rapid, ultrasensitive, and highly specific identification of Brucella abortus utilizing multiple cross displacement amplification combined with a gold nanoparticles-based lateral flow biosensor. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1071928. [PMID: 36523830 PMCID: PMC9744775 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1071928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella abortus (B. abortus) as an important infectious agent of bovine brucellosis cannot be ignored, especially in countries/regions dominated by animal husbandry. Thus, the development of an ultrasensitive and highly specific identification technique is an ideal strategy to control the transmission of bovine brucellosis. In this report, a novel detection protocol, which utilizes multiple cross displacement amplification (MCDA) combined with a gold nanoparticles-based lateral flow biosensor (AuNPs-LFB) targeting the BruAb2_0168 gene was successfully devised and established for the identification of B. abortus (termed B. abortus-MCDA-LFB). Ten specific primers containing engineered C1-FAM (carboxyfluorescein) and D1-biotin primers were designed according to the MCDA reaction mechanism. These genomic DNA extracted from various bacterial strains and whole blood samples were used to optimize and evaluate the B. abortus-MCDA-LFB assay. As a result, the optimal reaction conditions for the B. abortus-MCDA-LFB assay were 66°C for 40 min. The limit of detection of the B. abortus-MCDA-LFB was 10 fg/μl (~3 copies/μl) for genomic DNA extracted from pure cultures of B. abortus isolate. Meanwhile, the B. abortus-MCDA-LFB assay accurately identified all tested B. abortus strains, and there was no cross-reaction with non-B. abortus pathogens. Moreover, the detection workflow of the B. abortus-MCDA-LFB assay for whole blood samples can be completed within 70 min, and the cost of a single test is approximately 5.0 USD. Taken together, the B. abortus-MCDA-LFB assay is a visual, fast, ultrasensitive, low-cost, easy-to-operate, and highly specific detection method, which can be used as a rapid identification tool for B. abortus infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinggui Yang
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease of Experimental Center, Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease of Experimental Center, Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease of Experimental Center, Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Junfei Huang
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease of Experimental Center, Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wei
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease of Experimental Center, Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Qinqin Tan
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease of Experimental Center, Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zeng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xia Ying
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease of Experimental Center, Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shijun Li
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease of Experimental Center, Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ye YB, Yang JH, Li DL, Hao LH, Zhang Z, Mei SY, Zhang H, Du FY, Yv LH, Liu BS, Chen ZL. A specific reverse complement sequence for distinguishing Brucella canis from other Brucella species. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:983482. [DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.983482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine brucellosis is primarily caused by Brucella canis, but other Brucella species can also cause the disease. Identifying sequences specific to B. canis and establishing PCR assays that can distinguish between B. canis and other Brucella species is essential to determine the etiology of canine brucellosis and the source of infection and to achieve effective control. We analyzed the gaps and SNPs of genomes I and II from B. canis strain RM6/66 and B. melitensis strain 16M using the Mauve genome alignment software, and the specificity of each of these differential regions was analyzed by BLAST. A 132 bp specific sequence was found between the DK60_915 (glycosyl hydrolase 108 family protein) and DK60_917 (aldose 1-epimerase) loci in B. canis chromosome 1. Further comparative analysis revealed that this is a reverse complement sequence between B. canis and other Brucella species. Then, three primers were designed based on the sequence that could detect B. canis with a 310 bp amplification product or other Brucella species with a 413 bp product. The PCR based on these primers had reasonable specificity and a sensitivity of 100 copies of Brucella DNA. The detection results for the blood samples of the aborted dogs showed a favorable accordance with the Bruce-ladder multiplex PCR assay. In conclusion, we found a specific reverse complement sequence between B. canis and other Brucella and developed a PCR method that allows a more comprehensive identification of the pathogen involved in canine brucellosis. These findings provide an effective means for preventing and controlling brucellosis.
Collapse
|
13
|
Yao M, Liu M, Chen X, Li J, Li Y, Wei YR, Liu Y, Yang KL, Duan X, Shao W, Sun X, Fan X, Sun S, Tian L, Yin D, Sun M. Comparison of BP26, Omp25 and Omp31 and a Multiepitope-Based Fusion Protein in the Serological Detection of Canine Brucellosis. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:5301-5308. [PMID: 36101776 PMCID: PMC9464451 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s374432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Brucellosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases in the world. Canine brucellosis, caused mainly by Brucella canis, is seriously neglected, and there is a lack of accurate diagnostic tools. Methods In this study, to compare BP26, Omp25, Omp31 and a multiepitope-based fusion protein in the serological detection of canine brucellosis, using 34 brucellosis-positive dog sera and 62 negative control sera, the Brucella outer membrane proteins Omp31, BP26, Omp25 and a multiepitope-based fusion protein were evaluated by iELISA for their potential use as antigens in the serological diagnosis of canine brucellosis. Results The results showed that the multiepitope-based fusion protein performed best in distinguishing brucellosis-positive and brucellosis-negative dog sera, with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 100% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 98.41%. BP26 and Omp31 showed excellent sensitivity in detecting brucellosis-positive dog sera, but their cross reaction to sera infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Listeria monocytogenes may hinder their application as diagnostic reagents. Omp25 lacked sufficient sensitivity and showed limited ability in distinguishing positive and negative dog sera. Conclusion The multiepitope-based fusion protein can be used as an ideal antigen for serologically diagnosing canine brucellosis currently prevalent worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meixue Yao
- Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengda Liu
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Chen
- Yubei Animal Husbandry and Aquatic Products Station, Chongqing, 401120, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Li
- School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agriculture College, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Qingdao Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Run Wei
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Liu
- Yubei Animal Husbandry and Aquatic Products Station, Chongqing, 401120, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Long Yang
- Yubei Animal Husbandry and Aquatic Products Station, Chongqing, 401120, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Duan
- Qingdao Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixing Shao
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangxiang Sun
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxu Fan
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, People's Republic of China
| | - Shufang Sun
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Tian
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, People's Republic of China
| | - Dehui Yin
- Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjun Sun
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kurmanov B, Zincke D, Su W, Hadfield TL, Aikimbayev A, Karibayev T, Berdikulov M, Orynbayev M, Nikolich MP, Blackburn JK. Assays for Identification and Differentiation of Brucella Species: A Review. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081584. [PMID: 36014002 PMCID: PMC9416531 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is one of the most important and widespread bacterial zoonoses worldwide. Cases are reported annually across the range of known infectious species of the genus Brucella. Globally, Brucella melitensis, primarily hosted by domestic sheep and goats, affects large proportions of livestock herds, and frequently spills over into humans. While some species, such as Brucella abortus, are well controlled in livestock in areas of North America, the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem supports the species in native wild ungulates with occasional spillover to livestock. Elsewhere in North America, other Brucella species still infect domestic dogs and feral swine, with some associated human cases. Brucella spp. patterns vary across space globally with B. abortus and B. melitensis the most important for livestock control. A myriad of other species within the genus infect a wide range of marine mammals, wildlife, rodents, and even frogs. Infection in humans from these others varies with geography and bacterial species. Control in humans is primarily achieved through livestock vaccination and culling and requires accurate and rapid species confirmation; vaccination is Brucella spp.-specific and typically targets single livestock species for distribution. Traditional bacteriology methods are slow (some media can take up to 21 days for bacterial growth) and often lack the specificity of molecular techniques. Here, we summarize the molecular techniques for confirming and identifying specific Brucella species and provide recommendations for selecting the appropriate methods based on need, sensitivity, and laboratory capabilities/technology. As vaccination/culling approaches are costly and logistically challenging, proper diagnostics and species identification are critical tools for targeting surveillance and control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berzhan Kurmanov
- Spatial Epidemiology & Ecology Research Lab, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Diansy Zincke
- Spatial Epidemiology & Ecology Research Lab, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Wanwen Su
- Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Ted L. Hadfield
- Spatial Epidemiology & Ecology Research Lab, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Alim Aikimbayev
- Scientific Practical Center for Sanitary Epidemiological Expertise and Monitoring, Ministry of Health, Almaty 050008, Kazakhstan
| | - Talgat Karibayev
- National Reference Veterinary Center, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Maxat Berdikulov
- National Reference Veterinary Center, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Mukhit Orynbayev
- Research Institute for Biological Special Problems, Otar, Zhambyl 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Mikeljon P. Nikolich
- Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Jason K. Blackburn
- Spatial Epidemiology & Ecology Research Lab, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Katsiolis A, Papadopoulos DK, Giantsis IA, Papageorgiou K, Zdragas A, Giadinis ND, Petridou E. Brucella spp. distribution, hosting ruminants from Greece, applying various molecular identification techniques. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:202. [PMID: 35624476 PMCID: PMC9137169 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03295-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brucellosis still remains an endemic disease for both livestock and human in Greece, influencing the primary sector and national economy in general. Although farm animals and particularly ruminants constitute the natural hosts of the disease, transmission to humans is not uncommon, thus representing a serious occupational disease as well. Under this prism, knowledge concerning Brucella species distribution in ruminants is considered a high priority. There are various molecular methodologies for Brucella detection with however differential discriminant capacity. Hence, the aim of this survey was to achieve nationally Brucella epidemiology baseline genotyping data at species and subtype level, as well as to evaluate the pros and cons of different molecular techniques utilized for detection of Brucella species. Thirty-nine tissue samples from 30 domestic ruminants, which were found positive applying a screening PCR, were tested by four different molecular techniques i.e. sequencing of the 16S rRNA, the BP26 and the OMP31 regions, and the MLVA typing panel 1 assay of minisatellite markers. Results Only one haplotype was revealed from the 16S rRNA sequencing analysis, indicating that molecular identification of Brucella bacteria based on this marker might be feasible solely up to genus level. BP26 sequencing analysis and MLVA were in complete agreement detecting both B. melitensis and B. abortus. An interesting exception was observed in 11 samples, of lower quality extracted DNA, in which not all expected MLVA amplicons were produced and identification was based on the remaining ones as well as on BP26. On the contrary OMP31 failed to provide a clear band in any of the examined samples. Conclusions The present study reveals the constant circulation of Brucella bacteria in ruminants throughout Greece. Further, according to our results, BP26 gene represents a very good alternative to MLVA minisatellite assay, particularly in lower quality DNA samples. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03295-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aristomenis Katsiolis
