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Křen V, Bojarová P. Rutinosidase and other diglycosidases: Rising stars in biotechnology. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 68:108217. [PMID: 37481095 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Diglycosidases are a special class of glycosidases (EC 3.2.1) that catalyze the separation of intact disaccharide moieties from the aglycone part. The main diglycosidase representatives comprise rutinosidases that cleave rutinose (α-l-Rha-(1-6)-β-d-Glc) from rutin or other rutinosides, and (iso)primeverosidases processing (iso)primeverosides (d-Xyl-(1-6)-β-d-Glc), but other activities are known. Notably, some diglycosidases may be ranked as monoglucosidases with enlarged substrate specificity. Diglycosidases are found in various microorganisms and plants. Diglycosidases are used in the food industry for aroma enhancement and flavor modification. Besides their hydrolytic activity, they also possess pronounced synthetic (transglycosylating) capabilities. Recently, they have been demonstrated to glycosylate various substrates in a high yield, including peculiar species like inorganic azide or carboxylic acids, which is a unique feature in biocatalysis. Rhamnose-containing compounds such as rutinose are currently receiving increased attention due to their proven activity in anti-cancer and dermatological experimental studies. This review demonstrates the vast and yet underrated biotechnological potential of diglycosidases from various sources (plant, microbial), and reveals perspectives on the use of these catalysts as well as of their products in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Biotransformation, Vídeňská 1083, CZ 14200 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Biotransformation, Vídeňská 1083, CZ 14200 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Bassanini I, Grosso S, Tognoli C, Fronza G, Riva S. Studies on the Oxidation of Aromatic Amines Catalyzed by Trametes versicolor Laccase. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043524. [PMID: 36834934 PMCID: PMC9963649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The bio-oxidation of a series of aromatic amines catalyzed by T. versicolor laccase has been investigated exploiting either commercially available nitrogenous substrates [(E)-4-vinyl aniline and diphenyl amine] or ad hoc synthetized ones [(E)-4-styrylaniline, (E)-4-(prop-1-en-1-yl)aniline and (E)-4-(((4-methoxyphenyl)imino)methyl)phenol]. At variance to their phenolic equivalents, the investigated aromatic amines were not converted into the expected cyclic dimeric structures under T. versicolor catalysis. The formation of complex oligomeric/polymeric or decomposition by-products was mainly observed, with the exception of the isolation of two interesting but unexpected chemical skeletons. Specifically, the biooxidation of diphenylamine resulted in an oxygenated quinone-like product, while, to our surprise, in the presence of T. versicolor laccase (E)-4-vinyl aniline was converted into a 1,2-substited cyclobutane ring. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of an enzymatically triggered [2 + 2] olefin cycloaddition. Possible reaction mechanisms to explain the formation of these products are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Bassanini
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche-SCITEC, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (I.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Simone Grosso
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche-SCITEC, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Tognoli
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche-SCITEC, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fronza
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche-SCITEC, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Luigi Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Riva
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche-SCITEC, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (I.B.); (S.R.)
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Selective oxidation of isoeugenol to licarin A using CuFe2O4 catalysts under mild conditions. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02575-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Cardullo N, Muccilli V, Tringali C. Laccase-mediated synthesis of bioactive natural products and their analogues. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:614-647. [PMID: 35755186 PMCID: PMC9175115 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00259g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Laccases are a class of multicopper oxidases that catalyse the one-electron oxidation of four equivalents of a reducing substrate, with the concomitant four-electron reduction of dioxygen to water. Typically, they catalyse many anabolic reactions, in which mostly phenolic metabolites were subjected to oxidative coupling. Alternatively, laccases catalyse the degradation or modification of biopolymers like lignin in catabolic processes. In recent years, laccases have proved valuable and green biocatalysts for synthesising compounds with therapeutic value, including antitumor, antibiotic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant agents. Further up to date applications include oxidative depolymerisation of lignin to gain new biomaterials and bioremediation processes of industrial waste. This review summarizes selected examples from the last decade's literature about the laccase-mediated synthesis of biologically active natural products and their analogues; these will include lignans and neolignans, dimeric stilbenoids, biflavonoids, biaryls and other compounds of potential interest for the pharmaceutical industry. In addition, a short section about applications of laccases in natural polymer modification has been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Cardullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania V.le A. Doria 6 95125-Catania Italy +39-095-580138 +39-095-7385041 +39-095-7385025
| | - Vera Muccilli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania V.le A. Doria 6 95125-Catania Italy +39-095-580138 +39-095-7385041 +39-095-7385025
| | - Corrado Tringali
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania V.le A. Doria 6 95125-Catania Italy +39-095-580138 +39-095-7385041 +39-095-7385025
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Martínková L, Křístková B, Křen V. Laccases and Tyrosinases in Organic Synthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3462. [PMID: 35408822 PMCID: PMC8998183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Laccases (Lac) and tyrosinases (TYR) are mild oxidants with a great potential in research and industry. In this work, we review recent advances in their use in organic synthesis. We summarize recent examples of Lac-catalyzed oxidation, homocoupling and heterocoupling, and TYR-catalyzed ortho-hydroxylation of phenols. We highlight the combination of Lac and TYR with other enzymes or chemical catalysts. We also point out the biological and pharmaceutical potential of the products, such as dimers of piceid, lignols, isorhamnetin, rutin, caffeic acid, 4-hydroxychalcones, thiols, hybrid antibiotics, benzimidazoles, benzothiazoles, pyrimidine derivatives, hydroxytyrosols, alkylcatechols, halocatechols, or dihydrocaffeoyl esters, etc. These products include radical scavengers; antibacterial, antiviral, and antitumor compounds; and building blocks for bioactive compounds and drugs. We summarize the available enzyme sources and discuss the scalability of their use in organic synthesis. In conclusion, we assume that the intensive use of laccases and tyrosinases in organic synthesis will yield new bioactive compounds and, in the long-term, reduce the environmental impact of industrial organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Martínková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (B.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Barbora Křístková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (B.K.); (V.K.)
