1
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Younas R, Jubeen F, Bano N, Andreescu S, Zhang H, Hayat A. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as carrier for improved drug delivery and biosensing applications. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:2017-2049. [PMID: 38665008 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Porous organic frameworks (POFs) represent a significant subclass of nanoporous materials in the field of materials science, offering exceptional characteristics for advanced applications. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), as a novel and intriguing type of porous material, have garnered considerable attention due to their unique design capabilities, diverse nature, and wide-ranging applications. The unique structural features of COFs, such as high surface area, tuneable pore size, and chemical stability, render them highly attractive for various applications, including targeted and controlled drug release, as well as improving the sensitivity and selectivity of electrochemical biosensors. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehend the methods employed in creating COFs with specific properties that can be effectively utilized in biomedical applications. To address this indispensable fact, this review paper commences with a concise summary of the different methods and classifications utilized in synthesizing COFs. Second, it highlights the recent advancements in COFs for drug delivery, including drug carriers as well as the classification of drug delivery systems and biosensing, encompassing drugs, biomacromolecules, small biomolecules and the detection of biomarkers. While exploring the potential of COFs in the biomedical field, it is important to acknowledge the limitations that researchers may encounter, which could impact the practicality of their applications. Third, this paper concludes with a thought-provoking discussion that thoroughly addresses the challenges and opportunities associated with leveraging COFs for biomedical applications. This review paper aims to contribute to the scientific community's understanding of the immense potential of COFs in improving drug delivery systems and enhancing the performance of biosensors in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rida Younas
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Shandong, China
- Department of Chemistry, Govt College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Jubeen
- Department of Chemistry, Govt College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nargis Bano
- Department of Physics and Astronomy College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Silvana Andreescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York, USA
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Shandong, China
| | - Akhtar Hayat
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Shandong, China
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
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2
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Pilli P, Kommalapati HS, Golla VM, Khemchandani R, Ramachandran RK, Samanthula G. Covalent organic frameworks: spotlight on applications in the pharmaceutical arena. Bioanalysis 2024; 16:279-305. [PMID: 38445446 PMCID: PMC11235138 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have much potential in the field of analytical separation research due to their distinctive characteristics, including easy modification, low densities, large specific surface areas and permanent porosity. This article provides a historical overview of the synthesis and broad perspectives on the applications of COFs. The use of COF-based membranes in gas separation, water treatment (desalination, heavy metals and dye removal), membrane filtration, photoconduction, sensing and fuel cells is also covered. However, these COFs also demonstrate great promise as solid-phase extraction sorbents and solid-phase microextraction coatings. In addition to various separation applications, this work aims to highlight important advancements in the synthesis of COFs for chiral and isomeric compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpa Pilli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Hema Sree Kommalapati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Vijaya Madhyanapu Golla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Rahul Khemchandani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Roshitha Kunnath Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Gananadhamu Samanthula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana, 500037, India
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3
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He L, Wang L, He Z, Pang CH, Tang B, Wu A, Li J. Strategies for utilizing covalent organic frameworks as host materials for the integration and delivery of bioactives. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:1126-1151. [PMID: 38112198 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01492d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), a new and developing class of porous framework materials, are considered a type of promising carrier for the integration and delivery of bioactives, which have diverse fascinating merits, such as a large specific surface area, designable and specific porosity, stable and orderly framework structure, and various active sites. However, owing to the significant differences among bioactives (including drugs, proteins, nucleic acid, and exosomes), such as size, structure, and physicochemical properties, the interaction between COFs and bioactives also varies. In this review, we firstly summarize three strategies for the construction of single or hybrid COF-based matrices for the delivery of cargos, including encapsulation, covalent binding, and coordination bonding. Besides, their smart response release behaviors are also categorized. Subsequently, the applications of cargo@COF biocomposites in biomedicine are comprehensively summarized, including tumor therapy, central nervous system (CNS) modulation, biomarker analysis, bioimaging, and anti-bacterial therapy. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in this field are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu He
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
- Department of Chemical and Environment Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China.
