1
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Kumar B, Devi J, Dubey A, Tufail A, Antil N. Biological and computational investigation of transition metal(II) complexes of 2-phenoxyaniline-based ligands. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:1919-1942. [PMID: 37929611 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: In the 21st century, we are witness of continuous onslaughts of various pathogen deformities which are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, to investigate the grave for these deformities, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial biological activities were carried out against newly synthesized Schiff base ligands and their transition metal complexes, which are based on newly synthesized 2-phenoxyaniline and salicylaldehyde derivatives. Materials & methods: The synthesized compounds were characterized by various physiochemical studies, demonstrating the octahedral stereochemistry of the complexes. Results: The biological assessments revealed that complex 6 (3.01 ± 0.01 μM) was found to be highly active for oxidant ailments whereas complex 14 (7.14 ± 0.05 μM, 0.0041-0.0082 μmol/ml) was observed as highly potent for inflammation and microbial diseases. Conclusion: Overall, the biological and computational studies demonstrate that the nickel(II) complex 14 can act as an excellent candidate for pathogen deformities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Jai Devi
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Amit Dubey
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India
- Department of Computational Chemistry & Drug Discovery Division, Quanta Calculus, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Aisha Tufail
- Department of Computational Chemistry & Drug Discovery Division, Quanta Calculus, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Nidhi Antil
- Department of Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
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AOULED IM, UYSAL S. Investigation of Thermal and Magnetic Properties of [MSalen/Saloph] (M= Cr3+, Fe3+ or Co3+) Capped Dinuclear Complexes of Two Novel Tetraoxocalix[2]arene[2]triazine Ligands. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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3
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Synthesis and characterization of novel binuclear zinc complex, immobilization in nano-porous support, and its catalytic application. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2023.112964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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4
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Putro PA, Maddu A, Hardhienata H, Isnaeni I, Ahmad F, Dipojono HK. Revealing the incorporation of an NH 2 group into the edge of carbon dots for H 2O 2 sensing via the C-N⋯H hydrogen bond interaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:2606-2617. [PMID: 36602293 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04097b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We investigated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensing on NH2-functionalized carbon dots (Cdots) for three different -NH2 positions, and the N atom was found to be the active site using a quantum computational approach. B3LYP and 6-31G(d,p) were used for density functional theory (DFT) ground state calculations, whereas CAM-B3LYP and the same basis set were used in time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) excited state calculations. Structural optimization showed that the H2O2 is chemisorbed on 1-sim via a C-N⋯H hydrogen bond interaction with an adsorption energy of -10.61 kcal mol-1. Mulliken atomic charge distributions and electrostatic potential (ESP) analysis were both used to determine reactivity of the molecules at the atomic level. For in-depth analysis of the ground states, we utilized Frontier molecular orbital (FMO) theory, quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), and non-covalent interaction (NCI) index analysis. In addition, we also present UV-vis absorption spectra and charge transfer lengths to understand the mechanism of H2O2 sensing in excited states. Based on the molecular and electronic properties of the NH2-Cdots, it was shown that 1-sim is a potential candidate for use as an electrochemical sensor for H2O2 sensing. Whereas 3-sim is believed to be a potential candidate for use as an optical sensor of H2O2 based on the UV-vis characteristics via photoinduced charge transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Permono Adi Putro
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia. .,Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universitas Mandiri, Subang, 41211, Indonesia
| | - Akhiruddin Maddu
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia.
| | - Hendradi Hardhienata
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia.
| | - Isnaeni Isnaeni
- Research Center for Photonics, National Research and Innovation Agency, Banten, 15314, Indonesia
| | - Faozan Ahmad
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia.