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios K Papadopoulos
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, 53100, Florina, Greece
| | - Ioannis A Giantsis
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, 53100, Florina, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Papageorgiou
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonis Zdragas
- Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DEMETER (former NAGREF), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nektarios D Giadinis
- Clinic of Farm Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evanthia Petridou
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rossetti CA, Maurizio E, Rossi UA. Comparative Review of Brucellosis in Small Domestic Ruminants. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:887671. [PMID: 35647101 PMCID: PMC9133814 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.887671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella melitensis and Brucella ovis are the primary etiological agents of brucellosis in small domestic ruminants. B. melitensis was first isolated in 1887 by David Bruce in Malta Island from spleens of four soldiers, while B. ovis was originally isolated in Australia and New Zealand in early 1950's from ovine abortion and rams epididymitis. Today, both agents are distributed worldwide: B. melitensis remains endemic and associated with an extensive negative impact on the productivity of flocks in -some regions, and B. ovis is still present in most sheep-raising regions in the world. Despite being species of the same bacterial genus, B. melitensis and B. ovis have extensive differences in their cultural and biochemical characteristics (smooth vs. rough colonial phases, serum and CO2 dependence for in vitro growth, carbohydrate metabolism), host preference (female goat and sheep vs. rams), the outcome of infection (abortion vs. epididymitis), and their zoonotic potential. Some of these differences can be explained at the bacterial genomic level, but the role of the host genome in promoting or preventing interaction with pathogens is largely unknown. Diagnostic techniques and measures to prevent and control brucellosis in small ruminants vary, with B. melitensis having more available tools for detection and prevention than B. ovis. This review summarizes and analyzes current available information on: (1) the similarities and differences between these two etiological agents of brucellosis in small ruminants, (2) the outcomes after their interaction with different preferred hosts and current diagnostic methodologies, (3) the prevention and control measures, and (4) alerting animal producers about the disease and raise awareness in the research community for future innovative activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alberto Rossetti
- Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), N. Repetto y de Los Reseros, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Estefanía Maurizio
- Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), N. Repetto y de Los Reseros, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Conicet), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ursula Amaranta Rossi
- Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), N. Repetto y de Los Reseros, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Conicet), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu F, Zhang C, Wang Y, Chen G. A review of the current and emerging detection methods of marine harmful microalgae. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 815:152913. [PMID: 34999066 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the scale and frequency of outbreaks of harmful algal blooms (HABs) have increased year by year due to the intensification of seawater eutrophication and global climate change. HABs have become a global marine ecological and environmental problem, which poses a serious threat to human health, marine ecological security, and economic development. The establishment of detection technology for harmful microalgae is fundamental to the early warning and prevention of HABs. To date, several detection methods have been developed for harmful microalgae, they however lack a unified classification standard. It is difficult to use a reasonable mix of all the developed methods to improve the accuracy of detection results. Here, all of the established detection methods for harmful microalgae were reviewed, including morphological structure-based detection methods, cytochrome-based detection techniques, immunoassays, and nucleic acid-based detection methods. The principles, advantages, and weaknesses of these methods were highlighted. Their application in the detection of harmful microalgae was summarized. Overall, different detection methods are suitable for different purposes. Further development of more accurate, cost-effective, efficient, and rapid detection technology is required in the future. This review is expected to provide a reference for research related to the monitoring of marine environment, early warning of HABs, and the molecular identification of harmful microalgae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuguo Liu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai 264209, PR China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Chunyun Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai 264209, PR China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China.
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Guofu Chen
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai 264209, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Saidu AS, Singh M, Kumar A, Mahajan NK, Mittal D, Chhabra R, Joshi VG, Musallam II, Sadiq U. Studies on intra-ocular vaccination of adult cattle with reduced dose Brucella abortus strain-19 vaccine. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08937. [PMID: 35243062 PMCID: PMC8881662 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella abortus vaccines play a central role in bovine brucellosis control with tremendous success worldwide for decades. The study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of reduced dose (5.0 × 10 9 cfu) of S19 vaccine in adult cattle and its shedding in the milk of vaccinated cattle using molecular techniques. The OIE recommended tests (RBPT, SAT, and iELISA) for brucellosis screening in cattle were used. Seronegative cattle (n = 90) of different age groups (young, old heifers & milking cows, n = 30 each) were selected for the vaccine trials. Antibody titers were recorded at 7th, 21st, 30th, 60th, 90th and 120th days post-vaccination (DPV) to monitor the immune responses following vaccination and at 150th, 180th, 210th and 240th DPB following booster-dose to an intraocular group. The humoral immune responses observed by RBPT and ELISA, proved that antibody titers persisted in s/c group compared to the i/o group in all categories. The IFN-γ stimulation (CMI) due to reduced dose vaccination was noticed early as 30th in all groups and declined after 90th DPV, with higher IFN-γ stimulation among the s/c group. The Bcsp31 and IS711 targeted PCR detected the presence of Brucella DNA in milk samples (n = 120) from the vaccinated cows (n = 30) and confirmed by qPCR (TaqMan assay) at 30th, 60th, 90th and 120th DPV. A Significant number, 70% (7/10) was detected in s/c by qPCR. BCSP31 sequence was deposited at NCBI GenBank (accession no. MK881173-6). PCR and qPCR techniques could provide a reliable diagnosis of brucellosis from milk. The intraocular route remains the safer route for vaccinating adult cattle than subcutaneous.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A S Saidu
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India.,Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B., 1069, Maiduguri, 600230, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Mahavir Singh
- College Central Laboratory, College of Veterinary Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Aman Kumar
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India
| | - N K Mahajan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Dinesh Mittal
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Rajesh Chhabra
- College Central Laboratory, College of Veterinary Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Vinay G Joshi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Imadidden I Musallam
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, AL9 7TA, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Usman Sadiq
- Northwick Park Hospital, Radiology Department, Watford Road, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yang X, Wang Y, Liu Y, Huang J, Tan Q, Ying X, Hu Y, Li S. A Label-Based Polymer Nanoparticles Biosensor Combined with Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for Rapid, Sensitive, and Highly Specific Identification of Brucella abortus. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:758564. [PMID: 34869267 PMCID: PMC8636779 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.758564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella abortus (B. abortus), an important zoonotic pathogen in Brucella spp., is the major causative agent of abortion in cattle (namely, bovine brucellosis). Currently, although the isolation and identification of the Brucella abortus were commonly accepted as the gold standard method, it cannot meet the requirements for early diagnostic strategies. Conventional PCR techniques and immunological tests can realize rapid detection of B. abortus, but the demands for PCR thermal cyclers and/or specific antibodies hinder their application in basic laboratories. Thus, rapid, sensitive, and specific diagnostic strategies are essential to prevent and control the spread of the bovine brucellosis. In this work, a novel detection method for the rapid identification of B. abortus, which uses loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) combined with a label-based polymer nanoparticles lateral flow immunoassay biosensor (LFIA), was established. One set of specific B. abortus-LAMP primers targeting the BruAb2_0168 gene was designed by the online LAMP primer design tool. The B. abortus-LAMP-LFIA assay was optimized and evaluated using various pathogens and whole blood samples. The optimal amplification temperature and time for B. abortus-LAMP-LFIA were determined to be 65°C and 50 min, respectively. The B. abortus-LAMP-LFIA method limit of detection (LoD) was 100 fg per reaction for pure genomic DNA of B. abortus. Meanwhile, the detection specificity was 100%, and there was no cross-reactivity for other Brucella members and non-Brucella strains. Furthermore, the entire procedure, including the DNA preparation for whole blood samples (30 min), isothermal incubation (50 min), and LFIA detection (2–5 min), can be completed in approximately 85 min. Thus, the B. abortus-LAMP-LFIA assay developed was a simple, rapid, sensitive, and reliable detection technique, which can be used as a screening and/or diagnostic tool for B. abortus in the field and basic laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinggui Yang
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China.,School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Junfei Huang
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Qinqin Tan
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China.,School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xia Ying
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China.,School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yong Hu
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shijun Li
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China.,School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Galluzzo P, Migliore S, Cascio S, Barreca S, Alfano M, Tagliarini A, Candela A, Piraino C, Galuppo L, Condorelli L, Hussein HA, Tittarelli M, Chiarenza G. Diagnostic Findings in a Confirmed Outbreak of Brucella ovis Infection in a Traditional Sheep Farm in Sicily (South-Italy). Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111472. [PMID: 34832627 PMCID: PMC8618822 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of this study is to report a laboratory investigation performed following the isolation of Brucella ovis, causing ovine epididymitis, in a traditional sheep farm in Sicily (South Italy). This disease represents a newly emerging risk for Italian livestock and is listed among diseases of EU priority (EU Reg 2016/429). Blood samples from 56 rams and 143 ewes were analyzed by both Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Complement Fixation Test (CFT). Genital swabs from all rams and 15 lactating ewes were collected to perform real-time PCR. Eighteen serologically positive rams were slaughtered and postmortem-inspected. Samples of testicle, epididymis, lymph nodes, and urine were also collected in order to perform microbiological, molecular, and histopathological analysis. Twelve slaughtered rams showed anatomo-pathological lesions. Real-time PCR for B. ovis BOV_A0504 gene was positive for 13 testicles and epididymis and 11 urine while B. ovis was isolated from epididymis and testicles of 7 slaughtered rams. This is the first exhaustive laboratory report of a microbiological, molecular, and serological pattern of the disease in sheep in Italy. Despite the impact on health and animal welfare, the epidemiology of B. ovis infection is still unknown, particularly in our country where the disease is considered endemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Galluzzo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (P.G.); (S.B.); (M.A.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (L.C.); (H.A.H.); (G.C.)
