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Vogt G. Synthesis of digestive enzymes, food processing, and nutrient absorption in decapod crustaceans: a comparison to the mammalian model of digestion. ZOOLOGY 2021; 147:125945. [PMID: 34217027 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2021.125945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The ∼15.000 decapod crustaceans that are mostly omnivorous have evolved a structurally and functionally complex digestive system. They have highly effective cuticular chewing and filtering structures in the stomach, which are regularly renewed by moulting. Decapods produce a broad range of digestive enzymes including chitinases, cellulases, and collagenases with unique properties. These enzymes are synthesized in the F-cells of the hepatopancreas and are encoded in the genome as pre-pro-proteins. In contrast to mammals, they are stored in a mature form in the lumen of the stomach to await the next meal, and therefore, the enzymes are particularly stable. The fat emulsifiers are fatty acyl-dipeptides rather than bile salts. After mechanical and chemical processing of the food in the cardiac stomach, the chyme is filtered by two unique filter systems of different mesh-size. The filtrate is then transferred to the hepatopancreas where the nutrients are absorbed by the R-cells, mostly via carriers, resembling nutrient absorption in the small intestine of mammals. The absorbed nutrients are used to fuel the metabolism of the hepatopancreas, are supplied to other organs, and are stored in the R-cells as glycogen and lipid reserves. Export lipids are secreted from the R-cells into the haemolymph as high density lipoproteins that mainly consist of phospholipids. In contrast to mammals, the midgut tube and hindgut contribute only little to food processing and nutrient absorption. The oesophagus, stomach and hindgut are well innervated but the hepatopancreas lacks nerves. Hormone cells are abundant in the midgut and hepatopancreas epithelia. Microorganisms are often present in the intestine of decapods, but they are apparently not essential for digestion and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Vogt
- Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Lorenzo RA, Tomac A, Tapella F, Yeannes MI, Romero MC. Biochemical and quality parameters of southern king crab meat after transport simulation and re-immersion. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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3
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Martínez-Pérez RB, Rodríguez JA, Cira-Chávez LA, Dendooven L, Viniegra-González G, Estrada-Alvarado I. Exoenzyme-producing halophilic bacteria from the former Lake Texcoco: identification and production of n-butyl oleate and bioactive peptides. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2020; 65:835-847. [PMID: 32410069 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-020-00794-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Halophilic bacterias from saline soil from former Lake Texcoco were isolated, identified based on 16 rRNA and tested to produce glucolytic, nucleolytic, proteolytic and lipolytic exoenzymes. The Bacillus, Virgibacillus, Kocuria, Salinicoccus, Gracilibacillus, Halobacillus, Tenuibacillus and Nesterekonia genera where identified. Lipase/eserases and proteases from Nesterenkonia sp. and Nesterenkonia aethiopica showed halotolerant characteristics and were selected to synthesize the oleochemical n-butyl oleate and antioxidant peptides from muscle protein of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), respectively. In organic media (2,2,4-Trimethylpentane), the lipase/esterases from Nesterenkonia sp. (0.6 U/mL) and N. aethiopica (1.2 U/mL) achieved a 62.7% and 53.2% of n-butyl oleate conversion, respectively. The protein hydrolysis from muscle of common carp (C. carpio) showed a degree of hydrolysis of 4.5 ± 0.2% and 2.8 ± 0.1% when proteases from Nesterenkonia sp. and N. aethiopica were used, respectively. Three peptidic fractions ranging molecular masses between 254 and 1002 Da [M + H] show antioxidant scavenging activity, and the principal fraction with a peptide of 547.3 Da [M + H] showed an inhibition of 37.7 ± 1.8% and 16.3 ± 0.6%, when 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) were used, respectively. These findings showed that the enzymatic battery of the halophilic bacteria from former lake Texcoco can be used in hydrolysis and synthesis of molecules with applications in different fields as food technology or bioenergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Balam Martínez-Pérez
- Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de febrero 818 sur, Col. Centro, 85000, Ciudad Obregón, SON, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología del Estado de Jalisco, Camino Arenero 1227, El Bajío del Arenal, 45019, Zapopan, JAL, Mexico
| | - Jorge Alberto Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología del Estado de Jalisco, Camino Arenero 1227, El Bajío del Arenal, 45019, Zapopan, JAL, Mexico
| | - Luis A Cira-Chávez
- Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de febrero 818 sur, Col. Centro, 85000, Ciudad Obregón, SON, Mexico
| | - Luc Dendooven
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508 Gustavo A. Madero, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Viniegra-González
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco N° 186, Col. Vicentina, C.P., 09340, Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Isabel Estrada-Alvarado
- Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de febrero 818 sur, Col. Centro, 85000, Ciudad Obregón, SON, Mexico.
