1
|
Ranjan S, Panda AK. Association of Toll-Like Receptor 7 (TLR7) Polymorphisms with Predisposition to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): A Meta and Trial Sequential Analysis. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:3350-3366. [PMID: 38103124 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10600-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by autoantibody production and organ involvement. The role of toll-like receptor-7 in SLE is well established. Although genetic variations in the TLR-7 gene have been associated with an increased risk of developing SLE, the findings are not consistent. We performed a meta-analysis of previously published articles on four important single nucleotide polymorphisms in the TLR-7 gene (rs3853839, rs179008, rs179019, and rs179010) to reach a valid conclusion. Various literature databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus, were scoured for eligible reports until May 10, 2023. GPower software v.3 was used to assess the power of individual reports included in the meta-analysis. Comprehensive Meta-analysis v3 software was used to perform all statistics. The publication biases in each genetic comparison model were investigated using funnel plots and Egger's regression test. To test heterogeneity, Cochrane Q statistics, probability value and I2 were used. Considering the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, the current study included a total of 10 eligible studies that included 15,472 SLE cases and 16,721 healthy controls. The meta-analysis revealed a significant association between TLR7 polymorphisms (rs179019 and rs179010) and susceptibility to SLE development. Other TLR7 polymorphisms (rs3853839 and rs179008), on the other hand, showed no significant association. Furthermore, the trial sequential analysis identified the need for additional case control studies for TLR-7 polymorphisms (rs3853839, rs179008, and rs179019) other than the rs179010 polymorphism. TLR7 variants for rs179010 and rs179019 are risk factor for the development of SLE. Further investigations are required to reach a valid conclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shovit Ranjan
- University Department of Zoology, Kolhan University, Chaibasa, Jharkhand, 833202, India
| | - Aditya K Panda
- ImmGen EvSys Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, Odisha, 760007, India.
- Centre of Excellence on Bioprospecting of Ethnopharmaceuticals of Southern Odisha (CoE-BESO), Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, Odisha, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pati A, Das BK, Panda AK. Elevated toll-like receptor 9 is associated with disease severity and kidney involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus. Hum Immunol 2024; 85:111104. [PMID: 39255560 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2024.111104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with the activation of both innate and adaptive immune system. Infection is a significant environmental factor that is responsible for the development of SLE. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are responsible for recognizing pathogens, and the expression of TLRs has been found to differ in SLE patients. Additionally, various infections have been reported to influence TLR expression. This study aimed to explore the relationship between TLRs and the onset, severity, and symptoms of SLE in the eastern Indian population. METHODS The study included 70 SLE patients and a control group matched for age and sex. RT-PCR was used to evaluate mRNA expression of TLRs 2, 4, 7, and 9. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism software v.10.2.3. RESULTS Patients with SLE expressed significantly higher levels of TLR2 (p < 0.0001) and TLR9 (p = 0.012) than healthy controls. In lupus nephritis, TLR9 expression was higher than in SLE patients without kidney involvement (p = 0.037). Furthermore, a significant relationship was found between TLR9 expression and systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) scores (p < 0.0001, Spearman's r = 0.47), implying the potential role of TLRs in SLE development. However, mRNA expression of TLR4 and TLR7 was not associated with SLE, clinical indices, or disease severity. CONCLUSIONS TLR9 is associated with SLE pathogenesis and clinical severity, making it a promising molecule for targeted therapy in SLE management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Pati
- ImmGen EvSys Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Berhampur University, Odisha 767007, India
| | - Bidyut K Das
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, SCB Medical College Cuttack, Odisha 753007, India
| | - Aditya K Panda
- ImmGen EvSys Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Berhampur University, Odisha 767007, India; Centre of Excellence on Bioprospecting of "Ethnopharmaceuticals of Southern Odisha" (CoE-BESO), Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, Odisha 760007, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou L, Cai SZ, Dong LL. Recent advances in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic approaches for digestive system involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Dig Dis 2024; 25:410-423. [PMID: 39317429 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.13307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of large amounts of autoantibodies and immune complex formation. Because of their atypical clinical symptoms, SLE patients with digestive system involvement may not be recognized or treated precisely and extensively. Clinicians should pay close attention to SLE with digestive system involvement, as these conditions can easily worsen the condition and possibly endanger the patient's life. In this review we summarized the pathogenesis, pathological characteristics, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and therapies for digestive system involvement in SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shao Zhe Cai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ling Li Dong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang M, Zhou J, Niu Q, Wang H. Mechanism of tacrolimus in the treatment of lupus nephritis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1331800. [PMID: 38774214 PMCID: PMC11106426 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1331800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disorder, with more than half of the patients developing lupus nephritis (LN), which significantly contributes to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The treatment of lupus nephritis has always been challenging. Tacrolimus (TAC), an effective immunosuppressant, has been increasingly used in the treatment of LN in recent years. This review aims to explore the mechanisms of action of tacrolimus in treating LN. Firstly, we briefly introduce the pharmacological properties of tacrolimus, including its role as a calcineurin (CaN) inhibitor, exerting immunosuppressive effects by inhibiting T cell activation and cytokine production. Subsequently, we focus on various other immunomodulatory mechanisms of tacrolimus in LN therapy, including its effects on T cells, B cells, and immune cells in kidney. Particularly, we emphasize tacrolimus' regulatory effect on inflammatory mediators and its importance in modulating the Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg balance. Additionally, we review its effects on actin cytoskeleton, angiotensin II (Ang II)-specific vascular contraction, and P-glycoprotein activity, summarizing its impacts on non-immune mechanisms. Finally, we summarize the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus in clinical studies and trials. Although some studies have shown significant efficacy of tacrolimus in treating LN, its safety remains a challenge. We outline the potential adverse reactions of long-term tacrolimus use and provide suggestions on effectively monitoring and managing these adverse reactions in clinical practice. In general, tacrolimus, as a novel immunosuppressant, holds promising prospects for treating LN. Of course, further research is needed to better understand its therapeutic mechanisms and ensure its safety and efficacy in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hongyue Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nakazawa-Ueji YE, Valencia-Pacheco G, González-Herrera LJ, Chan-Chalé L, Velasco-Cárdenas RMH, Carreño-Gonzalez MJ, Pérez-Mendoza G, Amaro-Adrián GI, Rodríguez-Dzul EA, Quintal-Ortiz IG, Angulo-Ramírez AV, López-Villanueva RF. Association of the polymorphisms rs179008 ( TLR7), rs2004640 ( IRF5), rs1800795 ( IL-6) and rs2280788 ( CCL5) with systemic lupus erythematosus in women of Mayan ethnicity from Yucatan. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38459707 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2024.2325438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: IFN-α is the main cytokine in SLE, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in different genes could induce it. Aim: To determine the association of rs2004640 (IRF5), rs179008 (TLR7), rs1800795 (IL-6) and rs2280788 (CCL5) with SLE in Mexican women with Mayan ethnicity. Methods: DNA and RNA were isolated from the peripheral blood of 110 patients and 200 healthy control subjects. SNP genotyping and gene expression analysis of IRF5, TLR7, IL-6 and IFN-α were determined by real-time PCR and analyzed with SNP Stat, Stata 10.1 and Graph Pad Prism v5. Results: rs2004640, rs179008, and rs1800795 in both groups were according to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Risk alleles rs179008T and rs2004640T frequencies were higher in controls (p = 0.015 and p = 0.028, respectively), whereas rs179008A frequency was higher in patients (p = 0.015). Allelic combination AGT frequency was higher in patients (p = 0.001). IL-6 rs1800795C > G and CCL5 rs2280788G > C frequencies did not show significant differences (p > 0.05), being rs2280788G (CCL5) monomorphic in controls. SLE patients showed higher TLR7, IRF5, IL6, and IFN-α mRNA levels. IRF5 expression was higher in SLE patients homozygous for rs2004640T (IRF5). Conclusion: This work showed the contribution of TLR7 and IRF5 in SLE pathogenesis in Mayan females from Yucatan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Elena Nakazawa-Ueji
- Hematology Laboratory, Regional Research Center, Autonomous University of Yucatan, Yucatan, Mexico
| | | | | | - Laureano Chan-Chalé
- Hematology Laboratory, Regional Research Center, Autonomous University of Yucatan, Yucatan, Mexico
| | | | | | - Gerardo Pérez-Mendoza
- Hematology Laboratory, Regional Research Center, Autonomous University of Yucatan, Yucatan, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Slight-Webb S, Thomas K, Smith M, Wagner CA, Macwana S, Bylinska A, Donato M, Dvorak M, Chang SE, Kuo A, Cheung P, Kalesinskas L, Ganesan A, Dermadi D, Guthridge CJ, DeJager W, Wright C, Foecke MH, Merrill JT, Chakravarty E, Arriens C, Maecker HT, Khatri P, Utz PJ, James JA, Guthridge JM. Ancestry-based differences in the immune phenotype are associated with lupus activity. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e169584. [PMID: 37606045 PMCID: PMC10543734 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.169584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) affects 1 in 537 Black women, which is >2-fold more than White women. Black patients develop the disease at a younger age, have more severe symptoms, and have a greater chance of early mortality. We used a multiomics approach to uncover ancestry-associated immune alterations in patients with SLE and healthy controls that may contribute biologically to disease disparities. Cell composition, signaling, epigenetics, and proteomics were evaluated by mass cytometry; droplet-based single-cell transcriptomics and proteomics; and bead-based multiplex soluble mediator levels in plasma. We observed altered whole blood frequencies and enhanced activity in CD8+ T cells, B cells, monocytes, and DCs in Black patients with more active disease. Epigenetic modifications in CD8+ T cells (H3K27ac) could distinguish disease activity level in Black patients and differentiate Black from White patient samples. TLR3/4/7/8/9-related gene expression was elevated in immune cells from Black patients with SLE, and TLR7/8/9 and IFN-α phospho-signaling and cytokine responses were heightened even in immune cells from healthy Black control patients compared with White individuals. TLR stimulation of healthy immune cells recapitulated the ancestry-associated SLE immunophenotypes. This multiomic resource defines ancestry-associated immune phenotypes that differ between Black and White patients with SLE, which may influence the course and severity of SLE and other diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Slight-Webb
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Kevin Thomas
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Miles Smith
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Catriona A. Wagner
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Susan Macwana
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Aleksandra Bylinska
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Michele Donato
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine; and
| | - Mai Dvorak
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine; and
| | | | - Alex Kuo