- Dipartimento Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Sergio Migliore
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (P.G.); (S.B.); (M.A.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (L.C.); (H.A.H.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Silvana Cascio
- Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Trapani, 91100 Trapani, Italy;
| | - Santino Barreca
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (P.G.); (S.B.); (M.A.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (L.C.); (H.A.H.); (G.C.)
| | - Marilena Alfano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (P.G.); (S.B.); (M.A.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (L.C.); (H.A.H.); (G.C.)
| | - Antonina Tagliarini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (P.G.); (S.B.); (M.A.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (L.C.); (H.A.H.); (G.C.)
| | - Anna Candela
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (P.G.); (S.B.); (M.A.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (L.C.); (H.A.H.); (G.C.)
| | - Chiara Piraino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (P.G.); (S.B.); (M.A.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (L.C.); (H.A.H.); (G.C.)
| | - Lucia Galuppo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (P.G.); (S.B.); (M.A.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (L.C.); (H.A.H.); (G.C.)
| | - Lucia Condorelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (P.G.); (S.B.); (M.A.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (L.C.); (H.A.H.); (G.C.)
| | - Hany A. Hussein
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (P.G.); (S.B.); (M.A.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (L.C.); (H.A.H.); (G.C.)
| | - Manuela Tittarelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Giuseppina Chiarenza
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (P.G.); (S.B.); (M.A.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (L.C.); (H.A.H.); (G.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Genetic Evidence of the Black Death in the Abbey of San Leonardo (Apulia Region, Italy): Tracing the Cause of Death in Two Individuals Buried with Coins. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111354. [PMID: 34832510 PMCID: PMC8619915 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Abbey of San Leonardo in Siponto (Apulia, Southern Italy) was an important religious and medical center during the Middle Ages. It was a crossroads for pilgrims heading along the Via Francigena to the Sanctuary of Monte Sant’Angelo and for merchants passing through the harbor of Manfredonia. A recent excavation of Soprintendenza Archeologica della Puglia investigated a portion of the related cemetery, confirming its chronology to be between the end of the 13th and beginning of the 14th century. Two single graves preserved individuals accompanied by numerous coins dating back to the 14th century, hidden in clothes and in a bag tied to the waist. The human remains of the individuals were analyzed in the Laboratorio di Antropologia Fisica of Soprintendenza ABAP della città metropolitana di Bari. Three teeth from each individual were collected and sent to the Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata to study infectious diseases such as malaria, plague, tuberculosis, epidemic typhus and Maltese fever (Brucellosis), potentially related to the lack of inspection of the bodies during burial procedures. DNA extracted from six collected teeth and two additional unrelated human teeth (negative controls) were analyzed using PCR to verify the presence of human DNA (β-globulin) and of pathogens such as Plasmodium spp., Yersinia pestis, Mycobacterium spp., Rickettsia spp. and Brucella spp. The nucleotide sequence of the amplicon was determined to confirm the results. Human DNA was successfully amplified from all eight dental extracts and two different genes of Y. pestis were amplified and sequenced in 4 out of the 6 teeth. Molecular analyses ascertained that the individuals buried in San Leonardo were victims of the Black Death (1347–1353) and the data confirmed the lack of inspection of the corpses despite the presence of numerous coins. This study represents molecular evidence, for the first time, of Southern Italy’s involvement in the second wave of the plague pandemic.
Collapse
|
22
|
Ashmi M, Kumar B, Agrawal RK, Prakash C, Abhishek, Singh KP. Development of BruAb2_0168 based isothermal Polymerase Spiral Reaction assay for specific detection of Brucella abortus in clinical samples. Mol Cell Probes 2021; 59:101761. [PMID: 34400303 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2021.101761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bovine brucellosis, predominantly caused by Brucella abortus is one of the most neglected zoonotic diseases causing severe economic losses in the dairy industry. The early and precise diagnosis of the disease is required to reduce the transmission of infection in humans as well as animals. In the current study, a rapid and novel isothermal amplification-based polymerase spiral reaction (PSR) was developed for the specific detection of Brucella abortus by targeting the BruAb2_0168 gene. The assay could be conducted at 65 °C in a water bath and results can be obtained after 60 min. The detection limit of the PSR assay was found to be 1.33fg. The sensitivity of the assay was found to be 104 fold higher than conventional PCR and equivalent to real-time PCR (RT-PCR). The assay didn't exhibit cross-reaction with selected pathogenic non-Brucella bacteria and Brucella spp. other than B. abortus. Forty clinical samples were also tested using this novel assay and it was able to detect 25 samples as positive, however, conventional PCR could detect the targeted organism in 22 samples only. To the extent of our knowledge, this is the first report towards the development of a PSR assay for specific detection of B. abortus. The assay can be used as a quick, sensitive and accurate test for the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis in the field setting. Relatively one of the paradigm-shifting aspects of this assay would be it does not require any expensive equipment and the results can be easily visualized by the unaided eye, therefore making PSR a valuable diagnostic tool in field conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Ashmi
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Bablu Kumar
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India.
| | - Ravi Kant Agrawal
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Chandan Prakash
- Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Abhishek
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Santos RL, Souza TD, Mol JPS, Eckstein C, Paíxão TA. Canine Brucellosis: An Update. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:594291. [PMID: 33738302 PMCID: PMC7962550 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.594291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine brucellosis is an infectious and zoonotic disease caused by Brucella canis, which has been reported worldwide, and is a major public health concern due to close contact between dogs and humans. In dogs, canine brucellosis manifests with abortion outbreaks, reproductive failure, enlargement of lymph nodes, and occasionally affects the osteoarticular system, although the occurrence of asymptomatic infections in dogs are not uncommon. In humans, the disease is associated with a febrile syndrome, commonly with non-specific symptoms including splenomegaly, fatigue, and weakness. Infection of dogs occurs mostly by the oronasal route when in contact with contaminated tissues such as aborted fetuses, semen, urine, and vaginal secretions. In humans, contact with contaminated fluids from infected dogs is an important source of infection, and it is an occupational risk for veterinarians, breeders, laboratory workers, among other professionals who deal with infected animals or biological samples. The diagnosis in dogs is largely based on serologic methods. However, serologic diagnosis of canine brucellosis remains very challenging due to the low accuracy of available tests. Molecular diagnostic methods have been increasingly used in the past few years. Treatment of infected dogs is associated with a high frequency of relapse, and should be employed only in selected cases. Currently there are no commercially available vaccines for prevention of canine brucellosis. Therefore, development of novel and improved diagnostic methods as well as the development of efficacious and safe vaccination protocols are needed for an effective control of canine brucellosis and its associated zoonotic risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renato L Santos
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tayse D Souza
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana P S Mol
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Camila Eckstein
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tatiane A Paíxão
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Camargo-Castañeda AM, Stranahan LW, Edwards JF, Garcia-Gonzalez DG, Roa L, Avila-Granados LM, Hensel ME, Arenas-Gamboa AM. Characterization of epididymal and testicular histologic lesions and use of immunohistochemistry and PCR on formalin-fixed tissues to detect Brucella canis in male dogs. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 33:352-356. [PMID: 33468036 PMCID: PMC7953107 DOI: 10.1177/1040638720986883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In male dogs, Brucella canis frequently causes epididymitis, ultimately resulting in testicular atrophy and infertility. Although B. canis predominantly affects the epididymis, the misleading term "orchitis" is still commonly used by clinicians. Of additional concern, diagnosis in dogs remains challenging because of variable sensitivity and specificity of serologic assays and fluctuations in bacteremia levels in infected dogs, reducing the sensitivity of blood culture. We describe here the histologic lesions in the scrotal contents of 8 dogs suspected of being infected with B. canis and clinically diagnosed with orchitis. We explored the possibility of using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and real-time PCR (rtPCR) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues to detect the presence of B. canis. Epididymitis of variable chronicity was identified in all 8 dogs, with only 3 also exhibiting orchitis. Using rtPCR, the presence of B. canis was identified in 4 of 8 dogs, with 3 of these 4 dogs also positive by IHC. These results suggest that rtPCR and IHC are promising techniques that can be used in FFPE tissues to detect B. canis when other detection techniques are unavailable. Additionally, accurate recognition of epididymitis rather than orchitis in suspect cases could aid in accurate diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M. Camargo-Castañeda
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Applied and Environmental Sciences (UDCA), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lauren W. Stranahan
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - John F. Edwards
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Daniel G. Garcia-Gonzalez
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Leonardo Roa
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Applied and Environmental Sciences (UDCA), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lisa M. Avila-Granados
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
- Department of Animal Health, National University of Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Martha E. Hensel
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Angela M. Arenas-Gamboa
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Complete Genome Sequences of Four Brucella suis Strains Isolated from Swiss Wild Boars. Microbiol Resour Announc 2020; 9:9/49/e01048-20. [PMID: 33272990 PMCID: PMC7714844 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01048-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the complete genomes of four Brucella suis biovar 2 isolates that were obtained from wild boars in Switzerland in 2008 and 2009. Genomes were sequenced with PacBio technology, contained two chromosomes each, had a genome size of 3.3 Mbp, and contained more than 3,225 genes per genome. We present the complete genomes of four Brucella suis biovar 2 isolates that were obtained from wild boars in Switzerland in 2008 and 2009. Genomes were sequenced with PacBio technology, contained two chromosomes each, had a genome size of 3.3 Mbp, and contained more than 3,225 genes per genome.
