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Miyazawa K, Itoh Y, Fu H, Miyazono K. Receptor-activated transcription factors and beyond: multiple modes of Smad2/3-dependent transmission of TGF-β signaling. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107256. [PMID: 38569937 PMCID: PMC11063908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine that is widely distributed throughout the body. Its receptor proteins, TGF-β type I and type II receptors, are also ubiquitously expressed. Therefore, the regulation of various signaling outputs in a context-dependent manner is a critical issue in this field. Smad proteins were originally identified as signal-activated transcription factors similar to signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins. Smads are activated by serine phosphorylation mediated by intrinsic receptor dual specificity kinases of the TGF-β family, indicating that Smads are receptor-restricted effector molecules downstream of ligands of the TGF-β family. Smad proteins have other functions in addition to transcriptional regulation, including post-transcriptional regulation of micro-RNA processing, pre-mRNA splicing, and m6A methylation. Recent technical advances have identified a novel landscape of Smad-dependent signal transduction, including regulation of mitochondrial function without involving regulation of gene expression. Therefore, Smad proteins are receptor-activated transcription factors and also act as intracellular signaling modulators with multiple modes of function. In this review, we discuss the role of Smad proteins as receptor-activated transcription factors and beyond. We also describe the functional differences between Smad2 and Smad3, two receptor-activated Smad proteins downstream of TGF-β, activin, myostatin, growth and differentiation factor (GDF) 11, and Nodal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Miyazawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Yuka Itoh
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hao Fu
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kohei Miyazono
- Department of Applied Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory for Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
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2
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Wu Q, Leng X, Zhang Q, Zhu YZ, Zhou R, Liu Y, Mei C, Zhang D, Liu S, Chen S, Wang X, Lin A, Lin X, Liang T, Shen L, Feng XH, Xia B, Xu P. IRF3 activates RB to authorize cGAS-STING-induced senescence and mitigate liver fibrosis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj2102. [PMID: 38416816 PMCID: PMC10901380 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj2102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Cytosolic double-stranded DNA surveillance by cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) signaling triggers cellular senescence, autophagy, biased mRNA translation, and interferon-mediated immune responses. However, detailed mechanisms and physiological relevance of STING-induced senescence are not fully understood. Here, we unexpectedly found that interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), activated during innate DNA sensing, forms substantial endogenous complexes in the nucleus with retinoblastoma (RB), a key cell cycle regulator. The IRF3-RB interaction attenuates cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6)-mediated RB hyperphosphorylation that mobilizes RB to deactivate E2 family (E2F) transcription factors, thereby driving cells into senescence. STING-IRF3-RB signaling plays a notable role in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) within various murine models, pushing activated HSCs toward senescence. Accordingly, IRF3 global knockout or conditional deletion in HSCs aggravated liver fibrosis, a process mitigated by the CDK4/6 inhibitor. These findings underscore a straightforward yet vital mechanism of cGAS-STING signaling in inducing cellular senescence and unveil its unexpected biology in limiting liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirou Wu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaohong Leng
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ye-Zhang Zhu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ruyuan Zhou
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chen Mei
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shengduo Liu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shasha Chen
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Aifu Lin
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xia Lin
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Li Shen
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin-Hua Feng
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Thoracic Cancer, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bing Xia
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Pinglong Xu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Thoracic Cancer, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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3
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Wang B, Ou Z, Zhong W, Huang L, Liao W, Sheng Y, Guo Z, Chen J, Yang W, Chen K, Huang X, Yang T, Lin T, Huang J. Effective Antitumor Immunity Can Be Triggered by Targeting VISTA in Combination with a TLR3-Specific Adjuvant. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:1656-1670. [PMID: 37847894 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment is often associated with accumulation of intratumoral inhibitory macrophages. V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA) is a nonredundant immune checkpoint that can induce both T-cell and myeloid-cell immunosuppression. In this study, we found that high levels of VISTA+ immune cells were associated with advanced stage bladder cancer and predicted poor survival in patients. A combination of high infiltration of VISTA+ immune cells and PD-L1+ immune cells or PD-1+ T cells predicted the worst survival. Flow cytometry and multiplex immunofluorescence analyses confirmed that VISTA expression was higher in macrophages than in T cells or neutrophils, and only VISTA+CD163+ macrophage density predicted poor prognosis in patients with bladder cancer. Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists are known to trigger the innate immune response in macrophages. We found that the VISTA-specific mAb 13F3 augmented the ability of a TLR3-specific adjuvant to induce macrophage activation in vitro. In the MB49 syngeneic mouse model of bladder cancer, treatment with 13F3 curbed tumor growth and prolonged survival when combined with a TLR3-specific adjuvant. The combination treatment reduced the intratumoral frequency of CD206+ anti-inflammatory macrophages and levels of the immunosuppressive molecule TGFβ1, but it upregulated expression of immunostimulatory molecules (Ifna, Ifnb, and Trail) and increased the CD8+ T cell/regulatory T-cell ratio. These findings indicate that elevated VISTA expression in immune cells, particularly macrophages, is associated with an unfavorable prognosis in patients with bladder cancer and suggest that targeting VISTA in combination with a TLR3-specific adjuvant has translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ziwei Ou
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wenlong Zhong
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lin Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wenjian Liao
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yiyu Sheng
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhixing Guo
- Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Junyu Chen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Tenghao Yang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Tianxin Lin
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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4
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Nixon BG, Gao S, Wang X, Li MO. TGFβ control of immune responses in cancer: a holistic immuno-oncology perspective. Nat Rev Immunol 2023; 23:346-362. [PMID: 36380023 PMCID: PMC10634249 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-022-00796-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The immune system responds to cancer in two main ways. First, there are prewired responses involving myeloid cells, innate lymphocytes and innate-like adaptive lymphocytes that either reside in premalignant tissues or migrate directly to tumours, and second, there are antigen priming-dependent responses, in which adaptive lymphocytes are primed in secondary lymphoid organs before homing to tumours. Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) - one of the most potent and pleiotropic regulatory cytokines - controls almost every stage of the tumour-elicited immune response, from leukocyte development in primary lymphoid organs to their priming in secondary lymphoid organs and their effector functions in the tumour itself. The complexity of TGFβ-regulated immune cell circuitries, as well as the contextual roles of TGFβ signalling in cancer cells and tumour stromal cells, necessitates the use of rigorous experimental systems that closely recapitulate human cancer, such as autochthonous tumour models, to uncover the underlying immunobiology. The diverse functions of TGFβ in healthy tissues further complicate the search for effective and safe cancer therapeutics targeting the TGFβ pathway. Here we discuss the contextual complexity of TGFβ signalling in tumour-elicited immune responses and explain how understanding this may guide the development of mechanism-based cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana G Nixon
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shengyu Gao
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ming O Li
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
- Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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5
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AMPK directly phosphorylates TBK1 to integrate glucose sensing into innate immunity. Mol Cell 2022; 82:4519-4536.e7. [PMID: 36384137 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient sensing and damage sensing are two fundamental processes in living organisms. While hyperglycemia is frequently linked to diabetes-related vulnerability to microbial infection, how body glucose levels affect innate immune responses to microbial invasion is not fully understood. Here, we surprisingly found that viral infection led to a rapid and dramatic decrease in blood glucose levels in rodents, leading to robust AMPK activation. AMPK, once activated, directly phosphorylates TBK1 at S511, which triggers IRF3 recruitment and the assembly of MAVS or STING signalosomes. Consistently, ablation or inhibition of AMPK, knockin of TBK1-S511A, or increased glucose levels compromised nucleic acid sensing, while boosting AMPK-TBK1 cascade by AICAR or TBK1-S511E knockin improves antiviral immunity substantially in various animal models. Thus, we identify TBK1 as an AMPK substrate, reveal the molecular mechanism coupling a dual sensing of glucose and nuclei acids, and report its physiological necessity in antiviral defense.