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Peggie Cheung
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Laurynas Kalesinskas
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine; and
| | - Ananthakrishnan Ganesan
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine; and
| | - Denis Dermadi
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine; and
| | - Carla J. Guthridge
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Wade DeJager
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Christian Wright
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Mariko H. Foecke
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Joan T. Merrill
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Eliza Chakravarty
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Cristina Arriens
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Purvesh Khatri
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine; and
| | - Paul J. Utz
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Judith A. James
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Joel M. Guthridge
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bous M, Schmitt C, Hans MC, Weber R, Nourkami-Tutdibi N, Tenbruck S, Haj Hamoud B, Wagenpfeil G, Kaiser E, Solomayer EF, Zemlin M, Goedicke-Fritz S. Sex Differences in the Frequencies of B and T Cell Subpopulations of Human Cord Blood. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11511. [PMID: 37511278 PMCID: PMC10380850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cord blood represents a link between intrauterine and early extrauterine development. Cord blood cells map an important time frame in human immune imprinting processes. It is unknown whether the sex of the newborn affects the lymphocyte subpopulations in the cord blood. Nine B and twenty-one T cell subpopulations were characterized using flow cytometry in human cord blood from sixteen male and twenty-one female newborns, respectively. Except for transitional B cells and naïve B cells, frequencies of B cell counts across all subsets was higher in the cord blood of male newborns than in female newborns. The frequency of naïve thymus-negative Th cells was significantly higher in male cord blood, whereas the remaining T cell subpopulations showed a higher count in the cord blood of female newborns. Our study is the first revealing sex differences in the B and T cell subpopulations of human cord blood. These results indicate that sex might have a higher impact for the developing immune system, urging the need to expand research in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Bous
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Charline Schmitt
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Muriel Charlotte Hans
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Regine Weber
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Nasenien Nourkami-Tutdibi
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Tenbruck
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Bashar Haj Hamoud
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Gudrun Wagenpfeil
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics (IMBEI), Saarland University, Campus Homburg, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaiser
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Erich-Franz Solomayer
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael Zemlin
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Sybelle Goedicke-Fritz
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yoo EJ, Oh KH, Piao H, Kang HJ, Jeong GW, Park H, Lee CJ, Ryu H, Yang SH, Kim MG, Kim DK, Park SH, Lim BJ, Lee SM, Park CY, Choi SY, Lee-Kwon W, Yang J, Kwon HM. Macrophage transcription factor TonEBP promotes systemic lupus erythematosus and kidney injury via damage-induced signaling pathways. Kidney Int 2023; 104:163-180. [PMID: 37088425 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by autoreactive B cells and dysregulation of many other types of immune cells including myeloid cells. Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common target organ manifestations of SLE. Tonicity-responsive enhancer-binding protein (TonEBP, also known as nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 (NFAT5)), was initially identified as a central regulator of cellular responses to hypertonic stress and is a pleiotropic stress protein involved in a variety of immunometabolic diseases. To explore the role of TonEBP, we examined kidney biopsy samples from patients with LN. Kidney TonEBP expression was found to be elevated in these patients compared to control patients - in both kidney cells and infiltrating immune cells. Kidney TonEBP mRNA was elevated in LN and correlated with mRNAs encoding inflammatory cytokines and the degree of proteinuria. In a pristane-induced SLE model in mice, myeloid TonEBP deficiency blocked the development of SLE and LN. In macrophages, engagement of various toll-like receptors (TLRs) that respond to damage-associated molecular patterns induced TonEBP expression via stimulation of its promoter. Intracellular signaling downstream of the TLRs was dependent on TonEBP. Therefore, TonEBP can act as a transcriptional cofactor for NF-κB, and activated mTOR-IRF3/7 via protein-protein interactions. Additionally, TonEBP-deficient macrophages displayed elevated efferocytosis and animals with myeloid deficiency of TonEBP showed reduced Th1 and Th17 differentiation, consistent with macrophages defective in TLR signaling. Thus, our data show that myeloid TonEBP may be an attractive therapeutic target for SLE and LN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jin Yoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kook-Hwan Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Honglin Piao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Je Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Won Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Jun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hee Yang
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Gyu Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ki Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Jin Lim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Young Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Youn Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea; Department of Biology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Whaseon Lee-Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseok Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyug Moo Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mohan C, Zhang T, Putterman C. Pathogenic cellular and molecular mediators in lupus nephritis. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023:10.1038/s41581-023-00722-z. [PMID: 37225921 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00722-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Kidney involvement in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus - lupus nephritis (LN) - is one of the most important and common clinical manifestations of this disease and occurs in 40-60% of patients. Current treatment regimens achieve a complete kidney response in only a minority of affected individuals, and 10-15% of patients with LN develop kidney failure, with its attendant morbidity and considerable prognostic implications. Moreover, the medications most often used to treat LN - corticosteroids in combination with immunosuppressive or cytotoxic drugs - are associated with substantial side effects. Advances in proteomics, flow cytometry and RNA sequencing have led to important new insights into immune cells, molecules and mechanistic pathways that are instrumental in the pathogenesis of LN. These insights, together with a renewed focus on the study of human LN kidney tissue, suggest new therapeutic targets that are already being tested in lupus animal models and early-phase clinical trials and, as such, are hoped to eventually lead to meaningful improvements in the care of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus-associated kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Mohan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Ting Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaim Putterman
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
- Division of Rheumatology and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hawtin S, André C, Collignon-Zipfel G, Appenzeller S, Bannert B, Baumgartner L, Beck D, Betschart C, Boulay T, Brunner HI, Ceci M, Deane J, Feifel R, Ferrero E, Kyburz D, Lafossas F, Loetscher P, Merz-Stoeckle C, Michellys P, Nuesslein-Hildesheim B, Raulf F, Rush JS, Ruzzante G, Stein T, Zaharevitz S, Wieczorek G, Siegel R, Gergely P, Shisha T, Junt T. Preclinical characterization of the Toll-like receptor 7/8 antagonist MHV370 for lupus therapy. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101036. [PMID: 37196635 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Genetic and in vivo evidence suggests that aberrant recognition of RNA-containing autoantigens by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 7 and 8 drives autoimmune diseases. Here we report on the preclinical characterization of MHV370, a selective oral TLR7/8 inhibitor. In vitro, MHV370 inhibits TLR7/8-dependent production of cytokines in human and mouse cells, notably interferon-α, a clinically validated driver of autoimmune diseases. Moreover, MHV370 abrogates B cell, plasmacytoid dendritic cell, monocyte, and neutrophil responses downstream of TLR7/8. In vivo, prophylactic or therapeutic administration of MHV370 blocks secretion of TLR7 responses, including cytokine secretion, B cell activation, and gene expression of, e.g., interferon-stimulated genes. In the NZB/W F1 mouse model of lupus, MHV370 halts disease. Unlike hydroxychloroquine, MHV370 potently blocks interferon responses triggered by specific immune complexes from systemic lupus erythematosus patient sera, suggesting differentiation from clinical standard of care. These data support advancement of MHV370 to an ongoing phase 2 clinical trial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Hawtin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cédric André
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Simone Appenzeller
- Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology, and Traumatology, School of Medical Science, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, 13083-887 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bettina Bannert
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lea Baumgartner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Damian Beck
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Betschart
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Boulay
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hermine I Brunner
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Melanie Ceci
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Deane
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, La Jolla, CA 92121, USA
| | - Roland Feifel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Ferrero
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Diego Kyburz
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frederique Lafossas
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pius Loetscher
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Pierre Michellys
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, La Jolla, CA 92121, USA
| | | | - Friedrich Raulf
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - James S Rush
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Ruzzante
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Stein
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Samantha Zaharevitz
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, La Jolla, CA 92121, USA
| | - Grazyna Wieczorek
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Richard Siegel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Gergely
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tamas Shisha
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Junt
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The role of non-coding RNA in lupus nephritis. Hum Cell 2023; 36:923-936. [PMID: 36840837 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00883-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a common autoimmune disease with multiple manifestations. The renal implication, also called lupus nephritis (LN) is the most regular type of complication and results in adverse outcomes. Multiple studies revealed the importance of non-coding RNA in diseases, likewise observed in nephropathies, particularly LN. Long-non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a group of RNA that are more than 200 nucleotides in length. And in circular RNA (circRNA), the head and tail of RNA are connected by a 3' → 5' phosphodiester bond. Both two types of non-coding RNA play important roles in LN pathogenesis through the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) effect. LncRNAs and circRNAs can sponge miRNAs and consequently act on downstream signaling pathways, which are capable to influence various aspects of LN, including cell proliferation, inflammation, and oxidative stress. And lncRNAs and circRNAs have the potential to act as biomarkers to diagnose LN and distinguish whether SLE patients with LN or not. In the future, lncRNAs and circRNAs may be accessible therapeutic targets.