| | - Hermawan Kresno Dipojono
- Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia.,Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
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5
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C3-symmetric tripalladium(II) complex for catalysis via geometrical coincident interaction with C3-symmetric substrate. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-022-00519-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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6
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Zhou Y, Lin HH, Cai QQ, Wang DH. A Cu(II) coordination polymer: Crystal structure and therapeutic effect on sepsis. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Solvothermal synthesis, crystal structure, thermal, magnetic properties and DFT computations of a Ytterbium(III) complex derived from pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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8
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Kanzariya DB, Khan TS, Das S, Lama P, Bandyopadhyay R, Pal TK. Highly regenerative, fast colorimetric response for organo-toxin and oxo-anions in an aqueous medium using a discrete luminescent Cd(II) complex in a heterogeneous manner with theoretical revelation. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:7436-7454. [PMID: 35411894 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00707j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The highly luminescent complex [CdQ2(H2O)2] (1) shows ultra-selectivity and high sensitivity to the explosive organo-toxin trinitrophenol (TNP). This detection is extremely fast with a high quenching constant (5.3 × 104 M-1) and a very low limit of detection (LOD) of 137 nM/59 ppb. This motivated us to detect the lethal carcinogenic arsenical drug roxarsone (ROX), which is reported here for the first time. The quenching constant and LOD for ROX using 1 were found to be 4.9 × 104 M-1 and 86 nM (or 37 ppb), respectively. Moreover, the probe also recognizes three lethal toxic oxo-anions (MnO4-, Cr2O72- and CrO42-) with outstanding quenching constant (2.2 × 104 M-1, 1.4 × 104 M-1 and 1.1 × 104 M-1) and very low LODs (141 nM/61 ppb, 178 nM/78 ppb and 219 nM/95 ppb). Compared to the previously reported homogeneous sensing nature of the discrete complexes, our complex showed the detection of toxic pollutants in a heterogeneous manner, which results in high recyclability and hence multi-cycle sensing capability. Interestingly, 1 shows the possibility for real-time monitoring through naked eye detection by visible colorimetric changes in solid, solution and strip paper methods, i.e., triphasic detection ability. In addition, the sensor also exhibited the cross-sensing ability for these pollutants. The experimental sensing mechanism is strongly supported by the exhaustive theoretical investigation. Based on the fluorescence signal shown by each analyte, an integrated AND-OR logic gate is constructed. Furthermore, the sensing ability of 1 remains intact towards the detection of versatile real field samples including lethal carcinogenic arsenical drug roxarsone in the real food sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dashrathbhai B Kanzariya
- Department of Chemistry, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar 382426, Gujarat, India.
| | - Tuhin S Khan
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Haridwar Road, Mohkampur, Dehradun 248005, India.
| | - Sourav Das
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Infrastructure Technology Research and Management, Ahmedabad-380026, Gujarat, India
| | - Prem Lama
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Haridwar Road, Mohkampur, Dehradun 248005, India. .,School of Chemical Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, , Taleigao 403206, Goa, India
| | - Rajib Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar 382426, Gujarat, India.
| | - Tapan K Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar 382426, Gujarat, India.