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, CZ-166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (B.K.); (V.K.)
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Abstract
Laccases are multicopper oxidases, which have been widely investigated in recent decades thanks to their ability to oxidize organic substrates to the corresponding radicals while producing water at the expense of molecular oxygen. Besides their successful (bio)technological applications, for example, in textile, petrochemical, and detoxifications/bioremediations industrial processes, their synthetic potentialities for the mild and green preparation or selective modification of fine chemicals are of outstanding value in biocatalyzed organic synthesis. Accordingly, this review is focused on reporting and rationalizing some of the most recent and interesting synthetic exploitations of laccases. Applications of the so-called laccase-mediator system (LMS) for alcohol oxidation are discussed with a focus on carbohydrate chemistry and natural products modification as well as on bio- and chemo-integrated processes. The laccase-catalyzed Csp2-H bonds activation via monoelectronic oxidation is also discussed by reporting examples of enzymatic C-C and C-O radical homo- and hetero-couplings, as well as of aromatic nucleophilic substitutions of hydroquinones or quinoids. Finally, the laccase-initiated domino/cascade synthesis of valuable aromatic (hetero)cycles, elegant strategies widely documented in the literature across more than three decades, is also presented.
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Bassanini I, D'Annessa I, Costa M, Monti D, Colombo G, Riva S. Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of (E)-2,3-diaryl-5-styryl-trans-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-based scaffolds and their in vitro and in silico evaluation as a novel sub-family of potential allosteric modulators of the 90 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp90). Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:3741-3753. [PMID: 29722782 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00644j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herein we propose a facile, versatile and selective chemo-enzymatic synthesis of substituted (E)-2,3-diaryl-5-styryl-trans-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans based on the exploitation of the laccase-mediated oxidative (homo)coupling of (E)-4-styrylphenols. Thanks to this novel synthetic strategy, a library of benzofuran-based potential allosteric activators of the Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) was easily prepared. Moreover, considering their structural analogies to previously reported allosteric modulators, the sixteen new compounds synthesized in this work were tested in vitro for their potential stimulatory action on the ATPase activity of the molecular chaperone Hsp90. Combining experimental and computational results, we propose a mechanism of action for these compounds, and expand the structure-activity relationship (SAR) information available for benzofuran-based Hsp90 activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Bassanini
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, via Mario Bianco 9, Milano, 20131, Italy.
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Bassanini I, Krejzová J, Panzeri W, Monti D, Křen V, Riva S. A Sustainable One-Pot, Two-Enzyme Synthesis of Naturally Occurring Arylalkyl Glucosides. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:2040-2045. [PMID: 28186391 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201700136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A sustainable, convenient, scalable, one-pot, two-enzyme method for the glucosylation of arylalkyl alcohols was developed. The reaction scheme is based on a transrutinosylation catalyzed by a rutinosidase from A. niger using the cheap commercially available natural flavonoid rutin as glycosyl donor, followed by selective "trimming" of the rutinoside unit catalyzed by a rhamnosidase from A. terreus. The process was validated with the syntheses of several natural bioactive glucosides, which could be isolated in up to 75 % yield without silica-gel chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Bassanini
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Mario Bianco 9, Milano, 20131, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Jana Krejzová
- Institute of Microbiology, Laboratory of Biotransformation, Czech Academy of Science, Vídeňská 1083, CZ, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Walter Panzeri
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Mario Bianco 9, Milano, 20131, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica 'Giulio Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Daniela Monti
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Mario Bianco 9, Milano, 20131, Italy
| | - Vladimir Křen
- Institute of Microbiology, Laboratory of Biotransformation, Czech Academy of Science, Vídeňská 1083, CZ, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sergio Riva
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Mario Bianco 9, Milano, 20131, Italy
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