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Suranjika S, Barla P, Sharma N, Dey N. A review on ubiquitin ligases: Orchestrators of plant resilience in adversity. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 347:112180. [PMID: 38964613 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitin- proteasome system (UPS) is universally present in plants and animals, mediating many cellular processes needed for growth and development. Plants constantly defend themselves against endogenous and exogenous stimuli such as hormonal signaling, biotic stresses such as viruses, fungi, nematodes, and abiotic stresses like drought, heat, and salinity by developing complex regulatory mechanisms. Ubiquitination is a regulatory mechanism involving selective elimination and stabilization of regulatory proteins through the UPS system where E3 ligases play a central role; they can bind to the targets in a substrate-specific manner, followed by poly-ubiquitylation, and subsequent protein degradation by 26 S proteasome. Increasing evidence suggests different types of E3 ligases play important roles in plant development and stress adaptation. Herein, we summarize recent advances in understanding the regulatory roles of different E3 ligases and primarily focus on protein ubiquitination in plant-environment interactions. It also highlights the diversity and complexity of these metabolic pathways that enable plant to survive under challenging conditions. This reader-friendly review provides a comprehensive overview of E3 ligases and their substrates associated with abiotic and biotic stresses that could be utilized for future crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Suranjika
- Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), an autonomous institute under Department of Biotechnology Government of India, NALCO Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; Department of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), KIIT Road, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Preeti Barla
- Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), an autonomous institute under Department of Biotechnology Government of India, NALCO Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Namisha Sharma
- Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), an autonomous institute under Department of Biotechnology Government of India, NALCO Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Nrisingha Dey
- Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), an autonomous institute under Department of Biotechnology Government of India, NALCO Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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2
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Bhandari DD, Brandizzi F. Linking secretion and cytoskeleton in immunity- a case for Arabidopsis TGNap1. Bioessays 2024:e2400150. [PMID: 39302180 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202400150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
In plants, robust defense depends on the efficient and resilient trafficking supply chains to the site of pathogen attack. Though the importance of intracellular trafficking in plant immunity has been well established, a lack of clarity remains regarding the contribution of the various trafficking pathways in transporting immune-related proteins. We have recently identified a trans-Golgi network protein, TGN-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 1 (TGNap1), which functionally links post-Golgi vesicles with the cytoskeleton to transport immunity-related proteins in the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana. We propose new hypotheses on the various functional implications of TGNap1 and then elaborate on the surprising heterogeneity of TGN vesicles during immunity revealed by the discovery of TGNap1 and other TGN-associated proteins in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak D Bhandari
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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3
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Jian Y, Liu Z, He P, Shan L. An emerging connected view: Phytocytokines in regulating stomatal, apoplastic, and vascular immunity. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 82:102623. [PMID: 39236593 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Foliar pathogens exploit natural openings, such as stomata and hydathodes, to invade plants, multiply in the apoplast, and potentially spread through the vasculature. To counteract these threats, plants dynamically regulate stomatal movement and apoplastic water potential, influencing hydathode guttation and water transport. This review highlights recent advances in understanding how phytocytokines, plant small peptides with immunomodulatory functions, regulate these processes to limit pathogen entry and proliferation. Additionally, we discuss the coordinated actions of stomatal movement, hydathode guttation, and the vascular system in restricting pathogen entry, multiplication, and dissemination. We also explore future perspectives and key questions arising from these findings, aiming to advance our knowledge of plant immunity and improve disease resistance strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Jian
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zunyong Liu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ping He
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Libo Shan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Su GM, Chu LW, Chien CC, Liao PS, Chiu YC, Chang CH, Chu TH, Li CH, Wu CS, Wang JF, Cheng YS, Chang CH, Cheng CP. Tomato NADPH oxidase SlWfi1 interacts with the effector protein RipBJ of Ralstonia solanacearum to mediate host defence. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 39132878 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in regulating numerous functions in organisms. Among the key regulators of ROS production are NADPH oxidases, primarily referred to as respiratory burst oxidase homologues (RBOHs). However, our understanding of whether and how pathogens directly target RBOHs has been limited. In this study, we revealed that the effector protein RipBJ, originating from the phytopathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum, was present in low- to medium-virulence strains but absent in high-virulence strains. Functional genetic assays demonstrated that the expression of ripBJ led to a reduction in bacterial infection. In the plant, RipBJ expression triggered plant cell death and the accumulation of H2O2, while also enhancing host defence against R. solanacearum by modulating multiple defence signalling pathways. Through protein interaction and functional studies, we demonstrated that RipBJ was associated with the plant's plasma membrane and interacted with the tomato RBOH known as SlWfi1, which contributed positively to RipBJ's effects on plants. Importantly, SlWfi1 expression was induced during the early stages following R. solanacearum infection and played a key role in defence against this bacterium. This research uncovers the plant RBOH as an interacting target of a pathogen's effector, providing valuable insights into the mechanisms of plant defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Ming Su
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wen Chu
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Chien
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shan Liao
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Chiu
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsin Chang
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Hsiang Chu
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hui Li
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Sheng Wu
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Fen Wang
- Bacteriology Unit, AVRDC-The World Vegetable Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Sheng Cheng
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Hsin Chang
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Ping Cheng
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Global Agriculture Technology and Genomic Science Master Program, International College, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Master Program for Plant Medicine, College of Bio-Resources & Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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5
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Liang J, Wang J, Wang K, Feng H, Huang L. VmRDR2 of Valsa mali mediates the generation of VmR2-siR1 that suppresses apple resistance by RNA interference. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:1154-1171. [PMID: 38822646 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Cross-kingdom RNA interference (RNAi) is a crucial mechanism in host-pathogen interactions, with RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) playing a vital role in signal amplification during RNAi. However, the role of pathogenic fungal RdRP in siRNAs generation and the regulation of plant-pathogen interactions remains elusive. Using deep sequencing, molecular, genetic, and biochemical approaches, this study revealed that VmRDR2 of Valsa mali regulates VmR2-siR1 to suppress the disease resistance-related gene MdLRP14 in apple. Both VmRDR1 and VmRDR2 are essential for the pathogenicity of V. mali in apple, with VmRDR2 mediating the generation of endogenous siRNAs, including an infection-related siRNA, VmR2-siR1. This siRNA specifically degrades the apple intracellular LRR-RI protein gene MdLRP14 in a sequence-specific manner, and overexpression of MdLRP14 enhances apple resistance against V. mali, which can be suppressed by VmR2-siR1. Conversely, MdLRP14 knockdown reduces resistance. In summary, this study demonstrates that VmRDR2 contributes to the generation of VmR2-siR1, which silences the host's intracellular LRR protein gene, thereby inhibiting host resistance. These findings offer novel insights into the fungi-mediated pathogenicity mechanism through RNAi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lili Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Gan P, Tang C, Lu Y, Ren C, Nasab HR, Kun X, Wang X, Li L, Kang Z, Wang X, Wang J. Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals molecular pathway network in wheat resistance to stripe rust. STRESS BIOLOGY 2024; 4:32. [PMID: 38945963 PMCID: PMC11214938 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-024-00170-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation plays an important role in immune signaling transduction in plant resistance to pathogens. Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), severely devastates wheat production. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanism of wheat resistance to stripe rust remains limited. In this study, quantitative phosphoproteomics was employed to investigate the protein phosphorylation changes in wheat challenged by Pst. A total of 1537 and 2470 differentially accumulated phosphoproteins (DAPs) were identified from four early infection stage (6, 12, 18 and 24 h post-inoculation) in incompatible and compatible wheat-Pst interactions respectively. KEGG analysis revealed that Oxidative Phosphorylation, Phosphatidylinositol Signaling, and MAPK signaling processes are distinctively enriched in incompatible interaction, while Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and RNA degradation process were significantly enriched in compatible interactions. In particular, abundant changes in phosphorylation levels of chloroplast proteins were identified, suggesting the regulatory role of photosynthesis in wheat-Pst interaction, which is further emphasized by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Motif-x analysis identified [xxxxSPxxxx] motif, likely phosphorylation sites for defensive response-related kinases, and a new [xxxxSSxxxx] motif significantly enriched in incompatible interaction. The results shed light on the early phosphorylation events contributing to wheat resistance against Pst. Moreover, our study demonstrated that the phosphorylation levels of Nucleoside diphosphate kinase TaNAPK1 are upregulated at 12 hpi with CYR23 and at 24 hpi with CYR31. Transient silencing of TaNAPK1 was able to attenuate wheat resistance to CYR23 and CYR31. Our study provides new insights into the mechanisms underlying Pst-wheat interactions and may provide database to find potential targets for the development of new resistant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunlei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Plant Protection Station of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830049, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chenrong Ren
- Plant Protection Station of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830049, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hojjatollah Rabbani Nasab
- Plant Protection Research Department,Agricultural and Natural Resource Research and Education Center of Golestan, Agricultural Research,Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran
| | - Xufeng Kun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liangzhuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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7
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Yan Y, Wang H, Bi Y, Wang J, Noman M, Li D, Song F. OsATL32 ubiquitinates the reactive oxygen species-producing OsRac5-OsRbohB module to suppress rice immunity. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:1459-1480. [PMID: 38629772 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitination-mediated protein degradation is integral to plant immunity, with E3 ubiquitin ligases acting as key factors in this process. Here, we report the functions of OsATL32, a plasma membrane-localized Arabidopsis Tóxicos En Levadura (ATL)-type E3 ubiquitin ligase, in rice (Oryza sativa) immunity and its associated regulatory network. We found that the expression of OsATL32 is downregulated in both compatible and incompatible interactions between rice and the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. The OsATL32 protein level declines in response to infection by a compatible M. oryzae strain or to chitin treatment. OsATL32 negatively regulates rice resistance to blast and bacterial leaf blight diseases, as well as chitin-triggered immunity. Biochemical and genetic studies revealed that OsATL32 suppresses pathogen-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation by mediating ubiquitination and degradation of the ROS-producing OsRac5-OsRbohB module, which enhances rice immunity against M. oryzae. The protein phosphatase PHOSPHATASE AND TENSIN HOMOLOG enhances rice blast resistance by dephosphorylating OsATL32 and promoting its degradation, preventing its negative effect on rice immunity. This study provides insights into the molecular mechanism by which the E3 ligase OsATL32 targets a ROS-producing module to undermine rice immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Yan
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hui Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yan Bi
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiajing Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Noman
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dayong Li
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fengming Song
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Cai W, Tao Y, Cheng X, Wan M, Gan J, Yang S, Okita TW, He S, Tian L. CaIAA2-CaARF9 module mediates the trade-off between pepper growth and immunity. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:2054-2074. [PMID: 38450864 PMCID: PMC11182598 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