Collapse
|
26
|
Development of a Genus-Specific Brucella Real-Time PCR Assay Targeting the 16S-23S rDNA Internal Transcribed Spacer from Different Specimen Types. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7040175. [PMID: 33187050 PMCID: PMC7712849 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7040175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a 16S-23S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid internal transcribed spacer (ITS) quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay for the early diagnosis and rapid screening of brucellosis. Blood, milk, and tissue samples were spiked with B. abortus biovar 1 (B01988-18 strain) to determine the analytical sensitivity and specificity of the assay. The 95% limit of detection of the ITS qPCR assay was highest in tissue, followed by blood, then milk, i.e., 0.48, 4.43, and 15.18 bacteria/PCR reaction, respectively. The diagnostic performance of the assay was compared to the Brucella cell surface protein (BCSP) 31 qPCR assay and bacterial culture. Out of 56 aborted foetal tissue samples from bovine, ovine, and caprine, 33% (19/56) were positive for Brucella spp. The sensitivity and specificity of the ITS qPCR assay was 87% and 95% respectively, compared to 92% and 89% for the BCSP31 qPCR assay and 47% and 55% for bacterial culture, respectively. The assay was efficient, sensitive, and specific, making it a valuable tool in the early detection of the Brucella pathogen.
Collapse
|
27
|
Zamanian M, Jahani E, Mahmoudi H. Multiplex PCR Assay for the Simultaneous Detection of the Brucella Genus in Human Whole Blood and Serum. Open Microbiol J 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1874434602014010242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Brucellosis disease is a serious zoonosis worldwide and only 17 countries have been recognized as free of brucellosis. The World Health Organization has reported that the incidence of brucellosis is 500,000 cases in a year. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an ideal method for the identification of brucellosis. The most common primers for the diagnosis of Brucella include B4/B5 and F4/R2. The advantages of multiplex PCR include targeting multiple sequences at the same time, and multiple results are produced in a single test run which saves time and the reagents simultaneously. The purpose of this investigation was to extend and optimize a multiplex PCR for the identification of genus Brucella from serum and whole blood samples.
Methods:
In this experimental and sectional study, blood samples of 25 suspected patients in the acute phase of brucellosis with serum titers higher than 1:80 were collected. Two pairs of specific primers of B4 and B5 the specific gene was amplified. PCR and Multiplex PCR were performed on blood and serum samples.
Results:
Among 25 blood samples, 15 cases (60%) and 9 cases (36%) and among 25 serum samples, 23 cases (92%) and 13 cases (52%) were positive for B4/B5 and F4/R2 in PCR, respectively. In multiplex PCR, among 25 blood samples, 5 cases (20%) showed both bands, 11 cases (44%) showed band 222bp, 4 cases (16%) showed band 905bp and 5 cases (20%) showed no bands. Among 25 serum samples, 6 cases (24%) showed both bands, 15 cases (60%) showed band 222bp, 3 cases (12%) showed band 905bp and 1 case (4%) showed no bands.
Conclusion:
The results of this study show that this multiplex PCR can be used for the diagnosis of brucellosis with high sensitivity in clinical laboratories routinely and it can serve as an alternative substitution for risky culture method and nonspecific serological methods.
Collapse
|
28
|
Sun M, Liu M, Zhang X, Zhang G, Zhu L, Ding J, Zhang Z, Sun S, Sun S, Shao W, Zhang P, Zhang J, Sun X, Fan X, Wei R. First identification of a Brucella abortus biovar 4 strain from yak in Tibet, China. Vet Microbiol 2020; 247:108751. [PMID: 32768205 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is one of the major zoonotic diseases in the world. In China, understanding on its causative agent Brucella is still limited. Recently, we isolated a Brucella strain XZ19-1 from yak in Lhasa, Tibet. Phenotypical characterization proved that it belongs to B. abortus biovar 4, a biotype that has never been reported in China. MLVA-16 genotyping revealed a novel profile (4-5-3-12-2-2-3-3-8-32-8-5-4-3-3-3) in this strain, while MLST sequence typing demonstrated that it belongs to ST 71. Furthermore, the whole genome of XZ19-1 strain was sequenced. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that XZ19-1was genetically more closely related to B. abortus strains originated from European countries rather than to those collected from China previously. Isolation and identification of XZ19-1 strain may thus indicate a unique Brucella lineage existing in Qing-Tibet plateau. These findings will help to improve the diagnosis and epidemiological studies of brucellosis in animals and human in this part of China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Sun
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, National Animal Brucellosis Specialized Laboratory, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, China
| | - Mengda Liu
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, National Animal Brucellosis Specialized Laboratory, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, China
| | - Xiyue Zhang
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, National Animal Brucellosis Specialized Laboratory, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- National/OIE Animal Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Liangquan Zhu
- National/OIE Animal Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiabo Ding
- National/OIE Animal Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhang
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, National Animal Brucellosis Specialized Laboratory, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, China
| | - Shixiong Sun
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, National Animal Brucellosis Specialized Laboratory, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, China
| | - Shufang Sun
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, National Animal Brucellosis Specialized Laboratory, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, China
| | - Weixing Shao
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, National Animal Brucellosis Specialized Laboratory, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, National Animal Brucellosis Specialized Laboratory, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, China
| | - Jiandong Zhang
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, National Animal Brucellosis Specialized Laboratory, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, China
| | - Xiangxiang Sun
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, National Animal Brucellosis Specialized Laboratory, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, China.
| | - Xuezheng Fan
- National/OIE Animal Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Rong Wei
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, National Animal Brucellosis Specialized Laboratory, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jamil T, Melzer F, Saqib M, Shahzad A, Khan Kasi K, Hammad Hussain M, Rashid I, Tahir U, Khan I, Haleem Tayyab M, Ullah S, Mohsin M, Mansoor MK, Schwarz S, Neubauer H. Serological and Molecular Detection of Bovine Brucellosis at Institutional Livestock Farms in Punjab, Pakistan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1412. [PMID: 32098207 PMCID: PMC7068318 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bovine brucellosis remains a persistent infection in ruminants in Pakistan. A total of 828 (409 buffaloes and 419 cattle) sera were collected from 11 institutional-owned livestock farms in Punjab, Pakistan. The samples were tested by rose bengal plate agglutination test (RBPT) and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). The seroprevalence along with 95% confidence interval (CI) was determined. Univariable and multivariable analysis of the epidemiological background data was conducted and odds ratio (OR) was calculated to understand any association between the risk factors and the seroprevalence. An overall seroprevalence of 3.9% (Positive/Tested = 32/828) and 3.3% (27/828) was detected by RBPT and iELISA, respectively. The seroprevalence of 5.6% (CI 3.6-8.3) and 4.7%, (CI 2.8-7.2) and the odds ratio of 2.63 (CI 1.20-5.77) and 2.50 (CI 1.08-5.78) for testing positive by RBPT and iELISA, respectively were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in buffaloes than in cattle. Breed, sex, history of abortion and retention of fetal membranes (RFM) in the animals were not found statistically significantly associated with the infection. RBPT and iELISA based results agreed almost perfect (k = 0.877). In total, Brucella abortus-DNA (9/27) was amplified from seropositive samples by real-time polymerase chain reaction. This study identified for the first time the etiological agents of brucellosis at a molecular level at institutional-owned livestock farms in Pakistan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Jamil
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (F.M.); (H.N.)