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Michiels M, Daleo G, López Mañanes A. Differential modulation after feeding in different salinities and response to abscisic acid (ABA) and extracellular Ca 2+ of aminopeptidase N (APN) activity in the hepatopancreas of the intertidal euryhaline crab Neohelice granulata. CAN J ZOOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2019-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of aminopeptidase N (APN) activity in the digestive tract by various factors would be important to adjust digestive and absorptive processes under different physiological and (or) environmental conditions. We studied the postprandial responses at different salinities and the effect of abscisic acid (ABA) and extracellular Ca2+ on APN activity in the hepatopancreas (the main site for nutrient digestion and absorption) of the model species Neohelice granulata (Dana, 1851). Enzyme activity was determined at different times (0, 24, 48, and 72 h) after feeding in crabs acclimated either to 35 psu (osmoconformation) or 10 psu (hyper-regulation). APN activity increased around 50% at 24 h after feeding at 35 psu, whereas no changes occurred at 10 psu. Enzyme activity was also assayed in the presence of ABA (1 × 10–4 mol·L–1) or extracellular Ca2+ (1 × 10–4 mol·L–1), showing increments of 60% and 56%, respectively. The results suggest a role of APN in postprandial adjustments and its modulation by different chemical messengers by direct effect on the hepatopancreas. Moreover, to our knowledge, this work is the first to show the effect of ABA on a digestive enzyme in the digestive tract of an animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.S. Michiels
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3250, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - G.R. Daleo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas (IIB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del, Plata, Argentina
| | - A.A. López Mañanes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3250, Mar del Plata, Argentina
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Sadeghi-kaji S, Shareghi B, Saboury AA, Farhadian S. Investigating the interaction of porcine pancreatic elastase and propanol: A spectroscopy and molecular simulation study. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 146:687-691. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Biochemical characterization of a semi-purified aspartic protease from sea catfish Bagre panamensis with milk-clotting activity. Food Sci Biotechnol 2019; 28:1785-1793. [PMID: 31807351 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-019-00614-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pepsin from stomach of Bagre panamensis was semi-purified and biochemically characterized. The acid proteolytic activity and purification fold were 3875 U/mg protein and 91.85, respectively, after purification process. The optimum pH and temperature for semi-purified protease were 2-3 and 65 °C, respectively. The enzyme activity was stable after heating proteases at 50 °C for 120 min, but only 30% residual activity was detected after heating at 65 °C for 30 min. SDS-PAGE analysis showed two proteins bands after dialysis (26.1 and 38.6 kDa). Only the band of 38.6 kDa had proteolytic activity, which was inhibited using pepstatin A. Organic solvents, surfactants and reducing agents affect the proteolytic activity at different extent; however, metal ions or EDTA have no impact on protease activity. The semi-purified protease exhibited milk coagulant activity, with a maximum activity at 45 °C. The obtained results highlight the potential biotechnological use of B. panamensis pepsin.