To challenge the invasion of various pathogens, plants re-direct their resources from plant growth to an innate immune defence system. However, the underlying mechanism that coordinates the induction of the host immune response and the suppression of plant growth remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that an auxin response factor, CaARF9, has dual roles in enhancing the immune resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum infection and in retarding plant growth by repressing the expression of its target genes as exemplified by Casmc4, CaLBD37, CaAPK1b and CaRROP1. The expression of these target genes not only stimulates plant growth but also negatively impacts pepper resistance to R. solanacearum. Under normal conditions, the expression of Casmc4, CaLBD37, CaAPK1b and CaRROP1 is active when promoter-bound CaARF9 is complexed with CaIAA2. Under R. solanacearum infection, however, degradation of CaIAA2 is triggered by SA and JA-mediated signalling defence by the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which enables CaARF9 in the absence of CaIAA2 to repress the expression of Casmc4, CaLBD37, CaAPK1b and CaRROP1 and, in turn, impeding plant growth while facilitating plant defence to R. solanacearum infection. Our findings uncover an exquisite mechanism underlying the trade-off between plant growth and immunity mediated by the transcriptional repressor CaARF9 and its deactivation when complexed with CaIAA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Cai
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture ScienceZhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsZhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yilin Tao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture ScienceZhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsZhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Xingge Cheng
- Agricultural CollegeFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Meiyun Wan
- Agricultural CollegeFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Jianghuang Gan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture ScienceZhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsZhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Sheng Yang
- Agricultural CollegeFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Thomas W. Okita
- Institute of Biological ChemistryWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
| | - Shuilin He
- Agricultural CollegeFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Li Tian
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture ScienceZhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsZhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
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9
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Deng Y, Deng X, Zhao J, Ning S, Gu A, Chen Q, Qu Y. Revealing the Complete Bispecific Phosphatase Genes (DUSPs) across the Genome and Investigating the Expression Patterns of GH_A11G3500 Resistance against Verticillium wilt. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4500. [PMID: 38674085 PMCID: PMC11050305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
DUSPs, a diverse group of protein phosphatases, play a pivotal role in orchestrating cellular growth and development through intricate signaling pathways. Notably, they actively participate in the MAPK pathway, which governs crucial aspects of plant physiology, including growth regulation, disease resistance, pest resistance, and stress response. DUSP is a key enzyme, and it is the enzyme that limits the rate of cell metabolism. At present, complete understanding of the DUSP gene family in cotton and its specific roles in resistance to Verticillium wilt (VW) remains elusive. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a comprehensive identification and analysis of four key cotton species: Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium barbadense, Gossypium hirsutum, and Gossypium raimondii. The results revealed the identification of a total of 120 DUSP genes in the four cotton varieties, which were categorized into six subgroups and randomly distributed at both ends of 26 chromosomes, predominantly localized within the nucleus. Our analysis demonstrated that closely related DUSP genes exhibited similarities in terms of the conserved motif composition and gene structure. A promoter analysis performed on the GhDUSP gene promoter revealed the presence of several cis-acting elements, which are associated with abiotic and biotic stress responses, as well as hormone signaling. A tissue expression pattern analysis demonstrated significant variations in GhDUSP gene expression under different stress conditions, with roots exhibiting the highest levels, followed by stems and leaves. In terms of tissue-specific detection, petals, leaves, stems, stamens, and receptacles exhibited higher expression levels of the GhDUSP gene. The gene expression analysis results for GhDUSPs under stress suggest that DUSP genes may have a crucial role in the cotton response to stress in cotton. Through Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) experiments, the silencing of the target gene significantly reduced the resistance efficiency of disease-resistant varieties against Verticillium wilt (VW). Consequently, we conclude that GH_A11G3500-mediated bispecific phosphorylated genes may serve as key regulators in the resistance of G. hirsutum to Verticillium wilt (VW). This study presents a comprehensive structure designed to provide an in-depth understanding of the potential biological functions of cotton, providing a strong foundation for further research into molecular breeding and resistance to plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yanying Qu
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, 311 Nongda East Road, Urumqi 830052, China; (Y.D.); (X.D.); (J.Z.); (S.N.); (A.G.); (Q.C.)
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10
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Xiao L, Gheysen G, Yang M, Xiao X, Xu L, Guo X, Yang L, Liu W, He Y, Peng D, Peng H, Ma K, Long H, Wang G, Xiao Y. Brown planthopper infestation on rice reduces plant susceptibility to Meloidogyne graminicola by reducing root sugar allocation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:262-277. [PMID: 38332248 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Plants are simultaneously attacked by different pests that rely on sugars uptake from plants. An understanding of the role of plant sugar allocation in these multipartite interactions is limited. Here, we characterized the expression patterns of sucrose transporter genes and evaluated the impact of targeted transporter gene mutants and brown planthopper (BPH) phloem-feeding and oviposition on root sugar allocation and BPH-reduced rice susceptibility to Meloidogyne graminicola. We found that the sugar transporter genes OsSUT1 and OsSUT2 are induced at BPH oviposition sites. OsSUT2 mutants showed a higher resistance to gravid BPH than to nymph BPH, and this was correlated with callose deposition, as reflected in a different effect on M. graminicola infection. BPH phloem-feeding caused inhibition of callose deposition that was counteracted by BPH oviposition. Meanwhile, this pivotal role of sugar allocation in BPH-reduced rice susceptibility to M. graminicola was validated on rice cultivar RHT harbouring BPH resistance genes Bph3 and Bph17. In conclusion, we demonstrated that rice susceptibility to M. graminicola is regulated by BPH phloem-feeding and oviposition on rice through differences in plant sugar allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Godelieve Gheysen
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Mingwei Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xueqiong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lihe Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lijie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yueping He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Deliang Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huan Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kangsheng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Haibo Long
- Institute of Environment and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Gaofeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yannong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Zhao Y, Han Q, Zhang D. Recent Advances in the Crosstalk between Brassinosteroids and Environmental Stimuli. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024:pcae024. [PMID: 38578169 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Due to their sessile lifestyle, plants need to optimize their growth in order to adapt to ever-changing environments. Plants receive stimuli from the environment and convert them into cellular responses. Brassinosteroids (BRs), as growth-promoting steroid hormones, play a significant role in the tradeoff between growth and environmental responses. Here, we provide a comprehensive summary for understanding the crosstalk between BR and various environmental stresses, including water availability, temperature fluctuations, salinization, nutrient deficiencies and diseases. We also highlight the bottlenecks that need to be addressed in future studies. Ultimately, we suppose to improve plant environmental adaptability and crop yield by excavating natural BR mutants or modifying BR signaling and its targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qing Han
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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12
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Bao Y, Zhang Q, Zhu H, Pei Y, Zhao Y, Li Y, Ji P, Du D, Peng H, Xu G, Wang X, Yin Z, Ai G, Liang X, Dou D. Metformin blocks BIK1-mediated CPK28 phosphorylation and enhances plant immunity. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00087-0. [PMID: 38442853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metformin (MET), derived from Galega officinalis, stands as the primary first-line medication for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Despite its well-documented benefits in mammalian cellular processes, its functions and underlying mechanisms in plants remain unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to elucidate MET's role in inducing plant immunity and investigate the associated mechanisms. METHODS To investigate the impact of MET on enhancing plant immune responses, we conducted assays measuring defense gene expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation, and pathogen infection. Additionally, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and microscale thermophoresis (MST) techniques were employed to identify MET targets. Protein-protein interactions were analyzed using a luciferase complementation assay and a co-immunoprecipitation assay. RESULTS Our findings revealed that MET boosts plant disease resistance by activating MAPKs, upregulating the expression of downstream defense genes, and fortifying the ROS burst. CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE 28 (CPK28) was identified as a target of MET. It inhibited the interaction between BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE 1 (BIK1) and CPK28, blocking CPK28 threonine 76 (T76) transphosphorylation by BIK1, and alleviating the negative regulation of immune responses by CPK28. Moreover, MET enhanced disease resistance in tomato, pepper, and soybean plants. CONCLUSION Collectively, our data suggest that MET enhances plant immunity by blocking BIK1-mediated CPK28 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Bao
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hai Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yong Pei
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yaning Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yixin Li
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peiyun Ji
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dandan Du
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hao Peng
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA 93648, USA
| | - Guangyuan Xu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yin
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Gan Ai
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiangxiu Liang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Daolong Dou
- College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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13
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Adss IA, Al-Huqail AA, Khan F, El-Shamy SS, Amer GM, Hafez EE, Ibrahim OM, Sobhy SE, Saleh AA. Physio-molecular responses of tomato cultivars to biotic stress: Exploring the interplay between Alternaria alternata OP881811 infection and plant defence mechanisms. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108421. [PMID: 38335887 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Plant fungal diseases impose a formidable challenge for global agricultural productivity, a meticulous examination of host-pathogen interactions. In this intricate study, an exhaustive investigation was conducted on infected tomatoes obtained from Egyptian fields, leading to the precise molecular identification of the fungal isolate as Alternaria alternata (OP881811), and the isolate showed high identity with Chinese isolates (ON973896 and ON790502). Subsequently, fourteen diverse tomato cultivars; Cv Ferment, Cv 103, Cv Damber, Cv 186, Cv 4094, Cv Angham, Cv N 17, Cv Gesma, Cv 010, Cv branch, cv 2020, Cv 023, Cv Gana and Cv 380 were meticulously assessed to discern their susceptibility levels upon inoculation with Alternaria alternata. Thorough scrutiny of disease symptom manifestation and the extent of tomato leaf damage ensued, enabling a comprehensive evaluation of cultivar responses. Results unveiled a spectrum of plant susceptibility, with three cultivars exhibiting heightened vulnerability (Cv Ferment, Cv 103 and Cv Damber), five cultivars displaying moderate susceptibility (Cv 186, Cv 4094, Cv Angham, Cv N 17 and Cv Gesma), and six cultivars demonstrating remarkable resilience to the pathogen (Cv 010, Cv branch, cv, 2020; Cv 023, Cv Gana and Cv 380). In order to gain a thorough understanding of the underlying physiological patterns indicative of plant resistance against A. alternata, an in-depth exploration of polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant enzymes ensued. These key indicators were closely examined, offering valuable insights into the interplay between plant physiology and pathogen response. Robust correlations emerged, with higher contents of these compounds correlating with heightened susceptibility, while lower levels were indicative of enhanced plant tolerance. In tandem with the physiological assessment, a thorough investigation of four pivotal defensive genes (PR5, PPO, PR3, and POX) was undertaken, employing cutting-edge Real-Time PCR technology. Gene expression profiles displayed intriguing variations across the evaluated tomato cultivars, ultimately facilitating the classification of cultivars into distinct groups based on their levels of resistance, moderate susceptibility, or heightened sensitivity. By unravelling the intricate dynamics of plant susceptibility, physiological responses, and patterns of gene expression, this comprehensive study paves the way for targeted strategies to combat plant fungal diseases. The findings contribute valuable insights into host-pathogen interactions and empower agricultural stakeholders with the knowledge required to fortify crop resilience and safeguard global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Adss
- Division of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhur University, Al-Beheira, Egypt.