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516000, China
| | - Le Wang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516000, China
| | - Zhen He
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
| | - Cheng Heng Pang
- Department of Chemical and Environment Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China.
| | - Bencan Tang
- Department of Chemical and Environment Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China.
| | - Aiguo Wu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516000, China
| | - Juan Li
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Probe Materials and Technology, Zhejiang International Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and Application, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, 516000, China
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4
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Zhou LL, Guan Q, Dong YB. Covalent Organic Frameworks: Opportunities for Rational Materials Design in Cancer Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314763. [PMID: 37983842 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicines are extensively used in cancer therapy. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are crystalline organic porous materials with several benefits for cancer therapy, including porosity, design flexibility, functionalizability, and biocompatibility. This review examines the use of COFs in cancer therapy from the perspective of reticular chemistry and function-oriented materials design. First, the modification sites and functionalization methods of COFs are discussed, followed by their potential as multifunctional nanoplatforms for tumor targeting, imaging, and therapy by integrating functional components. Finally, some challenges in the clinical translation of COFs are presented with the hope of promoting the development of COF-based anticancer nanomedicines and bringing COFs closer to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Le Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Qun Guan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Yu-Bin Dong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
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5
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Wang Y, Li H, Rasool A, Wang H, Manzoor R, Zhang G. Polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) for oral delivery of insulin. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:1. [PMID: 38167129 PMCID: PMC10763344 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Successful oral insulin administration can considerably enhance the quality of life (QOL) of diabetes patients who must frequently take insulin injections. Oral insulin administration, on the other hand, is seriously hampered by gastrointestinal enzymes, wide pH range, mucus and mucosal layers, which limit insulin oral bioavailability to ≤ 2%. Therefore, a large number of technological solutions have been proposed to increase the oral bioavailability of insulin, in which polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) are highly promising for oral insulin delivery. The recently published research articles chosen for this review are based on applications of PNPs with strong future potential in oral insulin delivery, and do not cover all related work. In this review, we will summarize the controlled release mechanisms of oral insulin delivery, latest oral insulin delivery applications of PNPs nanocarrier, challenges and prospect. This review will serve as a guide to the future investigators who wish to engineer and study PNPs as oral insulin delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green, Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Hao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green, Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Aamir Rasool
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta, 78300, Pakistan.
| | - Hebin Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, 741000, China.
| | - Robina Manzoor
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Water and Marine Sciences, Lasbella University of Agriculture, Uthal, 90150, Pakistan
| | - Genlin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green, Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
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6
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Ghosh P, Banerjee P. Drug delivery using biocompatible covalent organic frameworks (COFs) towards a therapeutic approach. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12527-12547. [PMID: 37724444 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01829f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are constructed exclusively with lightweight organic scaffolds, which can have a 2D or 3D architecture. The ease of synthesis, robust skeleton and tunable properties of COFs make them superior candidates among their counterparts for a wide range of uses including biomedical applications. In the biomedical field, drug delivery or photodynamic-photothermal (PDT-PTT) therapy can be individually considered a potential parameter to be investigated. Therefore, this comprehensive review is focused on drug delivery using COFs, highlighting the encapsulation and decapsulation of drugs by COF scaffolds and their delivery in biological media including live cells. Versatile COF scaffolds together with the delivery of several drug molecules are considered. We attempted to incorporate the status of drug encapsulation and decapsulation considering a wide range of recent publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Ghosh
- Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai Campus, Chennai 600127, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Priyabrata Banerjee
- Electric Mobility and Tribology Research Group, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), AcSIR Headquarters CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttarpradesh, India
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7
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Verkhovskii RA, Ivanov AN, Lengert EV, Tulyakova KA, Shilyagina NY, Ermakov AV. Current Principles, Challenges, and New Metrics in pH-Responsive Drug Delivery Systems for Systemic Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051566. [PMID: 37242807 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The paradigm of drug delivery via particulate formulations is one of the leading ideas that enable overcoming limitations of traditional chemotherapeutic agents. The trend toward more complex multifunctional drug carriers is well-traced in the literature. Nowadays, the prospectiveness of stimuli-responsive systems capable of controlled cargo release in the lesion nidus is widely accepted. Both endogenous and exogenous stimuli are employed for this purpose; however, endogenous pH is the most common trigger. Unfortunately, scientists encounter multiple challenges on the way to the implementation of this idea related to the vehicles' accumulation in off-target tissues, their immunogenicity, the complexity of drug delivery to intracellular targets, and finally, the difficulties in the fabrication of carriers matching all imposed requirements. Here, we discuss fundamental strategies for pH-responsive drug delivery, as well as limitations related to such carriers' application, and reveal the main problems, weaknesses, and reasons for poor clinical results. Moreover, we attempted to formulate the profiles of an "ideal" drug carrier in the frame of different strategies drawing on the example of metal-comprising materials and considered recently published studies through the lens of these profiles. We believe that this approach will facilitate the formulation of the main challenges facing researchers and the identification of the most promising trends in technology development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman A Verkhovskii
