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Yachie A. Clinical perspectives and therapeutic strategies: pediatric autoinflammatory disease-a multi-faceted approach to fever of unknown origin of childhood. Inflamm Regen 2022; 42:21. [PMID: 35778759 PMCID: PMC9250222 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-022-00204-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the different etiologies for fever of unknown origin in children, infectious diseases are the most frequent final diagnosis, followed by autoimmune diseases and malignancies. Autoinflammatory diseases are relatively rare among children and are frequently overlooked as differential diagnoses for fever of unknown origin. Once the possibility of a particular autoimmune disease is considered by physicians, the diagnosis might be easily made by a genetic approach because many of autoinflammatory diseases are of monogenic origin. To reach the diagnosis, detailed history-taking, precise physical examinations, and cytokine profiling as well as extensive mutation analysis of candidate genes should be undertaken for febrile children. Such the approach will protect the patients, and their family to undergo “diagnostic odyssey” in which unnecessary and sometimes risky diagnostic and therapeutic interventions are taken. This short review discusses the clinical and laboratory features of familial Mediterranean fever and systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, as representative illnesses of monogenic and polygenic autoinflammatory diseases, respectively. Cytokine profiling and mutation analyses both help to understand and decipher the heterogeneous pathologies in both disease categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Yachie
- Division of Medical Safety, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan.
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2
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Innate Lymphoid Cells: Important Regulators of Host-Bacteria Interaction for Border Defense. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091342. [PMID: 32887435 PMCID: PMC7563982 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a recently discovered type of innate immune lymphocyte. They include three different groups classified by the nature of the transcription factors required for their development and by the cytokines they produce. ILCs mainly reside in tissues close to the mucosal barrier such as the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Due to their close proximity to the mucosal surface, ILCs are exposed to a variety of both commensal and pathogenic bacteria. Under non-pathological conditions, ILCs have been shown to be important regulators for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis by mutual interactions with the microbiome. Besides these important functions at homeostasis, several studies have also provided emerging evidence that ILCs contribute to defense against pathogenic bacterial infection by responding rapidly to the pathogens as well as orchestrating other immune cells. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the interactions of ILCs and bacteria, with special focus on the function of the different ILC subsets in bacterial infections.
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Widowati W, Jasaputra DK, Sumitro SB, Widodo MA, Mozef T, Rizal R, Kusuma HSW, Laksmitawati DR, Murti H, Bachtiar I, Faried A. Effect of interleukins (IL-2, IL-15, IL-18) on receptors activation and cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells in breast cancer cell. Afr Health Sci 2020; 20:822-832. [PMID: 33163049 PMCID: PMC7609126 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v20i2.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is one of the leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Metastasis in BC is caused by immunosurveillance deficiency, such NK cell maturation, low NK activity and decreasing cytotoxicity. This study was performed to improve activating receptors and cytotoxicity of NK cells using interleukins (ILs). METHODS Human recombinant IL-2, -15, and -18 were used to induce NK cells. We measured the activating and inhibiting receptors, proliferation activity of NK cells, and the cytotoxicity of NK cells on BC cells (MCF7). The effects of ILs were tested on the NK cell receptors CD314, CD158a and CD107a with flowcytometry, proliferation at various incubation times with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxy methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay and concentrations of TNF-α and IFN-γ by NK cells with ELISA. RESULTS ILs increased NK cell receptor levels (CD314, CD158a, and CD107a) at 24 hours of incubation. ILs increased NK cell viability, which increased with longer incubation. Moreover, ILs-induced NK cells inhibited proliferation in MCF7 cells, as well as increased TNF-α, IFN-γ, PRF1 and GzmB secretion. CONCLUSION IL-2, IL-15, and IL-18 improved activating receptors and proliferation of NK cells. IL-induced NK cells increased TNF-α, IFN-γ, PRF1 and GzmB secretion and cytotoxic activity on BC cells. High NK cell numbers increased BC cell growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahyu Widowati
- Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung 40164, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Diana K Jasaputra
- Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung 40164, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Sutiman B Sumitro
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematic and Science, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145 East Java, Indonesia
| | - Mochammad A Widodo
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Tjandrawati Mozef
- Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Serpong Banten 15310, Indonesia