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Falk Melzer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (F.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Muhammad Saqib
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.S.); (I.R.); (M.H.T.); (S.U.)
| | - Asim Shahzad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Khushal Khan Kasi
- Disease Investigation Laboratory, Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Government of Baluchistan, Quetta 87300, Pakistan;
- Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | | | - Imaad Rashid
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.S.); (I.R.); (M.H.T.); (S.U.)
| | - Usman Tahir
- Livestock and Dairy Development, Government of Punjab, Lahore 54100, Pakistan;
| | - Iahtasham Khan
- Section of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, sub-campus Jhang, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Haleem Tayyab
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.S.); (I.R.); (M.H.T.); (S.U.)
| | - Sami Ullah
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.S.); (I.R.); (M.H.T.); (S.U.)
| | - Mashkoor Mohsin
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Khalid Mansoor
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (F.M.); (H.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Trotta A, Marinaro M, Cirilli M, Sposato A, Adone R, Beverelli M, Buonavoglia D, Corrente M. Brucella melitensis B115-based ELISA to unravel false positive serologic reactions in bovine brucellosis: a field study. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:50. [PMID: 32046738 PMCID: PMC7011277 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02278-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brucellosis is a zoonosis whose incidence is not declining worldwide despite the global effort to control the disease. Accurate and precise diagnosis is a crucial step in any prophylaxis program but single tests to unequivocally detect animals infected with Brucella spp. are currently unavailable. In Italy, serological diagnosis of bovine brucellosis is performed with two official tests: a rapid agglutination test (i.e., Rose Bengal Plate test, RBPT) and a complement fixation test (CFT) that detect antibodies directed mainly to the smooth lipopolysaccharide (S-LPS). Neither of the two tests is able to avoid the detection of false positive serological reactions (FPSRs) caused by bacteria sharing S-LPS components with Brucella spp. and responsible for the single reactors (SR) phenomenon. A B. melitensis R strain-based ELISA showed a good diagnostic performance in unravelling FP animals; however, since a limited number of animals were analyzed in that study, a large field study was conducted here to discriminate between Brucella-infected from FP animals, with the final aim of reducing the unnecessary slaughter of the latter. An ELISA based on a R strain of Brucella, i.e., Brucella melitensis B115, was employed to measure specific IgG responses in a collection of bovine sera (n = 648). Sera were obtained from 180 farms (either officially brucellosis-free or not brucellosis-free) recruited during an extended period of time (2014–2018) and were preliminarily assayed with the official tests by the Italian Reference Centers and then subjected to the ELISA. Results Negative sera, when subjected to the ELISA, gave O.D. values below the cutoff; SR sera, i.e. RBPT positive and CFT negative, as well as double positive (DP) sera, i.e. RBPT and CFT positive, gave O.D. values that were below the cutoff. All positive sera, i.e. from Brucella-infected animals, were RBPT positive and CFT positive (ICFTU ranging from 20 to 1280) and gave ELISA O.D. values above the cutoff. Conclusions The B. melitensis B115-based ELISA systematically unravelled all false positive (FP) sera while confirming the diagnosis in Brucella-infected animals. Thus, the test employed in the present study may complement the official assays to avoid the costly slaughter of FP animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Trotta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Str. Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, BA, Italy.
| | - Mariarosaria Marinaro
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Margie Cirilli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Str. Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - Alessio Sposato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Str. Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - Rosanna Adone
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Beverelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata (IZSPB), Sezione di Putignano, Contrada San Pietro Piturno, 70017, Putignano, BA, Italy
| | - Domenico Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Str. Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - Marialaura Corrente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Str. Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, BA, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mackie JT, Blyde D, Harris L, Roe WD, Keyburn AL. Brucellosis associated with stillbirth in a bottlenose dolphin in Australia. Aust Vet J 2020; 98:92-95. [PMID: 32030727 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A captive adult female bottlenose dolphin presented with stillbirth. The placenta appeared oedematous. No other gross lesions were evident in the placenta or the stillborn calf. Histopathology revealed mild multifocal placentitis and foetal encephalitis. Brucella sp. was isolated from lung, liver, spleen and kidney. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated this organism to be most similar to Brucella ceti sequence type (ST) 27. Brucella sp. DNA was detected in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded placenta and brain by real-time PCR using primers targeting the IS711 gene. Immunohistochemical staining revealed Brucella sp. antigen in placental inflammation. This is the first report of isolation of Brucella sp. from a marine mammal in the Southern Hemisphere and the first report of marine Brucella-associated disease in Australia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J T Mackie
- QML Vetnostics, Murarrie, Queensland, Australia
| | - D Blyde
- Sea World, Main Beach, Queensland, Australia
| | - L Harris
- QML Vetnostics, Murarrie, Queensland, Australia
| | - W D Roe
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - A L Keyburn
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Dougas G, Tsakris A, Beleri S, Patsoula E, Billinis C, Papaparaskevas J. Evidence of Brucella melitensis DNA in the Microbiome of Ctenocephalides felis from Pet Cats in Greece. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2020; 20:390-392. [PMID: 31905103 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2019.2510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) are the most prevalent ectoparasites of pet animals with cosmopolitan distribution, obligatory hematophagous, and may prey on humans to receive bloodmeals. We studied the microbiota of 100 flea-pools, containing C. felis, and collected from equal number of cats and dogs in the region of Attica, Greece, including Athens. The 16S metagenomics technique detected Brucella spp. nucleotide sequence that was identified as Brucella melitensis DNA by a real-time PCR, in five flea-pools, corresponding to five cats, one owned and the remaining four stray, residing in semiurban and urban areas, respectively. No definite conclusions can be drawn as to the pathway that led to the presence of B. melitensis in common fleas parasitizing cats. We suspect flea or cat contact with wild rodents, ubiquitous in various environments, which participate in the B. melitensis biology. The proximity of the cats and their fleas with humans and previous observations of flea potential to transmit B. melitensis in laboratory animals warrant a more elaborate research as to the vectorial dynamics, the ecological pathways resulting in pathogen carriage, and the risk for public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Dougas
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,National Public Health Organization (NPHO), Athens, Greece
| | - Athanassios Tsakris
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stavroula Beleri
- Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Patsoula
- Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalambos Billinis
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Joseph Papaparaskevas
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Esquible JA, Burek-Huntington K, Atkinson S, Klink AC, Bortz E, Goldstein TA, Beckmen K, Pabilonia K, Tiller R. Pathological findings and survey for pathogens associated with reproductive failure in perinatal Steller sea lions Eumetopias jubatus. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2019; 137:131-144. [PMID: 31854331 DOI: 10.3354/dao03421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Steller sea lions (SSLs) Eumetopias jubatus experienced a population decline in the 1960s, leading to the listing of the western stock as endangered and the eastern stock as threatened under the US Endangered Species Act. A decrease of births in the western stock beginning in the late 1960s indicates that reproductive failure may have contributed to the decline. We evaluated the role pathogens play in spontaneous abortions, premature births and neonatal deaths in SSLs. Archived tissues from carcasses (n = 19) collected in Alaska from 2002 to 2015 were tested by PCR for Coxiella burnetii, Brucella spp., Chlamydia and morbilliviruses. Animals examined included 47% premature pups, 32% aborted fetuses, 11% neonates and 11% intrauterine fetuses. Gross necropsy and histology findings were summarized in the context of the PCR findings. Tissues were negative for Chlamydia and C. burnetii. Brucella spp. were detected in the lung tissues of 3 animals, including 1 positive for the ST27 strain, the first detection of Brucella spp. DNA in SSLs. Phocine distemper virus was detected in 3 animals in 2 skin lesions and 1 placenta by hemi-nested diagnostic qRT-PCR. Both skin and the placental lesions had vesiculoulcerative changes, and 1 skin lesion contained inclusion bodies in syncytia and upon histologic examination, suggesting that the lesions may be associated with an infection reminiscent of phocine distemper virus, the first in SSLs. We highlight the continuing need for disease surveillance programs to improve our understanding of the prevalence and potential population impacts of these infectious disease agents for pinnipeds in Alaskan waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Esquible
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 107 Alex Hately, Bethel, AK 99559, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Khan AU, Shell WS, Melzer F, Sayour AE, Ramadan ES, Elschner MC, Moawad AA, Roesler U, Neubauer H, El-Adawy H. Identification, Genotyping and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Brucella spp. Isolated from Livestock in Egypt. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7120603. [PMID: 31766725 PMCID: PMC6955977 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonosis worldwide with economic and public health impacts. The aim of the present study was to identify Brucella (B.) spp. isolated from animal populations located in different districts of Egypt and to determine their antimicrobial resistance. In total, 34-suspected Brucella isolates were recovered from lymph nodes, milk, and fetal abomasal contents of infected cattle, buffaloes, sheep, and goats from nine districts in Egypt. The isolates were identified by microbiological methods and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Differentiation and genotyping were confirmed using multiplex PCR for B. abortus, Brucella melitensis, Brucella ovis, and Brucella suis (AMOS) and Bruce-ladder PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing against clinically used antimicrobial agents (chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, imipenem, rifampicin, streptomycin, and tetracycline) was performed using E-Test. The antimicrobial resistance-associated genes and mutations in Brucella isolates were confirmed using molecular tools. In total, 29 Brucella isolates (eight B. abortus biovar 1 and 21 B. melitensis biovar 3) were identified and typed. The resistance of B. melitensis to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, imipenem, rifampicin, and streptomycin were 76.2%, 19.0%, 76.2%, 66.7%, and 4.8%, respectively. Whereas, 25.0%, 87.5%, 25.0%, and 37.5% of B. abortus were resistant to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, imipenem, and rifampicin, respectively. Mutations in the rpoB gene associated with rifampicin resistance were identified in all phenotypically resistant isolates. Mutations in gyrA and gyrB genes associated with ciprofloxacin resistance were identified in four phenotypically resistant isolates of B. melitensis. This is the first study highlighting the antimicrobial resistance in Brucella isolated from different animal species in Egypt. Mutations detected in genes associated with antimicrobial resistance unravel the molecular mechanisms of resistance in Brucella isolates from Egypt. The mutations in the rpoB gene in phenotypically resistant B. abortus isolates in this study were reported for the first time in Egypt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aman Ullah Khan
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.U.K.); (F.M.); (M.C.E.); (A.A.M.); (H.N.)