| | - Asma A Al-Huqail
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Faheema Khan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sawsan S El-Shamy
- Division of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhur University, Al-Beheira, Egypt.
| | - Ghoname M Amer
- Division of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhur University, Al-Beheira, Egypt.
| | - Elsayed E Hafez
- Plant Protection and Bimolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab, 21934, Egypt.
| | - Omar M Ibrahim
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Sherien E Sobhy
- Plant Protection and Bimolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab, 21934, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A Saleh
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Animal and Fish Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Al-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria City, 11865, Egypt.
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14
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Wang H, Song S, Gao S, Yu Q, Zhang H, Cui X, Fan J, Xin X, Liu Y, Staskawicz B, Qi T. The NLR immune receptor ADR1 and lipase-like proteins EDS1 and PAD4 mediate stomatal immunity in Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:427-446. [PMID: 37851863 PMCID: PMC10827572 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
In the presence of pathogenic bacteria, plants close their stomata to prevent pathogen entry. Intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors recognize pathogenic effectors and activate effector-triggered immune responses. However, the regulatory and molecular mechanisms of stomatal immunity involving NLR immune receptors are unknown. Here, we show that the Nicotiana benthamiana RPW8-NLR central immune receptor ACTIVATED DISEASE RESISTANCE 1 (NbADR1), together with the key immune proteins ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (NbEDS1) and PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 (NbPAD4), plays an essential role in bacterial pathogen- and flg22-induced stomatal immunity by regulating the expression of salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis or response-related genes. NbADR1 recruits NbEDS1 and NbPAD4 in stomata to form a stomatal immune response complex. The transcription factor NbWRKY40e, in association with NbEDS1 and NbPAD4, modulates the expression of SA and ABA biosynthesis or response-related genes to influence stomatal immunity. NbADR1, NbEDS1, and NbPAD4 are required for the pathogen infection-enhanced binding of NbWRKY40e to the ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE 1 promoter. Moreover, the ADR1-EDS1-PAD4 module regulates stomatal immunity in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Collectively, our findings show the pivotal role of the core intracellular immune receptor module ADR1-EDS1-PAD4 in stomatal immunity, which enables plants to limit pathogen entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanling Wang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Susheng Song
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shang Gao
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiangsheng Yu
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiulin Cui
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jun Fan
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiufang Xin
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yule Liu
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Brian Staskawicz
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Tiancong Qi
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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15
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Hou S, Rodrigues O, Liu Z, Shan L, He P. Small holes, big impact: Stomata in plant-pathogen-climate epic trifecta. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:26-49. [PMID: 38041402 PMCID: PMC10872522 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of stomatal aperture opening and closure represents an evolutionary battle between plants and pathogens, characterized by adaptive strategies that influence both plant resistance and pathogen virulence. The ongoing climate change introduces further complexity, affecting pathogen invasion and host immunity. This review delves into recent advances on our understanding of the mechanisms governing immunity-related stomatal movement and patterning with an emphasis on the regulation of stomatal opening and closure dynamics by pathogen patterns and host phytocytokines. In addition, the review explores how climate changes impact plant-pathogen interactions by modulating stomatal behavior. In light of the pressing challenges associated with food security and the unpredictable nature of climate changes, future research in this field, which includes the investigation of spatiotemporal regulation and engineering of stomatal immunity, emerges as a promising avenue for enhancing crop resilience and contributing to climate control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguo Hou
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agriculture Sciences in Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261325, China; School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, Shandong 250101, China.
| | - Olivier Rodrigues
- Unité de Recherche Physiologie, Pathologie et Génétique Végétales, Université de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, INP-PURPAN, 31076 Toulouse, France
| | - Zunyong Liu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Libo Shan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ping He
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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16
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Álvarez A, Oliveros D, Ávila YC, Sabogal Palma AC, Murillo W, Joli JE, Bermúdez-Cardona MB, Guarnizo N. Resistance induction with silicon in Hass avocado plants inoculated with Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2023; 18:2178362. [PMID: 36814118 PMCID: PMC9980686 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2178362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Root rot caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands, is one of the main factors that limits avocado production worldwide; silicon as a defense inducer seems to be a viable strategy to integrate into the management of this disease. Hereby, the present study evaluated the induction of resistance with silicon in Hass avocado plants inoculated with P. cinnamomi, as a possible alternative to conventional agrochemical management. A potassium silicate solution (10 mL, 0.2 M expressed as SiO2) was applied by irrigation, for ten days before inoculation with P. cinnamomi in Hass avocado plants. Leaf samples were taken at 3, 24, 144, and 312 h after inoculation with the pathogen. Peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymes had their highest activity 3 h after pathogen inoculation (p < .05). There was a decrease in the activity of the enzyme phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL), in the content of total phenols, and the inhibition capacity of the DPPH● radical, between 3 h and 24 h in the plants with the inducer and inoculated with P. cinnamomi (p < .05). The results suggest a beneficial effect of silicon as a defense inducer in Hass avocado plants, manifested in the activation of enzymatic pathways related to the regulation of oxidative stress and the synthesis of structural components. Therefore, the application of silicon as a defense inducer emerges as a strategy to include in the integrated management of the disease caused by P. cinnamomi in Hass avocado.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andree Álvarez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Diego Oliveros
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Yalile C. Ávila
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Angie Carolina Sabogal Palma
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Walter Murillo
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Jordi Eras Joli
- Departamento de Química, Servicios Científico Técnicos-TCEM, Universidad de Lleida, Lleida, España
| | | | - Nathalie Guarnizo
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
- Departamento de Química, ETSEA, Universidad de Lleida, Lleida, España
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17
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Xie Q, Wei B, Zhan Z, He Q, Wu K, Chen Y, Liu S, He C, Niu X, Li C, Tang C, Tao J. Arabidopsis membrane protein AMAR1 interaction with type III effector XopAM triggers a hypersensitive response. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:2768-2787. [PMID: 37648267 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The efficient infection of plants by the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) depends on its type III effectors (T3Es). Although the functions of AvrE family T3Es have been reported in some bacteria, the member XopAM in Xcc has not been studied. As XopAM has low sequence similarity to reported AvrE-T3Es and different reports have shown that these T3Es have different targets in hosts, we investigated the functions of XopAM in the Xcc-plant interaction. Deletion of xopAM from Xcc reduced its virulence in cruciferous crops but increased virulence in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Col-0, indicating that XopAM may perform opposite functions depending on the host species. We further found that XopAM is a lipase that may target the cytomembrane and that this activity might be enhanced by its membrane-targeted protein XOPAM-ACTIVATED RESISTANCE 1 (AMAR1) in Arabidopsis Col-0. The binding of XopAM to AMAR1 induced an intense hypersensitive response that restricted Xcc proliferation. Our results showed that the roles of XopAM in Xcc infection are not the same as those of other AvrE-T3Es, indicating that the functions of this type of T3E have differentiated during long-term bacterium‒host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbiao Xie
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Bingzheng Wei
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhaohong Zhan
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qiguang He
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Kejian Wu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shiyao Liu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Chaozu He
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya 572024, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Xiaolei Niu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Chaorong Tang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jun Tao
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
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18
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Wang Z, Li X, Yao X, Ma J, Lu K, An Y, Sun Z, Wang Q, Zhou M, Qin L, Zhang L, Zou S, Chen L, Song C, Dong H, Zhang M, Chen X. MYB44 regulates PTI by promoting the expression of EIN2 and MPK3/6 in Arabidopsis. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100628. [PMID: 37221824 PMCID: PMC10721452 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The plant signaling pathway that regulates pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) involves mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades that comprise sequential activation of several protein kinases and the ensuing phosphorylation of MAPKs, which activate transcription factors (TFs) to promote downstream defense responses. To identify plant TFs that regulate MAPKs, we investigated TF-defective mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana and identified MYB44 as an essential constituent of the PTI pathway. MYB44 confers resistance against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae by cooperating with MPK3 and MPK6. Under PAMP treatment, MYB44 binds to the promoters of MPK3 and MPK6 to activate their expression, leading to phosphorylation of MPK3 and MPK6 proteins. In turn, phosphorylated MPK3 and MPK6 phosphorylate MYB44 in a functionally redundant manner, thus enabling MYB44 to activate MPK3 and MPK6 expression and further activate downstream defense responses. Activation of defense responses has also been attributed to activation of EIN2 transcription by MYB44, which has previously been shown to affect PAMP recognition and PTI development. AtMYB44 thus functions as an integral component of the PTI pathway by connecting transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of the MPK3/6 cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuodong Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xiaohui Yao
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; Qilu College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Jinbiao Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kai Lu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yuyan An
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Zhimao Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Miao Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Lina Qin
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Shenshen Zou
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Congfeng Song
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hansong Dong
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; Qilu College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Meixiang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Xiaochen Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
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19
