1
|
Huang P, Zhu Y, Qin J. Research advances in understanding crosstalk between organs and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:4147-4164. [PMID: 39044309 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Obesity has increased dramatically worldwide. Being overweight or obese can lead to various conditions, including dyslipidaemia, hypertension, glucose intolerance and metabolic syndrome (MetS), which may further lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Previous studies have identified a link between β-cell dysfunction and the severity of MetS, with multiple organs and tissues affected. Identifying the associations between pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and organs is critical. Research has focused on the interaction between the liver, gut and pancreatic β-cells. However, the mechanisms and related core targets are still not perfectly elucidated. The aims of this review were to summarize the mechanisms of β-cell dysfunction and to explore the potential pathogenic pathways and targets that connect the liver, gut, adipose tissue, muscle, and brain to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunling Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Qin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Exertier C, Antonelli L, Fiorillo A, Bernardini R, Colotti B, Ilari A, Colotti G. Sorcin in Cancer Development and Chemotherapeutic Drug Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2810. [PMID: 39199583 PMCID: PMC11352664 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16162810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
SOluble Resistance-related Calcium-binding proteIN (sorcin) earned its name due to its co-amplification with ABCB1 in multidrug-resistant cells. Initially thought to be an accidental consequence of this co-amplification, recent research indicates that sorcin plays a more active role as an oncoprotein, significantly impacting multidrug resistance (MDR). Sorcin is a highly expressed calcium-binding protein, often overproduced in human tumors and multidrug-resistant cancers, and is a promising novel MDR marker. In tumors, sorcin levels inversely correlate with both patient response to chemotherapy and overall prognosis. Multidrug-resistant cell lines consistently exhibit higher sorcin expression compared to their parental counterparts. Furthermore, sorcin overexpression via gene transfection enhances drug resistance to various chemotherapeutic drugs across numerous cancer lines. Conversely, silencing sorcin expression reverses drug resistance in many cell lines. Sorcin participates in several mechanisms of MDR, including drug efflux, drug sequestering, cell death inhibition, gene amplification, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The present review focuses on the structure and function of sorcin, on sorcin's role in cancer and drug resistance, and on the approaches aimed at targeting sorcin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Exertier
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council (IBPM-CNR), c/o Department Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Ed. CU027, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.E.); (A.I.)
| | - Lorenzo Antonelli
- Department Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Ed. CU027, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (A.F.)
| | - Annarita Fiorillo
- Department Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Ed. CU027, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (A.F.)
| | - Roberta Bernardini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Beatrice Colotti
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Child Neuropsychiatry School, University Hospital of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Andrea Ilari
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council (IBPM-CNR), c/o Department Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Ed. CU027, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.E.); (A.I.)
| | - Gianni Colotti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council (IBPM-CNR), c/o Department Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Ed. CU027, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.E.); (A.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Orioli L, Canouil M, Sawadogo K, Ning L, Deldicque L, Lause P, de Barsy M, Froguel P, Loumaye A, Deswysen Y, Navez B, Bonnefond A, Thissen JP. Identification of myokines susceptible to improve glucose homeostasis after bariatric surgery. Eur J Endocrinol 2023; 189:409-421. [PMID: 37638789 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvad122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE AND OBJECTIVE The identification of myokines susceptible to improve glucose homeostasis following bariatric surgery could lead to new therapeutic approaches for type 2 diabetes. METHODS Changes in the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) test were assessed in patients before and 3 months after bariatric surgery. Changes in myokines expression and circulating levels were assessed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Myokines known to regulate glucose homeostasis were identified using literature (targeted study) and putative myokines using RNA-sequencing (untargeted study). A linear regression analysis adjusted for age and sex was used to search for associations between changes in the HOMA test and changes in myokines. RESULTS In the targeted study, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression was upregulated (+30%, P = .006) while BDNF circulating levels were decreased (-12%, P = .001). Upregulated BDNF expression was associated with decreased HOMA of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (adjusted estimate [95% confidence interval {CI}]: -0.51 [-0.88 to -0.13], P = .010). Decreased BDNF serum levels were associated with decreased HOMA of beta-cell function (HOMA-B) (adjusted estimate [95% CI] = 0.002 [0.00002-0.0031], P = .046). In the untargeted study, upregulated putative myokines included XYLT1 (+64%, P < .001), LGR5 (+57, P< .001), and SPINK5 (+46%, P < .001). Upregulated LGR5 was associated with decreased HOMA-IR (adjusted estimate [95% CI] = -0.50 [-0.86 to -0.13], P = .009). Upregulated XYLT1 and SPINK5 were associated with increased HOMA of insulin sensitivity (HOMA-S) (respectively, adjusted estimate [95% CI] = 109.1 [28.5-189.8], P = .009 and 16.5 [0.87-32.19], P = .039). CONCLUSIONS Improved glucose homeostasis following bariatric surgery is associated with changes in myokines expression and circulating levels. In particular, upregulation of BDNF, XYLT1, SPINK5, and LGR5 is associated with improved insulin sensitivity. These results suggest that these myokines could contribute to improved glucose homeostasis following bariatric surgery. STUDY REGISTRATION NCT03341793 on ClinicalTrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov/).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Orioli
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mickaël Canouil
- Inserm U1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Kiswendsida Sawadogo
- Statistical Support Unit, King Albert II Cancer and Hematology Institute, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lijiao Ning
- Inserm U1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Louise Deldicque
- Institute of NeuroScience, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Pascale Lause
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie de Barsy
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Inserm U1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, United Kingdom
| | - Audrey Loumaye
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yannick Deswysen
- Department of Oeso-gastro-duodenal and Bariatric Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoit Navez
