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Mahajan A, Tran A, Tseng ES, Como JJ, El-Hayek KM, Ladha P, Ho VP. Performance of trauma-trained large language models on surgical assessment questions: A new approach in resource identification. Surgery 2024:S0039-6060(24)00640-8. [PMID: 39317517 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2024.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large language models have successfully navigated simulated medical board examination questions. However, whether and how language models can be used in surgical education is less understood. Our study evaluates the efficacy of domain-specific large language models in curating study materials for surgical board style questions. METHODS We developed EAST-GPT and ACS-GPT, custom large language models with domain-specific knowledge from published guidelines from the Eastern Association of the Surgery of Trauma and the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Programs. EAST-GPT, ACS-GPT, and an untrained GPT-4 performance were assessed trauma-related questions from Surgical Education and Self-Assessment Program (18th edition). Large language models were asked to choose answers and provide answer rationales. Rationales were assessed against an educational framework with 5 domains: accuracy, relevance, comprehensiveness, evidence-base, and clarity. RESULTS Ninety guidelines trained EAST-GPT and 10 trained ACS-GPT. All large language models were tested on 62 trauma questions. EAST-GPT correctly answered 76%, whereas ACS-GPT answered 68% correctly. Both models outperformed ChatGPT-4 (P < .05), which answered 45% correctly. For reasoning, EAST-GPT achieved the gratest mean scores across all 5 educational framework metrics. ACS-GPT scored lower than ChatGPT-4 in comprehensiveness and evidence-base; however, these differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Our study presents a novel methodology in identifying test-preparation resources by training a large language model to answer board-style multiple choice questions. Both trained models outperformed ChatGPT-4, demonstrating its answers were accurate, relevant, and evidence-based. Potential implications of such AI integration into surgical education must be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnav Mahajan
- Department of Surgery, The MetroHealth System, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH. https://twitter.com/arnavmahajan_
| | - Andrew Tran
- Department of Surgery, The MetroHealth System, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Esther S Tseng
- Department of Surgery, The MetroHealth System, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - John J Como
- Department of Surgery, The MetroHealth System, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Kevin M El-Hayek
- Department of Surgery, The MetroHealth System, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Prerna Ladha
- Department of Surgery, The MetroHealth System, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Vanessa P Ho
- Department of Surgery, The MetroHealth System, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH.
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Bader A, Altieri MS. Social media (some) models in resident education. Surgery 2023; 174:741-743. [PMID: 37438183 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2023.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Social media has changed the way in which we communicate, as it has grown tremendously in the past decade. Social media platforms have even penetrated the area of surgery and surgical education. The COVID-19 pandemic has even further pushed for more innovative communication and surgical education methods, such as case and video discussions, asking for advice, and having journal clubs. In this article, we review several social media platforms, such as Twitter, Facebook, and others, and the ways that they have been integrated into surgical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Bader
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. https://twitter.com/altierim1
| | - Maria S Altieri
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
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3
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Keller DS. The evolving surgery social network. Surgery 2023:S0039-6060(23)00247-7. [PMID: 37236893 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2023.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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4
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Millar BC, Lim M. The Role of Visual Abstracts in the Dissemination of Medical Research. THE ULSTER MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022; 91:67-78. [PMID: 35722208 PMCID: PMC9200102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Medical research within the UK has continued to grow, most notably during the COVID-19 pandemic over the last two years, which highlights the importance of disseminating relevant research findings. For all researchers involved in clinical trials and scientific research, the end goal of success is not completed following the publication of the research findings, but ultimately true impact and significance is achieved when such research has a role in developing clinical practice. Each year between 2.5 - 3 million scientific papers are published and the number continues to rise, therefore it is becoming increasingly difficult to ensure that published research has such a targeted impact as it must first get noticed. Increasing time commitments result in difficulties for clinicians keeping up-to-date with the current literature and in order to address this, journals and researchers have developed approaches to share peer-reviewed research with the wider research community in an effective and efficient manner. One such approach has been the introduction of the visual abstract which comprises of an infographic style format, coupled with a shortened, limited word summary of the research abstract detailing the key question, methodology, findings and take home message of the research study. The visual abstract has characteristics which enable it to be shared on social media platforms and in turn increase the interest and impact within the research community. Visual abstracts are being increasingly introduced within medical journals and organisations to help disseminate valuable research findings. This review focuses on visual abstracts, what they are, their history, structure and role within research dissemination and medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverley C. Millar