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6
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Chen C, Xu P. Cellular functions of cGAS-STING signaling. Trends Cell Biol 2022:S0962-8924(22)00252-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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7
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Zhang Q, Chen C, Xia B, Xu P. Chemical regulation of the cGAS-STING pathway. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2022; 69:102170. [PMID: 35753220 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acids represent a major class of pathogen and damage signatures, recognized by a variety of host sensors to initiate signaling cascades and immune responses, such as mechanisms of RLR-MAVS, cGAS-STING, TLR-TRIF, and AIM2 inflammasome. Yet, an outstanding challenge is understanding how nucleic acid sensing initiates immune responses and its tethering in various infectious, cancerous, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases. However, the discovery and application of a plethora of small molecule compounds have substantially facilitated this process. This review provides an overview and recent development of the innate DNA-sensing pathway of cGAS-STING and highlights the multiple agonists and inhibitors in fine-tuning the pathway that can be exploited to improve disease treatment, focusing primarily on crucial pathway components and regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chen Chen
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bing Xia
- Department of Thoracic Cancer, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Pinglong Xu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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8
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Zhang D, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Zhang Q, Guan H, Liu S, Chen S, Mei C, Chen C, Liao Z, Xi Y, Ouyang S, Feng XH, Liang T, Shen L, Xu P. A non-canonical cGAS-STING-PERK pathway facilitates the translational program critical for senescence and organ fibrosis. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:766-782. [PMID: 35501370 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00894-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Innate DNA sensing via the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) mechanism surveys microbial invasion and cellular damage and thus participates in various human infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases and cancers. However, how DNA sensing rapidly and adaptively shapes cellular physiology is incompletely known. Here we identify the STING-PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)-eIF2α pathway, a previously unknown cGAS-STING mechanism, enabling an innate immunity control of cap-dependent messenger RNA translation. Upon cGAMP binding, STING at the ER binds and directly activates the ER-located kinase PERK via their intracellular domains, which precedes TBK1-IRF3 activation and is irrelevant to the unfolded protein response. The activated PERK phosphorylates eIF2α, forming an inflammatory- and survival-preferred translation program. Notably, this STING-PERK-eIF2α pathway is evolutionarily primitive and physiologically critical to cellular senescence and organ fibrosis. Pharmacologically or genetically targeting this non-canonical cGAS-STING pathway attenuated lung and kidney fibrosis. Collectively, the findings identify an alternative innate immune pathway and its critical role in organ fibrosis, report an innate immunity-directed translation program and suggest the therapeutic potential for targeting the STING-PERK pathway in treating fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yezhang Zhu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University (HIC-ZJU), Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongxing Guan
- The Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology of Fujian Province, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shengduo Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University (HIC-ZJU), Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shasha Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chen Mei
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Liao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ying Xi
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Songying Ouyang
- The Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology of Fujian Province, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xin-Hua Feng
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. .,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Li Shen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Pinglong Xu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. .,Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University (HIC-ZJU), Hangzhou, China. .,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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9
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Al Hamrashdi M, Brady G. Regulation of IRF3 activation in Human Antiviral Signalling Pathways. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 200:115026. [PMID: 35367198 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family of transcription factors play a vital role in the human innate antiviral immune responses with production of interferons (IFNs) as a hallmark outcome of activation. In recent years, IRF3 has been considered a principal early regulator of type I IFNs (TI-IFNs) directly downstream of intracellular virus sensing. Despite decades of research on IRF-activating pathways, many questions remain on the regulation of IRF3 activation. The kinases IκB kinase epsilon (IKKε) and TANK-binding kinase-1 (TBK1) and the scaffold proteins TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator (TANK), NF-kappa-B-activating kinase-associated protein 1 (NAP1) and TANK-binding kinase 1-binding protein 1 (TBKBP1)/similar to NAP1 TBK1 adaptor (SINTBAD) are believed to be core components of an IRF3-activation complex yet their contextual involvement and complex composition are still unclear. This review will give an overview of antiviral signaling pathways leading to the activation of IRF3 and discuss recent developments in our understanding of its proximal regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Al Hamrashdi
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St. James' Hospital Campus, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Gareth Brady
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St. James' Hospital Campus, Dublin, Ireland.
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10
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Comparative Investigation of Gene Regulatory Processes Underlying Avian Influenza Viruses in Chicken and Duck. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020219. [PMID: 35205087 PMCID: PMC8868632 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Avian influenza poses a great risk to gallinaceous poultry, while mallard ducks can withstand most virus strains. To date, the mechanisms underlying the susceptibility of chicken and the effective immune response of duck have not been completely understood. In this study, our aim is to investigate the transcriptional gene regulation governing the expression of important avian-influenza-induced genes and to reveal the master regulators stimulating an effective immune response after virus infection in ducks while dysfunctioning in chicken. Abstract The avian influenza virus (AIV) mainly affects birds and not only causes animals’ deaths, but also poses a great risk of zoonotically infecting humans. While ducks and wild waterfowl are seen as a natural reservoir for AIVs and can withstand most virus strains, chicken mostly succumb to infection with high pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). To date, the mechanisms underlying the susceptibility of chicken and the effective immune response of duck have not been completely unraveled. In this study, we investigate the transcriptional gene regulation underlying disease progression in chicken and duck after AIV infection. For this purpose, we use a publicly available RNA-sequencing dataset from chicken and ducks infected with low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H5N2 and HPAI H5N1 (lung and ileum tissues, 1 and 3 days post-infection). Unlike previous studies, we performed a promoter analysis based on orthologous genes to detect important transcription factors (TFs) and their cooperation, based on which we apply a systems biology approach to identify common and species-specific master regulators. We found master regulators such as EGR1, FOS, and SP1, specifically for chicken and ETS1 and SMAD3/4, specifically for duck, which could be responsible for the duck’s effective and the chicken’s ineffective immune response.
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11
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Tamura Y, Tsutsumi S, Miyazono K, Koinuma D. PolyI:C attenuates transforming growth factor-β signaling to induce cytostasis of surrounding cells by secreted factors in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Sci 2021; 113:940-949. [PMID: 34897916 PMCID: PMC8898727 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of RIG‐I‐like receptor (RLR) signaling in cancer cells is widely recognized as a critical cancer therapy method. The expected mechanism of RLR ligand‐mediated cancer therapy involves the promotion of cancer cell death and strong induction of interferon (IFN)‐β that affects the tumor microenvironment. We have recently shown that activation of RLR signaling in triple‐negative breast cancer cells (TNBC) attenuates transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) signaling, which partly contributes to the promotion of cancer cell pyroptosis. However, the consequences of suppression of TGF‐β signaling by RLR ligands with respect to IFN‐β‐mediated tumor suppression are not well characterized. This study showed that transfection of a typical RLR ligand polyI:C in cancer cells produces significant levels of IFN‐β, which inhibits the growth of the surrounding cancer cells. In addition, IFN‐β‐induced cell cycle arrest in surrounding cancer cells was inhibited by the expression of constitutively active Smad3. Constitutively active Smad3 suppresses IFN‐β expression through the alleviation of IFN regulatory factor 3 binding to the canonical target genes, as suggested by ChIP sequencing analysis. Based on these findings, a new facet of the protumorigenic function of TGF‐β that suppresses IFN‐β expression is suggested when RLR‐mediated cancer treatment is used in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Tamura
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Tsutsumi
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Miyazono
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daizo Koinuma
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Gao Y, Li Y, Li S, Liang X, Ren Z, Yang X, Zhang B, Hu Y, Yang X. Systematic discovery of signaling pathways linking immune activation to schizophrenia. iScience 2021; 24:103209. [PMID: 34746692 PMCID: PMC8551081 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune activation has been shown to play a critical role in the development of schizophrenia; however its underlying mechanism remains unknown. Our report demonstrates a high-quality protein interaction network for schizophrenia (SCZ Network), constructed using our “neighborhood walk” approach in combination with “random walk with restart”. The spatiotemporal expression pattern of the genes in this disease network revealed two developmental stages sensitive to perturbation by immune activation: mid-to late gestation, and adolescence. Furthermore, we induced immune activation at these stages in mice, carried out transcriptome sequencing on the mouse brains, and illustrated clear potential molecular pathways and key regulators correlating maternal immune activation during gestation and an increased risk for schizophrenia after a second immune activation at puberty. This work provides not only valuable resources for the study on molecular mechanisms underlying schizophrenia, but also a systematic strategy for the discovery of molecular pathways of complex mental disorders. A high-quality molecular network for schizophrenia (SCZ Network) A landscape of molecular pathways linking immune activation and schizophrenia The spatiotemporal network dynamics revealing stages susceptible to immune activation Identification of the molecular pathways and regulators in the immune-activated brain
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gao
- Center for Genetics and Developmental Systems Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Center for Genetics and Developmental Systems Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - ShuangYan Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaozhen Liang
- Center for Genetics and Developmental Systems Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhonglu Ren
- Center for Genetics and Developmental Systems Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaoxue Yang
- Center for Genetics and Developmental Systems Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yanhui Hu
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xinping Yang
- Center for Genetics and Developmental Systems Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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13
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Abstract
Transforming Growth Factor-β is a potent regulator of the immune system, acting at every stage from thymic differentiation, population of the periphery, control of responsiveness, tissue repair and generation of memory. It is therefore a central player in the immune response to infectious pathogens, but its contribution is often clouded by multiple roles acting on different cells in time and space. Hence, context is all-important in understanding when TGF-β is beneficial or detrimental to the outcome of infection. In this review, a full range of infectious agents from viruses to helminth parasites are explored within this framework, drawing contrasts and general conclusions about the importance of TGF-β in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick M Maizels
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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14