- Department of Oeso-gastro-duodenal and Bariatric Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- Inserm U1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-Paul Thissen
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abbadessa G, Maniscalco E, Grasso L, Popara J, Di Scipio F, Franco F, Mancardi D, Pigozzi F, Borrione P, Berta GN, Racca S. Metformin Protects Rat Skeletal Muscle from Physical Exercise-Induced Injury. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2334. [PMID: 37760776 PMCID: PMC10525561 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin (Met) is a drug commonly prescribed in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Its efficacy is due to the suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis, enhancement of peripheral glucose uptake and lower glucose absorption by the intestine. Recent studies have reported Met efficacy in other clinical applications, such as age-related diseases. Despite the wide clinical use of Met, its mechanism of action on muscle and its effect on muscle performance are unclear. We investigated the effects of Met combined with training on physical performance (PP) in healthy rats receiving Met for 8 weeks while undergoing daily moderate exercise. We evaluated the following: PP through graded endurance exercise test performed before the beginning of the training protocol and 48 h before the end of the training period; blood ALT, AST, LDH and CK-MB levels in order to address muscle damage; and several blood and muscle myokines and the expression of factors believed to be involved in muscle adaptation to exercise. Our data demonstrate that Met does not improve the positive effects of exercise on performance, although it protects myocytes from exercise-induced damage. Moreover, given that Met positively affects exercise-induced muscle adaptation, our data support the idea of the therapeutic application of Met when muscle function and structure are compromised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Abbadessa
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.M.); (L.G.); (J.P.); (F.D.S.); (F.F.); (D.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Eleonora Maniscalco
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.M.); (L.G.); (J.P.); (F.D.S.); (F.F.); (D.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Loredana Grasso
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.M.); (L.G.); (J.P.); (F.D.S.); (F.F.); (D.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Jasmin Popara
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.M.); (L.G.); (J.P.); (F.D.S.); (F.F.); (D.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Federica Di Scipio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.M.); (L.G.); (J.P.); (F.D.S.); (F.F.); (D.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Francesco Franco
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.M.); (L.G.); (J.P.); (F.D.S.); (F.F.); (D.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Daniele Mancardi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.M.); (L.G.); (J.P.); (F.D.S.); (F.F.); (D.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Fabio Pigozzi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (P.B.)
| | - Paolo Borrione
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (P.B.)
| | - Giovanni Nicolao Berta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.M.); (L.G.); (J.P.); (F.D.S.); (F.F.); (D.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Silvia Racca
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.M.); (L.G.); (J.P.); (F.D.S.); (F.F.); (D.M.); (S.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hall LG, Thyfault JP, Johnson JD. Exercise and inactivity as modifiers of β cell function and type 2 diabetes risk. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:823-839. [PMID: 36759159 PMCID: PMC10042613 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00472.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise and regular physical activity are beneficial for the prevention and management of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, whereas exercise cessation, defined as deconditioning from regular exercise or physical activity that has lasted for a period of months to years, can lead to metabolic derangements that drive disease. Adaptations to the insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells are an important benefit of exercise, whereas less is known about how exercise cessation affects these cells. Our aim is to review the impact that exercise and exercise cessation have on β-cell function, with a focus on the evidence from studies examining glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) using gold-standard techniques. Potential mechanisms by which the β-cell adapts to exercise, including exerkine and incretin signaling, autonomic nervous system signaling, and changes in insulin clearance, will also be explored. We will highlight areas for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liam G Hall
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- KU Diabetes Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - James D Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dumond Bourie A, Potier JB, Pinget M, Bouzakri K. Myokines: Crosstalk and Consequences on Liver Physiopathology. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071729. [PMID: 37049569 PMCID: PMC10096786 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease mainly characterized by the hepatic accumulation of lipid inducing a deregulation of β-oxidation. Its advanced form is non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which, in addition to lipid accumulation, induces hepatocellular damage, oxidative stress and fibrosis that can progress to cirrhosis and to its final stage: hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To date, no specific therapeutic treatment exists. The implications of organ crosstalk have been highlighted in many metabolic disorders, such as diabetes, metabolic-associated liver diseases and obesity. Skeletal muscle, in addition to its role as a reservoir and consumer of energy and carbohydrate metabolism, is involved in this inter-organs’ communication through different secreted products: myokines, exosomes and enzymes, for example. Interestingly, resistance exercise has been shown to have a beneficial impact on different metabolic pathways, such as lipid oxidation in different organs through their secreted products. In this review, we will mainly focus on myokines and their effects on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and their complication: non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Dumond Bourie
- European Center for the Study of Diabetes (CeeD), Research Unit of Strasbourg University “Diabetes and Therapeutics”, UR7294, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Michel Pinget
- European Center for the Study of Diabetes (CeeD), Research Unit of Strasbourg University “Diabetes and Therapeutics”, UR7294, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Karim Bouzakri
- European Center for the Study of Diabetes (CeeD), Research Unit of Strasbourg University “Diabetes and Therapeutics”, UR7294, 67200 Strasbourg, France
- ILONOV, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Implications of fractalkine on glial function, ablation and glial proteins/receptors/markers—understanding its therapeutic usefulness in neurological settings: a narrative review. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-022-00446-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Fractalkine (CX3CL1) is a chemokine predominantly released by neurons. As a signaling molecule, CX3CL1 facilitates talk between neurons and glia. CX3CL1 is considered as a potential target which could alleviate neuroinflammation. However, certain controversial results and ambiguous role of CX3CL1 make it inexorable to decipher the overall effects of CX3CL1 on the physiopathology of glial cells.