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK,School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA,Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7AD, UK
| | - Michelle Lim
- James Cook University Hospital, Marton Road, Middlesbrough, TS4 3BW, UK
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Yang S, Jin C, Wang J, Xu X. The Use of Social Media to Deliver Surgical Education in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic. J INVEST SURG 2022; 35:1350-1356. [PMID: 35130457 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2022.2035859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As clinical rotations were disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, with surgical specialty being the one most severely affected among all disciplines, social media had become increasingly used for surgical education. We aimed to identify and present the application of social media as an essential tool for surgical education during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature review was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for potentially eligible articles published until April 2021. The review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. RESULTS A total of 23 articles were identified and systematically reviewed that related to the application of social media use in surgical education during the COVID-19 pandemic. These may be grouped into 3 discrete categories (online learning, scientific research, networking) and 14 topics (online resources, virtual conferencing, preparing for exams, etc.). CONCLUSIONS Social media has played a multidimensional critical role in training surgical students and residents in the COVID-19 era, with special superiority that cannot be substituted by other online tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Huantai County People's Hospital, Qilu Hospital Huantai Branch, Shandong, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiequn Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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6
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Abstract
Compared with other fields, adoption of robotics in colorectal surgery remains relatively slow. One of the reasons for this is that the expected benefits of robotics, such as greater accuracy, speed, and better patient outcomes, are not born out in evidence comparing use of robotics for colorectal procedures to conventional laparoscopy. But evidence also suggests that outcomes with colorectal robotic procedures depend on the experience of the surgeon, suggesting that a steep learning curve is acting as a barrier to the benefits of robotics being realized. In this paper, we analyze exactly why surgeon skill and proficiency is such a critical factor in colorectal surgery, especially around the most complex procedures associated with cancer. Shortening of the learning curve is crucial for both the adoption of the technique and the efficient use of expert trainers. Looking beyond the basics of training and embracing a new generation of digital learning technologies that facilitate peer-to-peer collaboration and development beyond the confines of individual institutions may be an important contributor to achieve these goals in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Hachach-Haram
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Innovation, Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Danilo Miskovic
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Innovation, Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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7
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Corson TW, Hawkins SM, Sanders E, Byram J, Cruz LA, Olson J, Speidell E, Schnabel R, Balaji A, Ogbeide O, Dinh J, Hinshaw A, Cummings L, Bonds V, Nakshatri H. Building a virtual summer research experience in cancer for high school and early undergraduate students: lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 21:422. [PMID: 34372837 PMCID: PMC8350276 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-02861-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic posed a unique challenge for summer research programs in 2020, particularly for programs aimed at hands-on experience for younger trainees. The Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center supports two pipeline programs, which traditionally immerse high school juniors, seniors, and early undergraduate students from underrepresented populations in science in hands-on projects in cancer biology labs. However, due to social distancing policies during the pandemic and reduction of research operations, these students were not physically allowed on campus. Thus, the authors set out to strategically pivot to a wholly virtual curriculum and evaluate the Virtual Summer Research Experience in Cancer outcomes. METHODS The virtual program included four components: 1. a core science and professional development curriculum led by high school teachers and senior undergraduates; 2. faculty-delivered didactic sessions on cancer science; 3. mentored, virtual research projects with research faculty; and 4. online networking events to