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You D, Chul Jung B, Villivalam SD, Lim HW, Kang S. JMJD8 is a Novel Molecular Nexus Between Adipocyte-Intrinsic Inflammation and Insulin Resistance. Diabetes 2021; 71:db210596. [PMID: 34686520 PMCID: PMC8763873 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation, often referred to as metainflammation, develops in response to overnutrition and is a major player in the regulation of insulin sensitivity. While many studies have investigated adipose tissue inflammation from the perspective of the immune cell compartment, little is known about how adipocytes intrinsically contribute to metainflammation and insulin resistance at the molecular level. Here, we demonstrate a novel role for Jumonji C Domain Containing Protein 8 (JMJD8) as an adipocyte-intrinsic molecular nexus between inflammation and insulin resistance. We determined that JMJD8 was highly enriched in white adipose tissue, especially in the adipocyte fraction. Adipose JMJD8 levels were dramatically increased in obesity-associated insulin resistance models. Its levels were increased by feeding and insulin, and inhibited by fasting. A JMJD8 gain of function was sufficient to drive insulin resistance, whereas loss of function improved insulin sensitivity in mouse and human adipocytes. Consistent with this, Jmjd8-ablated mice had increased whole-body and adipose insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance on both chow and a high-fat diet, while adipocyte-specific Jmjd8-overexpressing mice displayed worsened whole-body metabolism on a high-fat diet. We found that JMJD8 affected the transcriptional regulation of inflammatory genes. In particular, it was required for LPS-mediated inflammation and insulin resistance in adipocytes. For this, JMJD8 required Interferon Regulatory Factor (IRF3) to mediate its actions in adipocytes. Together, our results demonstrate that JMJD8 acts as a novel molecular factor that drives adipocyte inflammation in conjunction with insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjoo You
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Byung Chul Jung
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Sneha Damal Villivalam
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Hee-Woong Lim
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Ave. MLC 7024, Cincinnati, OH, 45229
| | - Sona Kang
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
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15
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Meng F, Yu Z, Zhang D, Chen S, Guan H, Zhou R, Wu Q, Zhang Q, Liu S, Venkat Ramani MK, Yang B, Ba XQ, Zhang J, Huang J, Bai X, Qin J, Feng XH, Ouyang S, Zhang YJ, Liang T, Xu P. Induced phase separation of mutant NF2 imprisons the cGAS-STING machinery to abrogate antitumor immunity. Mol Cell 2021; 81:4147-4164.e7. [PMID: 34453890 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Missense mutations of the tumor suppressor Neurofibromin 2 (NF2/Merlin/schwannomin) result in sporadic to frequent occurrences of tumorigenesis in multiple organs. However, the underlying pathogenicity of NF2-related tumorigenesis remains mostly unknown. Here we found that NF2 facilitated innate immunity by regulating YAP/TAZ-mediated TBK1 inhibition. Unexpectedly, patient-derived individual mutations in the FERM domain of NF2 (NF2m) converted NF2 into a potent suppressor of cGAS-STING signaling. Mechanistically, NF2m gained extreme associations with IRF3 and TBK1 and, upon innate nucleic acid sensing, was directly induced by the activated IRF3 to form cellular condensates, which contained the PP2A complex, to eliminate TBK1 activation. Accordingly, NF2m robustly suppressed STING-initiated antitumor immunity in cancer cell-autonomous and -nonautonomous murine models, and NF2m-IRF3 condensates were evident in human vestibular schwannomas. Our study reports phase separation-mediated quiescence of cGAS-STING signaling by a mutant tumor suppressor and reveals gain-of-function pathogenesis for NF2-related tumors by regulating antitumor immunity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- HCT116 Cells
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Interferon Regulatory Factor-3/genetics
- Interferon Regulatory Factor-3/metabolism
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism
- Male
- Melanoma, Experimental/genetics
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mutation, Missense
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Neurofibromin 2/genetics
- Neurofibromin 2/metabolism
- Nucleotidyltransferases/genetics
- Nucleotidyltransferases/metabolism
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Escape
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Fansen Meng
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhengyang Yu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center (HIC-ZJU), Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shasha Chen
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hongxin Guan
- The Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology of Fujian Province, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Ruyuan Zhou
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qirou Wu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shengduo Liu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center (HIC-ZJU), Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Venkat Ramani
- Department of Molecular Biosciences; Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Bing Yang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Qun Ba
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University First Affiliated Hospital and School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University First Affiliated Hospital and School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, China
| | - Jun Huang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xueli Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jun Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xin-Hua Feng
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Songying Ouyang
- The Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology of Fujian Province, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Yan Jessie Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences; Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Pinglong Xu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center (HIC-ZJU), Hangzhou 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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16
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Potential Therapeutic Effect of Micrornas in Extracellular Vesicles from Mesenchymal Stem Cells against SARS-CoV-2. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092393. [PMID: 34572043 PMCID: PMC8465096 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-released, nanometer-scaled, membrane-bound materials and contain diverse contents including proteins, small peptides, and nucleic acids. Once released, EVs can alter the microenvironment and regulate a myriad of cellular physiology components, including cell–cell communication, proliferation, differentiation, and immune responses against viral infection. Among the cargoes in the vesicles, small non-coding micro-RNAs (miRNAs) have received attention in that they can regulate the expression of a variety of human genes as well as external viral genes via binding to the complementary mRNAs. In this study, we tested the potential of EVs as therapeutic agents for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. First, we found that the mesenchymal stem-cell-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) enabled the rescue of the cytopathic effect of SARS-CoV-2 virus and the suppression of proinflammatory responses in the infected cells by inhibiting the viral replication. We found that these anti-viral responses were mediated by 17 miRNAs matching the rarely mutated, conserved 3′-untranslated regions (UTR) of the viral genome. The top five miRNAs highly expressed in the MSC-EVs, miR-92a-3p, miR-26a-5p, miR-23a-3p, miR-103a-3p, and miR-181a-5p, were tested. They were bound to the complemented sequence which led to the recovery of the cytopathic effects. These findings suggest that the MSC-EVs are a potential candidate for multiple variants of anti-SARS-CoV-2.
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17
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Tamura Y, Morikawa M, Tanabe R, Miyazono K, Koinuma D. Anti-pyroptotic function of TGF-β is suppressed by a synthetic dsRNA analogue in triple negative breast cancer cells. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:1289-1307. [PMID: 33342034 PMCID: PMC8096786 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of innovative therapeutic modalities would address an unmet clinical need in the treatment of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Activation of retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) such as melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) and RIG-I in cancer cells is suggested to suppress tumor progression by inducing cell death. Transfection of polyI:C, a conventionally used synthetic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) analogue that activates RLRs, has been evaluated in clinical trials. However, detailed mechanisms of tumor suppression by RLRs, especially interactions with other signaling pathways, remain elusive. Here, we showed that transfection of polyI:C suppressed transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling in a MDA5- and RIG-I-dependent manner. We found that suppression of TGF-β signaling by polyI:C promoted cancer cell death, which was attenuated by forced expression of constitutively active Smad3. More detailed analysis suggested that cell death by polyI:C transfection exhibited characteristics of pyroptosis, which is distinct from apoptosis. Therapeutic efficacy of polyI:C transfection was also demonstrated using a mouse model. These results indicated that intratumor administration of polyI:C and related dsRNA analogues may be promising treatments for TNBC through inhibition of the anti-pyroptotic function of TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Tamura
- Department of Molecular PathologyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoJapan
| | - Masato Morikawa
- Department of Molecular PathologyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoJapan
| | - Ryo Tanabe
- Department of Molecular PathologyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoJapan
| | - Kohei Miyazono
- Department of Molecular PathologyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoJapan
| | - Daizo Koinuma
- Department of Molecular PathologyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoJapan
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18
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Gao Y, Qin Y, Wan C, Sun Y, Meng J, Huang J, Hu Y, Jin H, Yang K. Small Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Avenue for Cancer Management. Front Oncol 2021; 11:638357. [PMID: 33791224 PMCID: PMC8005721 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.638357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are small membrane particles derived from various cell types. EVs are broadly classified as ectosomes or small extracellular vesicles, depending on their biogenesis and cargoes. Numerous studies have shown that EVs regulate multiple physiological and pathophysiological processes. The roles of small extracellular vesicles in cancer growth and metastasis remain to be fully elucidated. As endogenous products, small extracellular vesicles are an ideal drug delivery platform for anticancer agents. However, several aspects of small extracellular vesicle biology remain unclear, hindering the clinical implementation of small extracellular vesicles as biomarkers or anticancer agents. In this review, we summarize the utility of cancer-related small extracellular vesicles as biomarkers to detect early-stage cancers and predict treatment outcomes. We also review findings from preclinical and clinical studies of small extracellular vesicle-based cancer therapies and summarize interventional clinical trials registered in the United States Food and Drug Administration and the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry. Finally, we discuss the main challenges limiting the clinical implementation of small extracellular vesicles and recommend possible approaches to address these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Honglin Jin
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kunyu Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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19
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Zhou Y, Zhao S, Gao X, Jiang S, Ma J, Wang R, Li Q, Qin L, Tong Z, Wu J, Zhao J. Staphylococcus aureus Induces IFN-β Production via a CARMA3-Independent Mechanism. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10030300. [PMID: 33806598 PMCID: PMC8000617 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN) induction is a critical component of innate immune response to viral and bacterial infection, including S. aureus, but whether it activates the signaling in macrophages and the regulation mechanisms is less well understood. Here we show that S. aureus infection promoted the IFN-β mRNA expression and stimulator of IFN genes (STING)/TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1)/interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3)-dependent production of IFN-β. Infection with S. aureus induced caspase recruitment domain and membrane-associated guanylate kinase-like domain protein 3 (CARMA3) expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. The heat-killed bacteria failed to trigger IRF3 phosphorylation and upregulation of CARMA3 expression. However, overexpression of CARMA3 did not affect phosphorylation of TBK1 or IRF3 in RAW264.7 cells, J774A.1 macrophages, and mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells. In conclusion, S. aureus infection induces STING/TBK1/IRF3-mediated IFN-β production in a CARMA3-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (S.Z.); (X.G.); (S.J.); (J.M.); (R.W.); (L.Q.); (Z.T.); (J.W.)
- Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Shasha Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (S.Z.); (X.G.); (S.J.); (J.M.); (R.W.); (L.Q.); (Z.T.); (J.W.)
| | - Xiao Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (S.Z.); (X.G.); (S.J.); (J.M.); (R.W.); (L.Q.); (Z.T.); (J.W.)
| | - Songhong Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (S.Z.); (X.G.); (S.J.); (J.M.); (R.W.); (L.Q.); (Z.T.); (J.W.)
| | - Jialu Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (S.Z.); (X.G.); (S.J.); (J.M.); (R.W.); (L.Q.); (Z.T.); (J.W.)