Main body of the abstract
Implications of cross-talk between CX3CL1 and different glial proteins/receptors/markers will give a bird eye view of the therapeutic significance of CX3CL1. Keeping with the need, this review identifies the effects of CX3CL1 on glial physiopathology, glial ablation, and gives a wide coverage on the effects of CX3CL1 on certain glial proteins/receptors/markers.
Short conclusion
Pinpoint prediction of the therapeutic effect of CX3CL1 on neuroinflammation needs further research. This is owing to certain obscure roles and implications of CX3CL1 on different glial proteins/receptors/markers, which are crucial under neurological settings. Further challenges are imposed due to the dichotomous roles played by CX3CL1. The age-old chemokine shows many newer scopes of research in near future. Thus, overall assessment of the effect of CX3CL1 becomes crucial prior to its administration in neuroinflammation.
Collapse
|
8
|
Balakrishnan R, Thurmond DC. Mechanisms by Which Skeletal Muscle Myokines Ameliorate Insulin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4636. [PMID: 35563026 PMCID: PMC9102915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The skeletal muscle is the largest organ in the body and secretes circulating factors, including myokines, which are involved in various cellular signaling processes. Skeletal muscle is vital for metabolism and physiology and plays a crucial role in insulin-mediated glucose disposal. Myokines have autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine functions, serving as critical regulators of myogenic differentiation, fiber-type switching, and maintaining muscle mass. Myokines have profound effects on energy metabolism and inflammation, contributing to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and other metabolic diseases. Myokines have been shown to increase insulin sensitivity, thereby improving glucose disposal and regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. Many myokines have now been identified, and research on myokine signaling mechanisms and functions is rapidly emerging. This review summarizes the current state of the field regarding the role of myokines in tissue cross-talk, including their molecular mechanisms, and their potential as therapeutic targets for T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Debbie C. Thurmond
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Beyond the Calorie Paradigm: Taking into Account in Practice the Balance of Fat and Carbohydrate Oxidation during Exercise? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081605. [PMID: 35458167 PMCID: PMC9027421 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent literature shows that exercise is not simply a way to generate a calorie deficit as an add-on to restrictive diets but exerts powerful additional biological effects via its impact on mitochondrial function, the release of chemical messengers induced by muscular activity, and its ability to reverse epigenetic alterations. This review aims to summarize the current literature dealing with the hypothesis that some of these effects of exercise unexplained by an energy deficit are related to the balance of substrates used as fuel by the exercising muscle. This balance of substrates can be measured with reliable techniques, which provide information about metabolic disturbances associated with sedentarity and obesity, as well as adaptations of fuel metabolism in trained individuals. The exercise intensity that elicits maximal oxidation of lipids, termed LIPOXmax, FATOXmax, or FATmax, provides a marker of the mitochondrial ability to oxidize fatty acids and predicts how much fat will be oxidized over 45–60 min of low- to moderate-intensity training performed at the corresponding intensity. LIPOXmax is a reproducible parameter that can be modified by many physiological and lifestyle influences (exercise, diet, gender, age, hormones such as catecholamines, and the growth hormone-Insulin-like growth factor I axis). Individuals told to select an exercise intensity to maintain for 45 min or more spontaneously select a level close to this intensity. There is increasing evidence that training targeted at this level is efficient for reducing fat mass, sparing muscle mass, increasing the ability to oxidize lipids during exercise, lowering blood pressure and low-grade inflammation, improving insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity, reducing blood glucose and HbA1c in type 2 diabetes, and decreasing the circulating cholesterol level. Training protocols based on this concept are easy to implement and accept in very sedentary patients and have shown an unexpected efficacy over the long term. They also represent a useful add-on to bariatric surgery in order to maintain and improve its weight-lowering effect. Additional studies are required to confirm and more precisely analyze the determinants of LIPOXmax and the long-term effects of training at this level on body composition, metabolism, and health.