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Abukhalaf M, Proksch C, Thieme D, Ziegler J, Hoehenwarter W. Changing turn-over rates regulate abundance of tryptophan, GS biosynthesis, IAA transport and photosynthesis proteins in Arabidopsis growth defense transitions. BMC Biol 2023; 21:249. [PMID: 37940940 PMCID: PMC10634109 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01739-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shifts in dynamic equilibria of the abundance of cellular molecules in plant-pathogen interactions need further exploration. We induced PTI in optimally growing Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings for 16 h, returning them to growth conditions for another 16 h. METHODS Turn-over and abundance of 99 flg22 responding proteins were measured chronologically using a stable heavy nitrogen isotope partial labeling strategy and targeted liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (PRM LC-MS). These experiments were complemented by measurements of mRNA and phytohormone levels. RESULTS Changes in synthesis and degradation rate constants (Ks and Kd) regulated tryptophane and glucosinolate, IAA transport, and photosynthesis-associated protein (PAP) homeostasis in growth/PTI transitions independently of mRNA levels. Ks values increased after elicitation while protein and mRNA levels became uncorrelated. mRNA returned to pre-elicitation levels, yet protein abundance remained at PTI levels even 16 h after media exchange, indicating protein levels were robust and unresponsive to transition back to growth. The abundance of 23 PAPs including FERREDOXIN-NADP( +)-OXIDOREDUCTASE (FNR1) decreased 16 h after PAMP exposure, their depletion was nearly abolished in the myc234 mutant. FNR1 Kd increased as mRNA levels decreased early in PTI, its Ks decreased in prolonged PTI. FNR1 Kd was lower in myc234, mRNA levels decreased as in wild type. CONCLUSIONS Protein Kd and Ks values change in response to flg22 exposure and constitute an additional layer of protein abundance regulation in growth defense transitions next to changes in mRNA levels. Our results suggest photosystem remodeling in PTI to direct electron flow away from the photosynthetic carbon reaction towards ROS production as an active defense mechanism controlled post-transcriptionally and by MYC2 and homologs. Target proteins accumulated later and PAP and auxin/IAA depletion was repressed in myc234 indicating a positive effect of the transcription factors in the establishment of PTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abukhalaf
- Present address: Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Niemannsweg 11, 24105, Kiel, Germany
- Department Biochemistry of Plant Interactions, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06122, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Carsten Proksch
- Department Biochemistry of Plant Interactions, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06122, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Domenika Thieme
- Department Biochemistry of Plant Interactions, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06122, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jörg Ziegler
- Department Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06122, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hoehenwarter
- Department Biochemistry of Plant Interactions, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06122, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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20
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Chandan RK, Kumar R, Kabyashree K, Yadav SK, Roy M, Swain DM, Jha G. A prophage tail-like protein facilitates the endophytic growth of Burkholderia gladioli and mounting immunity in tomato. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:1202-1218. [PMID: 37559429 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
A prophage tail-like protein (Bg_9562) of Burkholderia gladioli strain NGJ1 possesses broad-spectrum antifungal activity, and it is required for the bacterial ability to forage over fungi. Here, we analyzed whether heterologous overexpression of Bg_9562 or exogenous treatment with purified protein can impart disease tolerance in tomato. The physiological relevance of Bg_9562 during endophytic growth of NGJ1 was also investigated. Bg_9562 overexpressing lines demonstrate fungal and bacterial disease tolerance. They exhibit enhanced expression of defense genes and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases. Treatment with Bg_9562 protein induces defense responses and imparts immunity in wild-type tomato. The defense-inducing ability lies within 18-51 aa region of Bg_9562 and is due to sequence homology with the bacterial flagellin epitope. Interaction studies suggest that Bg_9562 is perceived by FLAGELLIN-SENSING 2 homologs in tomato. The silencing of SlSERK3s (BAK1 homologs) prevents Bg_9562-triggered immunity. Moreover, type III secretion system-dependent translocation of Bg_9562 into host apoplast is important for elicitation of immune responses during colonization of NGJ1. Our study emphasizes that Bg_9562 is important for the endophytic growth of B. gladioli, while the plant perceives it as an indirect indicator of the presence of bacteria to mount immune responses. The findings have practical implications for controlling plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Kumar Chandan
- Plant-Microbe Interactions Lab, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Plant-Microbe Interactions Lab, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Kristi Kabyashree
- Plant-Microbe Interactions Lab, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Yadav
- Plant-Microbe Interactions Lab, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Mandira Roy
- Plant-Microbe Interactions Lab, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Durga Madhab Swain
- Plant-Microbe Interactions Lab, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Gopaljee Jha
- Plant-Microbe Interactions Lab, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
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21
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You Y, Jiang Z. The eINTACT method for studying nuclear changes in host plant cells targeted by bacterial effectors in native infection contexts. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:3173-3193. [PMID: 37697105 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00879-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Type-III effector proteins are major virulence determinants that most gram-negative bacteria inject into host cells to manipulate cellular processes for infection. Because effector-targeted cells are embedded and underrepresented in infected plant tissues, it is technically challenging to isolate them for focused studies of effector-induced cellular changes. This protocol describes a novel technique, effector-inducible isolation of nuclei tagged in specific cell types (eINTACT), for isolating biotin-labeled nuclei from Arabidopsis plant cells that have received Xanthomonas bacterial effectors by using streptavidin-coated magnetic beads. This protocol is an extension of the existing Nature Protocols Protocol of the INTACT method for the affinity-based purification of nuclei of specific cell types in the context of developmental biology. In a phytopathology scenario, our protocol addresses how to obtain eINTACT transgenic lines and compatible bacterial mutants, verify the eINTACT system and purify nuclei of bacterial effector-recipient cells from infected tissues. Differential analyses of purified nuclei from plants infected by bacteria expressing the effector of interest and those from plants infected by effector-deletion bacterial mutants will reveal the effector-dependent nuclear changes in targeted host cells. Provided that the eINTACT system is available, the infection experiment takes 5 d, and the procedures, from collecting bacteria-infected leaves to obtaining nuclei of effector-targeted cells, can be completed in 4 h. eINTACT is a unique method for isolating high-quality nuclei from bacterial effector-targeted host cells in native infection contexts. This method is adaptable to study the functions of type-III effectors from numerous gram-negative bacteria in host plants that are amenable to transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan You
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
- Department of General Genetics, Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Zhihao Jiang
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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22
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Jiang S, Pan L, Zhou Q, Xu W, He F, Zhang L, Gao H. Analysis of the apoplast fluid proteome during the induction of systemic acquired resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16324. [PMID: 37876907 PMCID: PMC10592298 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plant-pathogen interactions occur in the apoplast comprising the cell wall matrix and the fluid in the extracellular space outside the plasma membrane. However, little is known regarding the contribution of the apoplastic proteome to systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Methods Specifically, SAR was induced by inoculating plants with Pst DC3000 avrRps4. The apoplast washing fluid (AWF) was collected from the systemic leaves of the SAR-induced or mock-treated plants. A label free quantitative proteomic analysis was performed to identified the proteins related to SAR in AWF. Results A total of 117 proteins were designated as differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs), including numerous pathogenesis-related proteins, kinases, glycosyl hydrolases, and redox-related proteins. Functional enrichment analyses shown that these DAPs were mainly enriched in carbohydrate metabolic process, cell wall organization, hydrogen peroxide catabolic process, and positive regulation of catalytic activity. Comparative analysis of proteome data indicated that these DAPs were selectively enriched in the apoplast during the induction of SAR. Conclusions The findings of this study indicate the apoplastic proteome is involved in SAR. The data presented herein may be useful for future investigations on the molecular mechanism mediating the establishment of SAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuna Jiang
- College of Survey and Planning, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Liying Pan
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhou
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Fuge He
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Crops Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hang Gao
- College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
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23
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Jia M, Chen X, Shi X, Fang Y, Gu Y. Nuclear transport receptor KA120 regulates molecular condensation of MAC3 to coordinate plant immune activation. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1685-1699.e7. [PMID: 37714161 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The nucleocytoplasmic exchange is of fundamental importance to eukaryotic life and is mediated by karyopherins, a superfamily of nuclear transport receptors. However, the function and cargo spectrum of plant karyopherins are largely obscure. Here, we report proximity-labeling-based proteomic profiling of in vivo substrates of KA120, a karyopherin-β required for suppressing autoimmune induction in Arabidopsis. We identify multiple components of the MOS4-associated complex (MAC), a conserved splicing regulatory protein complex. Surprisingly, we find that KA120 does not affect the nucleocytoplasmic distribution of MAC proteins but rather prevents their protein condensation in the nucleus. Furthermore, we demonstrate that MAC condensation is robustly induced by pathogen infection, which is sufficient to activate defense gene expression, possibly by sequestrating negative immune regulators via phase transition. Our study reveals a noncanonical chaperoning activity of a plant karyopherin, which modulates the nuclear condensation of an evolutionarily conserved splicing regulatory complex to coordinate plant immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jia
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Xuanyi Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xuetao Shi
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yiling Fang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yangnan Gu
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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24
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Tang B, Feng L, Hulin MT, Ding P, Ma W. Cell-type-specific responses to fungal infection in plants revealed by single-cell transcriptomics. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1732-1747.e5. [PMID: 37741284 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen infection is a dynamic process. Here, we employ single-cell transcriptomics to investigate plant response heterogeneity. By generating an Arabidopsis thaliana leaf atlas encompassing 95,040 cells during infection by a fungal pathogen, Colletotrichum higginsianum, we unveil cell-type-specific gene expression, notably an enrichment of intracellular immune receptors in vasculature cells. Trajectory inference identifies cells that had different interactions with the invading fungus. This analysis divulges transcriptional reprogramming of abscisic acid signaling specifically occurring in guard cells, which is consistent with a stomatal closure dependent on direct contact with the fungus. Furthermore, we investigate the transcriptional plasticity of genes involved in glucosinolate biosynthesis in cells at the fungal infection sites, emphasizing the contribution of the epidermis-expressed MYB122 to disease resistance. This work underscores spatially dynamic, cell-type-specific plant responses to a fungal pathogen and provides a valuable resource that supports in-depth investigations of plant-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozeng Tang
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, NR4 7UH Norwich, UK
| | - Li Feng
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, NR4 7UH Norwich, UK
| | - Michelle T Hulin
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, NR4 7UH Norwich, UK
| | - Pingtao Ding
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Wenbo Ma
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, NR4 7UH Norwich, UK.