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (S.Z.); (X.G.); (S.J.); (J.M.); (R.W.); (L.Q.); (Z.T.); (J.W.)
| | - Qing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China;
| | - Leiying Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (S.Z.); (X.G.); (S.J.); (J.M.); (R.W.); (L.Q.); (Z.T.); (J.W.)
| | - Zhizi Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (S.Z.); (X.G.); (S.J.); (J.M.); (R.W.); (L.Q.); (Z.T.); (J.W.)
| | - Junwei Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (S.Z.); (X.G.); (S.J.); (J.M.); (R.W.); (L.Q.); (Z.T.); (J.W.)
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (J.Z.)
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Zhou R, Wu Q, Wang M, Irani S, Li X, Zhang Q, Meng F, Liu S, Zhang F, Wu L, Lin X, Wang X, Zou J, Song H, Qin J, Liang T, Feng XH, Zhang YJ, Xu P. The protein phosphatase PPM1A dephosphorylates and activates YAP to govern mammalian intestinal and liver regeneration. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001122. [PMID: 33630828 PMCID: PMC7978383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo-YAP pathway responds to diverse environmental cues to manage tissue homeostasis, organ regeneration, tumorigenesis, and immunity. However, how phosphatase(s) directly target Yes-associated protein (YAP) and determine its physiological activity are still inconclusive. Here, we utilized an unbiased phosphatome screening and identified protein phosphatase magnesium-dependent 1A (PPM1A/PP2Cα) as the bona fide and physiological YAP phosphatase. We found that PPM1A was associated with YAP/TAZ in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus to directly eliminate phospho-S127 on YAP, which conferring YAP the nuclear distribution and transcription potency. Accordingly, genetic ablation or depletion of PPM1A in cells, organoids, and mice elicited an enhanced YAP/TAZ cytoplasmic retention and resulted in the diminished cell proliferation, severe gut regeneration defects in colitis, and impeded liver regeneration upon injury. These regeneration defects in murine model were largely rescued via a genetic large tumor suppressor kinase 1 (LATS1) deficiency or the pharmacological inhibition of Hippo-YAP signaling. Therefore, we identify a physiological phosphatase of YAP/TAZ, describe its critical effects in YAP/TAZ cellular distribution, and demonstrate its physiological roles in mammalian organ regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyuan Zhou
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qirou Wu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengqiu Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Seema Irani
- Department of Molecular Biosciences; Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xiao Li
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fansen Meng
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengduo Liu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liming Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Lin
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zou
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai Song
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Hua Feng
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yan Jessie Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences; Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Pinglong Xu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Tian M, Wang X, Sun J, Lin W, Chen L, Liu S, Wu X, Shi L, Xu P, Cai X, Wang X. IRF3 prevents colorectal tumorigenesis via inhibiting the nuclear translocation of β-catenin. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5762. [PMID: 33188184 PMCID: PMC7666182 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19627-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Occurrence of Colorectal cancer (CRC) is relevant with gut microbiota. However, role of IRF3, a key signaling mediator in innate immune sensing, has been barely investigated in CRC. Here, we unexpectedly found that the IRF3 deficient mice are hyper-susceptible to the development of intestinal tumor in AOM/DSS and Apcmin/+ models. Genetic ablation of IRF3 profoundly promotes the proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells via aberrantly activating Wnt signaling. Mechanically, IRF3 in resting state robustly associates with the active β-catenin in the cytoplasm, thus preventing its nuclear translocation and cell proliferation, which can be relieved upon microbe-induced activation of IRF3. In accordance, the survival of CRC is clinically correlated with the expression level of IRF3. Therefore, our study identifies IRF3 as a negative regulator of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and a potential prognosis marker for Wnt-related tumorigenesis, and describes an intriguing link between gut microbiota and CRC via the IRF3-β-catenin axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Tian
- Institute of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- Institute of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jihong Sun
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310016, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenlong Lin
- Institute of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lumin Chen
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310016, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengduo Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ximei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liyun Shi
- Department of Immunology and Medical Microbiology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210046, Nanjing, China
| | - Pinglong Xu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiujun Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Innovation Center for Minimally Invasive Techniques and Devices, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310016, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- Institute of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, Hangzhou, China.
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Chen S, Liu S, Wang J, Wu Q, Wang A, Guan H, Zhang Q, Zhang D, Wang X, Song H, Qin J, Zou J, Jiang Z, Ouyang S, Feng XH, Liang T, Xu P. TBK1-Mediated DRP1 Targeting Confers Nucleic Acid Sensing to Reprogram Mitochondrial Dynamics and Physiology. Mol Cell 2020; 80:810-827.e7. [PMID: 33171123 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial morphology shifts rapidly to manage cellular metabolism, organelle integrity, and cell fate. It remains unknown whether innate nucleic acid sensing, the central and general mechanisms of monitoring both microbial invasion and cellular damage, can reprogram and govern mitochondrial dynamics and function. Here, we unexpectedly observed that upon activation of RIG-I-like receptor (RLR)-MAVS signaling, TBK1 directly phosphorylated DRP1/DNM1L, which disabled DRP1, preventing its high-order oligomerization and mitochondrial fragmentation function. The TBK1-DRP1 axis was essential for assembly of large MAVS aggregates and healthy antiviral immunity and underlay nutrient-triggered mitochondrial dynamics and cell fate determination. Knockin (KI) strategies mimicking TBK1-DRP1 signaling produced dominant-negative phenotypes reminiscent of human DRP1 inborn mutations, while interrupting the TBK1-DRP1 connection compromised antiviral responses. Thus, our findings establish an unrecognized function of innate immunity governing both morphology and physiology of a major organelle, identify a lacking loop during innate RNA sensing, and report an elegant mechanism of shaping mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Chen
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shengduo Liu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Junxian Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qirou Wu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ailian Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongxin Guan
- The Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology of Fujian Province, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hai Song
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jun Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jian Zou
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Institutes of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhengfan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Songying Ouyang
- The Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology of Fujian Province, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Xin-Hua Feng
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030, USA
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Pinglong Xu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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O'Brien K, Breyne K, Ughetto S, Laurent LC, Breakefield XO. RNA delivery by extracellular vesicles in mammalian cells and its applications. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:585-606. [PMID: 32457507 PMCID: PMC7249041 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-0251-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 949] [Impact Index Per Article: 237.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The term 'extracellular vesicles' refers to a heterogeneous population of vesicular bodies of cellular origin that derive either from the endosomal compartment (exosomes) or as a result of shedding from the plasma membrane (microvesicles, oncosomes and apoptotic bodies). Extracellular vesicles carry a variety of cargo, including RNAs, proteins, lipids and DNA, which can be taken up by other cells, both in the direct vicinity of the source cell and at distant sites in the body via biofluids, and elicit a variety of phenotypic responses. Owing to their unique biology and roles in cell-cell communication, extracellular vesicles have attracted strong interest, which is further enhanced by their potential clinical utility. Because extracellular vesicles derive their cargo from the contents of the cells that produce them, they are attractive sources of biomarkers for a variety of diseases. Furthermore, studies demonstrating phenotypic effects of specific extracellular vesicle-associated cargo on target cells have stoked interest in extracellular vesicles as therapeutic vehicles. There is particularly strong evidence that the RNA cargo of extracellular vesicles can alter recipient cell gene expression and function. During the past decade, extracellular vesicles and their RNA cargo have become better defined, but many aspects of extracellular vesicle biology remain to be elucidated. These include selective cargo loading resulting in substantial differences between the composition of extracellular vesicles and source cells; heterogeneity in extracellular vesicle size and composition; and undefined mechanisms for the uptake of extracellular vesicles into recipient cells and the fates of their cargo. Further progress in unravelling the basic mechanisms of extracellular vesicle biogenesis, transport, and cargo delivery and function is needed for successful clinical implementation. This Review focuses on the current state of knowledge pertaining to packaging, transport and function of RNAs in extracellular vesicles and outlines the progress made thus far towards their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Killian O'Brien
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurology and Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Koen Breyne
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurology and Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefano Ughetto
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurology and Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Louise C Laurent
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Xandra O Breakefield
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurology and Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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24
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Frisch SM, MacFawn IP. Type I interferons and related pathways in cell senescence. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13234. [PMID: 32918364 PMCID: PMC7576263 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article addresses the largely unanticipated convergence of two landmark discoveries. The first is the discovery of interferons, critical signaling molecules for all aspects of both innate and adaptive immunity, discovered originally by Isaacs and Lindenmann at the National Institute for Medical Research, London, in 1957 (Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 1957, 147, 258). The second, formerly unrelated discovery, by Leonard Hayflick and Paul Moorhead (Wistar Institute, Philadelphia) is that cultured cells undergo an irreversible but viable growth arrest, termed senescence, after a finite and predictable number of cell divisions (Experimental Cell Research, 1961, 25, 585). This phenomenon was suspected to relate to organismal aging, which was confirmed subsequently (Nature, 2011, 479, 232). Cell senescence has broad‐ranging implications for normal homeostasis, including immunity, and for diverse disease states, including cancer progression and response to therapy (Nature Medicine, 2015, 21, 1424; Cell, 2019, 179, 813; Cell, 2017, 169, 1000; Trends in Cell Biology, 2018, 28, 436; Journal of Cell Biology, 2018, 217, 65). Here, we critically address the bidirectional interplay between interferons (focusing on type I) and cell senescence, with important implications for health and healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M. Frisch
- Department of Biochemistry and WVU Cancer Institute West Virginia University Morgantown West Virginia USA
| | - Ian P. MacFawn
- Department of Biochemistry and WVU Cancer Institute West Virginia University Morgantown West Virginia USA
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25