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu H, Xie H, Li C, Wang L, Chen Q, Ouyang X, Yan C. Diaporisoindole B Reduces Lipid Accumulation in THP-1 Macrophage Cells via MAPKs and PPARγ-LXRα Pathways and Promotes the Reverse Cholesterol Transport by Upregulating SR-B1 and LDLR in HepG2 Cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:2769-2778. [PMID: 36399085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Diaporisoindole B (DPB), an isoprenylisoindole alkaloid isolated from the mangrove endophytic fungus Diaporthe sp. SYSU-HQ3, has been proved to have a good anti-inflammatory activity in macrophage cells. In this study, we found that DPB was able to reduce lipid accumulation in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells. DPB could inhibit the lipid influx-related gene CD36 and increase the expression of lipid efflux-related genes ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), ATP binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1), and scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1). Moreover, DPB elevated low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) protein expression in HepG2 cells, which can increase the transport of LDL. Meanwhile, DPB could downregulate the expression levels of proteins related to cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis. Further study showed that DPB could activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and inhibit mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that DPB could reduce lipid accumulation in THP-1 macrophage cells by reducing the intake of lipids and promoting the efflux of lipids and also could promote the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) mechanism by upregulating SR-B1 and LDLR in HepG2 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongju Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, 1 Xincheng Avenue, Dongguan 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyi Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, 1 Xincheng Avenue, Dongguan 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Changqun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, 1 Xincheng Avenue, Dongguan 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, 1 Xincheng Avenue, Dongguan 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiling Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, 1 Xincheng Avenue, Dongguan 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Ouyang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, 1 Xincheng Avenue, Dongguan 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, 1 Xincheng Avenue, Dongguan 523808, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chaudhari S, D'Souza BM, Morales JY, Young-Stubbs CM, Shimoura CG, Ma R, Mathis KW. Renal TLR-7/TNF-α pathway as a potential female-specific mechanism in the pathogenesis of autoimmune-induced hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H1331-H1342. [PMID: 36367687 PMCID: PMC9744658 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00286.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is prevalent in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The goal of the current study is to track the pathogenesis of hypertension and renal injury in SLE, identify contributory mechanisms, and highlight differences in disease development among sexes. Mean arterial pressure was measured in conscious male and female SLE (NZBWF1) and control (NZW) mice at 34-35 wk of age using indwelling arterial catheters. Measures of renal injury, renal inflammation, and renal hemodynamics were used to monitor the potential contributors to latent sex differences. Both male and female SLE mice were hypertensive at 35 wk of age, and the hypertension was linked to renal injury in females, but not in males. A known contributor of renal pathology in SLE, Toll-like receptor (TLR)-7, and its downstream effector, the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, were lower in male SLE mice than in females. Male SLE mice also had higher glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and lower renal vascular resistance (RVR) than females. Our data suggest that although hypertension in female SLE mice is associated with renal mechanisms, hypertension in male SLE mice may develop independent of renal changes. Future studies will continue to dissect sex-specific factors that should be considered when treating patients with hypertension with underlying chronic inflammation and/or autoimmunity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY There is a high prevalence of hypertension in male and female SLE; however, male SLE mice are hypertensive without renal involvement. The development of hypertension in female SLE mice is renocentric and strongly associated with injurious renal mechanisms like the TLR-7→TNF-α pathway. This clear difference in the pathogenesis among the sexes could have a significant impact on how we treat patients with hypertension with underlying chronic autoimmune/inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Chaudhari
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Bradley M D'Souza
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Jessica Y Morales
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Cassandra M Young-Stubbs
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Caroline G Shimoura
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Keisa W Mathis
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nataraja C, Flynn J, Dankers W, Northcott M, Zhu W, Sherlock R, Bennett TJ, Russ BE, Miceli I, Pervin M, D'Cruz A, Harris J, Morand EF, Jones SA. GILZ regulates type I interferon release and sequesters STAT1. J Autoimmun 2022; 131:102858. [PMID: 35810690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids remain a mainstay of modern medicine due to their ability to broadly suppress immune activation. However, they cause severe adverse effects that warrant urgent development of a safer alternative. The glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) gene, TSC22D3, is one of the most highly upregulated genes in response to glucocorticoid treatment, and reduced GILZ mRNA and protein levels are associated with increased severity of inflammation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Ulcerative Colitis, Psoriasis, and other autoimmune/autoinflammatory diseases. Here, we demonstrate that low GILZ permits expression of a type I interferon (IFN) signature, which is exacerbated in response to TLR7 and TLR9 stimulation. Conversely, overexpression of GILZ prevents IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) up-regulation in response to IFNα. Moreover, GILZ directly binds STAT1 and prevents its nuclear translocation, thereby negatively regulating IFN-induced gene expression and the auto-amplification loop of the IFN response. Thus, GILZ powerfully regulates both the expression and action of type I IFN, suggesting restoration of GILZ as an attractive therapeutic strategy for reducing reliance on glucocorticoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Champa Nataraja
- Rheumatology Research Group, Monash University Centre for Inflammatory Disease, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, 3168, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Flynn
- Rheumatology Research Group, Monash University Centre for Inflammatory Disease, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, 3168, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Wendy Dankers
- Rheumatology Research Group, Monash University Centre for Inflammatory Disease, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, 3168, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melissa Northcott
- Rheumatology Research Group, Monash University Centre for Inflammatory Disease, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, 3168, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Wendy Zhu
- Rheumatology Research Group, Monash University Centre for Inflammatory Disease, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, 3168, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rochelle Sherlock
- Rheumatology Research Group, Monash University Centre for Inflammatory Disease, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, 3168, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Taylah J Bennett
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Brendan E Russ
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Iolanda Miceli
- Rheumatology Research Group, Monash University Centre for Inflammatory Disease, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, 3168, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mehnaz Pervin
- Rheumatology Research Group, Monash University Centre for Inflammatory Disease, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, 3168, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Akshay D'Cruz
- Rheumatology Research Group, Monash University Centre for Inflammatory Disease, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, 3168, Melbourne, Australia
| | - James Harris
- Rheumatology Research Group, Monash University Centre for Inflammatory Disease, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, 3168, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Eric F Morand
- Rheumatology Research Group, Monash University Centre for Inflammatory Disease, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, 3168, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah A Jones
- Rheumatology Research Group, Monash University Centre for Inflammatory Disease, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, 3168, Melbourne, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Alduraibi F, Fatima H, Hamilton JA, Chatham WW, Hsu HC, Mountz JD. Lupus nephritis correlates with B cell interferon-β, anti-Smith, and anti-DNA: a retrospective study. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:87. [PMID: 35436902 PMCID: PMC9014622 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02766-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), detection of interferon-β (IFNβ) in B cells was found to be most prominent in patients with high anti-Smith (Sm) and renal disease, but a mechanistic connection was not clear. The objective of the present study is to determine the association of IFNβ in peripheral blood naïve B cells with the histopathological features of lupus nephritis (LN). Methods The percentage of IFNβ+ cells in IgD+CD27− naïve CD19+ B cells (B cell IFNβ) among peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 80 SLE patients were analyzed using flow cytometry. Serological and clinical data were collected. The correlations of B cell IFNβ with LN classification and with histopathological findings (light, electron, and immunofluorescence [IF] microscopic analyses for deposition of IgM, IgG, IgA, C1q, and C3) were determined in 23 available biopsy specimens. Results B cell IFNβ is positively associated with anti-Sm (p = 0.001), anti-DNA (p = 0.013), and LN (p < 0.001) but was negatively associated with oral/nasal ulcer (p = 0.003) and photosensitivity (p = 0.045). B cell IFNβ positively correlated with immune complex (IC) deposit in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) (p = 0.002) but not in the mesangial (p = 0.107) or tubular region (p = 0.313). Patients with high B cell IFNβ had statistically increased development of the proliferative LN (Classes III, IV and/or V), compared to patients with low B cell IFNβ (p < 0.0001). Histopathological features positively associated with increased B cell IFNβ included active glomerular lesions as determined by fibrocellular crescents (p = 0.023), chronic glomerular lesions indicated by segmental sclerosis (p = 0.033), and a membranous pattern of renal damage indicated by spike/holes (p = 0.015). Conclusion B cell IFNβ correlates with history of severe LN, glomerular basement membrane (GBM) IC deposition, and anatomical features of both active and chronic glomerular lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Alduraibi
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Medicine Service, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huma Fatima
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jennie A Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 920 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - W Winn Chatham
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hui-Chen Hsu
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - John D Mountz
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. .,Medicine Service, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bolouri N, Akhtari M, Farhadi E, Mansouri R, Faezi ST, Jamshidi A, Mahmoudi M. Role of the innate and adaptive immune responses in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:537-554. [PMID: 35298669 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01554-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the most common form of lupus, is a multisystemic rheumatic disease with different clinical features that generally affect women of childbearing age. The common symptoms of SLE are very similar to other autoimmune and non-autoimmune disorders, thereby it is known as a thousand faces disease. In this article, we are going to discuss some of the most updated information about immune system-related factors, cells, and cytokines involved in SLE pathogenesis. METHODS Different electronic databases, especially PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar, were searched to review and analyze relevant literature on the role of innate and adaptive immune cells and cytokines in the pathogenesis of SLE. A search for relevant literature was accomplished using various keywords including systemic lupus erythematosus, apoptosis, autoantibodies, immunopathogenesis of SLE, adaptive and innate immune cells, inflammatory cytokines, hormones, etc. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The most important characteristic of SLE is the production of antibodies against different nuclear autoantigens like double-strand DNA and RNA. The depositions of the immune complexes (ICs) that are generated between autoantibodies and autoantigens, along with aberrant clearance of them, can lead to permanent inflammation and contribute to tissue or organ damage. Related mechanisms underlying the initiation and development of SLE have not been clarified yet. Although, defects in immune tolerance, enhanced antigenic load, hyperactivity of T cells, and inappropriate regulation of B cells contribute to the pathogenic autoantibodies generation. Besides, sex hormones that influence the immune system seem to act as triggers or protectors of SLE development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Bolouri