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Raschmanová H, Paulová L, Branská B, Knejzlík Z, Melzoch K, Kovar K. Production and cleavage of a fusion protein of porcine trypsinogen and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in Pichia pastoris. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2018; 63:773-787. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-018-0619-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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8
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Rodriguez-Siordia I, Rojo-Arreola L, Navarrete Del Toro MDLA, García-Carreño F. American lobster Cathepsin D, an aspartic peptidase resistant to proteolysis and active in organic solvents, non-ionic detergents and salts. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 107:1501-1509. [PMID: 28987802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Suitable peptidases for biotechnological applications are those active at low temperature, in organic solvents, detergents or proteolytic additives. American lobster cathepsin D1 (CD1) is an enzyme highly efficient at 5-50°C and at pH 2.5-5.5. We assessed the effect of common industrial additives on CD1 activity. CD1 was isolated from lobster gastric fluid by chromatography. The proteolytic activity was measured using a fluorogenic specific substrate and the conformation by intrinsic fluorescence. Non-ionic detergents Tween-20 and Triton X-100 stabilize the peptidase activity. Ethanol, methanol and isopropanol [5-15% (v/v)] increased the enzyme activity up to 80%. The enzyme is active until 2.5M urea and is resistant to proteolysis by papain and renin. In this work, a crustacean peptidase that remains active when exposed to different chemical and proteolytic additives is reported, evincing that crustaceans are a good model for discovery of novel stable peptidases for future pharmaceutical, cosmetic and alimentary applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Rodriguez-Siordia
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste, Instituto Politecnico Nacional 195, Col., Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Liliana Rojo-Arreola
- CONACYT-Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Instituto Politecnico Nacional 195, Col., Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - María de Los Angeles Navarrete Del Toro
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste, Instituto Politecnico Nacional 195, Col., Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Fernando García-Carreño
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste, Instituto Politecnico Nacional 195, Col., Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
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Chen WQ, Obermayr P, Černigoj U, Vidič J, Panić-Janković T, Mitulović G. Immobilized monolithic enzymatic reactor and its application for analysis of in-vitro fertilization media samples. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:2957-2964. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Qiang Chen
- Clinical Institute of Laboratory Medicine; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | | | | | - Jana Vidič
- BIA Separations d.o.o; Ajdovščina Slovenia
| | - Tanta Panić-Janković
- Clinical Institute of Laboratory Medicine; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Goran Mitulović
- Clinical Institute of Laboratory Medicine; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Proteomics Core Facility; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
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Trincone A. Enzymatic Processes in Marine Biotechnology. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E93. [PMID: 28346336 PMCID: PMC5408239 DOI: 10.3390/md15040093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous review articles the attention of the biocatalytically oriented scientific community towards the marine environment as a source of biocatalysts focused on the habitat-related properties of marine enzymes. Updates have already appeared in the literature, including marine examples of oxidoreductases, hydrolases, transferases, isomerases, ligases, and lyases ready for food and pharmaceutical applications. Here a new approach for searching the literature and presenting a more refined analysis is adopted with respect to previous surveys, centering the attention on the enzymatic process rather than on a single novel activity. Fields of applications are easily individuated: (i) the biorefinery value-chain, where the provision of biomass is one of the most important aspects, with aquaculture as the prominent sector; (ii) the food industry, where the interest in the marine domain is similarly developed to deal with the enzymatic procedures adopted in food manipulation; (iii) the selective and easy extraction/modification of structurally complex marine molecules, where enzymatic treatments are a recognized tool to improve efficiency and selectivity; and (iv) marine biomarkers and derived applications (bioremediation) in pollution monitoring are also included in that these studies could be of high significance for the appreciation of marine bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Trincone
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.