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Zhang F, Wang YF, Zhang Y, Lin Z, Cao Y, Zhang H, Liu ZY, Morris DL, Sheng Y, Cui Y, Zhang X, Vyse TJ, Lau YL, Yang W, Chen Y. Independent Replication on Genome-Wide Association Study Signals Identifies IRF3 as a Novel Locus for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Genet 2020; 11:600. [PMID: 32719713 PMCID: PMC7348047 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a genetically complex autoimmune disease. Despite the significant progress made in identifying susceptibility genes for SLE, the genetic architecture of the disease is far from being understood. In this study, we set to replicate a number of suggestive association signals found in genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in additional independent cohorts. Replication studies were performed on Han Chinese cohorts from Hong Kong and Anhui, involving a total of 2,269 cases and 5,073 controls. We identified a missense variant in IRF3 (rs7251) reaching genome-wide significance through a joint analysis of GWAS and replication data (OR = 0.876, P = 4.40E-08). A significant correlation was observed between rs7251 and lupus nephritis (LN) by subphenotype stratification (OR = 0.785, P = 0.0128). IRF3 is a key molecule in type I interferon production upon nucleic acid antigen stimulations and may inhibit regulatory T cell differentiation. Further elucidation of the mechanism of this association could help us better understand the pathogenesis of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixia Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yong-Fei Wang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Disease, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Lin
- Department of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Cao
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Huoru Zhang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Zhong-Yi Liu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - David L Morris
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yujun Sheng
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Timothy J Vyse
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Lung Lau
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wanling Yang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yanhui Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Urban C, Welsch H, Heine K, Wüst S, Haas DA, Dächert C, Pandey A, Pichlmair A, Binder M. Persistent Innate Immune Stimulation Results in IRF3-Mediated but Caspase-Independent Cytostasis. Viruses 2020; 12:v12060635. [PMID: 32545331 PMCID: PMC7354422 DOI: 10.3390/v12060635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent virus infection continuously produces non-self nucleic acids that activate cell-intrinsic immune responses. However, the antiviral defense evolved as a transient, acute phase response and the effects of persistently ongoing stimulation onto cellular homeostasis are not well understood. To study the consequences of long-term innate immune activation, we expressed the NS5B polymerase of Hepatitis C virus (HCV), which in absence of viral genomes continuously produces immune-stimulatory RNAs. Surprisingly, within 3 weeks, NS5B expression declined and the innate immune response ceased. Proteomics and functional analyses indicated a reduced proliferation of those cells most strongly stimulated, which was independent of interferon signaling but required mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). Depletion of MAVS or IRF3, or overexpression of the MAVS-inactivating HCV NS3/4A protease not only blocked interferon responses but also restored cell growth in NS5B expressing cells. However, pan-caspase inhibition could not rescue the NS5B-induced cytostasis. Our results underline an active counter selection of cells with prolonged innate immune activation, which likely constitutes a cellular strategy to prevent persistent virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Urban
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (C.U.); (D.A.H.)
| | - Hendrik Welsch
- Research Group “Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response”, Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis (F170), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.W.); (K.H.); (S.W.); (C.D.); (A.P.)
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Heine
- Research Group “Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response”, Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis (F170), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.W.); (K.H.); (S.W.); (C.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Sandra Wüst
- Research Group “Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response”, Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis (F170), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.W.); (K.H.); (S.W.); (C.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Darya A. Haas
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (C.U.); (D.A.H.)
| | - Christopher Dächert
- Research Group “Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response”, Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis (F170), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.W.); (K.H.); (S.W.); (C.D.); (A.P.)
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aparna Pandey
- Research Group “Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response”, Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis (F170), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.W.); (K.H.); (S.W.); (C.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Andreas Pichlmair
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (C.U.); (D.A.H.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Partner Site, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Marco Binder
- Research Group “Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response”, Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis (F170), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.W.); (K.H.); (S.W.); (C.D.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (M.B.)
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27
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Imanishi T, Saito T. T Cell Co-stimulation and Functional Modulation by Innate Signals. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:200-212. [PMID: 32035763 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), play a pivotal role in the initiation of innate immune responses. Certain PRRs are also expressed by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, where they function to provide co-stimulatory signals for their activation and differentiation. Recently, stimulator of interferon genes (STING) was found to be highly expressed in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and to modulate T cell function. STING signaling inhibits cell growth and stimulates type I interferon (IFN-I) responses in T cells through reciprocal regulation between T cell receptor (TCR) and STING signals. Here, we propose a model whereby innate signals by TLRs and STING regulate TCR signals and T cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Imanishi
- Laboratory for Cell Signaling, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Cell Signaling, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Laboratory for Cell Signaling, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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28
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Yu T, Gan S, Zhu Q, Dai D, Li N, Wang H, Chen X, Hou D, Wang Y, Pan Q, Xu J, Zhang X, Liu J, Pei S, Peng C, Wu P, Romano S, Mao C, Huang M, Zhu X, Shen K, Qin J, Xiao Y. Modulation of M2 macrophage polarization by the crosstalk between Stat6 and Trim24. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4353. [PMID: 31554795 PMCID: PMC6761150 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12384-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Stat6 is known to drive macrophage M2 polarization. However, how macrophage polarization is fine-tuned by Stat6 is poorly understood. Here, we find that Lys383 of Stat6 is acetylated by the acetyltransferase CREB-binding protein (CBP) during macrophage activation to suppress macrophage M2 polarization. Mechanistically, Trim24, a CBP-associated E3 ligase, promotes Stat6 acetylation by catalyzing CBP ubiquitination at Lys119 to facilitate the recruitment of CBP to Stat6. Loss of Trim24 inhibits Stat6 acetylation and thus promotes M2 polarization in both mouse and human macrophages, potentially compromising antitumor immune responses. By contrast, Stat6 mediates the suppression of TRIM24 expression in M2 macrophages to contribute to the induction of an immunosuppressive tumor niche. Taken together, our findings establish Stat6 acetylation as an essential negative regulatory mechanism that curtails macrophage M2 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Shucheng Gan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qingchen Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Dongfang Dai
- Institute of Oncology and Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 438 Jiefang Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Ni Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaosong Chen
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Dan Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qiang Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jing Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xingli Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Junli Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Siyu Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Chao Peng
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Ping Wu
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Simona Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples, Federico II, 5-80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Chaoming Mao
- Institute of Oncology and Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 438 Jiefang Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Mingzhu Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Kunwei Shen
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jun Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Yichuan Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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29
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Wu S, Zhang Q, Zhang F, Meng F, Liu S, Zhou R, Wu Q, Li X, Shen L, Huang J, Qin J, Ouyang S, Xia Z, Song H, Feng XH, Zou J, Xu P. HER2 recruits AKT1 to disrupt STING signalling and suppress antiviral defence and antitumour immunity. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:1027-1040. [DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0352-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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30
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Erban T, Sopko B, Kadlikova K, Talacko P, Harant K. Varroa destructor parasitism has a greater effect on proteome changes than the deformed wing virus and activates TGF-β signaling pathways. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9400. [PMID: 31253851 PMCID: PMC6599063 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45764-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Honeybee workers undergo metamorphosis in capped cells for approximately 13 days before adult emergence. During the same period, Varroa mites prick the defenseless host many times. We sought to identify proteome differences between emerging Varroa-parasitized and parasite-free honeybees showing the presence or absence of clinical signs of deformed wing virus (DWV) in the capped cells. A label-free proteomic analysis utilizing nanoLC coupled with an Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid mass spectrometer provided a quantitative comparison of 2316 protein hits. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the combination of Varroa parasitism and DWV clinical signs caused proteome changes that occurred in the same direction as those of Varroa alone and were approximately two-fold higher. Furthermore, proteome changes associated with DWV signs alone were positioned above Varroa in the RDA. Multiple markers indicate that Varroa activates TGF-β-induced pathways to suppress wound healing and the immune response and that the collective action of stressors intensifies these effects. Furthermore, we indicate JAK/STAT hyperactivation, p53-BCL-6 feedback loop disruption, Wnt pathway activation, Wnt/Hippo crosstalk disruption, and NF-κB and JAK/STAT signaling conflict in the Varroa–honeybee–DWV interaction. These results illustrate the higher effect of Varroa than of DWV at the time of emergence. Markers for future research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Erban
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, Prague 6-Ruzyne, CZ-161 06, Czechia.
| | - Bruno Sopko
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, Prague 6-Ruzyne, CZ-161 06, Czechia
| | - Klara Kadlikova
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, Prague 6-Ruzyne, CZ-161 06, Czechia.,Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague 6-Suchdol, CZ-165 00, Czechia
| | - Pavel Talacko
- Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, Vestec, CZ-25242, Czechia
| | - Karel Harant
- Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, Vestec, CZ-25242, Czechia
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31
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Type I interferon signaling, regulation and gene stimulation in chronic virus infection. Semin Immunol 2019; 43:101277. [PMID: 31155227 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type I Interferons (IFN-I) mediate numerous immune interactions during viral infections, from the establishment of an antiviral state to invoking and regulating innate and adaptive immune cells that eliminate infection. While continuous IFN-I signaling plays critical roles in limiting virus replication during both acute and chronic infections, sustained IFN-I signaling also leads to chronic immune activation, inflammation and, consequently, immune exhaustion and dysfunction. Thus, an understanding of the balance between the desirable and deleterious effects of chronic IFN-I signaling will inform our quest for IFN-based therapies for chronic viral infections as well as other chronic diseases, including cancer. As such the factors involved in induction, propagation and regulation of IFN-I signaling, from the initial sensing of viral nucleotides within the cell to regulatory downstream signaling factors and resulting IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) have received significant research attention. This review summarizes recent work on IFN-I signaling in chronic infections, and provides an update on therapeutic approaches being considered to counter such infections.