- Immunology Department, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Akhtari
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Farhadi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Mansouri
- Immunology Department, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Tahereh Faezi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Jamshidi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahmoudi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Han VX, Jones HF, Patel S, Mohammad SS, Hofer MJ, Alshammery S, Maple-Brown E, Gold W, Brilot F, Dale RC. Emerging evidence of Toll-like receptors as a putative pathway linking maternal inflammation and neurodevelopmental disorders in human offspring: A systematic review. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 99:91-105. [PMID: 34562595 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is increasingly recognised to play a major role in gene-environment interactions in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). The effects of aberrant immune responses to environmental stimuli in the mother and in the child can affect neuroimmune signalling that is central to brain development. Toll-like receptors (TLR) are the best known innate immune pattern and danger recognition sensors to various environmental threats. In animal models, maternal immune activation (MIA), secondary to inflammatory factors including maternal gestational infection, obesity, diabetes, and stress activate the TLR pathway in maternal blood, placenta, and fetal brain, which correlate with offspring neurobehavioral abnormalities. Given the central role of TLR activation in animal MIA models, we systematically reviewed the human evidence for TLR activation and response to stimulation across the maternal-fetal interface. Firstly, we included 59 TLR studies performed in peripheral blood of adults in general population (outside of pregnancy) with six chronic inflammatory factors which have epidemiological evidence for increased risk of offspring NDDs, namely, obesity, diabetes mellitus, depression, low socio-economic status, autoimmune diseases, and asthma. Secondly, eight TLR studies done in human pregnancies with chronic inflammatory factors, involving maternal blood, placenta, and cord blood, were reviewed. Lastly, ten TLR studies performed in peripheral blood of individuals with NDDs were included. Despite these studies, there were no studies which examined TLR function in both the pregnant mother and their offspring. Increased TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA and/or protein levels in peripheral blood were common in obesity, diabetes mellitus, depression, autoimmune thyroid disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. To a lesser degree, TLR 3, 7, 8, and 9 activation were found in peripheral blood of humans with autoimmune diseases and depression. In pregnancy, increased TLR4 mRNA levels were found in the peripheral blood of women with diabetes mellitus and systemic lupus erythematosus. Placental TLR activation was found in mothers with obesity or diabetes. Postnatally, dysregulated TLR response to stimulation was found in peripheral blood of individuals with NDDs. This systematic review found emerging evidence that TLR activation may represent a mechanistic link between maternal inflammation and offspring NDD, however the literature is incomplete and longitudinal outcome studies are lacking. Identification of pathogenic mechanisms in MIA could create preventive and therapeutic opportunities to mitigate NDD prevalence and severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Velda X Han
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Khoo-Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hannah F Jones
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neuroservices, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Shrujna Patel
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shekeeb S Mohammad
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Markus J Hofer
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; The Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarah Alshammery
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Molecular Neurobiology Research Laboratory, Kids Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, and The Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma Maple-Brown
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Molecular Neurobiology Research Laboratory, Kids Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, and The Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wendy Gold
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Molecular Neurobiology Research Laboratory, Kids Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, and The Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fabienne Brilot
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Molecular Neurobiology Research Laboratory, Kids Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, and The Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Russell C Dale
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; The Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Targeting interferon-γ in hyperinflammation: opportunities and challenges. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2021; 17:678-691. [PMID: 34611329 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-021-00694-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-γ (IFNγ) is a pleiotropic cytokine with multiple effects on the inflammatory response and on innate and adaptive immunity. Overproduction of IFNγ underlies several, potentially fatal, hyperinflammatory or immune-mediated diseases. Several data from animal models and/or from translational research in patients point to a role of IFNγ in hyperinflammatory diseases, such as primary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, various forms of secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, including macrophage activation syndrome, and cytokine release syndrome, all of which are often managed by rheumatologists or in consultation with rheumatologists. Given the effects of IFNγ on B cells and T follicular helper cells, a role for IFNγ in systemic lupus erythematosus pathogenesis is emerging. To improve our understanding of the role of IFNγ in human disease, IFNγ-related biomarkers that are relevant for the management of hyperinflammatory diseases are progressively being identified and studied, especially because circulating levels of IFNγ do not always reflect its overproduction in tissue. These biomarkers include STAT1 (specifically the phosphorylated form), neopterin and the chemokine CXCL9. IFNγ-neutralizing agents have shown efficacy in the treatment of primary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in clinical trials and initial promising results have been obtained in various forms of secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, including macrophage activation syndrome. In clinical practice, there is a growing body of evidence supporting the usefulness of circulating CXCL9 levels as a biomarker reflecting IFNγ production.
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Effective regulation of immune-cell activation is critical for ensuring that the immune response, and inflammation generated for the purpose of pathogen elimination, are limited in space and time to minimize tissue damage. Autoimmune disease can occur when immunoreceptor signaling is dysregulated, leading to unrestrained inflammation and organ damage. Conversely, tumors can coopt the tissue healing and immunosuppressive functions of hematopoietic cells to promote metastasis and evade therapy. The Src-family kinase Lyn is an essential regulator of immunoreceptor signaling, initiating both proinflammatory and suppressive signaling pathways in myeloid immune cells (eg, neutrophils, dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages) and in B lymphocytes. Defects in Lyn signaling are implicated in autoimmune disease, but mechanisms by which Lyn, expressed along with a battery of other Src-family kinases, may uniquely direct both positive and negative signaling remain incompletely defined. This review describes our current understanding of the activating and inhibitory contributions of Lyn to immunoreceptor signaling and how these processes contribute to myeloid and B-cell function. We also highlight recent work suggesting that the 2 proteins generated by alternative splicing of lyn, LynA and LynB, differentially regulate both immune and cancer-cell signaling. These principles may also extend to other Lyn-expressing cells, such as neuronal and endocrine cells. Unraveling the common and cell-specific aspects of Lyn function could lead to new approaches to therapeutically target dysregulated pathways in pathologies ranging from autoimmune and neurogenerative disease to cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben F Brian
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Current Affiliation: Current affiliation for B.F.B.: Division of Immunology & Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tanya S Freedman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Correspondence: Tanya S. Freedman, PhD, University of Minnesota Twin Cities Campus: University of Minnesota, 6-120 Jackson Hall, 321 Church St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Skewing of type I interferon (IFN) production and responses is a hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Genetic and environmental contributions to IFN production lead to aberrant innate and adaptive immune activation even before clinical development of disease. Basic and translational research in this arena continues to identify contributions of IFNs to disease pathogenesis, and several promising therapeutic options for targeting of type I IFNs and their signaling pathways are in development for treatment of SLE patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sirisha Sirobhushanam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, 5568 MSRB 2, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 49109, USA
| | - Stephanie Lazar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, 5568 MSRB 2, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 49109, USA
| | - J Michelle Kahlenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, 5570A MSRB 2, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 49109, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, 5570A MSRB 2, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 49109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Overexpression of TLR7 and TLR9 Occurs Before Onset Symptoms In First-Degree Relatives of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Arch Med Res 2021; 53:86-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
22
|
The Immunomodulatory Effect of the Gut Microbiota in Kidney Disease. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:5516035. [PMID: 34095319 PMCID: PMC8140847 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5516035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is a complex cluster composed of 100 trillion microorganisms, which holds a symbiotic relationship with the host under normal circumstances. Intestinal flora can facilitate the treatment of human metabolic dysfunctions and interact with the intestinal tract, which could influence intestinal tolerance, immunity, and sensitivity to inflammation. In recent years, significant interests have evolved on the association of intestinal microbiota and kidney diseases within the academic circle. Abnormal changes in intestinal microbiota, known as dysbiosis, can affect the integrity of the intestinal barrier, resulting in the bacterial translocation, production, and accumulation of dysbiotic gut-derived metabolites, such as urea, indoxyl sulfate (IS), and p-cresyl sulfate (PCS). These processes lead to the abnormal activation of immune cells; overproduction of antibodies, immune complexes, and inflammatory factors; and inflammatory cell infiltration that can directly or indirectly cause damage to the renal parenchyma. The aim of this review is to summarize the role of intestinal flora in the development and progression of several renal diseases, such as lupus nephritis, chronic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy, and renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Further research on these mechanisms should provide insights into the therapeutic potential of regulating intestinal flora and intervening related molecular targets for the abovementioned nephropathy.