| | - Rizal Rizal
- Biomolecular and Biomedical Research Center, Aretha Medika Utama, Bandung 40163, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Hanna Sari W Kusuma
- Biomolecular and Biomedical Research Center, Aretha Medika Utama, Bandung 40163, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Dian R Laksmitawati
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pancasila University, Jagakarsa, Jakarta Selatan 12640, Indonesia
| | - Harry Murti
- Stem Cell and Cancer Institute, Jl A Yani no 2 Pulo Mas, Jakarta 13210, Indonesia
| | - Indra Bachtiar
- Stem Cell and Cancer Institute, Jl A Yani no 2 Pulo Mas, Jakarta 13210, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Faried
- Department of Neurosurgery and Stem Cell Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung 40161, West Java, Indonesia
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Kroes MM, Mariman R, Hijdra D, Hamstra HJ, van Boxtel KJWM, van Putten JPM, de Wit J, Pinelli E. Activation of Human NK Cells by Bordetella pertussis Requires Inflammasome Activation in Macrophages. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2030. [PMID: 31507615 PMCID: PMC6718514 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pertussis is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. Humans are the only known natural reservoir of B. pertussis. In mice, macrophages and NK cells have a key role in confining B. pertussis to the respiratory tract. However, the mechanisms underlying this process, particularly during human infections, remain unclear. Here we characterized the activation of human macrophages and NK cells in response to B. pertussis and unraveled the role of inflammasomes in this process. NLRP3 inflammasome activation by B. pertussis in human macrophage-like THP-1 cells and primary monocyte-derived macrophages (mo-MΦ) was shown by the visualization of ASC-speck formation, pyroptosis, and the secretion of caspase-mediated IL-1β and IL-18. In contrast to macrophages, stimulation of human CD56+CD3− NK cells by B. pertussis alone did not result in activation of these cells. However, co-culture of B. pertussis-stimulated mo-MΦ and autologous NK cells resulted in high amounts of IFNγ secretion and an increased frequency of IL-2Rα+ and HLA-DR+ NK cells, indicating NK cell activation. This activation was significantly reduced upon inhibition of inflammasome activity or blocking of IL-18 in the mo-MΦ/NK cell co-culture. Furthermore, we observed increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in the B. pertussis-stimulated mo-MΦ/NK co-culture compared to the mo-MΦ single culture. Our results demonstrate that B. pertussis induces inflammasome activation in human macrophages and that the IL-18 produced by these cells is required for the activation of human NK cells, which in turn enhances the pro-inflammatory response to this pathogen. Our data provides a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in the induction of innate immune responses against B. pertussis. These findings contribute to the knowledge required for the development of improved intervention strategies to control this highly contagious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel M Kroes
- Center for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Rob Mariman
- Center for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle Hijdra
- Center for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Hendrik-Jan Hamstra
- Center for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Karlijn J W M van Boxtel
- Center for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Jos P M van Putten
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jelle de Wit
- Center for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Elena Pinelli
- Center for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
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Lee SR, Park YK, Shin BA, Park HR. Effects of tumor vaccine expressing Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor and interleukin-18 fusion on cancer cells and its possible application for cancer immunotherapy. Cytokine 2016; 89:143-154. [PMID: 26868088 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To access antitumor effects of a combined Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-18 (IL-18), cDNA fusion of murine GM-CSF and mature IL-18 (GMIL-18) was constructed and transfected in mammalian cells. GMIL-18 fusion protein was highly secreted and displayed bifunctional activities, possessing immune response initiation and cytokine roles, including IFN-γ induction in mouse splenocytes and increased proliferation of GM-CSF-dependent cells, M-NSF-60. The GMIL-18 secreting tumor vaccine was generated and it strongly stimulated differentiation of dendrite cells (DCs) and effusive CD8+ and CD4+ cell infiltration into tumor mice. Moreover, growth of CT26 mouse colon cancer cells was significantly retarded by GMIL-18 (CT26GMIL-18), but not by CT26GM-CSF- or CT26IL-18. The efficiency of prophylactic vaccination was greater than that of therapeutic vaccination in terms of tumor size and its inhibitory role in proliferation. In micrometastasis analysis of tumor models, γ-ray irradiated GMIL-18 tumor vaccine showed a smaller number of liver-meta tumor nodules in mouse liver cells. We concluded that bifunctional GMIL-18 fusion protein could be applied as an immune therapy for cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Rok Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kyu Park
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Boo Ahn Shin
- Deprtment of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Ryoung Park
- Division of Liberal Arts & Teacher Training, Kwangju Women's University, Gwangju 506-713, Republic of Korea.