encourage vertical mentoring. Outcomes data were measured using a locally created 11-item Research Preparation Scale, daily electronic feedback, and weekly structured evaluation and feedback via Zoom. RESULTS Outcome data suggested high self-reported satisfaction with the virtual program. Outcome data also revealed the importance of coordination between multiple entities for seamless program implementation. This includes the active recruitment and participation of high school teachers and further investment in information technology capabilities of institutions. CONCLUSIONS Findings reveal a path to educate and train high school and early undergraduate students in cancer research when hands-on, in-person training is not feasible. Virtual research experiences are not only useful to engage students during public health crises but can provide an avenue for cancer centers to expand their cancer education footprints to remotely located schools and universities with limited resources to provide such experiences to their students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W Corson
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Shannon M Hawkins
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Elmer Sanders
- Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- K-12 STEM Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jessica Byram
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | | | - Jacob Olson
- Decatur Central High School, Indianapolis, IN, 46221, USA
| | - Emily Speidell
- Decatur Central High School, Indianapolis, IN, 46221, USA
| | | | | | | | - Julie Dinh
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Amy Hinshaw
- Lawrence Township Schools, Indianapolis, IN, 46226, USA
| | | | - Vicki Bonds
- Pipeline and Pre-Doctoral Programs, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Harikrishna Nakshatri
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, C218C, 980 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- VA Roudebush Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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8
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Brook OR, Vernuccio F, Nicola R, Cannella R, Altinmakas E. Visual abstract for Abdominal Radiology: what it is, why we need it and how to make it. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2021; 46:2403-2406. [PMID: 33484282 PMCID: PMC7823171 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-020-02941-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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9
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Rajan D, Pillai VG, Varghese P. Educational Utility of Social Media for Laparoscopic Surgery in India: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Popular Indian Communities on Facebook. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2021; 12:491-498. [PMID: 34012313 PMCID: PMC8126702 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s306680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Covid pandemic and social distancing has adversely impacted the conventional apprenticeship method of postgraduate training in laparoscopic surgery. Social media may be a useful adjunct for laparoscopic training, but its utility in developing countries like India has not been studied carefully. This paper describes an observational, cross-sectional study on the educational utility of Facebook groups based in India and which focus on laparoscopic gynecologic surgery. METHODS The most popular Facebook groups involving Indians and focusing on laparoscopic gynecology were identified using appropriate search terms as well as inclusion and exclusion criteria. Demographic data related to the groups, the authors of posts as well as descriptive statistics of all the posts during the study period were collected and appropriate statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS All the groups in this study were large and growing steadily. Posts related to laparoscopy were more likely to be videos, dealing with operative techniques and having educational value for postgraduate residents (p value < 0.001) compared to posts unrelated to laparoscopic surgery. The majority of posts (88.2%) presented original content created by group members rather than material shared from other sources. Members preferred to share laparoscopic content using links to their personal YouTube channels rather than using institutional YouTube channels, dedicated websites for laparoscopic surgery or direct posts on Facebook. Group members liked educational content and laparoscopic surgery-related content significantly more than other content. Only 16.7% of the laparoscopic surgeons could be identified to be working in academic institutes. CONCLUSION Social media for medical education has inherent advantages and disadvantages. This article provides objective data regarding its utilisation in a developing country in the midst of the Covid pandemic, and provides a guide for further research and development of innovative teaching methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Rajan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Believers Church Medical College Hospital, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
| | - Vinod G Pillai
- Department of Surgery, Believers Church Medical College Hospital, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
| | - Patsy Varghese
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Believers Church Medical College Hospital, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
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10