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32
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Poyomtip T. Roles of Toll-Like Receptor 4 for Cellular Pathogenesis in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A potential therapeutic strategy. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2019; 52:201-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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33
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Abstract
The Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are a family of transcription factors that play pivotal roles in many aspects of the immune response, including immune cell development and differentiation and regulating responses to pathogens. Three family members, IRF3, IRF5, and IRF7, are critical to production of type I interferons downstream of pathogen recognition receptors that detect viral RNA and DNA. A fourth family member, IRF9, regulates interferon-driven gene expression. In addition, IRF4, IRF8, and IRF5 regulate myeloid cell development and phenotype, thus playing important roles in regulating inflammatory responses. Thus, understanding how their levels and activity is regulated is of critical importance given that perturbations in either can result in dysregulated immune responses and potential autoimmune disease. This review will focus the role of IRF family members in regulating type I IFN production and responses and myeloid cell development or differentiation, with particular emphasis on how regulation of their levels and activity by ubiquitination and microRNAs may impact autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Jefferies
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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34
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Derynck R, Budi EH. Specificity, versatility, and control of TGF-β family signaling. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/570/eaav5183. [PMID: 30808818 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aav5183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 479] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Encoded in mammalian cells by 33 genes, the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family of secreted, homodimeric and heterodimeric proteins controls the differentiation of most, if not all, cell lineages and many aspects of cell and tissue physiology in multicellular eukaryotes. Deregulation of TGF-β family signaling leads to developmental anomalies and disease, whereas enhanced TGF-β signaling contributes to cancer and fibrosis. Here, we review the fundamentals of the signaling mechanisms that are initiated upon TGF-β ligand binding to its cell surface receptors and the dependence of the signaling responses on input from and cooperation with other signaling pathways. We discuss how cells exquisitely control the functional presentation and activation of heteromeric receptor complexes of transmembrane, dual-specificity kinases and, thus, define their context-dependent responsiveness to ligands. We also introduce the mechanisms through which proteins called Smads act as intracellular effectors of ligand-induced gene expression responses and show that the specificity and impressive versatility of Smad signaling depend on cross-talk from other pathways. Last, we discuss how non-Smad signaling mechanisms, initiated by distinct ligand-activated receptor complexes, complement Smad signaling and thus contribute to cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik Derynck
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology and Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Erine H Budi
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology and Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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35
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Eddowes LA, Al-Hourani K, Ramamurthy N, Frankish J, Baddock HT, Sandor C, Ryan JD, Fusco DN, Arezes J, Giannoulatou E, Boninsegna S, Chevaliez S, Owens BMJ, Sun CC, Fabris P, Giordani MT, Martines D, Vukicevic S, Crowe J, Lin HY, Rehwinkel J, McHugh PJ, Binder M, Babitt JL, Chung RT, Lawless MW, Armitage AE, Webber C, Klenerman P, Drakesmith H. Antiviral activity of bone morphogenetic proteins and activins. Nat Microbiol 2018; 4:339-351. [PMID: 30510168 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-018-0301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the control of viral infections is of broad importance. Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection causes decreased expression of the iron hormone hepcidin, which is regulated by hepatic bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/SMAD signalling. We found that HCV infection and the BMP/SMAD pathway are mutually antagonistic. HCV blunted induction of hepcidin expression by BMP6, probably via tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated downregulation of the BMP co-receptor haemojuvelin. In HCV-infected patients, disruption of the BMP6/hepcidin axis and genetic variation associated with the BMP/SMAD pathway predicted the outcome of infection, suggesting that BMP/SMAD activity influences antiviral immunity. Correspondingly, BMP6 regulated a gene repertoire reminiscent of type I interferon (IFN) signalling, including upregulating interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) and downregulating an inhibitor of IFN signalling, USP18. Moreover, in BMP-stimulated cells, SMAD1 occupied loci across the genome, similar to those bound by IRF1 in IFN-stimulated cells. Functionally, BMP6 enhanced the transcriptional and antiviral response to IFN, but BMP6 and related activin proteins also potently blocked HCV replication independently of IFN. Furthermore, BMP6 and activin A suppressed growth of HBV in cell culture, and activin A inhibited Zika virus replication alone and in combination with IFN. The data establish an unappreciated important role for BMPs and activins in cellular antiviral immunity, which acts independently of, and modulates, IFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy A Eddowes
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Kinda Al-Hourani
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Narayan Ramamurthy
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jamie Frankish
- Research Group "Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response", Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis (F170), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannah T Baddock
- Department of Oncology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cynthia Sandor
- Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - John D Ryan
- Centre for Liver Disease, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Dahlene N Fusco
- Liver Center, Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - João Arezes
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleni Giannoulatou
- Computational Biology Research Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Sara Boninsegna
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Surgical Gastroenterological Science, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Stephane Chevaliez
- Liver Center, Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin M J Owens
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Chia Chi Sun
- Program in Anemia Signaling Research, Nephrology Division, Program in Membrane Biology, and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paolo Fabris
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Giordani
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Diego Martines
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterological Science, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Slobodan Vukicevic
- Center for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - John Crowe
- Centre for Liver Disease, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Herbert Y Lin
- Program in Anemia Signaling Research, Nephrology Division, Program in Membrane Biology, and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jan Rehwinkel
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter J McHugh
- Department of Oncology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marco Binder
- Research Group "Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response", Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis (F170), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jodie L Babitt
- Program in Anemia Signaling Research, Nephrology Division, Program in Membrane Biology, and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raymond T Chung
- Liver Center, Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew W Lawless
- Experimental Medicine, UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew E Armitage
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Caleb Webber
- Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Hal Drakesmith
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK. .,Haematology Theme Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK.
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36
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Katsuno Y, Qin J, Oses-Prieto J, Wang H, Jackson-Weaver O, Zhang T, Lamouille S, Wu J, Burlingame A, Xu J, Derynck R. Arginine methylation of SMAD7 by PRMT1 in TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and epithelial stem-cell generation. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:13059-13072. [PMID: 29907569 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transdifferentiation (EMT) is crucial for tissue differentiation in development and drives essential steps in cancer and fibrosis. EMT is accompanied by reprogramming of gene expression and has been associated with the epithelial stem-cell state in normal and carcinoma cells. The cytokine transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) drives this program in cooperation with other signaling pathways and through TGF-β-activated SMAD3 as the major effector. TGF-β-induced SMAD3 activation is inhibited by SMAD7 and to a lesser extent by SMAD6, and SMAD6 and SMAD7 both inhibit SMAD1 and SMAD5 activation in response to the TGF-β-related bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). We previously reported that, in response to BMP, protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) methylates SMAD6 at the BMP receptor complex, thereby promoting its dissociation from the receptors and enabling BMP-induced SMAD1 and SMAD5 activation. We now provide evidence that PRMT1 also facilitates TGF-β signaling by methylating SMAD7, which complements SMAD6 methylation. We found that PRMT1 is required for TGF-β-induced SMAD3 activation, through a mechanism similar to that of BMP-induced SMAD6 methylation, and thus promotes the TGF-β-induced EMT and epithelial stem-cell generation. This critical mechanism positions PRMT1 as an essential mediator of TGF-β signaling that controls the EMT and epithelial cell stemness through SMAD7 methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Katsuno
- From the Department of Cell and Tissue Biology and Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research.,Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, and
| | - Jian Qin
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry and.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | | | - Hongjun Wang
- From the Department of Cell and Tissue Biology and Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research
| | - Olan Jackson-Weaver
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry and
| | - Tingwei Zhang
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry and
| | - Samy Lamouille
- From the Department of Cell and Tissue Biology and Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research
| | - Jian Wu
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry and
| | | | - Jian Xu
- From the Department of Cell and Tissue Biology and Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, .,Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry and.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - Rik Derynck
- From the Department of Cell and Tissue Biology and Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, .,Anatomy, and.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
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37
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Revisiting the role of IRF3 in inflammation and immunity by conditional and specifically targeted gene ablation in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:5253-5258. [PMID: 29712834 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1803936115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is a transcription regulator of cellular responses in many cell types that is known to be essential for innate immunity. To confirm IRF3's broad role in immunity and to more fully discern its role in various cellular subsets, we engineered Irf3-floxed mice to allow for the cell type-specific ablation of Irf3 Analysis of these mice confirmed the general requirement of IRF3 for the evocation of type I IFN responses in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, immune cell ontogeny and frequencies of immune cell types were unaffected when Irf3 was selectively inactivated in either T cells or B cells in the mice. Interestingly, in a model of lipopolysaccharide-induced septic shock, selective Irf3 deficiency in myeloid cells led to reduced levels of type I IFN in the sera and increased survival of these mice, indicating the myeloid-specific, pathogenic role of the Toll-like receptor 4-IRF3 type I IFN axis in this model of sepsis. Thus, Irf3-floxed mice can serve as useful tool for further exploring the cell type-specific functions of this transcription factor.