Collapse
|
10
|
Cai H, Chen S, Li X, Liu H, Zhang Y, Zhuang Q. The Combined Model of CX3CR1-Related Immune Infiltration Genes to Evaluate the Prognosis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:837188. [PMID: 35222428 PMCID: PMC8866189 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.837188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High expression of chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1 (CX3CR1) was shown to contribute to the progression of many fibrotic diseases. However, there is still no study for the role of CX3CR1 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Therefore, we aimed to identify CX3CR1-related immune infiltration genes (IIGs) in IPF and establish a combined risk model to evaluate the prognosis of IPF. Methods A discovery cohort of IPF patients (GSE70867) was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus dataset. We identified the composition of 22 kinds of immune cells infiltration by CIBERSORT. The Cox regression model with the LASSO method was used for identifying prognostic genes and developing CX3CR1-related IIGs. Kaplan–Meier was applied to plot the survival curve of prognosis model. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected to be tested by quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR (qRT-PCR) from 15 clinical samples, including 8 healthy controls (HC), 4 patients with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) and 3 patients with pulmonary fibrosis (FIB). Results We found that high expression of CX3CR1 in BALF contributed to the poor prognosis in IPF patients. ALR4C, RAB37, GPR56, MARCKS, PXN and RASSF2 were identified as CX3CR1-related IIGs, which were highly expressed in PBMC of UIP/FIB patients than that of HC. Moreover, the expression of PXN was higher in FIB patients’ PBMC than that of UIP ones. In the cohort of IPF patients, high infiltration of activated NK cells in BALF caused poor survival compared to low infiltration group. The infiltration of activated NK was regulated by CX3CR1-related IIGs. The combined risk model predicted that high expression of CX3CR1-related IIGs and high infiltrated activated NK cells caused poor prognosis in IPF patients. Conclusion We identified a group of CX3CR1-related IIGs in IPF patients. This combined risk model provided new insights in the prognosis and therapy of IPF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haozheng Cai
- Transplantation Center, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shijie Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hanying Liu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Transplantation Center, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Quan Zhuang
- Transplantation Center, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Langlois A, Dumond A, Vion J, Pinget M, Bouzakri K. Crosstalk Communications Between Islets Cells and Insulin Target Tissue: The Hidden Face of Iceberg. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:836344. [PMID: 35185804 PMCID: PMC8851682 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.836344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of insulin secretion is under control of a complex inter-organ/cells crosstalk involving various metabolites and/or physical connections. In this review, we try to illustrate with current knowledge how β-cells communicate with other cell types and organs in physiological and pathological contexts. Moreover, this review will provide a better understanding of the microenvironment and of the context in which β-cells exist and how this can influence their survival and function. Recent studies showed that β-cell insulin secretion is regulated also by a direct and indirect inter-organ/inter-cellular communication involving various factors, illustrating the idea of "the hidden face of the iceberg". Moreover, any disruption on the physiological communication between β-cells and other cells or organs can participate on diabetes onset. Therefore, for new anti-diabetic treatments' development, it is necessary to consider the entire network of cells and organs involved in the regulation of β-cellular function and no longer just β-cell or pancreatic islet alone. In this context, we discuss here the intra-islet communication, the β-cell/skeletal muscle, β-cell/adipose tissue and β-cell/liver cross talk.
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang J, Chen J, Shan B, Lin L, Dong J, Sun Q, Zhou Q, Han X. Clinical Significance and Prognostic Value of Human Soluble Resistance-Related Calcium-Binding Protein: A Pan-Cancer Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:752619. [PMID: 34869449 PMCID: PMC8635117 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.752619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The soluble resistance-related calcium-binding protein (sorcin, SRI) serves as the calcium-binding protein for the regulation of calcium homeostasis and multidrug resistance. Although the mounting evidence suggests a crucial role of SRI in the chemotherapeutic resistance of certain types of tumors, insights into pan-cancer analysis of SRI are unavailable. Therefore, this study aimed to probe the multifaceted properties of SRI across the 33 cancer types. The SRI expression was analyzed via The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype Tissue-Expression (GTEX) database. The SRI genomic alterations and drug sensitivity analysis were performed based on the cBioPortal and the CellMiner database. Furthermore, the correlations among the SRI expression and survival outcomes, clinical features, stemness, tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and immune cells infiltration were analyzed using TCGA data. The differential analysis showed that SRI was upregulated in 25 tumor types compared with the normal tissues. Aberrant expression of SRI was able to predict survival in different cancers. Further, the most frequent alteration of SRI genomic was amplification. Moreover, the aberrant SRI expression was related to stemness score, epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT)-related genes, MSI, TMB, and tumor immune microenvironment in various types of cancer. TIMER database mining further found that the SRI expression was significantly correlated with the infiltration levels of various immune cells in certain types of cancer. Intriguingly, the SRI expression was negatively correlated with drug sensitivity of fluorouracil, paclitaxel, docetaxel, and isotretinoin. Our findings highlight the predictive value of SRI in cancer and provide insights for illustrating the role of SRI in tumorigenesis and drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinguo Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Benjie Shan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qingqing Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xinghua Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Langlois A, Forterre A, Pinget M, Bouzakri K. Impact of moderate exercise on fatty acid oxidation in pancreatic β-cells and skeletal muscle. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:1815-1825. [PMID: 33844166 PMCID: PMC8357749 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01551-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FA) play a crucial role in glycaemia regulation in healthy and metabolic disorders conditions through various mechanisms. FA oxidation is one of the processes involved in lipid metabolism and can be modulated by exercise. Nowadays, physical activity is known to be an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. Moreover, its intensity, its duration, the sex-gender, the prandial state, exerkines… are as many parameters that can influence glycaemic control. However, the widely debated question is to determine the best type of exercise for patients with metabolic disorders. In this review, we will discuss the impact of exercise intensity, especially moderate activity, on glycaemic control by focussing on FA oxidation in pancreatic β-cells and skeletal muscle. Finally, thanks to all the recent data, we will determine whether moderate physical activity is a good therapeutic strategy and if FA oxidation represents a target of interest to treat diabetic, obese and insulin-resistant patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Langlois