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Free University of Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 35200 Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Waleed S. Shell
- Central Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, Agricultural Research Center, 11517 Abbasaia-Cairo, Egypt;
| | - Falk Melzer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.U.K.); (F.M.); (M.C.E.); (A.A.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Ashraf E. Sayour
- Department of Brucellosis, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 12618 Dokki-Giza, Egypt;
| | - Eman Shawkat Ramadan
- Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 12556 Al Ahram-Giza, Egypt;
| | - Mandy C. Elschner
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.U.K.); (F.M.); (M.C.E.); (A.A.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Amira A. Moawad
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.U.K.); (F.M.); (M.C.E.); (A.A.M.); (H.N.)
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Free University of Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
- Provincial Laboratory, Institute of Animal Health Research, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Free University of Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.U.K.); (F.M.); (M.C.E.); (A.A.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Hosny El-Adawy
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.U.K.); (F.M.); (M.C.E.); (A.A.M.); (H.N.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr Elsheikh University, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Khodabakhshi B, Abbasi A, Torabi Rostami M, Joshaghani HR, Roshandel G. Comparison of Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) and Agglutination Assays in Diagnosis of Brucellosis in Golestan Province, North of Iran. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2019. [DOI: 10.29252/jommid.7.4.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
|
36
|
CLINICOPATHOLOGIC FEATURES OF INFECTION WITH NOVEL BRUCELLA ORGANISMS IN CAPTIVE WAXY TREE FROGS ( PHYLLOMEDUSA SAUVAGII) AND COLORADO RIVER TOADS ( INCILIUS ALVARIUS). J Zoo Wildl Med 2019. [PMID: 29517430 DOI: 10.1638/2017-0026r1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel and distinct Brucella strains were recovered from 5 of 10 adult, sex undetermined, captive waxy tree frogs ( Phyllomedusa sauvagii) and two of five adult, sex undetermined, captive Colorado river toads ( Incilius alvarius) held in a zoologic collection with clinical and pathologic findings of bacterial disease. These amphibians originated from three separate private breeding facilities over several years and exhibited disease 9-49 mo following release from quarantine. Common presenting signs were vague but included focal abscessation, weight loss, change in coloration, anorexia, and decreased perching. Two waxy tree frogs and one Colorado river toad recovered with supportive care and antimicrobial treatment based on susceptibility testing. Microgranulomatosis, subcutaneous and renal abscessation, femoral osteomyelitis, and multicentric infection were the most common histologic findings. The organisms were identified antemortem in samples from subcutaneous abscesses, cloaca, and skin and from a variety of organ systems postmortem, and demonstrated a consistent susceptibility pattern. Initial isolates were misidentified as Ochrobactrum anthropi. Polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene identified the two organisms as novel Brucella strains similar to Brucella inopinata-like sp. and other novel organisms within the emerging "BO clade." Brucella strain oaks (isolated from waxy tree frogs) and Brucella strain leathers (isolated from Colorado river toads) differed from each other by 16 of 571 base pairs in a region of chromosome 2, and did not closely match any previous GenBank entries. This report describes the clinicopathologic features of infection by these bacteria in two amphibian species and expands the range of novel Brucella organisms from amphibian reservoirs.
Collapse
|
37
|
PARTIAL PROTECTION IN BALB/C HOUSE MICE ( MUS MUSCULUS) AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN ELK ( CERVUS CANADENSIS) AFTER VACCINATION WITH A KILLED, MUCOSALLY DELIVERED BRUCELLA ABORTUS VACCINE. J Wildl Dis 2019. [PMID: 31009310 DOI: 10.7589/2018-08-190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis, caused by Brucella abortus, has been eliminated from livestock in the US. Remaining wildlife reservoirs are the bison (Bison bison) and elk (Cervus canadensis) populations in Yellowstone National Park and the surrounding area, from which there is periodic exposure and transmission to surrounding livestock herds. Elk account for nearly all of the livestock exposure, and the infection appears to be expanding in the elk population. Currently, there are no known effective vaccines for brucellosis in elk. We conducted three experiments to evaluate the efficacy and practicality of delivering a killed B. abortus vaccine compounded with montmorillonite clay as a carrying agent to oral, nasal, and conjunctival mucosa. The first study, conducted in laboratory mice (Mus musculus), demonstrated protection against infection equal to that produced by the currently approved cattle (Bos taurus) vaccine RB51. The second experiment, conducted as a pilot study in a small sample of elk, demonstrated partial protection against B. abortus infection. Results of the third experiment showed that elk consumed the majority of a surrogate vaccine compounded with montmorillonite mixed in hay with oral, nasal, conjunctival, and gastrointestinal exposure to the vaccine. These results suggest that multiple exposures to a mucosally delivered vaccine may provide an effective method of vaccinating wildlife.
Collapse
|
38
|
Liu F, Wang D, Yang SC, Zhu JH, Li JM, Shi K, Du R, Zhao Q. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Brucellosis, Toxoplasmosis, and Neosporosis Among Yanbian Yellow Cattle in Jilin Province, China. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2019; 19:217-221. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2018.2288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Cong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Hui Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ming Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Shi
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Du
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Shuangyang, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Santoro M, Iaccarino D, Di Nocera F, Degli Uberti B, Lucibelli MG, Borriello G, De Luca G, D'Amore M, Cerrone A, Galiero G. Molecular detection of Chlamydia abortus in a stranded Mediterranean striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2019; 132:203-208. [PMID: 31188135 DOI: 10.3354/dao03320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study reports gross, histopathological, and molecular features of a Chlamydia abortus infection in a stranded female striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba from the Tyrrhenian coast of southern Italy. Post-mortem examination revealed liver congestion, splenic lymphoid depletion with capsular petechiae, and pneumonia. Histology revealed disseminated intravascular coagulation with vasculitis and congestion. Hepatocellular and acute myocardial degeneration were also observed. Basophilic, coccobacillary inclusions consistent with Chlamydia spp. were observed histologically in the type II pneumocytes, myocardial fibers, and hepatocytes, and in macrophages and plasma cells of liver, spleen, and prescapular lymph nodes. Chlamydial antigen was detected by immunofluorescence assay using genus-specific anti-Chlamydia antibodies. PCR assay revealed C. abortus in spleen, liver, heart, and lungs. C. abortus was the only pathogen detected. The main pathological changes suggest that Chlamydia infection may have been the cause of stranding and death of the striped dolphin. This case represents the first molecular detection of a member of the Chlamydiaceae in a marine mammal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Santoro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Dadar M, Shahali Y, Whatmore AM. Human brucellosis caused by raw dairy products: A review on the occurrence, major risk factors and prevention. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 292:39-47. [PMID: 30572264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite considerable efforts made to address the issue of brucellosis worldwide, its prevalence in dairy products remains difficult to estimate and represents an important public health issue in many areas of the globe today. This is partly explained by the increasing tendency for consumption of raw dairy products, making the prevention and control of this zoonosis even more critical. This review summarizes reports published since the early 2000s on human brucellosis caused by contaminated dairy products and the systems of evaluation and assessment which are used to improve the diagnosis, surveillance, control and prevention of the disease. For this purpose, five comprehensive electronic databases were investigated and relevant studies were identified for systematic review. The design and quality of the studies revealed notable variation, especially in the methods used for the detection and characterization of Brucella spp. This report provides helpful information about the health risk associated with the consumption of raw milk and relevant preventive strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Youcef Shahali
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Adrian M Whatmore
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Detection of Brucella spp. in dogs at Pantanal wetlands. Braz J Microbiol 2018; 50:307-312. [PMID: 30637651 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-018-0006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine brucellosis is an infectious disease that produces reproductive disease in both males and females. Although Brucella canis is more common, the infection by Brucella abortus is more frequent in dogs sharing habitats with livestock and wild animals. We decided to investigate the role of dogs in the maintenance of Brucella spp. in the Pantanal wetland. Serum and whole blood samples were collected from 167 dogs. To detect antibodies against B. abortus and B. canis, buffered acidified plate antigen (BAPA) and agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) tests were performed. To detect Brucella spp., B. abortus and B. canis DNA, PCR was performed using the bcsp31, BruAb2_0168, and BR00953 genes, respectively. To confirm the PCR results, three bcsp31 PCR products were sequenced and compared with sequences deposited in GenBank. The seropositivity rates of 7.8% and 9% were observed for the AGID and BAPA tests, respectively. Positivity rates of 45.5% and 10.8% were observed when testing bcsp31 and BruAb2_0168, respectively, while there was no positivity for BR00953. The sequenced products had 110 base pairs that aligned with 100% identity to B. abortus, B. canis, and B. suis. Considering our results, dogs may be acting as maintenance hosts of Brucella spp. in the Pantanal region.