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9
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Kherrouba A, Bensegueni R, Guergouri M, Boulkedid AL, Boutebdja M, Bencharif M. Synthesis, crystal structures, optical properties, DFT and TD-DFT studies of Ni (II) complexes with imine-based ligands. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Structurally diverse heterobimetallic Pb(II)-Salen complexes mechanistic notion of cytotoxic activity against neuroblastoma cancer cell: Synthesis, characterization, protein–ligand interaction profiler, and intuitions from DFT. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Ramadan RM, Abo-Aly MM, Lasheen AAM. Molecular structural, vibrational assignments, electronic structure and DFT calculations, and molecular docking of N-benzylideneaniline and N-salicylidene-o-aminoaphenol Schiff bases. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2021.1988976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramadan M. Ramadan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Abo-Aly
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa A. M. Lasheen
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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12
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Majumdar D, Pal TK, Sakib SA, Das S, Bankura K, Mishra D. Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, and SC-XRD study of one privileged heteronuclear Ni(II)/Hg(II)-Salen complex: An exclusive DFT outlook. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.108609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Arunkumar M, Gunaseelan S, Kubendran Aravind M, Mohankumar V, Anupam P, Harikrishnan M, Siva A, Ashokkumar B, Varalakshmi P. Marine algal antagonists targeting 3CL protease and spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2: a computational approach for anti-COVID-19 drug discovery. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:8961-8988. [PMID: 34014150 PMCID: PMC8146311 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1921032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has severely destructed human life worldwide, with no suitable treatment until now. SARS-CoV-2 virus is unprecedented, resistance against number of therapeutics and spreading rapidly with high mortality, which warrants the need to discover new effective drugs to combat this situation. This current study is undertaken to explore the antiviral potential of marine algal compounds to inhibit the viral entry and its multiplication using computational analysis. Among the proven drug discovery targets of SARS-CoV-2, spike glycoprotein and 3-chymotrypsin-like protease are responsible for the virus attachment and viral genome replication in the host cell. In this study, the above-mentioned drug targets were docked with marine algal compounds (sulfated polysaccharides, polysaccharide derivatives and polyphenols) using molecular docking tools (AutoDockTools). The obtained results indicate that κ-carrageenan, laminarin, eckol, trifucol and β-D-galactose are the top-ranking compounds showing better docking scores with SARS-CoV-2 targets, than the current experimental COVID-19 antiviral drugs like dexamethasone, remdesivir, favipiravir and MIV-150. Further, molecular dynamic simulation, ADMET and density functional theory calculations were evaluated to substantiate the findings. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on in silico analysis of aforesaid algal metabolites against SARS-CoV-2 targets. This study concludes that these metabolites can be curative for COVID-19 in the hour of need after further validations in in vitro and in vivo testings.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malaisamy Arunkumar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Transcription Regulation Group, New Delhi, India
| | - Sathaiah Gunaseelan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manikka Kubendran Aravind
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Verma Mohankumar
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Patra Anupam
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Transcription Regulation Group, New Delhi, India
| | - Muniyasamy Harikrishnan
- Supramolecular and Organometallic Chemistry Lab, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ayyanar Siva
- Supramolecular and Organometallic Chemistry Lab, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balasubramaniem Ashokkumar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Perumal Varalakshmi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
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14
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Rashidi N, Fard MJS, Hayati P, Janczak J, Yazdian F, Rouhani S, Msagati TA. Antibacterial and cytotoxicity assay of two new Zn(ii)complexes: Synthesis, characterization, X-Ray structure, topology, Hirshfeld surface and thermal analysis. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.129947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Balashova TV, Arsenyev MV, Polyakova SK, Ilichev VA, Kukinov AA, Rumyantcev RV, Fukin GK, Trufanov AN, Bochkarev MN. Zn(II) complexes of substituted oxyacridinate ligands. Synthesis, structure and properties. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Farahani N, khalaj M. Synthesis, crystal structures and theoretical studies of Zinc(II) coordination compounds with 4-trifluoromethylphenyl)imino-methyl]pyridine bidentate Schiff base ligand. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Majumdar D, Das D, Nag S, Bhattacharyya M, Singh DK, Parai D, Bankura K, Mishra D. A rare hetero-bimetallic Zn(II)/Ca(II) Schiff base complex: Synthesis, crystal structure, DFT, molecular docking and unveiling antimicrobial activity. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Al‐Janabi AS, Kadhim MM, Al‐Nassiry AI, Yousef TA. Antimicrobial, computational, and molecular docking studies of Zn (II) and Pd (II) complexes derived from piperidine dithiocarbamate. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S.M. Al‐Janabi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine Tikrit University Tikrit Iraq