- Centre Européen D'étude du Diabète, Unité Mixte de Recherche de L'Université de Strasbourg « Diabète et Thérapeutique », Strasbourg, France
| | - A Forterre
- Centre Européen D'étude du Diabète, Unité Mixte de Recherche de L'Université de Strasbourg « Diabète et Thérapeutique », Strasbourg, France
| | - M Pinget
- Centre Européen D'étude du Diabète, Unité Mixte de Recherche de L'Université de Strasbourg « Diabète et Thérapeutique », Strasbourg, France
| | - K Bouzakri
- Centre Européen D'étude du Diabète, Unité Mixte de Recherche de L'Université de Strasbourg « Diabète et Thérapeutique », Strasbourg, France.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gao R, Fu Q, Jiang HM, Shen M, Zhao RL, Qian Y, He YQ, Xu KF, Xu XY, Chen H, Zhang Q, Yang T. Temporal metabolic and transcriptomic characteristics crossing islets and liver reveal dynamic pathophysiology in diet-induced diabetes. iScience 2021; 24:102265. [PMID: 33817571 PMCID: PMC8008187 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying islet dysfunction and insulin resistance in diet-induced diabetes, we conducted temporal RNA sequencing of tissues responsible for insulin secretion (islets) and action (liver) every 4 weeks in mice on high-fat (HFD) or chow diet for 24 weeks, linking to longitudinal profile of metabolic characteristics. The diverse responses of α, β, and δ cells to glucose and palmitate indicated HFD-induced dynamic deterioration of islet function from dysregulation to failure. Insulin resistance developed with variable time course in different tissues. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis implicated islets and liver jointly programmed β-cell compensatory adaption via cell proliferation at early phase and irreversible islet dysfunction by inappropriate immune response at later stage, and identified interconnected molecules including growth differentiation factor 15. Frequencies of T cell subpopulation showed an early decrement in Tregs followed by increases in Th1 and Th17 cells during progression to diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.,Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX37LE, UK
| | - Qi Fu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - He-Min Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Min Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Rui-Ling Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yun-Qiang He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Kuan-Feng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xin-Yu Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Heng Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX37LE, UK
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen W, Wang L, You W, Shan T. Myokines mediate the cross talk between skeletal muscle and other organs. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:2393-2412. [PMID: 32885426 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myokines are muscle-derived cytokines and chemokines that act extensively on organs and exert beneficial metabolic functions in the whole-body through specific signal networks. Myokines as mediators provide the conceptual basis for a whole new paradigm useful for understanding how skeletal muscle communicates with other organs. In this review, we summarize and discuss classes of myokines and their physiological functions in mediating the regulatory roles of skeletal muscle on other organs and the regulation of the whole-body energy metabolism. We review the mechanisms involved in the interaction between skeletal muscle and nonmuscle organs through myokines. Moreover, we clarify the connection between exercise, myokines and disease development, which may contribute to the understanding of a potential mechanism by which physical inactivity affects the process of metabolic diseases via myokines. Based on the current findings, myokines are important factors that mediate the effect of skeletal muscle on other organ functions and whole-body metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liyi Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing You
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Battista T, Fiorillo A, Chiarini V, Genovese I, Ilari A, Colotti G. Roles of Sorcin in Drug Resistance in Cancer: One Protein, Many Mechanisms, for a Novel Potential Anticancer Drug Target. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040887. [PMID: 32268494 PMCID: PMC7226229 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of drug resistance is one of the main causes of failure in anti-cancer treatments. Tumor cells adopt many strategies to counteract the action of chemotherapeutic agents, e.g., enhanced DNA damage repair, inactivation of apoptotic pathways, alteration of drug targets, drug inactivation, and overexpression of ABC (Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette, or ATP-binding cassette) transporters. These are broad substrate-specificity ATP-dependent efflux pumps able to export toxins or drugs out of cells; for instance, ABCB1 (MDR1, or P-glycoprotein 1), overexpressed in most cancer cells, confers them multidrug resistance (MDR). The gene coding for sorcin (SOluble Resistance-related Calcium-binding proteIN) is highly conserved among mammals and is located in the same chromosomal locus and amplicon as the ABC transporters ABCB1 and ABCB4, both in human and rodent genomes (two variants of ABCB1, i.e., ABCB1a and ABCB1b, are in rodent amplicon). Sorcin was initially characterized as a soluble protein overexpressed in multidrug (MD) resistant cells and named "resistance-related" because of its co-amplification with ABCB1. Although for years sorcin overexpression was thought to be only a by-product of the co-amplification with ABC transporter genes, many papers have recently demonstrated that sorcin plays an important part in MDR, indicating a possible role of sorcin as an oncoprotein. The present review illustrates sorcin roles in the generation of MDR via many mechanisms and points to sorcin as a novel potential target of different anticancer molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theo Battista
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (T.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Annarita Fiorillo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (T.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Valerio Chiarini
- Doctoral Programme in Integrative Life Science, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Ilaria Genovese
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Andrea Ilari
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council, Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IBPM-CNR), c/o Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.I.); (G.C.)