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Alnabhan R, Madrigal A, Saudemont A. Differential activation of cord blood and peripheral blood natural killer cells by cytokines. Cytotherapy 2014; 17:73-85. [PMID: 25248279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Natural killer (NK) cells play important roles in the clearance of infection and transformed cells. Cord blood (CB) is currently used as a source of hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation and is a potential source of NK cells for immunotherapy. We previously showed that CB NK cells are immature and less cytotoxic as compared with peripheral blood (PB) NK cells. We aimed to identify which cytokines, among interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12, IL-15 and IL-18 and their combinations, could fully activate CB NK cells as compared with PB NK cells. METHODS We performed a comprehensive analysis of phenotype and functionality of cytokine-activated NK cells. RESULTS Our results show that the lower responsiveness of CB NK cells to IL-2 is associated with lower levels of expression of IL-2 receptors and decreased phosphorylation of STAT5 as compared with PB NK cells. Activation of CB NK cells with IL-15+18 led to the most robust proliferative response and higher interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α secretion, whereas activation with IL-15+2 promoted enhanced cytotoxicity. PB NK cells responded significantly better to IL-2 than to CB NK cells but were also fully activated with other cytokine treatments including IL-15, IL-15+2 or IL-15+18. It was also possible to use cytokines to generate memory-like NK cells, with sustained ability to produce interferon-γ, from both CB and PB. CONCLUSIONS CB NK cells are fully functional on activation with IL-15+2 or IL-15+18 rather than IL-2 alone as observed for PB NK cells. These cytokines should be considered in the future to activate CB NK cells for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab Alnabhan
- University College London, Cancer Institute, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom; Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandro Madrigal
- University College London, Cancer Institute, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom; Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aurore Saudemont
- University College London, Cancer Institute, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom; Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom.
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Li Z, Huang Y, Dong F, Li W, Ding L, Yu G, Xu D, Yang Y, Xu X, Tong D. Swainsonine promotes apoptosis in human oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo through activation of mitochondrial pathway. J Biosci 2013; 37:1005-16. [PMID: 23151791 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-012-9265-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Swainsonine, a natural indolizidine alkaloid, has been reported to have antitumour effects, and can induce apoptosis in human gastric and lung cancer cells. In the present study, we evaluated the antitumour effects of swainsonine on several oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells and investigated relative molecular mechanisms. Swainsonine treatment inhibited the growth of Eca-109, TE-1 and TE-10 cells in a concentration-dependent manner as measured by MTT assay. Morphological observation, DNA laddering detection and flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that swainsonine treatment induced Eca-109 cell apoptosis in vitro. Further results showed that swainsonine treatment up-regulated Bax, downregulated Bcl-2 expression, triggered Bax translocation to mitochondria, destructed mitochondria integrity and activated mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway, followed by the release of cytochrome c, which in turn activated caspase-9 and caspase-3, promoted the cleavage of PARP, resulting in Eca-109 cell apoptosis. Moreover, swainsonine treatment inhibited Bcl-2 expression, promoted Bax translocation, cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation in xenograft tumour cells, resulting in a significant decrease of tumour volume and tumour weight in the swainsoninetreated xenograft mice groups compared with that in the control group. Taken together, this study demonstrated that swainsonine inhibited Eca-109 cells growth through activation of mitochondria-mediated caspase-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaocal Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
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MicroRNA regulation of STAT4 protein expression: rapid and sensitive modulation of IL-12 signaling in human natural killer cells. Blood 2011; 118:6793-802. [PMID: 22077060 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-05-356162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-12 exerts several regulatory effects on natural killer (NK) cells by activating IL-12 signaling. IL-12 signaling is tightly auto-regulated to control its onset and termination, with prolonged IL-12 treatment resulting in IL-12 hyporesponsiveness. However, the mechanisms underlying IL-12 auto-regulation are still unclear. In this study we report that prolonged IL-12 treatment significantly up-regulates microRNAs (miRNAs), including miR-132, -212, and -200a in primary human NK cells. This up-regulation correlates temporally with gradually decreasing STAT4 levels and decreasing IFN-γ expression, after an initial increase within the first 16 hours of IL-12 treatment. The IL-12 hyporesponsiveness is dependent on IL-12 concentration, and associated up-regulation of miR-132, -212, and -200a. Furthermore, IL-12-hyporesponsive cells regain responsiveness of IFN-γ production 24 hours after IL-12 removal, which correlates with decreases in miR-132, -212, and -200a levels. Overexpression of miR-132, -212, and -200a by transfection into NK cells mimics IL-12 priming, inducing IL-12 hyporesponsiveness, whereas transfection of miR-132, -212, and -200a inhibitors largely abolishes IL-12 induction of IL-12 hyporesponsiveness. These data suggest that miR-132, -212, and -200a up-regulation during prolonged IL-12 treatment, negatively regulates the IL-12 signaling pathway by reducing STAT4 expression in primary human NK cells.
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