| | - Mustafa M. Kadhim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science Wasit University Kut Iraq
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science Baghdad University Baghdad Iraq
| | - Amenah I.A. Al‐Nassiry
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Science Tikrit University Tikrit Iraq
| | - Tarek A. Yousef
- Chemistry Department, Science College Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Toxic and Narcotic Drug, Forensic Medicine Department Mansoura Laboratory, Medicolegal Organization, Ministry of Justice Egypt
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19
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Al-Janabi ASM, Elzupir AO, Yousef TA. Synthesis, anti-bacterial evaluation, DFT study and molecular docking as a potential 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) of SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors of a novel Schiff bases. J Mol Struct 2020; 1228:129454. [PMID: 33100378 PMCID: PMC7568132 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
New Schiff bases {N'-(phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methylene) isonicotinohydrazide (L1H), N1 -(naphthalen-1-yl)-N2 -(phenyl(pyridin-2-yl) methylidene) ethane-1,2-diamine (L2H), N-(6-chlorobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-1-phenyl-1-(pyridin-2-yl) methanimine (L3H)}were synthesized by reaction of 2-benzoylpyridine with different amines (2-amino-6-chlorobenzothiazole, isonicotinohydrazide and N 1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethane-1,2-diamine) and characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The compounds were assayed by the disc diffusion method for anti-bacterial against five pathogenic bacteria species (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus pyogenes, Bacillus subtilis, and E. coli). All prepared Schiff bases showed good activity compared to positive control (streptomycin), Moreover the L3H showed the highest activity against S. aureus, and M. luteus than the other compounds and streptomycin. In additional molecular docking studies with 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), the essential enzyme for SARS-CoV-2 proliferation. The rest of compounds have shown promising results as 3CLpro inhibitors interacting with the active sites of the enzymes. Finally, DFT 's estimated electrostatic molecular potential results were used to illustrate the molecular docking findings. The DFT calculations showed that L3H has the highest dipole moment and electrophilicity index. Interestingly, L2H of the largest energy gap ∆E = 2.49 eV, there are several hydrophilic interactions that could facilitate the binding with the receptors. All of these parameters could be shared to significantly affect the protein sites of binding affinity with different extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S M Al-Janabi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq
| | - Amin O Elzupir
- Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), College of Science, Deanship of Scientific Research, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Tarek A Yousef
- Department of Chemistry, Science College, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, (IMSIU), Riyadh, KSA, P.O. Box 90950, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia.,Toxic and Narcotic drug, Forensic Medicine Department, Mansoura Laboratory, Medicolegal organization, Ministry of Justice, Egypt
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Investigation of Some Antiviral N-Heterocycles as COVID 19 Drug: Molecular Docking and DFT Calculations. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113922. [PMID: 32486229 PMCID: PMC7312990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus, COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a global health pandemic that started in December 2019. The effective drug target among coronaviruses is the main protease Mpro, because of its essential role in processing the polyproteins that are translated from the viral RNA. In this study, the bioactivity of some selected heterocyclic drugs named Favipiravir (1), Amodiaquine (2), 2'-Fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine (3), and Ribavirin (4) was evaluated as inhibitors and nucleotide analogues for COVID-19 using computational modeling strategies. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to estimate the thermal parameters, dipole moment, polarizability, and molecular electrostatic potential of the present drugs; additionally, Mulliken atomic charges of the drugs as well as the chemical reactivity descriptors were investigated. The nominated drugs were docked on SARS-CoV-2 main protease (PDB: 6LU7) to evaluate the binding affinity of these drugs. Besides, the computations data of DFT the docking simulation studies was predicted that the Amodiaquine (2) has the least binding energy (-7.77 Kcal/mol) and might serve as a good inhibitor to SARS-CoV-2 comparable with the approved medicines, hydroxychloroquine, and remdesivir which have binding affinity -6.06 and -4.96 Kcal/mol, respectively. The high binding affinity of 2 was attributed to the presence of three hydrogen bonds along with different hydrophobic interactions between the drug and the critical amino acids residues of the receptor. Finally, the estimated molecular electrostatic potential results by DFT were used to illustrate the molecular docking findings. The DFT calculations showed that drug 2 has the highest of lying HOMO, electrophilicity index, basicity, and dipole moment. All these parameters could share with different extent to significantly affect the binding affinity of these drugs with the active protein sites.
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