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38
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Induction of Interferon Kappa in Human Papillomavirus 16 Infection by Transforming Growth Factor Beta-Induced Promoter Demethylation. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.01714-17. [PMID: 29437968 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01714-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the major causal factor in cervical and other anogenital cancers. Because there are currently no therapeutics capable of preventing neoplastic progression of HPV infections, understanding the mechanisms of HPV-mediated persistence, including immune evasion, is a major research priority. The multifunctional growth factor transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) has been shown to inhibit expression of early viral transcripts from cells harboring integrated HPV genomes or cells infected with retroviruses expressing HPV oncoproteins. However, the mechanism of TGFβ-induced inhibition has not been fully defined. In this study, we have observed a previously uncharacterized ability of TGFβ to repress the differentiation-induced upregulation of late HPV16 gene expression. In addition, interferon kappa (IFN-κ), a keratinocyte-specific, constitutively expressed cytokine suppressed by differentiation, can be transcriptionally induced by TGFβ1. TGFβ-mediated IFN-κ transcription only occurs in cells containing HPV16, and this is due to TGFβ1-mediated reversal of HPV-induced methylation of the IFN-κ promoter through active DNA demethylation mediated by thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG). This novel interaction between growth factor and innate immune signaling may shed light on the mechanisms of HPV persistence and how the virus manipulates both immune and growth factor signaling to promote its life cycle.IMPORTANCE Persistent infection by high-risk HPVs is the primary risk factor for development of HPV-induced cancers. Persistence involves viral evasion of the immune response, including the IFN response. HPV is also known to suppress TGFβ signaling, which inhibits viral gene expression. Here, we show that the TGFβ and IFN pathways are interrelated in the context of HPV16 infection through the upregulation of IFN-κ by TGFβ. The ability of TGFβ to induce IFN-κ promoter demethylation and transcriptional activation provides a new explanation for why HPV has evolved mechanisms to inhibit TGFβ in infected cells.
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Pencheva N, de Gooijer MC, Vis DJ, Wessels LFA, Würdinger T, van Tellingen O, Bernards R. Identification of a Druggable Pathway Controlling Glioblastoma Invasiveness. Cell Rep 2018; 20:48-60. [PMID: 28683323 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse and uncontrollable brain invasion is a hallmark of glioblastoma (GBM), but its mechanism is understood poorly. We developed a 3D ex vivo organotypic model to study GBM invasion. We demonstrate that invading GBM cells upregulate a network of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including multiple collagens, whose expression correlates strongly with grade and clinical outcome. We identify interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) as a transcriptional repressor of ECM factors and show that IRF3 acts as a suppressor of GBM invasion. Therapeutic activation of IRF3 by inhibiting casein kinase 2 (CK2)-a negative regulator of IRF3-downregulated the expression of ECM factors and suppressed GBM invasion in ex vivo and in vivo models across a panel of patient-derived GBM cell lines representative of the main molecular GBM subtypes. Our data provide mechanistic insight into the invasive capacity of GBM tumors and identify a potential therapy to inhibit GBM invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Pencheva
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark C de Gooijer
- Division of Pharmacology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel J Vis
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lodewyk F A Wessels
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tom Würdinger
- Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Olaf van Tellingen
- Division of Pharmacology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - René Bernards
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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The Complex Interplay between Chronic Inflammation, the Microbiome, and Cancer: Understanding Disease Progression and What We Can Do to Prevent It. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10030083. [PMID: 29558443 PMCID: PMC5876658 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10030083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multifaceted condition, in which a senescent cell begins dividing in an irregular manner due to various factors such as DNA damage, growth factors and inflammation. Inflammation is not typically discussed as carcinogenic; however, a significant percentage of cancers arise from chronic microbial infections and damage brought on by chronic inflammation. A hallmark cancer-inducing microbe is Helicobacter pylori and its causation of peptic ulcers and potentially gastric cancer. This review discusses the recent developments in understanding microbes in health and disease and their potential role in the progression of cancer. To date, microbes can be linked to almost every cancer, including colon, pancreatic, gastric, and even prostate. We discuss the known mechanisms by which these microbes can induce cancer growth and development and how inflammatory cells may contribute to cancer progression. We also discuss new treatments that target the chronic inflammatory conditions and their associated cancers, and the impact microbes have on treatment success. Finally, we examine common dietary misconceptions in relation to microbes and cancer and how to avoid getting caught up in the misinterpretation and over inflation of the results.
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41
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Lck/Hck/Fgr-Mediated Tyrosine Phosphorylation Negatively Regulates TBK1 to Restrain Innate Antiviral Responses. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 21:754-768.e5. [PMID: 28618271 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cytosolic nucleic acid sensing elicits interferon production for primary antiviral defense through cascades controlled by protein ubiquitination and Ser/Thr phosphorylation. Here we show that TBK1, a core kinase of antiviral pathways, is inhibited by tyrosine phosphorylation. The Src family kinases (SFKs) Lck, Hck, and Fgr directly phosphorylate TBK1 at Tyr354/394, to prevent TBK1 dimerization and activation. Accordingly, antiviral sensing and resistance were substantially enhanced in Lck/Hck/Fgr triple knockout cells and ectopic expression of Lck/Hck/Fgr dampened the antiviral defense in cells and zebrafish. Small-molecule inhibitors of SFKs, which are conventional anti-tumor therapeutics, enhanced antiviral responses and protected zebrafish and mice from viral attack. Viral infection induced the expression of Lck/Hck/Fgr through TBK1-mediated mobilization of IRF3, thus constituting a negative feedback loop. These findings unveil the negative regulation of TBK1 via tyrosine phosphorylation and the functional integration of SFKs into innate antiviral immunity.
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de la Fuente C, Pinkham C, Dabbagh D, Beitzel B, Garrison A, Palacios G, Hodge KA, Petricoin EF, Schmaljohn C, Campbell CE, Narayanan A, Kehn-Hall K. Phosphoproteomic analysis reveals Smad protein family activation following Rift Valley fever virus infection. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191983. [PMID: 29408900 PMCID: PMC5800665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) infects both ruminants and humans leading to a wide variance of pathologies dependent on host background and age. Utilizing a targeted reverse phase protein array (RPPA) to define changes in signaling cascades after in vitro infection of human cells with virulent and attenuated RVFV strains, we observed high phosphorylation of Smad transcription factors. This evolutionarily conserved family is phosphorylated by and transduces the activation of TGF-β superfamily receptors. Moreover, we observed that phosphorylation of Smad proteins required active RVFV replication and loss of NSs impaired this activation, further corroborating the RPPA results. Gene promoter analysis of transcripts altered after RVFV infection identified 913 genes that contained a Smad-response element. Functional annotation of these potential Smad-regulated genes clustered in axonal guidance, hepatic fibrosis and cell signaling pathways involved in cellular adhesion/migration, calcium influx, and cytoskeletal reorganization. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation confirmed the presence of a Smad complex on the interleukin 1 receptor type 2 (IL1R2) promoter, which acts as a decoy receptor for IL-1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia de la Fuente
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Chelsea Pinkham
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Deemah Dabbagh
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Brett Beitzel
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Aura Garrison
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gustavo Palacios
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kimberley Alex Hodge
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Emanuel F. Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Connie Schmaljohn
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Aarthi Narayanan
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Kylene Kehn-Hall
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Grunwell JR, Yeligar SM, Stephenson S, Ping XD, Gauthier TW, Fitzpatrick AM, Brown LAS. TGF-β1 Suppresses the Type I IFN Response and Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Alveolar Macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:2115-2128. [PMID: 29427413 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
TGF-β1 is a pleiotropic cytokine with an established role in fibrosis; however, the immunosuppressive effects of TGF-β1 are less characterized. Elevated levels of TGF-β1 are found in patients with acute and chronic lung diseases, and the underlying disease processes are exacerbated by respiratory viral infections. The alveolar macrophage is the first line of cellular defense against respiratory viral infections, and its response to infections is dependent on environmental cues. Using the mouse alveolar macrophage line, MH-S, and human CD14+ monocyte-derived macrophages, we examined the effects of TGF-β1 on the type I IFN antiviral response, macrophage polarization, and mitochondrial bioenergetics following a challenge with human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Our results showed that TGF-β1 treatment of macrophages decreased the antiviral and proinflammatory response, and suppressed basal, maximal, spare mitochondrial respiration, and mitochondrial ATP production. Challenge with RSV following TGF-β1 treatment further exacerbated mitochondrial dysfunction. The TGF-β1 and TGF-β1+RSV-treated macrophages had a higher frequency of apoptosis and diminished phagocytic capacity, potentially through mitochondrial stress. Disruption of TGF-β1 signaling or rescue of mitochondrial respiration may be novel therapeutically targetable pathways to improve macrophage function and prevent secondary bacterial infections that complicate viral respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn R Grunwell
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322; .,Children's Healthcare of Atlanta at Egleston, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Samantha M Yeligar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033
| | - Susan Stephenson
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322; and
| | - Xiao Du Ping
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Theresa W Gauthier
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Anne M Fitzpatrick
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322; and
| | - Lou Ann S Brown
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