Collapse
|
42
|
Shome R, Kalleshamurthy T, Natesan K, Jayaprakash KR, Byrareddy K, Mohandoss N, Sahay S, Shome BR, Hiremath J, Rahman H, Barbuddhe SB. Serological and molecular analysis for brucellosis in selected swine herds from Southern India. J Infect Public Health 2018; 12:247-251. [PMID: 30448370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Swine brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Brucella suis. The study describes the occurrence of brucellosis in two organized piggeries in Southern India. METHODS A total of 585 serum samples comprising 575 from pigs and 10 from animal handlers were collected and tested by serological tests and PCR. Tissue samples were collected for isolation of the pathogen. RESULTS Out of 575 serum samples screened, 236 (41.04%) were positive for brucellosis by both Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and indirect ELISA (iELISA) and 47 (8.17) samples showed Brucella DNA amplification by genus specific PCR. The sows those aborted and 19 boars with orchitis were seropositive for brucellosis indicating association of clinical symptoms with brucellosis seropositivity. Two of 10 pig handlers were positive by RBPT and showed significant serum agglutination test (SAT) titres of >1:160 and 1:320. B. suis bvI was isolated and identified by biochemical tests and confirmed by amplification Brucella genus and Bruce ladder PCRs from vaginal and testicular samples. CONCLUSIONS The introduction of untested breeding boars in the farms might have resulted in the disease transmission and spread. The present study highlighted the diagnosis of B. suis bvI as a cause of abortions in the pigs and occupational exposure to farm personnel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajeswari Shome
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Ramagondanahalli, Bengaluru, 560064, India.
| | - Triveni Kalleshamurthy
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Ramagondanahalli, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Krithiga Natesan
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Ramagondanahalli, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - K Rohit Jayaprakash
- Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560024, India
| | - Kavya Byrareddy
- Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560024, India
| | - Nagalingam Mohandoss
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Ramagondanahalli, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Swati Sahay
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Ramagondanahalli, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Bibek R Shome
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Ramagondanahalli, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Jagadish Hiremath
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Ramagondanahalli, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Habibur Rahman
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Ramagondanahalli, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Rubio-Guerri C, Jiménez MÁ, Melero M, Díaz-Delgado J, Sierra E, Arbelo M, Bellière EN, Crespo-Picazo JL, García-Párraga D, Esperón F, Sánchez-Vizcaíno JM. Genetic heterogeneity of dolphin morbilliviruses detected in the Spanish Mediterranean in inter-epizootic period. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:248. [PMID: 30143035 PMCID: PMC6109331 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1559-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the last 20 years, Cetacean Morbillivirus (CeMV) has been responsible for many die-offs in marine mammals worldwide, as clearly exemplified by the three dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) epizootics of 1990–1992, 2006–2008 and 2011 that affected Mediterranean striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba). Systemic infection caused by DMV in the Mediterranean has been reported only during these outbreaks. Results We report the infection of five striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) stranded on the Spanish Mediterranean coast of Valencia after the last DMV outbreak that ended in 2011. Animal 1 stranded in late 2011 and Animal 2 in 2012. Systemic infection affecting all tissues was found based on histopathology and positive immunohistochemical and polymerase chain reaction positive results. Animal 3 stranded in 2014; molecular and immunohistochemical detection was positive only in the central nervous system. Animals 4 and 5 stranded in 2015, and DMV antigen was found in several tissues. Partial sequences of the DMV phosphoprotein (P), nucleoprotein (N), and hemagglutinin (H) genes were identical for Animals 2, 3, 4, and 5, and were remarkably different from those in Animal 1. The P sequence from Animal 1 was identical to that of the DMV strain that caused the epizootic of 2011 in the Spanish Mediterranean. The corresponding sequence from Animals 2–5 was identical to that from a striped dolphin stranded in 2011 on the Canary Islands and to six dolphins stranded in northeastern Atlantic of the Iberian Peninsula. Conclusions These results suggest the existence of an endemic infection cycle among striped dolphins in the Mediterranean that may lead to occasional systemic disease presentations outside epizootic periods. This cycle involves multiple pathogenic viral strains, one of which may have originated in the Atlantic Ocean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Rubio-Guerri
- VISAVET Center and Animal Health Department, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta del Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain. .,Fundación Oceanografic de la Comunitat Valenciana, C/. Eduardo Primo Yúfera (Científic) 1B, 46013, Valencia, Spain.
| | - M Ángeles Jiménez
- Medicine and Surgery Department (Anatomic Pathology), Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Melero
- VISAVET Center and Animal Health Department, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta del Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josué Díaz-Delgado
- Unit of Histology and Veterinary Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña, s, /n 35416, Arucas (Las Palmas), Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Eva Sierra
- Unit of Histology and Veterinary Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña, s, /n 35416, Arucas (Las Palmas), Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Manuel Arbelo
- Unit of Histology and Veterinary Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña, s, /n 35416, Arucas (Las Palmas), Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Edwige N Bellière
- National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, Ctra. de Algete a El Casar s/n, 28130, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L Crespo-Picazo
- Fundación Oceanografic de la Comunitat Valenciana, C/. Eduardo Primo Yúfera (Científic) 1B, 46013, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel García-Párraga
- Fundación Oceanografic de la Comunitat Valenciana, C/. Eduardo Primo Yúfera (Científic) 1B, 46013, Valencia, Spain.,Veterinary Services, Avanqua Oceanogràfic S.L., C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera (Científic) 1B, 46013, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Esperón
- National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, Ctra. de Algete a El Casar s/n, 28130, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M Sánchez-Vizcaíno
- VISAVET Center and Animal Health Department, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta del Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lazarevic V, Gaïa N, Girard M, Leo S, Cherkaoui A, Renzi G, Emonet S, Jamme S, Ruppé E, Vijgen S, Rubbia-Brandt L, Toso C, Schrenzel J. When Bacterial Culture Fails, Metagenomics Can Help: A Case of Chronic Hepatic Brucelloma Assessed by Next-Generation Sequencing. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1566. [PMID: 30065706 PMCID: PMC6056729 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we sequenced DNA extracted from a necrotic hepatic lesion from a patient with suspected chronic hepatic brucelloma but negative culture results. Although most of the taxonomically classified sequencing reads corresponded to human genome sequences, our data suggest that whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing may be used together with other tests to strengthen the diagnosis of hepatic brucelloma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Lazarevic
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Gaïa
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Myriam Girard
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Leo
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Abdessalam Cherkaoui
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gesuele Renzi
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Emonet
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sharon Jamme
- Department of Community, Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Etienne Ruppé
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Vijgen
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laura Rubbia-Brandt
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christian Toso
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Schrenzel
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Das A, Kumar B, Chakravarti S, Prakash C, Singh RP, Gupta V, Singh KP, Agrawal RK, Chaturvedi VK, Abhishek, Shrinet G. Rapid visual isothermal nucleic acid-based detection assay of Brucella species by polymerase spiral reaction. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:646-654. [PMID: 30152897 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to develop polymerase spiral reaction (PSR) for rapid, sensitive and specific detection of Brucella sp. METHODS AND RESULTS Polymerase spiral reaction assay was developed using specifically designed primers targeting the conserved multicopy IS711 gene of Brucella sp. The assay could be performed within 60 min at an isothermal temperature of 64°C. The lower limit of detection of PSR was 11·8 fg and conventional PCR was 1·18 pg of Brucella abortus genomic DNA. Thus, PSR was found to be 100-fold more sensitive than conventional PCR and was comparable to real-time PCR. The specificity of PSR was tested with other non-Brucella bacteria and also with some bacterial and viral pathogens causing abortions. The assay was found to be specific as it did not detect any putative pathogens other than Brucella sp. Fifty-six clinical samples suspected for brucellosis (aborted fetal stomach content) were screened with PSR to validate the applicability of the test to detect Brucella DNA. The same samples were also screened with conventional PCR and real-time PCR. Of 56 samples, 25 samples were found to be positive with both PSR as well as real-time PCR, whereas only 20 samples were found positive with conventional PCR. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicated that the PSR assay is a simple, rapid, sensitive and specific method for the detection of Brucella sp. that may improve diagnostic potential in clinical laboratories or can be used at diagnostic laboratories with minimal infrastructure. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The PSR assay, because of its simplicity and low cost, can be preferred to other molecular methods in the diagnosis of infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Das
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - B Kumar
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - S Chakravarti
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - C Prakash
- Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - R P Singh
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - V Gupta
- Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - K P Singh
- Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - R K Agrawal
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - V K Chaturvedi
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Abhishek
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - G Shrinet
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
SHOME R, SAHAY S, TRIVENI K, KRITHIGA N, SHOME BR, RAHMAN H. Evidence of ovine brucellosis due to Brucella ovis and Brucella melitensis in Karnataka, India. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v88i5.79934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ovine brucellosis is often neglected contagious bacterial disease causing enormous economic losses to sheep industry. India is recognized as geographical hotspot for brucellosis and there is only one seroprevalence report of Brucella ovis infection in sheep. Ovine brucellosis is caused by both rough and smooth strains of Brucella sp. In the present study, 300 sheep serum samples collected from 9 different districts of Karnataka by 3 stage random sampling approach were screened by antibody and DNA detection tests (RBPT and iELISA) and PCR. Antibodies specific to B. melitensis and B. ovis infection were 8.67% and 5.34%, respectively. In the same set of samples, 5% (15/300) showed Brucella DNA amplification by bcsp31 and IS711 genus specific PCRs. In B. melitensis and B. ovis species specific PCRs, 3.34% and 1.67%, respectively were detected positive indicating presence of both Brucella species in sheep population. Among the 7 districts, Yadgir, Tumkur, Raichur and Bagalkot showed higher prevalence of antibodies against rough and smooth strains of Brucella. This emphasizes the need for sensitization of national system in designing surveillance and control strategies for both B. ovis and B. melitensis infections in sheep.