Collapse
|
23
|
Song S, De S, Nelson V, Chopra S, LaPan M, Kampta K, Sun S, He M, Thompson CD, Li D, Shih T, Tan N, Al-Abed Y, Capitle E, Aranow C, Mackay M, Clapp WL, Barnes BJ. Inhibition of IRF5 hyperactivation protects from lupus onset and severity. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:6700-6717. [PMID: 32897883 PMCID: PMC7685739 DOI: 10.1172/jci120288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor IFN regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) is a central mediator of innate and adaptive immunity. Genetic variations within IRF5 are associated with a risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and mice lacking Irf5 are protected from lupus onset and severity, but how IRF5 functions in the context of SLE disease progression remains unclear. Using the NZB/W F1 model of murine lupus, we show that murine IRF5 becomes hyperactivated before clinical onset. In patients with SLE, IRF5 hyperactivation correlated with dsDNA titers. To test whether IRF5 hyperactivation is a targetable function, we developed inhibitors that are cell permeable, nontoxic, and selectively bind to the inactive IRF5 monomer. Preclinical treatment of NZB/W F1 mice with an inhibitor attenuated lupus pathology by reducing serum antinuclear autoantibodies, dsDNA titers, and the number of circulating plasma cells, which alleviated kidney pathology and improved survival. Clinical treatment of MRL/lpr and pristane-induced lupus mice with an inhibitor led to significant reductions in dsDNA levels and improved survival. In ex vivo human studies, the inhibitor blocked SLE serum-induced IRF5 activation and reversed basal IRF5 hyperactivation in SLE immune cells. We believe this study provides the first in vivo clinical support for treating patients with SLE with an IRF5 inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Song
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Saurav De
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.,Rutgers Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Victoria Nelson
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Samin Chopra
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Margaret LaPan
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Kyle Kampta
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Shan Sun
- Center for Molecular Innovation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Mingzhu He
- Center for Molecular Innovation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Cherrie D Thompson
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Dan Li
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Tiffany Shih
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Natalie Tan
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Yousef Al-Abed
- Center for Molecular Innovation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Eugenio Capitle
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Cynthia Aranow
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Meggan Mackay
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - William L Clapp
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Betsy J Barnes
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.,Departments of Molecular Medicine and Pediatrics, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Paradowska-Gorycka A, Wajda A, Stypinska B, Walczuk E, Rzeszotarska E, Walczyk M, Haladyj E, Romanowska-Prochnicka K, Felis-Giemza A, Lewandowska A, Olesińska M. Variety of endosomal TLRs and Interferons (IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ) expression profiles in patients with SLE, SSc and MCTD. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 204:49-63. [PMID: 33336388 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3/-7/-8/-9 and interferon (IFN)-α/β/γ mRNA expression in whole blood and serum IFN-α/β/γ levels in patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and systemic sclerosis (SSc) and in healthy subjects to assess the association between the TLR-IFN expression and severity of and susceptibility to diseases, and identify potential biomarkers. Expression of the IFN-γ, TLR-3 and TLR-8 was detected only in SLE patients. TLR-7, IFN-α and IFN-β expression was highest in SLE, while TLR-9 expression was highest in SSc patients. In SLE and MCTD patients a strong correlation was observed between TLR-7 and IFN-α expression and IFN-β and IFN-α expression. In MCTD patients, negative correlation between IFN-α and TLR-9 and TLR-7 and TLR-9 was revealed. TLR-9 expression in anti-U1-70k-negative, anti-C negative and anti-SmB-negative MCTD patients was higher than in MCTD-positive patients. We observed negative correlations between serum IFN-α levels and TLR-7 expression and C3 and C4 levels in SLE patients. In SLE patients we observed that with increased IFN-γ, TLR-3 and TLR-8 expression increased the value of C3 and C4. Our results confirmed that the endosomal TLR-IFN pathway seems to be more important in SLE than in MCTD or SSc, and that IFN-α and IFN-β may be possible biomarkers for SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Paradowska-Gorycka
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Wajda
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
| | - B Stypinska
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Walczuk
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Rzeszotarska
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Walczyk
- Department of Connective Tissue Diseases, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Haladyj
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - K Romanowska-Prochnicka
- Department of Connective Tissue Diseases, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of General and Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CEPT), Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Felis-Giemza
- Department of Connective Tissue Diseases, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Lewandowska
- Department of Connective Tissue Diseases, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Olesińska
- Department of Connective Tissue Diseases, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Coit P, Ortiz-Fernandez L, Lewis EE, McCune WJ, Maksimowicz-McKinnon K, Sawalha AH. A longitudinal and transancestral analysis of DNA methylation patterns and disease activity in lupus patients. JCI Insight 2020; 5:143654. [PMID: 33108347 PMCID: PMC7710270 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.143654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic dysregulation is implicated in the pathogenesis of lupus. We performed a longitudinal analysis to assess changes in DNA methylation in lupus neutrophils over 4 years of follow-up and across disease activity levels using 229 patient samples. We demonstrate that DNA methylation profiles in lupus are partly determined by ancestry-associated genetic variations and are highly stable over time. DNA methylation levels in 2 CpG sites correlated significantly with changes in lupus disease activity. Progressive demethylation in SNX18 was observed with increasing disease activity in African American patients. Importantly, demethylation of a CpG site located within GALNT18 was associated with the development of active lupus nephritis. Differentially methylated genes between African American and European American lupus patients include type I IFN-response genes such as IRF7 and IFI44, and genes related to the NF-κB pathway. TREML4, which plays a vital role in TLR signaling, was hypomethylated in African American patients and demonstrated a strong cis-methylation quantitative trait loci (cis-meQTL) effect among 8855 cis-meQTL associations identified in our study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Coit
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Graduate Program in Immunology and
| | - Lourdes Ortiz-Fernandez
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emily E. Lewis
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - W. Joseph McCune
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Amr H. Sawalha
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Lupus Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Amor S, Fernández Blanco L, Baker D. Innate immunity during SARS-CoV-2: evasion strategies and activation trigger hypoxia and vascular damage. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 202:193-209. [PMID: 32978971 PMCID: PMC7537271 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune sensing of viral molecular patterns is essential for development of antiviral responses. Like many viruses, SARS-CoV-2 has evolved strategies to circumvent innate immune detection, including low cytosine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) levels in the genome, glycosylation to shield essential elements including the receptor-binding domain, RNA shielding and generation of viral proteins that actively impede anti-viral interferon responses. Together these strategies allow widespread infection and increased viral load. Despite the efforts of immune subversion, SARS-CoV-2 infection activates innate immune pathways inducing a robust type I/III interferon response, production of proinflammatory cytokines and recruitment of neutrophils and myeloid cells. This may induce hyperinflammation or, alternatively, effectively recruit adaptive immune responses that help clear the infection and prevent reinfection. The dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system due to down-regulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, the receptor for SARS-CoV-2, together with the activation of type I/III interferon response, and inflammasome response converge to promote free radical production and oxidative stress. This exacerbates tissue damage in the respiratory system, but also leads to widespread activation of coagulation pathways leading to thrombosis. Here, we review the current knowledge of the role of the innate immune response following SARS-CoV-2 infection, much of which is based on the knowledge from SARS-CoV and other coronaviruses. Understanding how the virus subverts the initial immune response and how an aberrant innate immune response contributes to the respiratory and vascular damage in COVID-19 may help to explain factors that contribute to the variety of clinical manifestations and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Amor
- Pathology DepartmentVUMC, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Blizard InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonUK
| | | | - D. Baker
- Blizard InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonUK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Federico S, Pozzetti L, Papa A, Carullo G, Gemma S, Butini S, Campiani G, Relitti N. Modulation of the Innate Immune Response by Targeting Toll-like Receptors: A Perspective on Their Agonists and Antagonists. J Med Chem 2020; 63:13466-13513. [PMID: 32845153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damaged-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and they are involved in the regulation of innate immune system. These transmembrane receptors, localized at the cellular or endosomal membrane, trigger inflammatory processes through either myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) or TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) signaling pathways. In the last decades, extensive research has been performed on TLR modulators and their therapeutic implication under several pathological conditions, spanning from infections to cancer, from metabolic disorders to neurodegeneration and autoimmune diseases. This Perspective will highlight the recent discoveries in this field, emphasizing the role of TLRs in different diseases and the therapeutic effect of their natural and synthetic modulators, and it will discuss insights for the future exploitation of TLR modulators in human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Federico
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Pozzetti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Papa
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Gabriele Carullo
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Sandra Gemma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Stefania Butini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola Relitti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zheng N, Xie K, Ye H, Dong Y, Wang B, Luo N, Fan J, Tan J, Chen W, Yu X. TLR7 in B cells promotes renal inflammation and Gd-IgA1 synthesis in IgA nephropathy. JCI Insight 2020; 5:136965. [PMID: 32699192 PMCID: PMC7453916 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.136965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
TLR7 has been linked to the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis, but its precise roles are not clear. In this study, we evaluated the roles of TLR7 in IgA nephropathy (IgAN). TLR7 proteins were abundant in CD19+ B cells infiltrated in the kidneys of patients with IgAN. The intensities of both intrarenal TLR7 and CD19 proteins were closely associated with kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] and serum creatinine concentration) and renal histopathology (tubular atrophy, leukocyte infiltration, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and global glomerulosclerosis) in patients with IgAN. Meanwhile, TLR7 mRNA levels were significantly increased in peripheral blood B cells of patients with IgAN. TLR7+CD19+ B cells expressed inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-12) in kidneys and produced high levels of IgA1 and galactose deficient-IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) in peripheral blood of patients with IgAN. Mechanistically, TLR7 activated B cells to produce high levels of Gd-IgA1 via the TLR7-GALNT2 axis in IgAN. Protein levels of GALNT2 were increased by overexpression of TLR7, while they were reduced by TLR7 knockdown in B cells. GALNT2 overexpression augmented Gd-IgA1 production in B cells derived from patients with IgAN. Taken together, high TLR7 expression in B cells has dual roles in the development and progression of IgAN, by facilitating renal inflammation and Gd-IgA1 antibody synthesis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Antigens, CD19/blood
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Biomarkers/blood
- Female
- Galactose/blood
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Glomerular Filtration Rate/genetics
- Glomerulonephritis, IGA/blood
- Glomerulonephritis, IGA/genetics
- Glomerulonephritis, IGA/immunology
- Glomerulonephritis, IGA/pathology
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Immunoglobulin A/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin A/blood
- Immunoglobulin A/immunology
- Inflammation/blood
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/pathology
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases/blood
- RNA, Messenger/blood
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/blood
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/genetics
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/immunology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Toll-Like Receptor 7/blood
- Young Adult
- Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuoyan Zheng
- Translational Medical Center and
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaifeng Xie
- Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hongjian Ye