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Du D, Katsuno Y, Meyer D, Budi EH, Chen SH, Koeppen H, Wang H, Akhurst RJ, Derynck R. Smad3-mediated recruitment of the methyltransferase SETDB1/ESET controls Snail1 expression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. EMBO Rep 2017; 19:135-155. [PMID: 29233829 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201744250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), reprogramming of gene expression is accompanied by histone modifications. Whether EMT-promoting signaling directs functional changes in histone methylation has not been established. We show here that the histone lysine methyltransferase SETDB1 represses EMT and that, during TGF-β-induced EMT, cells attenuate SETDB1 expression to relieve this inhibition. SETDB1 also controls stem cell generation, cancer cell motility, invasion, metastatic dissemination, as well as sensitivity to certain cancer drugs. These functions may explain the correlation of breast cancer patient survival with SETDB1 expression. At the molecular level, TGF-β induces SETDB1 recruitment by Smad3, to repress Smad3/4-activated transcription of SNAI1, encoding the EMT "master" transcription factor SNAIL1. Suppression of SNAIL1-mediated gene reprogramming by SETDB1 occurs through H3K9 methylation at the SNAI1 gene that represses its H3K9 acetylation imposed by activated Smad3/4 complexes. SETDB1 therefore defines a TGF-β-regulated balance between histone methylation and acetylation that controls EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Du
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA .,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yoko Katsuno
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dominique Meyer
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erine H Budi
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Si-Han Chen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Biophysics Graduate Program University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hartmut Koeppen
- Department of Research Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rosemary J Akhurst
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Anatomy, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rik Derynck
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA .,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Anatomy, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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45
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Yao C, Han S, Park CH, Kim YJ, Lee DH, Chung JH. IRF3 signaling pathway serves an important role in poly(I:C)-induced procollagen reduction in human skin fibroblasts. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:2581-2585. [PMID: 29207132 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are part of the immune system. They can recognize pathogen‑associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Toll‑like receptors (TLRs) and retinoic acid‑inducible gene 1 (RIG‑1)‑like receptors (RLRs) are 2 types of PRR in the innate immune system. Double‑stranded RNA (dsRNA) can exist as a PAMP, including dsRNA viruses. dsRNA is known as a ligand not only for TLR3 but also for RLRs, including melanoma differentiation‑associated gene 5 and RIG‑1. Collagen is the main structural protein in the extracellular space in the skin. Recently, it was reported that treatment of a synthetic dsRNA, poly(I:C), decreases procollagen expression in skin fibroblasts. However, signaling pathways involved in this process have not yet been fully elucidated. The present study further explored the underlying signaling pathways involved in the processes. It was demonstrated by western blotting that treatment of poly(I:C), but not another PAMP, Pam3CSK4, inhibited procollagen expression in cultured human skin fibroblasts. Treatment of poly(I:C)and Pam3CSK4 induced activation of the mitogen‑activated protein kinases and the nuclear factor‑κB pathways. However, only poly(I:C), but not Pam3CSK4, induced the activation of the interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) pathway. By using specific inhibitors, it was demonstrated that inhibition of IRF3 pathway relieved poly(I:C)‑induced procollagen reduction. In conclusion, IRF3 signaling pathway serves an important role in poly(I:C)‑induced procollagen reduction in skin fibroblasts. This suggests that the IRF3 signaling pathway may be a key target for collagen regulation in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yao
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110‑744, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangbum Han
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110‑744, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Hyun Park
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110‑744, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Ji Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110‑744, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110‑744, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110‑744, Republic of Korea
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Affram KO, Mitchell K, Symes AJ. Microglial Activation Results in Inhibition of TGF-β-Regulated Gene Expression. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 63:308-319. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-0980-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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47
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Chen J, Li J, Yiu JHC, Lam JKW, Wong CM, Dorweiler B, Xu A, Woo CW. TRIF-dependent Toll-like receptor signaling suppresses Scd1 transcription in hepatocytes and prevents diet-induced hepatic steatosis. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/491/eaal3336. [PMID: 28790196 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aal3336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes a spectrum of diseases that ranges in severity from hepatic steatosis to steatohepatitis, the latter of which is a major predisposing factor for liver cirrhosis and cancer. Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, which is critical for innate immunity, is generally believed to aggravate disease progression by inducing inflammation. Unexpectedly, we found that deficiency in TIR domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon-β (TRIF), a cytosolic adaptor that transduces some TLR signals, worsened hepatic steatosis induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and that such exacerbation was independent of myeloid cells. The aggravated steatosis in Trif-/- mice was due to the increased hepatocyte transcription of the gene encoding stearoyl-coenzyme A (CoA) desaturase 1 (SCD1), the rate-limiting enzyme for lipogenesis. Activation of the TRIF pathway by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] suppressed the increase in SCD1 abundance induced by palmitic acid or an HFD and subsequently prevented lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), a transcriptional regulator downstream of TRIF, acted as a transcriptional suppressor by directly binding to the Scd1 promoter. These results suggest an unconventional metabolic function for TLR/TRIF signaling that should be taken into consideration when seeking to pharmacologically inhibit this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.,Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Jensen H C Yiu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jenny K W Lam
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chi-Ming Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.,Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Bernhard Dorweiler
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China. .,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.,Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Connie W Woo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China. .,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
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48
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Thomas BJ, Kan-O K, Loveland KL, Elias JA, Bardin PG. In the Shadow of Fibrosis: Innate Immune Suppression Mediated by Transforming Growth Factor-β. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 55:759-766. [PMID: 27603223 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0248ps] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGFB) regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and matrix homeostasis and is intimately involved in fibrosis. TGFB expression is increased in fibrotic lung diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and in chronic inflammatory conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. In addition to exhibiting profibrotic activities, the protein exhibits profound immune-suppressive actions involving both innate and adaptive responses, but often this aspect of TGFB biology is overlooked. Recent investigations have demonstrated that TGFB causes wide-ranging immune suppression, including blunting of pivotal early innate IFN responses. These activities permit severe virus infections, often followed by secondary bacterial infections, which may last longer, with augmented inflammation, scarring, fibrosis, and loss of lung function. Strategies to oppose TGFB actions or to enhance IFN responses may help ameliorate the detrimental consequences of infection in patients with diseases characterized by TGFB overexpression, inflammation, and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda J Thomas
- 1 Monash Lung and Sleep, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,2 Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases and.,3 Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Keiko Kan-O
- 1 Monash Lung and Sleep, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,2 Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases and.,3 Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Kate L Loveland
- 4 Centre of Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,3 Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Jack A Elias
- 5 Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Philip G Bardin
- 1 Monash Lung and Sleep, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,2 Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases and.,3 Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and
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49
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Yang H, Guo HZ, Li XY, Lin J, Zhang W, Zhao JM, Zhang HX, Chen SJ, Chen Z, Zhu J. Viral RNA-Unprimed Rig-I Restrains Stat3 Activation in the Modulation of Regulatory T Cell/Th17 Cell Balance. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:119-128. [PMID: 28550197 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity activation by viral RNA-primed retinoid acid inducible gene-I (Rig-I) in CD4+ T cells antagonizes TGFβ signaling to suppress the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Tregs). However, how viral RNA-unliganded Rig-I (apo-Rig-I) modulates Treg generation remains unclear. In this article, we show that, in the absence of viral infection, Treg differentiation of Rig-I-/- CD4+ T cells was compromised, in the presence of increased generation of Th17 cells and overactivation of Stat3, a critical regulator tilting the Treg/Th17 cell balance. Mechanistically, apo-Rig-I physically associates with Stat3, thereby inhibiting Jak1's association with Stat3 while facilitating Shp2's association to inhibit p-Stat3 levels. Interestingly, inhibition of Stat3 ameliorates the Treg/Th17 imbalance and the colitis observed in Rig-I-/- mice. Collectively, these results uncover an independent functional contribution of the apo-Rig-I/Stat3 interaction in the maintenance of Treg/Th17 cell balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - He-Zhou Guo
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Xian-Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Lin
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Wu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Mei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Sai-Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China; .,School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China; and.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
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Hippo signalling governs cytosolic nucleic acid sensing through YAP/TAZ-mediated TBK1 blockade. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:362-374. [PMID: 28346439 PMCID: PMC5398908 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo pathway senses cellular conditions and regulates YAP/TAZ to control cellular and tissue homeostasis, while TBK1 is central for cytosolic nucleic acid sensing and antiviral defense. The correlation between cellular nutrient/physical status and host antiviral defense is interesting but not well understood. Here we find that YAP/TAZ act as natural inhibitors of TBK1 and are vital for antiviral physiology. Independent of transcriptional regulation and through transactivation domain, YAP/TAZ associate directly with TBK1 and abolish virus-induced TBK1 activation, by preventing TBK1 K63-linked ubiquitination and adaptors/substrates binding. Accordingly, YAP/TAZ deletion/depletion or cellular conditions inactivating YAP/TAZ through Lats1/2 kinases relieve TBK1 suppression and boost antiviral responses, whereas expression of the transcriptionally inactive YAP dampens cytosolic RNA/DNA sensing and weakens the antiviral defense in cells and zebrafish. Thus, we describe a function of YAP/TAZ and the Hippo pathway in innate immunity, by linking cellular nutrient/physical status to antiviral host defense.
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