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Schmitz SM, Schipper S, Lemos M, Alizai PH, Kokott E, Brozat JF, Neumann UP, Ulmer TF. Development of a tailor-made surgical online learning platform, ensuring surgical education in times of the COVID19 pandemic. BMC Surg 2021; 21:196. [PMID: 33865366 PMCID: PMC8052764 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-021-01203-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, the quality of surgical education experiences sudden major restrictions. Students’ presence in the operating theater and on wards is reduced to a bare minimum and face-to-face teaching is diminished. Aim of this study was therefore to evaluate alternative but feasible educational concepts, such as an online-only-platform for undergraduates. Objective A new online platform for undergraduate surgical education was implemented. A virtual curriculum for online-only education was designed. Methods
A video-based online platform was designed. Following this, a cohort of medical students participating in a (voluntary) surgical course was randomized into a test and control group. Prior to conducting a written exam, students in the test group prepared using the video platform. Students in the control group prepared with standard surgical text books. Results of the exam were used to compare educational means. Results Students in the test group preparing through the video-based online platform reached significantly higher scores in the written exams (p = 0.0001) than students of the control group. A trend towards reduced preparation time that did not reach statistical significance was detectable in the test group (p = 0.090). Scores of “perceived workload” and “desire to become a surgeon” offered no differences between the groups. (p = 0.474 and 1.000). Conclusions An online-only, virtual curriculum proved feasible for surgical education in undergraduates. While blended learning concepts were applied in both groups, only the test group had access to case-based videos of surgical procedures and scored significantly better in the written exams. Thus, video-based virtual education offers a realistic alternative to face-to-face teaching or conventional text books in times of restricted access to the operating theatre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia M Schmitz
- Department for General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Sandra Schipper
- Department for General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Lemos
- Audiovisual Media Center, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Patrick H Alizai
- Department for General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Elda Kokott
- Department for General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jonathan F Brozat
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulf P Neumann
- Department for General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Tom F Ulmer
- Department for General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, Netherlands
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Michaels R, Witsberger CA, Powell AR, Koka K, Cohen K, Nourmohammadi Z, Green GE, Zopf DA. 3D printing in surgical simulation: emphasized importance in the COVID-19 pandemic era. JOURNAL OF 3D PRINTING IN MEDICINE 2021. [PMCID: PMC8111930 DOI: 10.2217/3dp-2021-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ross Michaels
- Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Allison R Powell
- Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Krishna Koka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Katheryn Cohen
- Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Zahra Nourmohammadi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Glen E Green
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - David A Zopf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Ovunc SS, Yolcu MB, Emre S, Elicevik M, Celayir S. Using Immersive Technologies to Develop Medical Education Materials. Cureus 2021; 13:e12647. [PMID: 33585133 PMCID: PMC7872886 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Principles of modern surgical education for clerkship and residency were established by the novel approaches of Sir William Osler, MD, Flexner report, and Halsted's principles. The evaluation of surgical education has continued to benefit from the wisdom of the past by harnessing technologies. Rapidly changing and improving the nature of the surgery fostered that evaluation and enforced the institutions to find new solutions for surgical education. In the present descriptive technical report, our aim was threefold: (1) to share acquired educational materials based on immersive technologies involving 3D-printing, Augmented Reality (AR), and 360-degree video recording to improve ongoing pediatric surgery student training at our faculty, (2) to describe workflow underlying the construction of the materials, and (3) to provide approaches that may help other students and lecturers to develop their educational materials. The educational materials, including 3D-printed models, AR hybrid student book, a hydrogel-based simulation model of the kidney, and Mirror World Simulation, were constructed. The authors, who are medical students, led the construction of the educational materials, so the educational materials were shaped by a collaboration between students and pediatric surgeons. The materials constructed enabled the students to practice surgical procedures and experience different surgical environments. We believe these educational materials can serve as a valuable resource for training in many medical specialties in the future. This work was presented at the American College of Surgeons (ACS) Quality and Safety Conference Virtual, August 21-24, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem S Ovunc
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, TUR
| | - Musa B Yolcu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, TUR
| | - Senol Emre
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, TUR
| | - Mehmet Elicevik
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, TUR
| | - Sinan Celayir
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, TUR
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