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Dong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Guangzhou International Travel Health Care Center, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ning Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinjin Fan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqing Tan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueqing Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Slight-Webb S, Smith M, Bylinska A, Macwana S, Guthridge C, Lu R, Merrill JT, Chakravarty E, Arriens C, Munroe ME, Maecker HT, Utz PJ, Guthridge JM, James JA. Autoantibody-positive healthy individuals with lower lupus risk display a unique immune endotype. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 146:1419-1433. [PMID: 32446964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune diseases comprise a spectrum of illnesses and are on the rise worldwide. Although antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) are detected in many autoimmune diseases, up to 20% of healthy women are ANA-positive (ANA+) and most will never develop clinical symptoms. Furthermore, disease transition is higher among ANA+ African Americans compared with ANA+ European Americans. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the immune features that might define and prevent transition to clinical autoimmunity in ANA+ healthy individuals. METHODS We comprehensively phenotyped immune profiles of African Americans and European Americans who are ANA-negative (ANA-) healthy, ANA+ healthy, or have SLE using single cell mass cytometry, next-generation RNA-sequencing, multiplex cytokine profiling, and phospho-signaling analyses. RESULTS We found that, compared with both ANA- and ANA+ healthy individuals, patients with SLE of both races displayed T-cell expansion and elevated expression of type I and II interferon pathways. We discovered a unique immune signature that suggests a suppressive immune phenotype and reduced CD11C+ autoimmunity-associated B cells in healthy ANA+ European Americans that is absent in their SLE or even healthy ANA- counterparts, or among African American cohorts. In contrast, ANA+ healthy African Americans exhibited elevated expression of T-cell activation markers and higher plasma levels of IL-6 than did healthy ANA+ European Americans. CONCLUSIONS We propose that this novel immune signature identified in ANA+ healthy European Americans may protect them from T-cell expansion, heightened activation of interferon pathways, and disease transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Slight-Webb
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Okla
| | - Miles Smith
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Okla
| | - Aleksandra Bylinska
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Okla
| | - Susan Macwana
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Okla
| | - Carla Guthridge
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Okla
| | - Rufei Lu
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Okla; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Okla
| | - Joan T Merrill
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Okla
| | - Eliza Chakravarty
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Okla
| | - Cristina Arriens
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Okla; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Okla; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Okla
| | - Melissa E Munroe
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Okla
| | - Holden T Maecker
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Paul J Utz
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Joel M Guthridge
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Okla; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Okla
| | - Judith A James
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Okla; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Okla; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Okla.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is a form of glomerulonephritis that constitutes one of the most severe organ manifestations of the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Most patients with SLE who develop LN do so within 5 years of an SLE diagnosis and, in many cases, LN is the presenting manifestation resulting in the diagnosis of SLE. Understanding of the genetic and pathogenetic basis of LN has improved substantially over the past few decades. Treatment of LN usually involves immunosuppressive therapy, typically with mycophenolate mofetil or cyclophosphamide and with glucocorticoids, although these treatments are not uniformly effective. Despite increased knowledge of disease pathogenesis and improved treatment options, LN remains a substantial cause of morbidity and death among patients with SLE. Within 10 years of an initial SLE diagnosis, 5-20% of patients with LN develop end-stage kidney disease, and the multiple comorbidities associated with immunosuppressive treatment, including infections, osteoporosis and cardiovascular and reproductive effects, remain a concern. Clearly, early and accurate diagnosis of LN and prompt initiation of therapy are of vital importance to improve outcomes in patients with SLE.
Collapse
|
31
|
Li XL, Zhang Z, Zhang H. Expression Level of TLR9, but not Hypomethylation, Is Correlated With SLE Disease Activity. Physiol Res 2019; 68:973-980. [PMID: 31647295 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the associations of hypomethylation and over expression of the TLR9 gene with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Fifteen SLE patients who were diagnosed and not treated, were selected as cases, and 32 healthy subjects were enrolled as controls. DNA and total RNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were extracted. The methylation status of the promoter region CpG motifs of the TLR9 gene was quantitatively measured using bisulfite sequencing PCR, and the mRNA expression of the TLR9 gene was determined using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. The methylation level of the 10 TLR9 CpG motifs of gene did not show difference between cases and controls (P>0.05). By contrast, we observed an abnormal increase of TLT9 mRNA expression in patients (P=9.379×10(-8)), which was significantly correlated with SLEDAI (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index) (P=9.018×10(-7)). The change of TLR9 gene expression may play an important role in the pathogenesis of SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lan Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Second affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
McKernan DP. Pattern recognition receptors as potential drug targets in inflammatory disorders. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2019; 119:65-109. [PMID: 31997773 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are a key part of the innate immune system, the body's first line of defense against infection and tissue damage. This superfamily of receptors including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), C-type lectin-like receptors (CLRs) and RIG-like receptors (RLRs) are responsible for initiation of the inflammatory response by their recognition of molecular patterns present in invading microorganisms (such as bacteria, viruses or fungi) during infection or in molecules released following tissue damage during acute or chronic disease states (such as sepsis or arthritis). These receptors are widely expressed and located on the cell surface, in intracellular compartments or in the cytoplasm can detect a single or subset of molecules including lipoproteins, carbohydrates or nucleic acids. In response, they initiate an intracellular signaling cascade that culminates in the synthesis and release of cytokines, chemokines and vasoactive molecules. These steps are necessary to maintain tissue homeostasis and remove potentially dangerous pathogens. However, during extreme or acute responses or during chronic disease, this can be damaging and even lead to death. Therefore, it is thought that targeting such receptors may offer a therapeutic approach in chronic inflammatory diseases or in cases of acute infection leading to sepsis. Herein, the current knowledge on the molecular biology of PRRs is reviewed along with their association with inflammatory and infectious diseases. Finally, the testing of therapeutic compounds and their future merit as targets is discussed.
Collapse
|
33
|
Raafat II, El Guindy N, Shahin RMH, Samy LA, El Refai RM. Toll-like receptor 7 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms and the risk for systemic lupus erythematosus: a case-control study. Z Rheumatol 2019; 77:416-420. [PMID: 28243744 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-017-0283-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern-recognition receptors which play a role in eliciting innate/adaptive immune responses and developing chronic inflammation. So, the aim of this study was to analyze the effect of TLR7 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs3853839 and rs179019 on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) susceptibility and to assess their relations with various clinical and laboratory data of the patients. METHODS This is a case-control study including 50 SLE female patients and 50 healthy controls. TLR7 rs3853839 and rs179019 genotyping was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) TaqMan-based allelic discrimination assay. RESULTS Regarding rs3853839, there was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of the genotypes between SLE patients and the control group in our study (P = 0.009). A significant association was detected between TLR7 genotypes (rs385389) and lupus nephritis (p = 0.021). Regarding rs179019, there was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of the genotypes between SLE patients and the control group in our study (P = 0.271) CONCLUSION: This study revealed the plausible role of TLR7 rs3853839 SNP in SLE in Egyptian women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I I Raafat
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kasr Al Ainy Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - N El Guindy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kasr Al Ainy Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - R M H Shahin
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kasr Al Ainy Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - L A Samy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kasr Al Ainy Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - R M El Refai
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Kasr Al Ainy Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ryu C, Brandsdorfer C, Adams T, Hu B, Kelleher DW, Yaggi M, Manning EP, Walia A, Reeves B, Pan H, Winkler J, Minasyan M, Dela Cruz CS, Kaminski N, Gulati M, Herzog EL. Plasma mitochondrial DNA is associated with extrapulmonary sarcoidosis. Eur Respir J 2019; 54:13993003.01762-2018. [PMID: 31273041 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01762-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is an unpredictable granulomatous disease in which African Americans disproportionately experience aggressive phenotypes. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) released by cells in response to various stressors contributes to tissue remodelling and inflammation. While extracellular mtDNA has emerged as a biomarker in multiple diseases, its relevance to sarcoidosis remains unknown. We aimed to define an association between extracellular mtDNA and clinical features of sarcoidosis.Extracellular mtDNA concentrations were measured using quantitative PCR for the human MT-ATP6 gene in bronchoalveolar (BAL) and plasma samples from healthy controls and patients with sarcoidosis from The Yale Lung Repository; associations between MT-ATP6 concentrations and Scadding stage, extrapulmonary disease and demographics were sought. Results were validated in the Genomic Research in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency and Sarcoidosis cohort.Relative to controls, MT-ATP6 concentrations in sarcoidosis subjects were robustly elevated in the BAL fluid and plasma, particularly in the plasma of patients with extrapulmonary disease. Relative to Caucasians, African Americans displayed excessive MT-ATP6 concentrations in the BAL fluid and plasma, for which the latter compartment correlated with significantly higher odds of extrapulmonary disease.Enrichments in extracellular mtDNA in sarcoidosis are associated with extrapulmonary disease and African American descent. Further study into the mechanistic basis of these clinical findings may lead to novel pathophysiologic and therapeutic insights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changwan Ryu
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Caitlin Brandsdorfer
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Taylor Adams
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Buqu Hu
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dylan W Kelleher
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Madeleine Yaggi
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Edward P Manning
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anjali Walia
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Benjamin Reeves
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hongyi Pan
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Julia Winkler
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Maksym Minasyan
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Charles S Dela Cruz
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mridu Gulati
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Equal contribution
| | - Erica L Herzog
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA .,Equal contribution
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
BANK1 interacts with TRAF6 and MyD88 in innate immune signaling in B cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 17:954-965. [PMID: 31243359 PMCID: PMC7608278 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0254-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence supports a possible role of BANK1 in innate immune signaling in B cells. In the present study, we investigated the interaction of BANK1 with two key mediators in interferon and inflammatory cytokine production, TRAF6 and MyD88. We revealed by coimmunoprecipitation (CoIP) analyses the binding of BANK1 with TRAF6 and MyD88, which were mediated by the BANK1 Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain. In addition, the natural BANK1–40C variant showed increased binding to MyD88. Next, we demonstrated in mouse splenic B cells that BANK1 colocalized with Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and TLR9 and that after stimulation with TLR7 and TLR9 agonists, the number of double-positive BANK1–TLR7, –TLR9, –TRAF6, and –MyD88 cells increased. Furthermore, we identified five TRAF6-binding motifs (BMs) in BANK1 and confirmed by point mutations and decoy peptide experiments that the C-terminal domain of BANK1-full-length (-FL) and the N-terminal domain of BANK1–Delta2 (-D2) are necessary for this binding. Functionally, we determined that the absence of the TIR domain in BANK1–D2 is important for its lysine (K)63-linked polyubiquitination and its ability to produce interleukin (IL)-8. Overall, our study describes a specific function of BANK1 in MyD88–TRAF6 innate immune signaling in B cells, clarifies functional differences between the two BANK1 isoforms and explains for the first time a functional link between autoimmune phenotypes including SLE and the naturally occurring BANK1–40C variant.