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25
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Islam F, Liu S, Chen H, Chen J. Reprogramming of hormone-mediated antiviral responses in plants by viruses: A molecular tug of war on the salicylic acid-mediated immunity. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:1493-1495. [PMID: 37731244 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Islam
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shan Liu
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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26
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Zhao H, Ding X, Chu X, Zhang H, Wang X, Zhang X, Liu H, Zhang X, Yin Z, Li Y, Ding X. Plant immune inducer ZNC promotes rutin accumulation and enhances resistance to Botrytis cinerea in tomato. STRESS BIOLOGY 2023; 3:36. [PMID: 37676331 PMCID: PMC10444710 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00106-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Gray mold is a destructive disease caused by Botrytis cinerea, a pervasive plant pathogen, which poses a threat to both tomato growth and postharvest storage. The utilization of induced resistance presents a potential strategy for combating plant pathogenic attacks. ZNC (zhinengcong), an extract derived from the endophytic fungus Paecilomyces variotii, has been discovered to play a vital role in preventing diverse forms of bacterial infections. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism behind its ability to enhance tomato resistance to fungi remains unclear. In this study, we found that the exogenous spraying of ZNC could significantly improve the resistance of tomato plants to B. cinerea. The results of both the metabolomic analysis and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) demonstrated that tomato plants responded to ZNC treatment by accumulating high levels of rutin. Additional transcriptome analysis uncovered that rutin enhances tomato resistance possible by initiating the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MPKs) related genes expression during the initial phase of invasion by B. cinerea. In addition, we also found that rutin might activate plant immunity by eliciting ethylene (ET) and jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated pathways. Therefore, plant immune inducer ZNC and rutin has bright application prospects and high utilization value to control gray mold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Haimiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Haoqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Shandong Pengbo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Taian, 271000, China
| | - Ziyi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, P. R. China.
| | - Xinhua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, P. R. China.
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27
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Zhu J, Moreno-Pérez A, Coaker G. Understanding plant pathogen interactions using spatial and single-cell technologies. Commun Biol 2023; 6:814. [PMID: 37542114 PMCID: PMC10403533 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are in contact with diverse pathogens and microorganisms. Intense investigation over the last 30 years has resulted in the identification of multiple immune receptors in model and crop species as well as signaling overlap in surface-localized and intracellular immune receptors. However, scientists still have a limited understanding of how plants respond to diverse pathogens with spatial and cellular resolution. Recent advancements in single-cell, single-nucleus and spatial technologies can now be applied to plant-pathogen interactions. Here, we outline the current state of these technologies and highlight outstanding biological questions that can be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Alba Moreno-Pérez
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Gitta Coaker
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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28
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Chen L, Torii KU. Signaling in plant development and immunity through the lens of the stomata. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R733-R742. [PMID: 37433278 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The proper development and function of stomata - turgor-driven valves for efficient gas-exchange and water control - impact plant survival and productivity. It has become apparent that various receptor kinases regulate stomatal development and immunity. Although stomatal development and immunity occur over different cellular time scales, their signaling components and regulatory modules are strikingly similar, and often shared. In this review, we survey the current knowledge of stomatal development and immunity signaling components, and provide a synthesis and perspectives on the key concepts to further understand the conservation and specificity of these two signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Chen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Keiko U Torii
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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29
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Liu J, Wu X, Fang Y, Liu Y, Bello EO, Li Y, Xiong R, Li Y, Fu ZQ, Wang A, Cheng X. A plant RNA virus inhibits NPR1 sumoylation and subverts NPR1-mediated plant immunity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3580. [PMID: 37328517 PMCID: PMC10275998 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
NONEXPRESSER OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 1 (NPR1) is the master regulator of salicylic acid-mediated basal and systemic acquired resistance in plants. Here, we report that NPR1 plays a pivotal role in restricting compatible infection by turnip mosaic virus, a member of the largest plant RNA virus genus Potyvirus, and that such resistance is counteracted by NUCLEAR INCLUSION B (NIb), the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. We demonstrate that NIb binds to the SUMO-interacting motif 3 (SIM3) of NPR1 to prevent SUMO3 interaction and sumoylation, while sumoylation of NIb by SUMO3 is not essential but can intensify the NIb-NPR1 interaction. We discover that the interaction also impedes the phosphorylation of NPR1 at Ser11/Ser15. Moreover, we show that targeting NPR1 SIM3 is a conserved ability of NIb from diverse potyviruses. These data reveal a molecular "arms race" by which potyviruses deploy NIb to suppress NPR1-mediated resistance through disrupting NPR1 sumoylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yue Fang
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ye Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Esther Oreofe Bello
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yong Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ruyi Xiong
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, N5V 4T3, ON, Canada
- A&L Canada Laboratories Lnc., London, N5V 3P5, ON, Canada
| | - Yinzi Li
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, N5V 4T3, ON, Canada
| | - Zheng Qing Fu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Aiming Wang
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, N5V 4T3, ON, Canada
| | - Xiaofei Cheng
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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Bao Y, Li Y, Chang Q, Chen R, Wang W, Zhang Q, Chen S, Xu G, Wang X, Cui F, Dou D, Liang X. A pair of G-type lectin receptor-like kinases modulates nlp20-mediated immune responses by coupling to the RLP23 receptor complex. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:1312-1327. [PMID: 36633200 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells recognize microbial patterns with the plasma-membrane-localized pattern-recognition receptors consisting mainly of receptor kinases (RKs) and receptor-like proteins (RLPs). RKs, such as bacterial flagellin receptor FLS2, and their downstream signaling components have been studied extensively. However, newly discovered regulatory components of RLP-mediated immune signaling, such as the nlp20 receptor RLP23, await identification. Unlike RKs, RLPs lack a cytoplasmic kinase domain, instead recruiting the receptor-like kinases (RLKs) BAK1 and SOBIR1. SOBIR1 specifically works as an adapter for RLP-mediated immunity. To identify new regulators of RLP-mediated signaling, we looked for SOBIR1-binding proteins (SBPs) in Arabidopsis thaliana using protein immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, identifying two G-type lectin RLKs, SBP1 and SBP2, that physically interacted with SOBIR1. SBP1 and SBP2 showed high sequence similarity, were tandemly repeated on chromosome 4, and also interacted with both RLP23 and BAK1. sbp1 sbp2 double mutants obtained via CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing showed severely impaired nlp20-induced reactive oxygen species burst, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, and defense gene expression, but normal flg22-induced immune responses. We showed that SBP1 regulated nlp20-induced immunity in a kinase activity-independent manner. Furthermore, the nlp20-induced the RLP23-BAK1 interaction, although not the flg22-induced FLS2-BAK1 interaction, was significantly reduced in sbp1 sbp2. This study identified SBPs as new regulatory components in RLP23 receptor complex that may specifically modulate RLP23-mediated immunity by positively regulating the interaction between the RLP23 receptor and the BAK1 co-receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Bao
- MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yixin Li
- MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qin Chang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Rubin Chen
- MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuxian Chen
- MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guangyuan Xu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fuhao Cui
- MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Daolong Dou
- MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiangxiu Liang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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31
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Chandan RK, Kumar R, Swain DM, Ghosh S, Bhagat PK, Patel S, Bagler G, Sinha AK, Jha G. RAV1 family members function as transcriptional regulators and play a positive role in plant disease resistance. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:39-54. [PMID: 36703574 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phytopathogens pose a severe threat to agriculture and strengthening the plant defense response is an important strategy for disease control. Here, we report that AtRAV1, an AP2 and B3 domain-containing transcription factor, is required for basal plant defense in Arabidopsis thaliana. The atrav1 mutant lines demonstrate hyper-susceptibility against fungal pathogens (Rhizoctonia solani and Botrytis cinerea), whereas AtRAV1 overexpressing lines exhibit disease resistance against them. Enhanced expression of various defense genes and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (AtMPK3 and AtMPK6) are observed in the R. solani infected overexpressing lines, but not in the atrav1 mutant plants. An in vitro phosphorylation assay suggests AtRAV1 to be a novel phosphorylation target of AtMPK3. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation and yeast two-hybrid assays support physical interactions between AtRAV1 and AtMPK3. Overexpression of the native as well as phospho-mimic but not the phospho-defective variant of AtRAV1 imparts disease resistance in the atrav1 mutant A. thaliana lines. On the other hand, overexpression of AtRAV1 fails to impart disease resistance in the atmpk3 mutant. These analyses emphasize that AtMPK3-mediated phosphorylation of AtRAV1 is important for the elaboration of the defense response in A. thaliana. Considering that RAV1 homologs are conserved in diverse plant species, we propose that they can be gainfully deployed to impart disease resistance in agriculturally important crop plants. Indeed, overexpression of SlRAV1 (a member of the RAV1 family) imparts disease tolerance against not only fungal (R. solani and B. cinerea), but also against bacterial (Ralstonia solanacearum) pathogens in tomato, whereas silencing of the gene enhances disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Kumar Chandan
- Plant Microbe Interactions Lab, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Sector-30, Gandhinagar, 382030, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Plant Microbe Interactions Lab, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Durga Madhab Swain
- Plant Microbe Interactions Lab, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Srayan Ghosh
- Plant Microbe Interactions Lab, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Prakash Kumar Bhagat
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sunita Patel
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Sector-30, Gandhinagar, 382030, India
| | - Ganesh Bagler
- Centre for Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology (IIIT-Delhi), New Delhi, 110020, India
| | - Alok Krishna Sinha
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Gopaljee Jha
- Plant Microbe Interactions Lab, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
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Huang F, He N, Yu M, Li D, Yang D. Identification and fine mapping of a new bacterial blight resistance gene, Xa43(t), in Zhangpu wild rice (Oryza rufipogon). PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:433-439. [PMID: 36689326 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial blight (BB) is currently considered one of the most serious rice diseases and is caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Numerous studies have shown that breeding resistant rice varieties is one of the most effective methods to prevent BB, and it is important to identify and isolate more BB resistance (R) genes from different rice resources. Using a map-based approach, we identified a new QTL/gene, Xa43(t), from ZhangPu wild rice, which was highly resistant to the BB isolate PX099. We performed bulked segregant analysis combined with candidate gene prediction to identify the candidate gene. The Xa43(t) gene was narrowed down to a 29-kb region containing four putative genes. More importantly, the candidate gene Xa43(t) did not affect the main agronomic traits of rice. We also identified a widely applicable molecular marker, namely Inde1-18, which co-segregates with the Xa43(t) gene. The Xa43(t) gene is a new broad-spectrum BB resistance gene without identified alleles and has good application prospects for rice disease resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Huang
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian High Quality Rice Research & Development Center, Fuzhou, China
| | - N He
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian High Quality Rice Research & Development Center, Fuzhou, China
| | - M Yu
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian High Quality Rice Research & Development Center, Fuzhou, China
| | - D Li
- Anxi Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Anxi, Fujian Province, China
| | - D Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian High Quality Rice Research & Development Center, Fuzhou, China