Collapse
|
47
|
Lusk Pfefer TS, Timme R, Kase JA. Identification of Brucella genus and eight Brucella species by Luminex bead-based suspension array. Food Microbiol 2018; 70:113-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
48
|
Survey for Placental Disease and Reproductive Pathogens in the Endangered Hawaiian Monk Seal ( Neomonachus schauinslandi). J Wildl Dis 2018; 54:564-568. [PMID: 29561711 DOI: 10.7589/2017-07-164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable temporal and spatial variability in the reproductive rates of Hawaiian monk seals (HMS; Neomonachus schauinslandi). Poor reproductive performance limits the recovery of this endangered species; however, causal factors are not fully understood. There is serologic evidence that HMS are exposed to pathogens that can impact reproductive success, but the prevalence of placental infections in HMS has not been evaluated. Placental tissues ( n=50), including tissues from 25% of known HMS births, were opportunistically collected in 2011 from six Northwestern Hawaiian Islands and three main Hawaiian Islands. Reproductive histories of the sampled females were representative of the breeding population, as determined through comparisons in age of primiparity and mature reproductive rate. Placental tissues were examined histologically and screened by PCR for Coxiella burnetii, Brucella spp., Chlamydia spp., Leptospira spp., herpesviruses, and Toxoplasma gondii. There was no histologic evidence of placental pathology, and molecular analyses were negative. These negative results can be used to estimate pathogen prevalence in the nonsampled population. For an approximate population size of 1,300 HMS, we can estimate with 99% confidence that the prevalence of each pathogen tested is 9% or less. This is low relative to other pinnipeds and indicates that factors other than reproductive pathology, such as resource limitation, may drive variability in HMS reproductive rates. Further investigation into the cumulative impacts of resource limitation and other stressors on HMS reproduction is warranted.
Collapse
|
49
|
Christoforidou S, Boukouvala E, Zdragas A, Malissiova E, Sandalakis V, Psaroulaki A, Petridou E, Tsakos P, Ekateriniadou L, Hadjichristodoulou C. Novel diagnostic approach on the identification ofBrucella melitensisGreek endemic strains-discrimination from the vaccine strain Rev.1 by PCR-RFLP assay. Vet Med Sci 2018. [PMCID: PMC6090408 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the intensive implementation of control programmes goat, sheep and human brucellosis remains endemic in Greece. As the discrimination between field endemic strains and vaccine strain Rev.1 is not feasible, it is essential to develop new diagnostic tools for brucellosis diagnosis. Moreover, effective disease control requires enhanced epidemiological surveillance in both humans and animals including robust laboratory support. Two new multiplex (duplex) polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) were developed and the results were compared with those obtained by real‐time PCR and bacteriological biotyping. A total of 71 Brucella spp. Greek endemic strains were identified at species and biovar level, using both molecular and conventional techniques. Their discrimination from the vaccine strain Rev.1 was achieved, using polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism assay (PCR‐RFLP). All 71 strains were identified as Brucella melitensis by multiplex PCR as well as by real‐time PCR and conventional biotyping. Sixty‐two (87.3%) out of 71 strains were identified as B. melitensis biovar 3, eight (11,3%) strains as biovar 1 and only one (1,4%) as biovar 2. Digestion with PstI restriction enzyme revealed that all strains were field endemic strains, as they gave different patterns from the vaccine strain Rev.1. Brucella melitensis biovar 3 appears to be the predominant type in Greece. The novel multiplex PCR produced results concordant to ones obtained by real‐time PCR and conventional biotyping. This technique could support and facilitate the surveillance of Brucellosis in Greece contributing in the control of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Christoforidou
- Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki; Hellenic Agricultural Organization DEMETER (former NAGREF); Thessaloniki Greece
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology; Faculty of Medicine; School of Health Sciences; University of Thessaly; Larissa Greece
| | - Evridiki Boukouvala
- Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki; Hellenic Agricultural Organization DEMETER (former NAGREF); Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Antonios Zdragas
- Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki; Hellenic Agricultural Organization DEMETER (former NAGREF); Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Eleni Malissiova
- Dairy Laboratory; Food Technology Department; Technological Educational Institute of Thessaly; Thessaly Greece
| | - Vassilios Sandalakis
- Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology, Parasitology, Zoonoses and Geographical Medicine; School of Medicine; University of Crete; Heraklion Greece
| | - Anna Psaroulaki
- Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology, Parasitology, Zoonoses and Geographical Medicine; School of Medicine; University of Crete; Heraklion Greece
| | - Evanthia Petridou
- Laboratory of Microbiology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Panagiotis Tsakos
- Ministry of Rural Development and Food; Directorate of Veterinary Centre of Thessaloniki; Laboratory of Microbiology & Infectious Diseases; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Loukia Ekateriniadou
- Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki; Hellenic Agricultural Organization DEMETER (former NAGREF); Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Christos Hadjichristodoulou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology; Faculty of Medicine; School of Health Sciences; University of Thessaly; Larissa Greece
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Sebastiani C, Curcio L, Ciullo M, Cruciani D, Crotti S, Pesca C, Torricelli M, Sebastianelli M, Felici A, Biagetti M. A multi-screening Fast qPCR approach to the identification of abortive agents in ruminants. J Microbiol Methods 2018; 148:12-17. [PMID: 29574004 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abortion in ruminants represents an important economic concern for farmers. Microbial agents, such as Brucella spp., Chlamydia spp., Coxiella burnetii, Leptospira spp., Neospora caninum, Salmonella spp. and Toxoplasma gondii, are among the main infectious causes of abortion and require rapid and reliable diagnosis. This study describes the development of a multi-screening assay using Fast Real-Time PCR (Fast qPCR) that allows, in a single test, the simultaneous identification of the above-mentioned abortive agents. This multi-screening approach is characterized by a mean diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 97%, respectively; it has a limit of detection (LOD) ranging from 5 × 103 to 4 × 104 genomic copies/g of tissue and a very good concordance with traditional end-point PCR assays used in routine diagnostic activity. The proposed method represents a rapid approach to the simultaneous detection of the main abortive agents in ruminants that allows to make an accurate diagnosis and to set up appropriate control measures in a short period of time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Sebastiani
- R&D Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche - Togo Rosati (IZSUM), Via Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ludovica Curcio
- R&D Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche - Togo Rosati (IZSUM), Via Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Marcella Ciullo
- R&D Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche - Togo Rosati (IZSUM), Via Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Deborah Cruciani
- Diagnostic Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche - Togo Rosati (IZSUM), Via Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvia Crotti
- Diagnostic Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche - Togo Rosati (IZSUM), Via Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristina Pesca
- Diagnostic Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche - Togo Rosati (IZSUM), Via Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Martina Torricelli
- R&D Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche - Togo Rosati (IZSUM), Via Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Martina Sebastianelli
- R&D Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche - Togo Rosati (IZSUM), Via Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Felici
- Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche - Togo Rosati (IZSUM), Via Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Massimo Biagetti
- R&D Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche - Togo Rosati (IZSUM), Via Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|