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang T, Marken J, Chen J, Tran VB, Li QZ, Li M, Cerosaletti K, Elkon KB, Zeng X, Giltiay NV. High TLR7 Expression Drives the Expansion of CD19 +CD24 hiCD38 hi Transitional B Cells and Autoantibody Production in SLE Patients. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1243. [PMID: 31231380 PMCID: PMC6559307 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling through Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) drives the production of type I IFN and promotes the activation of autoreactive B cells and is implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). While TLR7 has been extensively studied in murine lupus, much less is known about its role in the pathogenesis of human SLE. Genetic studies support a link between the TLR7 rs3853839 C/G polymorphism, which affects TLR7 mRNA turnover, and SLE susceptibility; however, the effects of this polymorphism on B cells have not been studied. Here we determined how changes in TLR7 expression affect peripheral B cells and auto-Ab production in SLE patients. High TLR7 expression in SLE patients driven by TLR7 rs3853839 C/G polymorphism was associated with more active disease and upregulation of IFN-responsive genes. TLR7hi SLE patients showed an increase in peripheral B cells. Most notably, the percentage and numbers of CD19+CD24++CD38++ newly-formed transitional (TR) B cells were increased in TLR7hi SLE patients as compared to HCs and TLR7norm/lo SLE patients. Using auto-Ab arrays, we found an increase and enrichment of auto-Ab specificities in the TLR7hi SLE group, including the production of anti-RNA/RNP-Abs. Upon in vitro TLR7 ligand stimulation, TR B cells isolated from TLR7hi but not TLR7norm/lo SLE patients produced anti-nuclear auto-Abs (ANA). Exposure of TR B cells isolated from cord blood to IFNα induced the expression of TLR7 and enabled their activation in response to TLR7 ligation in vitro. Our study shows that overexpression of TLR7 in SLE patients drives the expansion of TR B cells. High TLR7 signaling in TR B cells promotes auto-Ab production, supporting a possible pathogenic role of TR B cells in human SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - John Marken
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Janice Chen
- Translational Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Van Bao Tran
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Quan-Zhen Li
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Mengtao Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Karen Cerosaletti
- Translational Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Keith B Elkon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Natalia V Giltiay
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yi X, Xu E, Xiao Y, Cai X. Evaluation of the Relationship Between Common Variants in the TLR-9 Gene and Hip Osteoarthritis Susceptibility. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2019; 23:373-379. [PMID: 31066581 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2019.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Hip osteoarthritis (HOA) is one of the most common types of osteoarthritis and affects nearly 10% of men and 18% of women who are >60 years of age worldwide. It has been demonstrated to be a genetic disease with a 50% heritability risk. Recently, the TLR-9 gene has been associated with knee OA in both Turkish and Chinese populations, but the relationship between the TLR-9 gene and HOA has not been evaluated. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between the common genetic variants in the TLR-9 gene and the predisposition of Han Chinese individuals to HOA. Methods: A total of 730 HOA patients and 1220 healthy controls were recruited in a hospital-based case-control study. Six common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the TLR-9 gene were selected for genotyping, and genetic association analyses were performed using both single-marker and haplotype-based methods. Results: The SNP rs187084 was found to be significantly associated with the risk of HOA after a Bonferroni correction (adjusted allelic p-values with age, gender, and body mass index [BMI] = 0.0008). The results indicated that the A allele of rs187084 is a risk allele for HOA and is likely to be a predisposing factor leading to an increased risk of HOA (adjusted odds ratio with age, gender, and BMI = 1.26, 95% confidence interval = 1.10-1.43). The results of the haplotype analyses confirmed a similar pattern to the SNP analyses. Conclusions: Our study provides strong evidence that variations in the TLR-9 gene are closely linked with genetic susceptibility to HOA in the Han Chinese population. This finding furthers the role of TLR-9 in the development and occurrence of OA in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Yi
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Erdi Xu
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanfeng Xiao
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuan Cai
- 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Afarid M, Azimi A, Malekzadeh M. Evaluation of serum interferons in patients with age-related macular degeneration. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 24:24. [PMID: 31007694 PMCID: PMC6450131 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_363_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Environmental, genetic, and immunological factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In an attempt to better understand the pathogenesis of AMD, in this study, we evaluated the serum interferon (IFN) levels in patients with AMD and compared it with persons without AMD. Materials and Methods: In this case–control study, 42 patients with AMD and 42 healthy individuals (without AMD) were enrolled as the case and control groups, respectively. The two groups were matched regarding their age and sex. We classified the case group as dry-type and wet-type AMD. Blood samples were obtained and the serum was collected and frozen at −20°C. Alpha-, beta-, and gamma-IFN levels were measured using the sandwich ELISA method and compared between and within the groups. Results: The mean beta IFN levels in both case and control groups were 46.88 ± 27.25 pg/ml and 34.90 ± 18.81 pg/ml (P = 0.021), respectively. Regarding gamma and alpha IFN, the serum levels were not detectable in most of the patients and no significant difference was detected between the case and control groups. Conclusion: We found that serum beta IFN levels are higher in patients with AMD. This finding may have diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic value in AMD patients and can be a beginning for further evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Afarid
- Department of Ophthalmology, Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Azimi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahyar Malekzadeh
- School of Medicine, Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
The role of microbiota in the pathogenesis of lupus: Dose it impact lupus nephritis? Pharmacol Res 2019; 139:191-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
40
|
Joseph S, George NI, Green-Knox B, Treadwell EL, Word B, Yim S, Lyn-Cook B. Epigenome-wide association study of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in systemic lupus erythematosus: Identifying DNA methylation signatures associated with interferon-related genes based on ethnicity and SLEDAI. J Autoimmun 2018; 96:147-157. [PMID: 30301579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE or lupus) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease characterized by the involvement of multiple organs and the production of antinuclear antibodies. DNA methylation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of lupus. We have performed an epigenome-wide DNA methylation study in lupus and healthy control (non-lupus) subjects to identify epigenetic patterns in lupus characterized ethnicity and SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI). A total of fifty-seven lupus patients (39 African American (AA) and 18 European American (EA)) and 33 healthy controls (17 AA and 16 EA) were studied. Differential DNA methylation between lupus patients and controls was assessed for approximately 485,000 CpG sites across the genome. We identified 41 differentially methylated sites (associated with 30 genes) between lupus and control s subjects, 85% of which were hypomethylated. Significant hypomethylation of differentially methylated sites was associated with several interferon-related genes, including MX1, IFI44L, PARP9, DT3XL, IFIT1, IFI44, RSAD2, PLSCR1, and IRF7. Several of these associated genes were also hypomethylated in comparisons between AA lupus and AA non-lupus subjects and between lupus patients with SLEDAI>6 and non-lupus subjects. Our analysis of gene expression data through RT-PCR confirmed these findings. Thus, the results indicate epigenetics susceptibility in lupus, which may be associated with SLEDAI score and ethnicity. In addition, our findings support the importance of the Type 1 interferon pathway in lupus pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stancy Joseph
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Nysia I George
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Bridgett Green-Knox
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | | | - Beverly Word
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Sarah Yim
- Center for Drug Evaluation, White Oak, MD, USA
| | - Beverly Lyn-Cook
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Li X, Zhang X, Pan Y, Shi G, Ren J, Fan H, Dou H, Hou Y. mTOR regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation via reactive oxygen species in murine lupus. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:888-896. [PMID: 30060081 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are protein complexes responsible for the release of IL-1 family cytokines, and they play critical roles in immunity and inflammation. The best-characterized inflammasome, the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, is involved in the development of multiple autoimmune diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms of abnormal NLRP3 inflammasome activation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remain elusive. Here, western blot analysis was used to detect the level of NLRP3 components and mTORC1/2 substrate in the kidney tissues from B6.MRL-FASlpr/J lupus mice and C57BL/6 mice, and the results showed that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1/2 (mTORC1/2) and the NLRP3 inflammasome were hyperactivated in B6.MRL-FASlpr/J lupus mice. The inhibition of mTOR by INK128, a novel mTORC1/2 inhibitor, suppressed LPS/ATP and LPS/nigericin-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) in vitro. INK128 decreased both the mRNA and protein levels of NLRP3 in an NF-κB-independent manner. Moreover, we reported for the first time that the inhibition of mTOR suppressed mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in BMDMs stimulated by an NLRP3 agonist. Furthermore, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a ROS inhibitor, decreased NLRP3 expression, and rotenone, a robust ROS inducer, partially reversed the inhibitory effect of INK128 on NLRP3. These results demonstrated that mTOR regulated the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome at least partially via ROS-induced NLRP3 expression. Importantly, in vivo data demonstrated that INK128 treatment prominently attenuated lupus nephritis and suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation in B6.MRL-FASlpr/J lupus mice. Taken together, our results suggest that activation of mTOR/ROS/NLRP3 signaling may contribute to the development of SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuefang Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuchen Pan
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoping Shi