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Ekanayake G, Leslie ME, Smith JM, Heese A. Arabidopsis Dynamin-Related Protein AtDRP2A Contributes to Late Flg22-Signaling and Effective Immunity Against Pseudomonas syringae Bacteria. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2023; 36:201-207. [PMID: 36653183 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-10-22-0207-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, dynamins and dynamin-related proteins (DRPs) are high-molecular weight GTPases responsible for mechanochemical fission of organelles or membranes. Of the six DRP subfamilies in Arabidopsis thaliana, AtDRP1 and AtDRP2 family members serve as endocytic accessory proteins in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Most studies have focused on AtDRP1A and AtDRP2B as critical modulators of plant pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) against pathogenic, flagellated Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 bacteria and immune signaling in response to the bacterial flagellin peptide flg22. Much less is known about AtDRP2A, the closely related paralog of AtDRP2B. AtDRP2A and AtDRP2B are the only classical, or bona fide, dynamins in Arabidopsis, based on their evolutionary conserved domain structure with mammalian dynamins functioning in endocytosis. AtDRP2B but not AtDRP2A is required for robust ligand-induced endocytosis of the receptor kinase FLAGELLIN SENSING2 for dampening of early flg22 signaling. Here, we utilized Arabidopsis drp2a null mutants to identify AtDRP2A as a positive contributor to effective PTI against P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 bacteria, consistent with reduced PATHOGEN RELATED1 (PR1) messenger RNA accumulation. We provide evidence that AtDRP2A is a novel modulator of late flg22 signaling, contributing positively to PR1 gene induction but negatively to polyglucan callose deposition. AtDRP2A has no apparent roles in flg22-elicited mitogen-activated protein kinase defense marker gene induction. In summary, this study adds the evolutionary conserved dynamin AtDRP2A to a small group of vesicular trafficking proteins with roles as non-canonical contributors in immune responses, likely due to modulating one or both the localization and activity of multiple different proteins with distinct contributions to immune signaling. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayani Ekanayake
- University of Missouri-Columbia, Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group (IPG), Columbia, MO, U.S.A
| | - Michelle E Leslie
- University of Missouri-Columbia, Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group (IPG), Columbia, MO, U.S.A
| | - John M Smith
- University of Missouri-Columbia, Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group (IPG), Columbia, MO, U.S.A
- University of Missouri-Columbia, Division of Plant Sciences & Technology, Columbia, MO, U.S.A
| | - Antje Heese
- University of Missouri-Columbia, Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group (IPG), Columbia, MO, U.S.A
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Bi Y, Wang H, Yuan X, Yan Y, Li D, Song F. The NAC transcription factor ONAC083 negatively regulates rice immunity against Magnaporthe oryzae by directly activating transcription of the RING-H2 gene OsRFPH2-6. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:854-875. [PMID: 36308720 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
NAC transcription factors (TFs) play critical roles in plant immunity by modulating the expression of downstream genes via binding to specific cis-elements in promoters. Here, we report the function and regulatory network of a pathogen- and defense phytohormone-inducible NAC TF gene, ONAC083, in rice (Oryza sativa) immunity. ONAC083 localizes to the nucleus and exhibits transcriptional activation activity that depends on its C-terminal region. Knockout of ONAC083 enhances rice immunity against Magnaporthe oryzae, strengthening pathogen-induced defense responses, and boosting chitin-induced pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), whereas ONAC083 overexpression has opposite effects. We identified ONAC083-binding sites in the promoters of 82 genes, and showed that ONAC083 specifically binds to a conserved element with the core sequence ACGCAA. ONAC083 activated the transcription of the genes OsRFPH2-6, OsTrx1, and OsPUP4 by directly binding to the ACGCAA element. OsRFPH2-6, encoding a RING-H2 protein with an N-terminal transmembrane region and a C-terminal typical RING domain, negatively regulated rice immunity against M. oryzae and chitin-triggered PTI. These data demonstrate that ONAC083 negatively contributes to rice immunity against M. oryzae by directly activating the transcription of OsRFPH2-6 through the ACGCAA element in its promoter. Overall, our study provides new insight into the molecular regulatory network of NAC TFs in rice immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Bi
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hui Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xi Yuan
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Yuqing Yan
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dayong Li
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fengming Song
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Dong Y, Zhou J, Yang Y, Lu W, Jin Y, Huang X, Zhang W, Li J, Ai G, Yin Z, Shen D, Jing M, Dou D, Xia A. Cyclophilin effector Al106 of mirid bug Apolygus lucorum inhibits plant immunity and promotes insect feeding by targeting PUB33. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:2388-2403. [PMID: 36519219 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dur; Heteroptera: Miridae) is a major agricultural pest infesting crops, vegetables, and fruit trees. During feeding, A. lucorum secretes a plethora of effectors into its hosts to promote infestation. However, the molecular mechanisms of these effectors manipulating plant immunity are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the effector Al106 manipulation of plant-insect interaction by RNA interference, electrical penetration graph, insect and pathogen bioassays, protein-protein interaction studies, and protein ubiquitination experiment. Expression of Al106 in Nicotiana benthamiana inhibits pathogen-associated molecular pattern-induced cell death and reactive oxygen species burst, and promotes insect feeding and plant pathogen infection. In addition, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) activity of Al106 is required for its function to inhibit PTI.Al106 interacts with a plant U-box (PUB) protein, PUB33, from N. benthamiana and Arabidopsis thaliana. We also demonstrated that PUB33 is a positive regulator of plant immunity. Furthermore, an in vivo assay revealed that Al106 inhibits ubiquitination of NbPUB33 depending on PPIase activity. Our findings revealed that a novel cyclophilin effector may interact with plant PUB33 to suppress plant immunity and facilitate insect feeding in a PPIase activity-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Dong
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210000, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangxuan Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210000, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxia Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210000, Nanjing, China
| | - Wangshan Lu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210000, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Jin
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210000, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingge Huang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210000, Nanjing, China
| | - Wendan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210000, Nanjing, China
| | - Jifen Li
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210000, Nanjing, China
| | - Gan Ai
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210000, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yin
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210000, Nanjing, China
| | - Danyu Shen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210000, Nanjing, China
| | - Maofeng Jing
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210000, Nanjing, China
| | - Daolong Dou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210000, Nanjing, China
| | - Ai Xia
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210000, Nanjing, China
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Paauw M, van Hulten M, Chatterjee S, Berg JA, Taks NW, Giesbers M, Richard MMS, van den Burg HA. Hydathode immunity protects the Arabidopsis leaf vasculature against colonization by bacterial pathogens. Curr Biol 2023; 33:697-710.e6. [PMID: 36731466 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants prevent disease by passively and actively protecting potential entry routes against invading microbes. For example, the plant immune system actively guards roots, wounds, and stomata. How plants prevent vascular disease upon bacterial entry via guttation fluids excreted from specialized glands at the leaf margin remains largely unknown. These so-called hydathodes release xylem sap when root pressure is too high. By studying hydathode colonization by both hydathode-adapted (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris) and non-adapted pathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato) in immunocompromised Arabidopsis mutants, we show that the immune hubs BAK1 and EDS1-PAD4-ADR1 restrict bacterial multiplication in hydathodes. Both immune hubs effectively confine bacterial pathogens to hydathodes and lower the number of successful escape events of an hydathode-adapted pathogen toward the xylem. A second layer of defense, which is dependent on the plant hormones' pipecolic acid and to a lesser extent on salicylic acid, reduces the vascular spread of the pathogen. Thus, besides glands, hydathodes represent a potent first line of defense against leaf-invading microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misha Paauw
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke van Hulten
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sayantani Chatterjee
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen A Berg
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nanne W Taks
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Giesbers
- Wageningen Electron Microscopy Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Manon M S Richard
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harrold A van den Burg
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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37
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Vañó MS, Nourimand M, MacLean A, Pérez-López E. Getting to the root of a club - Understanding developmental manipulation by the clubroot pathogen. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 148-149:22-32. [PMID: 36792438 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor., the clubroot pathogen, is the perfect example of an "atypical" plant pathogen. This soil-borne protist and obligate biotrophic parasite infects the roots of cruciferous crops, inducing galls or clubs that lead to wilting, loss of productivity, and plant death. Unlike many other agriculturally relevant pathosystems, research into the molecular mechanisms that underlie clubroot disease and Plasmodiophora-host interactions is limited. After release of the first P. brassicae genome sequence and subsequent availability of transcriptomic data, the clubroot research community have implicated the involvement of phytohormones during the clubroot pathogen's manipulation of host development. Herein we review the main events leading to the formation of root galls and describe how modulation of select phytohormones may be key to modulating development of the plant host to the benefit of the pathogen. Effector-host interactions are at the base of different strategies employed by pathogens to hijack plant cellular processes. This is how we suspect the clubroot pathogen hijacks host plant metabolism and development to induce nutrient-sink roots galls, emphasizing a need to deepen our understanding of this master manipulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Silvestre Vañó
- Départment de phytologie, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche et d'innovation sur les végétaux (CRIV), Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Institute de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maryam Nourimand
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Allyson MacLean
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Edel Pérez-López
- Départment de phytologie, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche et d'innovation sur les végétaux (CRIV), Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Institute de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
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38
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You Y, Koczyk G, Nuc M, Morbitzer R, Holmes DR, von Roepenack-Lahaye E, Hou S, Giudicatti A, Gris C, Manavella PA, Noël LD, Krajewski P, Lahaye T. The eINTACT system dissects bacterial exploitation of plant osmosignalling to enhance virulence. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:128-141. [PMID: 36550363 PMCID: PMC9873569 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01302-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria inject effector proteins into host cells to manipulate cellular processes that promote disease. Since bacteria deliver minuscule amounts of effectors only into targeted host cells, it is technically challenging to capture effector-dependent cellular changes from bulk-infected host tissues. Here, we report a new technique called effector-inducible isolation of nuclei tagged in specific cell types (eINTACT), which facilitates affinity-based purification of nuclei from Arabidopsis plant cells that have received Xanthomonas bacterial effectors. Analysis of purified nuclei reveals that the Xanthomonas effector XopD manipulates the expression of Arabidopsis abscisic acid signalling-related genes and activates OSCA1.1, a gene encoding a calcium-permeable channel required for stomatal closure in response to osmotic stress. The loss of OSCA1.1 causes leaf wilting and reduced bacterial growth in infected leaves, suggesting that OSCA1.1 promotes host susceptibility. eINTACT allows us to uncover that XopD exploits host OSCA1.1/abscisic acid osmosignalling-mediated stomatal closure to create a humid habitat that favours bacterial growth and opens up a new avenue for accurately elucidating functions of effectors from numerous gram-negative plant bacteria in native infection contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan You
- Department of General Genetics, Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Grzegorz Koczyk
- Department of Biometry and Bioinformatics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Maria Nuc
- Department of Biometry and Bioinformatics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Robert Morbitzer
- Department of General Genetics, Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Danalyn R Holmes
- Department of General Genetics, Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Shiji Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR of China
| | - Axel Giudicatti
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carine Gris
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Pablo A Manavella
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Laurent D Noël
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Paweł Krajewski
- Department of Biometry and Bioinformatics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Thomas Lahaye
- Department of General Genetics, Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Zhou X, Wang J, Liu F, Liang J, Zhao P, Tsui CKM, Cai L. Cross-kingdom synthetic microbiota supports tomato suppression of Fusarium wilt disease. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7890. [PMID: 36550095 PMCID: PMC9780251 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35452-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of rhizosphere microbiota in the resistance of tomato plant against soil-borne Fusarium wilt disease (FWD) remains unclear. Here, we showed that the FWD incidence was significantly negatively correlated with the diversity of both rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities. Using the microbiological culturomic approach, we selected 205 unique strains to construct different synthetic communities (SynComs), which were inoculated into germ-free tomato seedlings, and their roles in suppressing FWD were monitored using omics approach. Cross-kingdom (fungi and bacteria) SynComs were most effective in suppressing FWD than those of Fungal or Bacterial SynComs alone. This effect was underpinned by a combination of molecular mechanisms related to plant immunity and microbial interactions contributed by the bacterial and fungal communities. This study provides new insight into the dynamics of microbiota in pathogen suppression and host immunity interactions. Also, the formulation and manipulation of SynComs for functional complementation constitute a beneficial strategy in controlling soil-borne disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jinting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Junmin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Clement K M Tsui
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, P. R. China.