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Dalal S, Mhashal A, Kadoo N, Gaikwad SM. Functional stability and structural transitions of Kallikrein: spectroscopic and molecular dynamics studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:330-342. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1138884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayli Dalal
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Anil Mhashal
- Division of Physical Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Narendra Kadoo
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Sushama M. Gaikwad
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
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A year-round study on digestive enzymes in the Arctic copepod Calanus glacialis: implications for its capability to adjust to changing environmental conditions. Polar Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-016-1891-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Kumar M, Beniwal V, Salar RK. Purification and characterization of a thermophilic tannase from Klebsiella pneumoniae KP715242. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Bibo-Verdugo B, Rojo-Arreola L, Navarrete-del-Toro MA, García-Carreño F. A chymotrypsin from the Digestive Tract of California Spiny Lobster, Panulirus interruptus: Purification and Biochemical Characterization. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 17:416-427. [PMID: 25877639 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-015-9626-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A chymotrypsin was purified from the gastric juice of California spiny lobster (Panulirus interrutpus), using preparative electrophoresis and affinity chromatography on agarose-p-aminobenzamidine. The molecular mass was estimated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) under denaturing conditions to be 28 kDa. Chymotrypsin activity was totally inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and chymostatin. Lobster chymotrypsin had optimal pH 7.0-8.0 and temperature of 55 °C. The enzyme is highly stable under a wide range of pH (retaining up to 80 % of activity after 1 h of incubation at pH 3.0, 5.0, and 12.0), showing higher stability at pH 8.0, and was inactivated after 20 min at 55 °C. Lobster chymotrypsin was able to hydrolyze protein substrates at as low as pH 3.0. These results are consistent with the findings of enzyme stability. Activity was assessed after incubation of enzyme with different organic solvents (in the range of 10-50 %); when tested in the presence of acetone, ethanol, propanol, and butanol, lobster chymotrypsin residual activity was >80 %; whereas in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and toluene, lobster chymotrypsin residual activity was <80 %. Deduced amino acid sequence, corroborated by mass spectrometry, was determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsaida Bibo-Verdugo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Calle IPN 195, La Paz, B.C.S. 23096, Mexico
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Linton SM, Saborowski R, Shirley AJ, Penny JA. Digestive enzymes of two brachyuran and two anomuran land crabs from Christmas Island, Indian Ocean. J Comp Physiol B 2014; 184:449-68. [PMID: 24566501 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-014-0815-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The digestive ability of four sympatric land crabs species (the gecarcinids, Gecarcoidea natalis and Discoplax celeste and the anomurans, Birgus latro and Coenobita perlatus) was examined by determining the activity of their digestive enzymes. The gecarcinids are detritivores that consume mainly leaf litter; the robber crab, B. latro, is an omnivore that preferentially consumes items high in lipid, carbohydrate and/or protein; C. perlatus is also an omnivore/detritivore. All species possess protease, lipase and amylase activity for hydrolysing ubiquitous protein, lipid and storage polysaccharides (glycogen and starch). Similarly all species possess enzymes such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, the cellulases, endo-β-1,4-glucanase and β-glucohydrolase and hemicellulases, lichenase and laminarinase for the respective hydrolysis of structural substrates chitin, cellulose and hemicelluloses, lichenan and laminarin. Except for the enzyme activities of C. perlatus, enzyme activity could not be correlated to dietary preference. Perhaps others factors such as olfactory and locomotor ability and metabolic status may determine the observed dietary preferences. The digestive fluid of C. perlatus possessed higher endo-β-1,4-glucanase, lichenase and laminarinase activities compared to that of the other species. Thus, C. perlatus may be efficient at digestion of cellulose and hemicellulose within plant material. Zymography indicated that the majority of protease, lipase, phosphatase, amylase, endo-β-1,4-glucanase, β-glucohydrolase and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase isozymes were common to all species, and hence were inherited from a common aquatic ancestor. Differences were observed for the phosphatase, lipase and endo-β-1,4-glucanase isozymes. These differences are discussed in relation to phylogeny and possible evolution to cope with the adoption of a terrestrial diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart M Linton
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3217, Australia,
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Freese D, Kreibich T, Niehoff B. Characteristics of digestive enzymes of calanoid copepod species from different latitudes in relation to temperature, pH and food. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2012; 162:66-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Purification and characterization of extracellular tannin acyl hydrolase from Aspergillus heteromorphus MTCC 8818. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-010-0058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Nisnevitch M, Sigawi S, Cahan R, Nitzan Y. Isolation, characterization and biological role of camelysin from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. Curr Microbiol 2010; 61:176-83. [PMID: 20127334 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-010-9593-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2009] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports a simple rapid method for isolating the zinc-containing metalloprotease camelysin from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) by extraction from intact bacterial cells with egg L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine containing monolamellar liposomes, followed by separation on a sucrose gradient. Characterization of the isolated camelysin revealed a molecular weight of 23 kDa and a pI of 6.2. The camelysin exhibited maximal activity against the substrate azocasein at a temperature of 37 degrees C and pH 7.5. However, the enzyme's activity remained high also at basic pH values (8-10). In a rich growth medium (LB), camelysin appeared at the late logarithmic phase of Bti growth and reached its maximum in the stationary phase. Camelysin was shown to activate the protoxins Cyt1Aa and Cyt2Ba produced by Bti. The hemolytic activity of Cyt1Aa increased from 40 to 70% and that of Cyt2Ba from 6 to 50% in the presence of 50% (w/w) camelysin. It is concluded that these protoxins can be activated not only by insect gut proteases, but also by the endogeneous metalloprotease camelysin of the Bti bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Nisnevitch
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Ariel University Center of Samaria, Ariel 44837, Israel.