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongye Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Dou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yayi Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sakata K, Nakayamada S, Miyazaki Y, Kubo S, Ishii A, Nakano K, Tanaka Y. Up-Regulation of TLR7-Mediated IFN-α Production by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1957. [PMID: 30210502 PMCID: PMC6121190 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Aberrant and persistent production of interferon-α (IFN-α) by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) is known to play a key role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). To assess the precise function of pDCs in SLE patients, we investigated the differential regulation of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and TLR9 responses during IFN-α production by pDCs. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in SLE patients without hydroxychloroquine treatment, rheumatoid arthritis patients and heathy controls were stimulated with TLR7 and TLR9 agonists. To investigate the priming effect by cytokines, PBMCs from healthy controls were pre-treated with various cytokines and stimulated with TLR7 and TLR9 agonists. The IFN-α production in pDCs was detected by flow cytometry. Results: TLR7-mediated IFN-α production was up-regulated and correlated positively with disease activity in SLE. Conversely, TLR9-mediated IFN-α production was down-regulated. Differential regulation of TLR7/9 response in SLE was independent of TLR7 and TLR9 expression levels. Furthermore, in vitro experiments indicated that TLR7-mediated IFN-α production was up-regulated by pre-treatment with type I IFN, whereas TLR9-mediated IFN-α production was down-regulated by pre-treatment with type II IFN. Conclusions: Our study indicates the association between up-regulation of TLR7- mediated IFN-α production by pDCs and disease activity and that TLR7 and TLR9 responses were reversely regulated on pDCs in SLE patients. Thus, type I IFN and TLR7-mediated IFN-α production were involved in a vicious cycle, causing hyper production of IFN-α by pDCs during the pathogenic processes of SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Sakata
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.,Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shingo Nakayamada
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yusuke Miyazaki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kubo
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Akina Ishii
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.,Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakano
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Tanaka
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid resistance in systemic lupus erythematosus: A review. Life Sci 2018; 209:383-387. [PMID: 30125579 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with glucocorticoids (GCs) is quite effective; however, GC resistance or insensitivity is a major barrier to the treatment of SLE. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the underlying mechanisms that lead to GC resistance. Much evidence shows that the mechanism of GC resistance is very complicated. GC receptor is involved in the main mechanism of GC resistance and was illustrated by a lot of literature. Therefore, this paper focuses on the GC resistance mechanisms of non-glucocorticoids receptor, including P-gp, MIF, TLR9, and Th17 cells. These molecular mechanisms may help diagnose GC resistance and provide an alternative treatment strategy to reverse GC resistance by blocking the underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
The pathogenesis of systemic autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is based on the loss of self-tolerance against ubiquitous autoantigens involving all mechanisms of adaptive immunity. However, data accumulating over the last decade imply an important role also for numerous elements of innate immunity, namely the Toll-like receptors in the pathogenesis of SLE. Here we discuss their role in the most common organ complication of SLE, i.e. lupus nephritis. We summarize experimental and clinical data on the expression and functional contribution of the Toll-like receptors in immune complex glomerulonephritis, and intrarenal inflammation. Based on these discoveries Toll-like receptors are evolving as therapeutic targets for the treatment of SLE and lupus nephritis.
Collapse
|
45
|
|
46
|
Kim Y, Shim SC. Wolves Trapped in the NETs–The Pathogenesis of Lupus Nephritis. JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2018. [DOI: 10.4078/jrd.2018.25.2.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young Kim
- Division of Internal Medicine, Daejeon Veterans Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seung Cheol Shim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon Rheumatoid and Degenerative Arthritis Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Association between TLR-9 gene rs187084 polymorphism and knee osteoarthritis in a Chinese population. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170844. [PMID: 28916728 PMCID: PMC5643737 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex disease that is induced by many genetic risk variants and other factors. To examine the role of toll-like receptor 9 (TLR-9) in OA patients, we conducted a case–control study involving 215 knee OA (KOA) patients and 215 controls in a Chinese population. Genotyping with a custom-by-design 48-Plex single nucleotide polymorphism Scan™ Kit showed the TLR-9 gene rs187084 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of KOA. Stratification analyses further validated this finding among old people (age ≥ 55 years). In conclusion, TLR-9 gene rs187084 polymorphism is positively correlated with susceptibility to KOA, especially among old people. Nevertheless, this finding should be confirmed by larger size studies with more ethnic populations.
Collapse
|
48
|
Both T, van de Peppel HJ, Zillikens MC, Koedam M, van Leeuwen JPTM, van Hagen PM, van Daele PLA, van der Eerden BCJ. Hydroxychloroquine decreases human MSC-derived osteoblast differentiation and mineralization in vitro. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:873-882. [PMID: 28975700 PMCID: PMC5783866 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently showed that patients with primary Sjögren Syndrome (pSS) have significantly higher bone mineral density (BMD) compared to healthy controls. The majority of those patients (69%) was using hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), which may have favourable effects on BMD. To study the direct effects of HCQ on human MSC‐derived osteoblast activity. Osteoblasts were cultured from human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). Cultures were treated with different HCQ doses (control, 1 and 5 µg/ml). Alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium measurements were performed to evaluate osteoblast differentiation and activity, respectively. Detailed microarray analysis was performed in 5 µg/ml HCQ‐treated cells and controls followed by qPCR validation. Additional cultures were performed using the cholesterol synthesis inhibitor simvastatin (SIM) to evaluate a potential mechanism of action. We showed that HCQ inhibits both MSC‐derived osteoblast differentiation and mineralization in vitro. Microarray analysis and additional PCR validation revealed a highly significant up‐regulation of the cholesterol biosynthesis, lysosomal and extracellular matrix pathways in the 5 µg/ml HCQ‐treated cells compared to controls. Besides, we demonstrated that 1 µM SIM also decreases MSC‐derived osteoblast differentiation and mineralization compared to controls. It appears that the positive effect of HCQ on BMD cannot be explained by a stimulating effect on the MSC‐derived osteoblast. The discrepancy between high BMD and decreased MSC‐derived osteoblast function due to HCQ treatment might be caused by systemic factors that stimulate bone formation and/or local factors that reduce bone resorption, which is lacking in cell cultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Both
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Jeroen van de Peppel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marijke Koedam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes P T M van Leeuwen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Martin van Hagen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul L A van Daele
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bram C J van der Eerden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Effects of oral Lactobacillus administration on antioxidant activities and CD4+CD25+forkhead box P3 (FoxP3)+ T cells in NZB/W F1 mice. Br J Nutr 2017; 118:333-342. [PMID: 28901888 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517002112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that is characterised by a dysregulation of the immune system, which causes inflammation responses, excessive oxidative stress and a reduction in the number of cluster of differentiation (CD)4+CD25+forkhead box P3 (FoxP3)+ T cells. Supplementation with certain Lactobacillus strains has been suggested to be beneficial in the comprehensive treatment of SLE. However, little is known about the effect and mechanism of certain Lactobacillus strains on SLE. To investigate the effects of Lactobacillus on SLE, NZB/W F1 mice were orally gavaged with Lactobacillus paracasei GMNL-32 (GMNL-32), Lactobacillus reuteri GMNL-89 (GMNL-89) and L. reuteri GMNL-263 (GMNL-263). Supplementation with GMNL-32, GMNL-89 and GMNL-263 significantly increased antioxidant activity, reduced IL-6 and TNF-α levels and significantly decreased the toll-like receptors/myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 signalling in NZB/W F1 mice. Notably, supplementation with GMNL-263, but not GMNL-32 and GMNL-89, in NZB/W F1 mice significantly increased the differentiation of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T cells. These findings reveal beneficial effects of GMNL-32, GMNL-89 and GMNL-263 on NZB/W F1 mice and suggest that these specific Lactobacillus strains can be used as part of a comprehensive treatment of SLE patients.
Collapse
|
50
|
Gao W, Xiong Y, Li Q, Yang H. Inhibition of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling as a Promising Therapy for Inflammatory Diseases: A Journey from Molecular to Nano Therapeutics. Front Physiol 2017; 8:508. [PMID: 28769820 PMCID: PMC5516312 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The recognition of invading pathogens and endogenous molecules from damaged tissues by toll-like receptors (TLRs) triggers protective self-defense mechanisms. However, excessive TLR activation disrupts the immune homeostasis by sustained pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines production and consequently contributes to the development of many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), infection-associated sepsis, atherosclerosis, and asthma. Therefore, inhibitors/antagonists targeting TLR signals may be beneficial to treat these disorders. In this article, we first briefly summarize the pathophysiological role of TLRs in the inflammatory diseases. We then focus on reviewing the current knowledge in both preclinical and clinical studies of various TLR antagonists/inhibitors for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases. These compounds range from conventional small molecules to therapeutic biologics and nanodevices. In particular, nanodevices are emerging as a new class of potent TLR inhibitors for their unique properties in desired bio-distribution, sustained circulation, and preferred pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles. More interestingly, the inhibitory activity of these nanodevices can be regulated through precise nano-functionalization, making them the next generation therapeutics or “nano-drugs.” Although, significant efforts have been made in developing different kinds of new TLR inhibitors/antagonists, only limited numbers of them have undergone clinical trials, and none have been approved for clinical uses to date. Nevertheless, these findings and continuous studies of TLR inhibition highlight the pharmacological regulation of TLR signaling, especially on multiple TLR pathways, as future promising therapeutic strategy for various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Ye Xiong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|