| | - Gianni Colotti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council, Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IBPM-CNR), c/o Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.I.); (G.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mizgier ML, Fernández-Verdejo R, Cherfan J, Pinget M, Bouzakri K, Galgani JE. Insights on the Role of Putative Muscle-Derived Factors on Pancreatic Beta Cell Function. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1024. [PMID: 31440170 PMCID: PMC6694406 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a main target of insulin action that plays a pivotal role in postprandial glucose disposal. Importantly, skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity relates inversely with pancreatic insulin secretion, which prompted the hypothesis of the existence of a skeletal muscle-pancreas crosstalk mediated through an endocrine factor. The observation that changes in skeletal muscle glucose metabolism are accompanied by altered insulin secretion supports this hypothesis. Meanwhile, a muscle-derived circulating factor affecting in vivo insulin secretion remains elusive. This factor may correspond to peptides/proteins (so called myokines), exosomes and their cargo, and metabolites. We hereby review the most remarkable evidence encouraging the possibility of such inter-organ communication, with special focus on muscle-derived factors that may potentially mediate such skeletal muscle-pancreas crosstalk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Mizgier
- UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Rodrigo Fernández-Verdejo
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Julien Cherfan
- UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michel Pinget
- UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Karim Bouzakri
- UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jose E Galgani
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Barlow JP, Solomon TP. Do skeletal muscle-secreted factors influence the function of pancreatic β-cells? Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 314:E297-E307. [PMID: 29208613 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00353.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is an endocrine organ that secretes a variety of compounds including proteins (myokines), metabolites, microRNAs (miRNAs), and exosomes, many of which are regulated by exercise and play important roles in endocrine signaling. Interorgan communication via muscle-secreted factors therefore provides a novel area for investigation and implicates the importance of skeletal muscle in the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Given that underlying molecular mechanisms of T2D are subject of ongoing research, in light of new evidence it is probable that interorgan cross-talk between skeletal muscle and pancreatic β-cells plays an important part. To date, the number of studies published in this field provide the basis of this review. Specifically, we discuss current experimental evidence in support for a role of skeletal muscle to β-cell cross-talk, paying particular attention to muscle-secreted factors including myokines, metabolites, miRNAs, and factors contained within exosomes that influence the function and/or the survival of β-cells in health and disease. In reviewing this evidence, we provide an update on the list of known muscle-secreted factors that have potential to influence the function and/or survival of β-cells under normal and diabetic conditions. We also report limitations of current cross-talk methods and discuss future directions in this growing field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Barlow
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, West Midlands , United Kingdom
| | - Thomas P Solomon
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, West Midlands , United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Riopel M, Seo JB, Bandyopadhyay GK, Li P, Wollam J, Chung H, Jung SR, Murphy A, Wilson M, de Jong R, Patel S, Balakrishna D, Bilakovics J, Fanjul A, Plonowski A, Koh DS, Larson CJ, Olefsky JM, Lee YS. Chronic fractalkine administration improves glucose tolerance and pancreatic endocrine function. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:1458-1470. [PMID: 29504946 DOI: 10.1172/jci94330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that the fractalkine (FKN)/CX3CR1 system represents a novel regulatory mechanism for insulin secretion and β cell function. Here, we demonstrate that chronic administration of a long-acting form of FKN, FKN-Fc, can exert durable effects to improve glucose tolerance with increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and decreased β cell apoptosis in obese rodent models. Unexpectedly, chronic FKN-Fc administration also led to decreased α cell glucagon secretion. In islet cells, FKN inhibited ATP-sensitive potassium channel conductance by an ERK-dependent mechanism, which triggered β cell action potential (AP) firing and decreased α cell AP amplitude. This results in increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and decreased glucagon secretion. Beyond its islet effects, FKN-Fc also exerted peripheral effects to enhance hepatic insulin sensitivity due to inhibition of glucagon action. In hepatocytes, FKN treatment reduced glucagon-stimulated cAMP production and CREB phosphorylation in a pertussis toxin-sensitive manner. Together, these results raise the possibility of use of FKN-based therapy to improve type 2 diabetes by increasing both insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Riopel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jong Bae Seo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Gautam K Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Pingping Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Joshua Wollam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Heekyung Chung
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Seung-Ryoung Jung
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Anne Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Maria Wilson
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ron de Jong
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Deepika Balakrishna
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California, USA
| | - James Bilakovics
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Andrea Fanjul
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Artur Plonowski
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Duk-Su Koh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Christopher J Larson