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40
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Buziashvili A, Yemets A. Lactoferrin and its role in biotechnological strategies for plant defense against pathogens. Transgenic Res 2022; 32:1-16. [PMID: 36534334 PMCID: PMC9761627 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-022-00331-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural crops are susceptible to many diseases caused by various pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria and fungi. This paper reviews the general principles of plant protection against pathogens, as well as the role of iron and antimicrobial peptide metabolism in plant immunity. The article highlights the principles of antibacterial, fungicidal and antiviral action of lactoferrin, a mammalian secretory glycoprotein, and lactoferrin peptides, and their role in protecting plants from phytopathogens. This review offers a comprehensive analysis and shows potential prospects of using the lactoferrin gene to enhance plant resistance to various phytopathogens, as well as the advantages of this biotechnological approach over existing methods of protecting plants against various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Buziashvili
- Department of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Baidy-Vyshnevetskogo Str., 2a, Kyiv, 04123 Ukraine
| | - Alla Yemets
- Department of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Baidy-Vyshnevetskogo Str., 2a, Kyiv, 04123 Ukraine
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Afridi MS, Ali S, Salam A, César Terra W, Hafeez A, Ali B, S AlTami M, Ameen F, Ercisli S, Marc RA, Medeiros FHV, Karunakaran R. Plant Microbiome Engineering: Hopes or Hypes. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121782. [PMID: 36552290 PMCID: PMC9774975 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rhizosphere microbiome is a dynamic and complex zone of microbial communities. This complex plant-associated microbial community, usually regarded as the plant's second genome, plays a crucial role in plant health. It is unquestioned that plant microbiome collectively contributes to plant growth and fitness. It also provides a safeguard from plant pathogens, and induces tolerance in the host against abiotic stressors. The revolution in omics, gene-editing and sequencing tools have somehow led to unravel the compositions and latent interactions between plants and microbes. Similarly, besides standard practices, many biotechnological, (bio)chemical and ecological methods have also been proposed. Such platforms have been solely dedicated to engineer the complex microbiome by untangling the potential barriers, and to achieve better agriculture output. Yet, several limitations, for example, the biological obstacles, abiotic constraints and molecular tools that capably impact plant microbiome engineering and functionality, remained unaddressed problems. In this review, we provide a holistic overview of plant microbiome composition, complexities, and major challenges in plant microbiome engineering. Then, we unearthed all inevitable abiotic factors that serve as bottlenecks by discouraging plant microbiome engineering and functionality. Lastly, by exploring the inherent role of micro/macrofauna, we propose economic and eco-friendly strategies that could be harnessed sustainably and biotechnologically for resilient plant microbiome engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Siddique Afridi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Federal University of Lavras, (UFLA), Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Sher Ali
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Abdul Salam
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Willian César Terra
- Department of Plant Pathology, Federal University of Lavras, (UFLA), Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Aqsa Hafeez
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Baber Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Mona S AlTami
- Biology Department, College of Science, Qassim University, Burydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Romina Alina Marc
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Mănă ̧stur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Flavio H V Medeiros
- Department of Plant Pathology, Federal University of Lavras, (UFLA), Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Rohini Karunakaran
- Unit of Biochemistry, Centre of Excellence for Biomaterials Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong 08100, Malaysia
- Department of Computational Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, Saveetha School of Engineering (SSE), SIMATS, Thandalam, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
- Centre of Excellence for Biomaterials Science, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong 08100, Malaysia
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Schenstnyi K, Strauß A, Dressel A, Morbitzer R, Wunderlich M, Andrade AG, Phan TTT, Aguilera PDLA, Brancato C, Berendzen KW, Lahaye T. The tomato resistance gene Bs4 suppresses leaf watersoaking phenotypes induced by AvrHah1, a transcription activator-like effector from tomato-pathogenic xanthomonads. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:1856-1870. [PMID: 36056465 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Xanthomonas transcription activator-like effector (TALE) protein AvrBs3 transcriptionally activates the executor-type resistance (R) gene Bs3 from pepper (Capsicum annuum), thereby triggering a hypersensitive cell death reaction (HR). AvrBs3 also triggers an HR in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) upon recognition by the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) R protein Bs4. Whether the executor-type R protein Bs3 and the NLR-type R protein Bs4 use common or distinct signalling components to trigger an HR remains unclear. CRISPR/Cas9-mutagenesis revealed, that the immune signalling node EDS1 is required for Bs4- but not for Bs3-dependent HR, suggesting that NLR- and executor-type R proteins trigger an HR via distinct signalling pathways. CRISPR/Cas9-mutagenesis also revealed that tomato Bs4 suppresses the virulence function of both TALEs, the HR-inducing AvrBs3 protein and of AvrHah1, a TALE that does not trigger an HR in tomato. Analysis of AvrBs3- and AvrHah1-induced host transcripts and disease phenotypes in CRISPR/Cas9-induced bs4 mutant plants indicates that both TALEs target orthologous transcription factor genes to promote disease in tomato and pepper host plants. Our studies display that tomato mutants lacking the TALE-sensing Bs4 protein provide a novel platform to either uncover TALE-induced disease phenotypes or genetically dissect components of executor-triggered HR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyrylo Schenstnyi
- University of Tübingen, ZMBP - General Genetics, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Annett Strauß
- University of Tübingen, ZMBP - General Genetics, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Angela Dressel
- University of Tübingen, ZMBP - General Genetics, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Robert Morbitzer
- University of Tübingen, ZMBP - General Genetics, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Markus Wunderlich
- University of Tübingen, ZMBP - General Genetics, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ana Gabriela Andrade
- University of Tübingen, ZMBP - General Genetics, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Trang-Thi-Thu Phan
- University of Tübingen, ZMBP - General Genetics, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Caterina Brancato
- University of Tübingen, ZMBP - Central Facilities, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kenneth Wayne Berendzen
- University of Tübingen, ZMBP - Central Facilities, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Lahaye
- University of Tübingen, ZMBP - General Genetics, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
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Li L, Zhang H, Yang Z, Wang C, Li S, Cao C, Yao T, Wei Z, Li Y, Chen J, Sun Z. Independently evolved viral effectors convergently suppress DELLA protein SLR1-mediated broad-spectrum antiviral immunity in rice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6920. [PMID: 36376330 PMCID: PMC9663503 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34649-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant viruses adopt diverse virulence strategies to inhibit host antiviral defense. However, general antiviral defense directly targeted by different types of plant viruses have rarely been studied. Here, we show that the single rice DELLA protein, SLENDER RICE 1 (SLR1), a master negative regulator in Gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway, is targeted by several different viral effectors for facilitating viral infection. Viral proteins encoded by different types of rice viruses all directly trigger the rapid degradation of SLR1 by promoting association with the GA receptor OsGID1. SLR1-mediated broad-spectrum resistance was subverted by these independently evolved viral proteins, which all interrupted the functional crosstalk between SLR1 and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling. This decline of JA antiviral further created the advantage of viral infection. Our study reveals a common viral counter-defense strategy in which different types of viruses convergently target SLR1-mediated broad-spectrum resistance to benefit viral infection in the monocotyledonous crop rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Li
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China ,grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 China
| | - Hehong Zhang
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 China
| | - Zihang Yang
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 China
| | - Chen Wang
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China ,grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 China
| | - Shanshan Li
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China ,grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 China
| | - Chen Cao
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 China
| | - Tongsong Yao
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China ,grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 China
| | - Zhongyan Wei
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 China
| | - Yanjun Li
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 China
| | - Jianping Chen
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China ,grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 China
| | - Zongtao Sun
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 China
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Man M, Zhu Y, Liu L, Luo L, Han X, Qiu L, Li F, Ren M, Xing Y. Defense Mechanisms of Cotton Fusarium and Verticillium Wilt and Comparison of Pathogenic Response in Cotton and Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12217. [PMID: 36293072 PMCID: PMC9602609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotton is an important economic crop. Fusarium and Verticillium are the primary pathogenic fungi that threaten both the quality and sustainable production of cotton. As an opportunistic pathogen, Fusarium causes various human diseases, including fungal keratitis, which is the most common. Therefore, there is an urgent need to study and clarify the resistance mechanisms of cotton and humans toward Fusarium in order to mitigate, or eliminate, its harm. Herein, we first discuss the resistance and susceptibility mechanisms of cotton to Fusarium and Verticillium wilt and classify associated genes based on their functions. We then outline the characteristics and pathogenicity of Fusarium and describe the multiple roles of human neutrophils in limiting hyphal growth. Finally, we comprehensively compare the similarities and differences between animal and plant resistance to Fusarium and put forward new insights into novel strategies for cotton disease resistance breeding and treatment of Fusarium infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwu Man
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yaqian Zhu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Lulu Liu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Lei Luo
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Xinpei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Lu Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Fuguang Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Maozhi Ren
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572000, China
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yadi Xing