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Chhokar V, Sangwan M, Beniwal V, Nehra K, Nehra KS. Effect of additives on the activity of tannase from Aspergillus awamori MTCC9299. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 160:2256-64. [PMID: 19844665 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8813-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Accepted: 10/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tannase from Aspergillus awamori MTCC 9299 was purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by ion-exchange chromatography. A purification fold of 19.5 with 13.5% yield was obtained. Temperature of 30 degrees C and pH of 5.5 were found optimum for tannase activity. The effects of metals and organic solvents on the activity of tannase were also studied. Metal ions Mg(+2), Mn(+2), Ca(+2), Na(+), and K(+) stimulated the tannase activity, while Cu(+2), Fe(+3), and Co(+2) acted as inhibitors of the enzyme. The addition of organic solvents like acetic acid, isoamylalcohol, chloroform, isopropyl alcohol, and ethanol completely inhibited the enzyme activity. However, butanol and benzene increased the enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Chhokar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India.
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Rahman MBA, Misran A, Basri M, Rahman RNZRA, Salleh AB, Wahab HA. Screening and docking chemical ligands onto pocket cavities of a protease for designing a biocatalyst. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420500198608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Linton SM, Allardyce BJ, Hagen W, Wencke P, Saborowski R. Food utilisation and digestive ability of aquatic and semi-terrestrial crayfishes, Cherax destructor and Engaeus sericatus (Astacidae, Parastacidae). J Comp Physiol B 2009; 179:493-507. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-008-0332-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2008] [Revised: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hehemann JH, Redecke L, Murugaiyan J, von Bergen M, Betzel C, Saborowski R. Autoproteolytic stability of a trypsin from the marine crab Cancer pagurus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 370:566-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.03.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 03/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Invertebrate trypsins: a review. J Comp Physiol B 2008; 178:655-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-008-0263-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2007] [Revised: 03/18/2008] [Accepted: 03/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Souza AA, Amaral IP, Santo ARE, Carvalho LB, Bezerra RS. Trypsin-like enzyme from intestine and pyloric caeca of spotted goatfish (Pseudupeneus maculatus). Food Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kincaid HA, Niedringhaus T, Ciobanu M, Cliffel DE, Jennings GK. Entrapment of photosystem I within self-assembled films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:8114-20. [PMID: 16952250 DOI: 10.1021/la061326+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a process to incorporate an integral membrane protein, Photosystem I (PSI), into an organic thin film at an electrode surface and thereby insulate the protein complex on the surface while mimicking its natural environment. The PSI complex, which is primarily more hydrophobic on the exterior than interior, is hydrophobically confined in vivo within the thylakoid membrane. To mimic the thylakoid membrane and entrap PSI on an electrode, we have designed a series of steps using a thin self-assembled monolayer (SAM) to adsorb and orient PSI followed by exposures to longer-chained methyl-terminated alkanethiols that place exchange with components of the original SAM in the interprotein domains. In this process, PSI is first adsorbed onto a HOC(6)S/Au substrate through a short exposure to a dilute solution of the protein to achieve a protein coverage of approximately 25%. The PSI/HOC(6)S/Au substrate is then placed into a solution containing one of various longer-chained alkanethiols including C(22)SH or C(18)OC(19)SH. Changes in thickness, interfacial capacitance, infrared spectra, and surface wettability were used to assess the extent of backfilling by the long-chained thiols. The coverage of the protein layer and the solvent used for backfilling affected the rate and quality of the SAM formed in the interprotein regions. After exposure of the PSI layer to solvents containing alkanethiols, there was only minor loss of protein on the surface and no real change in protein secondary structure as evidenced by reflectance absorption infrared spectroscopy.
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Sana B, Ghosh D, Saha M, Mukherjee J. Purification and characterization of a salt, solvent, detergent and bleach tolerant protease from a new gamma-Proteobacterium isolated from the marine environment of the Sundarbans. Process Biochem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2005.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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