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California, USA.,Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yun Sok Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA.,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li H, Yao Y, Li L. Coumarins as potential antidiabetic agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 69:1253-1264. [PMID: 28675434 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Even with great advances in modern medicine and therapeutic agent development, the search for effective antidiabetic drugs remains challenging. Coumarins are secondary metabolites found widely in nature plants and used mainly in anticoagulation and antithrombotic therapy. Over the past two decades, however, there has been an increasing body of literatures related to the effects of coumarins and their derivatives on diabetes and its complications. This review aimed to focus on research findings concerning the effects of coumarins against diabetes and its complications using in-vitro and in-vivo animal models, and also to discuss cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. KEY FINDINGS The search for new coumarins against diabetes and it complications, either isolated from traditional medicine or chemically synthesized, has been constantly expanding. The cellular and molecular mechanisms involved include protecting pancreatic beta cells from damage, improving abnormal insulin signalling, reducing oxidative stress/inflammation, activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), inhibiting α-glucosidases and ameliorating diabetic complications. CONCLUSIONS The effects and mechanisms of coumarins and their derivatives upon diabetes and its complications are discussed in current review. Further investigations remain to be carried out to develop a promising antidiabetic agent based on coumarin cores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanbing Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Section of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Yuanfa Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linghuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Arous C, Wehrle-Haller B. Role and impact of the extracellular matrix on integrin-mediated pancreatic β-cell functions. Biol Cell 2017; 109:223-237. [PMID: 28266044 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201600076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the organisation and role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in islets of Langerhans is critical for maintaining pancreatic β-cells, and to recognise and revert the physiopathology of diabetes. Indeed, integrin-mediated adhesion signalling in response to the pancreatic ECM plays crucial roles in β-cell survival and insulin secretion, two major functions, which are affected in diabetes. Here, we would like to present an update on the major components of the pancreatic ECM, their role during integrin-mediated cell-matrix adhesions and how they are affected during diabetes. To treat diabetes, a promising approach consists in replacing β-cells by transplantation. However, efficiency is low, because β-cells suffer of anoikis, due to enzymatic digestion of the pancreatic ECM, which affects the survival of insulin-secreting β-cells. The strategy of adding ECM components during transplantation, to reproduce the pancreatic microenvironment, is a challenging task, as many of the regulatory mechanisms that control ECM deposition and turnover are not sufficiently understood. A better comprehension of the impact of the ECM on the adhesion and integrin-dependent signalling in β-cells is primordial to improve the healthy state of islets to prevent the onset of diabetes as well as for enhancing the efficiency of the islet transplantation therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Arous
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Wehrle-Haller
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mizgier ML, Cataldo LR, Gutierrez J, Santos JL, Casas M, Llanos P, Contreras-Ferrat AE, Moro C, Bouzakri K, Galgani JE. Effect of Human Myotubes-Derived Media on Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:1328573. [PMID: 28286777 PMCID: PMC5329672 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1328573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasting to postprandial transition requires a tight adjustment of insulin secretion to its demand, so tissue (e.g., skeletal muscle) glucose supply is assured while hypo-/hyperglycemia are prevented. High muscle glucose disposal after meals is pivotal for adapting to increased glycemia and might drive insulin secretion through muscle-released factors (e.g., myokines). We hypothesized that insulin influences myokine secretion and then increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). In conditioned media from human myotubes incubated with/without insulin (100 nmol/L) for 24 h, myokines were qualitatively and quantitatively characterized using an antibody-based array and ELISA-based technology, respectively. C57BL6/J mice islets and Wistar rat beta cells were incubated for 24 h with control and conditioned media from noninsulin- and insulin-treated myotubes prior to GSIS determination. Conditioned media from insulin-treated versus nontreated myotubes had higher RANTES but lower IL6, IL8, and MCP1 concentration. Qualitative analyses revealed that conditioned media from noninsulin- and insulin-treated myotubes expressed 32 and 23 out of 80 myokines, respectively. Islets incubated with conditioned media from noninsulin-treated myotubes had higher GSIS versus control islets (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, conditioned media from insulin-treated myotubes did not influence GSIS. In beta cells, GSIS was similar across conditions. In conclusion, factors being present in noninsulin-stimulated muscle cell-derived media appear to influence GSIS in mice islets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria L. Mizgier
- Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis R. Cataldo
- Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Gutierrez
- Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José L. Santos
- Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariana Casas
- Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Llanos
- Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ariel E. Contreras-Ferrat
- Exercise Science Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cedric Moro
- INSERM UMR1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Karim Bouzakri
- Departement de Génétique et Développement, CMU, Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland
- UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jose E. Galgani
- Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- UDA-Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Jose E. Galgani:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Marmugi A, Parnis J, Chen X, Carmichael L, Hardy J, Mannan N, Marchetti P, Piemonti L, Bosco D, Johnson P, Shapiro JAM, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Magnan C, Ibberson M, Thorens B, Valdivia HH, Rutter GA, Leclerc I. Sorcin Links Pancreatic β-Cell Lipotoxicity to ER Ca2+ Stores. Diabetes 2016; 65:1009-21. [PMID: 26822088 PMCID: PMC4806657 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Preserving β-cell function during the development of obesity and insulin resistance would limit the worldwide epidemic of type 2 diabetes. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium (Ca(2+)) depletion induced by saturated free fatty acids and cytokines causes β-cell ER stress and apoptosis, but the molecular mechanisms behind these phenomena are still poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that palmitate-induced sorcin downregulation and subsequent increases in glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-2 (G6PC2) levels contribute to lipotoxicity. Sorcin is a calcium sensor protein involved in maintaining ER Ca(2+) by inhibiting ryanodine receptor activity and playing a role in terminating Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release. G6PC2, a genome-wide association study gene associated with fasting blood glucose, is a negative regulator of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). High-fat feeding in mice and chronic exposure of human islets to palmitate decreases endogenous sorcin expression while levels of G6PC2 mRNA increase. Sorcin-null mice are glucose intolerant, with markedly impaired GSIS and increased expression of G6pc2 Under high-fat diet, mice overexpressing sorcin in the β-cell display improved glucose tolerance, fasting blood glucose, and GSIS, whereas G6PC2 levels are decreased and cytosolic and ER Ca(2+) are increased in transgenic islets. Sorcin may thus provide a target for intervention in type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Marmugi
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Julia Parnis
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Xi Chen
- Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - LeAnne Carmichael
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Julie Hardy
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Naila Mannan
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Diabetes Research Institute (HSR-DRI), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Bosco
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul Johnson
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - James A M Shapiro
- Clinical Islet Laboratory and Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Christophe Magnan
- Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology, Paris Diderot University-Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Mark Ibberson
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Thorens
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Héctor H Valdivia
- Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K.
| | - Isabelle Leclerc
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rütti S, Howald C, Arous C, Dermitzakis E, Halban PA, Bouzakri K. IL-13 improves beta-cell survival and protects against IL-1beta-induced beta-cell death. Mol Metab 2015; 5:122-131. [PMID: 26909320 PMCID: PMC4735661 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives IL-13 is a cytokine classically produced by anti-inflammatory T-helper-2 lymphocytes; it is decreased in the circulation of type 2 diabetic patients and impacts positively on liver and skeletal muscle. Although IL-13 can exert positive effects on beta-cell lines, its impact and mode of action on primary beta-cell function and survival remain largely unexplored. Methods Beta-cells were cultured for 48 h in the presence of IL-13 alone or in combination with IL-1β or cytokine cocktail (IL-1β, IFNγ, TNFα). Results IL-13 protected human and rat beta-cells against cytokine induced death. However, IL-13 was unable to protect from IL-1β impaired glucose stimulated insulin secretion and did not influence NFκB nuclear relocalization induced by IL-1β. IL-13 induced phosphorylation of Akt, increased IRS2 protein expression and counteracted the IL-1β induced regulation of several beta-cell stress response genes. Conclusions The prosurvival effects of IL-13 thus appear to be mediated through IRS2/Akt signaling with NFκB independent regulation of gene expression. In addition to previously documented beneficial effects on insulin target tissues, these data suggest that IL-13 may be useful for treatment of type 2 diabetes by preserving beta-cell mass or slowing its rate of decline. IL-13 decreases human beta-cells apoptosis. IL-13 protects primary beta-cells form cytokine induced apoptosis. The IRS2/akt pathway mediates IL-13 protective effects. IL-13 modulates the expression of genes involved in stress response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Rütti
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Cédric Howald
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Arous
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanouil Dermitzakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philippe A Halban
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karim Bouzakri
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Arous C, Halban PA. The skeleton in the closet: actin cytoskeletal remodeling in β-cell function. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309:E611-20. [PMID: 26286869 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00268.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, biomedical research has considered not only the function of single cells but also the importance of the physical environment within a whole tissue, including cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Cytoskeleton organization and focal adhesions are crucial sensors for cells that enable them to rapidly communicate with the physical extracellular environment in response to extracellular stimuli, ensuring proper function and adaptation. The involvement of the microtubular-microfilamentous cytoskeleton in secretion mechanisms was proposed almost 50 years ago, since when the evolution of ever more sensitive and sophisticated methods in microscopy and in cell and molecular biology have led us to become aware of the importance of cytoskeleton remodeling for cell shape regulation and its crucial link with signaling pathways leading to β-cell function. Emerging evidence suggests that dysfunction of cytoskeletal components or extracellular matrix modification influences a number of disorders through potential actin cytoskeleton disruption that could be involved in the initiation of multiple cellular functions. Perturbation of β-cell actin cytoskeleton remodeling could arise secondarily to islet inflammation and fibrosis, possibly accounting in part for impaired β-cell function in type 2 diabetes. This review focuses on the role of actin remodeling in insulin secretion mechanisms and its close relationship with focal adhesions and myosin II.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Arous
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philippe A Halban
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|