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
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Ukawa T, Banno F, Ishikawa T, Kasahara K, Nishina Y, Inoue R, Tsujii K, Yamaguchi M, Takahashi T, Fukao Y, Kawai-Yamada M, Nagano M. Sphingolipids with 2-hydroxy fatty acids aid in plasma membrane nanodomain organization and oxidative burst. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:839-857. [PMID: 35312013 PMCID: PMC9157162 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant sphingolipids mostly possess 2-hydroxy fatty acids (HFA), the synthesis of which is catalyzed by FA 2-hydroxylases (FAHs). In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), two FAHs (FAH1 and FAH2) have been identified. However, the functions of FAHs and sphingolipids with HFAs (2-hydroxy sphingolipids) are still unknown because of the lack of Arabidopsis lines with the complete deletion of FAH1. In this study, we generated a FAH1 mutant (fah1c) using CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing. Sphingolipid analysis of fah1c, fah2, and fah1cfah2 mutants revealed that FAH1 hydroxylates very long-chain FAs (VLCFAs), whereas the substrates of FAH2 are VLCFAs and palmitic acid. However, 2-hydroxy sphingolipids are not completely lost in the fah1cfah2 double mutant, suggesting the existence of other enzymes catalyzing the hydroxylation of sphingolipid FAs. Plasma membrane (PM) analysis and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that hydroxyl groups of sphingolipid acyl chains play a crucial role in the organization of nanodomains, which are nanoscale liquid-ordered domains mainly formed by sphingolipids and sterols in the PM, through hydrogen bonds. In the PM of the fah1cfah2 mutant, the expression levels of 26.7% of the proteins, including defense-related proteins such as the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) brassinosteroid insensitive 1-associated receptor kinase 1 and chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1, NADPH oxidase respiratory burst oxidase homolog D (RBOHD), and heterotrimeric G proteins, were lower than that in the wild-type. In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst was suppressed in the fah1cfah2 mutant after treatment with the pathogen-associated molecular patterns flg22 and chitin. These results indicated that 2-hydroxy sphingolipids are necessary for the organization of PM nanodomains and ROS burst through RBOHD and PRRs during pattern-triggered immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Ukawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakuraku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Banno
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Toshiki Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakuraku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Kota Kasahara
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yuuta Nishina
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Rika Inoue
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Keigo Tsujii
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakuraku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Takuya Takahashi
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Fukao
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Maki Kawai-Yamada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakuraku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Minoru Nagano
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
- Author for correspondence:
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Rudnicka M, Noszczyńska M, Malicka M, Kasperkiewicz K, Pawlik M, Piotrowska-Seget Z. Outer Membrane Vesicles as Mediators of Plant-Bacterial Interactions. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:902181. [PMID: 35722319 PMCID: PMC9198584 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.902181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have co-evolved with diverse microorganisms that have developed different mechanisms of direct and indirect interactions with their host. Recently, greater attention has been paid to a direct "message" delivery pathway from bacteria to plants, mediated by the outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). OMVs produced by Gram-negative bacteria play significant roles in multiple interactions with other bacteria within the same community, the environment, and colonized hosts. The combined forces of innovative technologies and experience in the area of plant-bacterial interactions have put pressure on a detailed examination of the OMVs composition, the routes of their delivery to plant cells, and their significance in pathogenesis, protection, and plant growth promotion. This review synthesizes the available knowledge on OMVs in the context of possible mechanisms of interactions between OMVs, bacteria, and plant cells. OMVs are considered to be potential stimulators of the plant immune system, holding potential for application in plant bioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monika Malicka
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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A Putative Effector LtCSEP1 from Lasiodiplodia theobromae Inhibits BAX-Triggered Cell Death and Suppresses Immunity Responses in Nicotiana benthamiana. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11111462. [PMID: 35684232 PMCID: PMC9182993 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lasiodiplodia theobromae is a causal agent of grapevine trunk disease, and it poses a significant threat to the grape industry worldwide. Fungal effectors play an essential role in the interaction between plants and pathogens. However, few studies have been conducted to understand the functions of individual effectors in L. theobromae. In this study, we identified and characterized a candidate secreted effector protein, LtCSEP1, in L. theobromae. Gene expression analysis suggested that transcription of LtCSEP1 in L. theobromae was induced at the early infection stages in the grapevine. Yeast secretion assay revealed that LtCSEP1 contains a functional signal peptide. Transient expression of LtCSEP1 in Nicotiana benthamiana suppresses BAX-trigged cell death and significantly inhibits the flg22-induced PTI-associated gene expression. Furthermore, the ectopic expression of LtCSEP1 in N. benthamiana enhanced disease susceptibility to L. theobromae by downregulating the defense-related genes. These results demonstrated that LtCSEP1 is a potential effector of L. theobromae, which contributes to suppressing the plant’s defenses.
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48
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Hu Y, Ding Y, Cai B, Qin X, Wu J, Yuan M, Wan S, Zhao Y, Xin XF. Bacterial effectors manipulate plant abscisic acid signaling for creation of an aqueous apoplast. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:518-529.e6. [PMID: 35247331 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Phytopathogens like Pseudomonas syringae induce "water soaking" in the apoplastic space of plant leaf tissue as a key virulence mechanism. Water soaking is commonly observed in diverse pathosystems, yet the underlying physiological basis remains largely elusive. Here, we show that one of the strong P. syringae water-soaking inducers, AvrE, alters the regulation of abscisic acid (ABA) to induce ABA signaling, stomatal closure, and, thus, water soaking. AvrE binds and inhibits the function of Arabidopsis type one protein phosphatases (TOPPs), which negatively regulate ABA by suppressing SnRK2s, a key node of the ABA signaling pathway. The topp12537 quintuple mutants display significantly enhanced water soaking after P. syringae inoculation, whereas the loss of the ABA pathway dampens P. syringae-induced water soaking and disease. Our study uncovers the hijacking of ABA signaling and stomatal closure by P. syringae effectors as key mechanisms of disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yezhou Hu
- National key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanxia Ding
- National key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Boying Cai
- National key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaohui Qin
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jingni Wu
- National key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Minhang Yuan
- National key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shiwei Wan
- National key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiu-Fang Xin
- National key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and John Innes Centre, Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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49
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Ubiquitination of Receptorsomes, Frontline of Plant Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062937. [PMID: 35328358 PMCID: PMC8948693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sessile plants are constantly exposed to myriads of unfavorable invading organisms with different lifestyles. To survive, plants have evolved plasma membrane-resident pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) to initiate sophisticated downstream immune responses. Ubiquitination serves as one of the most important and prevalent posttranslational modifications (PTMs) to fine-tune plant immune responses. Over the last decade, remarkable progress has been made in delineating the critical roles of ubiquitination in plant immunity. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the understanding of ubiquitination in the modulation of plant immunity, with a particular focus on ubiquitination in the regulation of receptorsomes, and discuss how ubiquitination and other PTMs act in concert to ensure rapid, proper, and robust immune responses.
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50
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Chapman AVE, Elmore JM, McReynolds M, Walley JW, Wise RP. SGT1-Specific Domain Mutations Impair Interactions with the Barley MLA6 Immune Receptor in Association with Loss of NLR Protein. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2022; 35:274-289. [PMID: 34889653 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-08-21-0217-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Mla (Mildew resistance locus a) of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is an effective model for cereal immunity against fungal pathogens. Like many resistance proteins, variants of the MLA coiled-coil nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (CC-NLR) receptor often require the HRS complex (HSP90, RAR1, and SGT1) to function. However, functional analysis of Sgt1 has been particularly difficult, as deletions are often lethal. Recently, we identified rar3 (required for Mla6 resistance 3), an in-frame Sgt1ΔKL308-309 mutation in the SGT1-specific domain, that alters resistance conferred by MLA but without lethality. Here, we use autoactive MLA6 and recombinant yeast-two-hybrid strains with stably integrated HvRar1 and HvHsp90 to determine that this mutation weakens but does not entirely disrupt the interaction between SGT1 and MLA. This causes a concomitant reduction in MLA6 protein accumulation below the apparent threshold required for effective resistance. The ΔKL308-309 deletion had a lesser effect on intramolecular interactions than alanine or arginine substitutions, and MLA variants that display diminished interactions with SGT1 appear to be disproportionately affected by the SGT1ΔKL308-309 mutation. We hypothesize that those dimeric plant CC-NLRs that appear unaffected by Sgt1 silencing are those with the strongest intermolecular interactions with it. Combining our data with recent work in CC-NLRs, we propose a cyclical model of the MLA-HRS resistosome interactions.[Formula: see text] The author(s) have dedicated the work to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 "No Rights Reserved" license by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony V E Chapman
- Interdepartmental Genetics & Genomics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - J Mitch Elmore
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - Maxwell McReynolds
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
- Interdepartmental Plant Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - Justin W Walley
- Interdepartmental Genetics & Genomics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
- Interdepartmental Plant Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - Roger P Wise
- Interdepartmental Genetics & Genomics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
- Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
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