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Str., 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Alexey N Ivanov
- Central Research Laboratory, Saratov State Medical University of V. I. Razumovsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Lengert
- Central Research Laboratory, Saratov State Medical University of V. I. Razumovsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 410012 Saratov, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Theranostics, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ksenia A Tulyakova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Natalia Yu Shilyagina
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alexey V Ermakov
- Central Research Laboratory, Saratov State Medical University of V. I. Razumovsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 410012 Saratov, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Theranostics, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
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8
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Dighe AV, Bhawnani RR, Podupu PKR, Dandu NK, Ngo AT, Chaudhuri S, Singh MR. Microkinetic insights into the role of catalyst and water activity on the nucleation, growth, and dissolution during COF-5 synthesis. NANOSCALE 2023. [PMID: 37082906 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06685h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The chemical pathway for synthesizing covalent organic frameworks (COFs) involves a complex medley of reaction sequences over a rippling energy landscape that cannot be adequately described using existing theories. Even with the development of state-of-the-art experimental and computational tools, identifying primary mechanisms of nucleation and growth of COFs remains elusive. Other than empirically, little is known about how the catalyst composition and water activity affect the kinetics of the reaction pathway. Here, for the first time, we employ time-resolved in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) coupled with a six-parameter microkinetic model consisting of ∼10 million reactions and over 20 000 species. The integrated approach elucidates previously unrecognized roles of catalyst pKa on COF yield and water on growth rate and size distribution. COF crystalline yield increases with decreasing pKa of the catalysts, whereas the effect of water is to reduce the growth rate of COF and broaden the size distribution. The microkinetic model reproduces the experimental data and quantitatively predicts the role of synthesis conditions such as temperature, catalyst, and precursor concentration on the nucleation and growth rates. Furthermore, the model also validates the second-order reaction mechanism of COF-5 and predicts the activation barriers for classical and non-classical growth of COF-5 crystals. The microkinetic model developed here is generalizable to different COFs and other multicomponent systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish V Dighe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
| | - Rajan R Bhawnani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
| | - Prem K R Podupu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
| | - Naveen K Dandu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Anh T Ngo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Santanu Chaudhuri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Meenesh R Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
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9
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Qi W, Wu Q, Wang W, Feng J, Su Q. Fluorinated covalent organic framework materials for photocatalytically driven benzylamine coupling and azo dyes degradation. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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10
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Singh N, Kim J, Kim J, Lee K, Zunbul Z, Lee I, Kim E, Chi SG, Kim JS. Covalent organic framework nanomedicines: Biocompatibility for advanced nanocarriers and cancer theranostics applications. Bioact Mater 2023; 21:358-380. [PMID: 36185736 PMCID: PMC9483748 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicines for drug delivery and imaging-guided cancer therapy is a rapidly growing research area. The unique properties of nanomedicines have a massive potential in solving longstanding challenges of existing cancer drugs, such as poor localization at the tumor site, high drug doses and toxicity, recurrence, and poor immune response. However, inadequate biocompatibility restricts their potential in clinical translation. Therefore, advanced nanomaterials with high biocompatibility and enhanced therapeutic efficiency are highly desired to fast-track the clinical translation of nanomedicines. Intrinsic properties of nanoscale covalent organic frameworks (nCOFs), such as suitable size, modular pore geometry and porosity, and straightforward post-synthetic modification via simple organic transformations, make them incredibly attractive for future nanomedicines. The ability of COFs to disintegrate in a slightly acidic tumor microenvironment also gives them a competitive advantage in targeted delivery. This review summarizes recently published applications of COFs in drug delivery, photo-immuno therapy, sonodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, chemotherapy, pyroptosis, and combination therapy. Herein we mainly focused on modifications of COFs to enhance their biocompatibility, efficacy and potential clinical translation. This review will provide the fundamental knowledge in designing biocompatible nCOFs-based nanomedicines and will help in the rapid development of cancer drug carriers and theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nem Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Jungryun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Jaewon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Kyungwoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Zehra Zunbul
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Injun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Eunji Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Sung-Gil Chi
- Department of Life Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
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11
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Asadi P, Taymouri S, Khodarahmi G, Jalali H, Zaker H, Sadeghi‐Aliabadi H, Dinari M. Novel nanoscale vanillin based covalent triazine framework as a novel carrier for sustained release of imatinib. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Asadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
- Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Somayeh Taymouri
- School of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Ghadamali Khodarahmi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
- Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Hanieh Jalali
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences Kharazmi University Tehran Iran
| | - Hoorieh Zaker
- Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Hojjat Sadeghi‐Aliabadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Mohammad Dinari
- Department of Chemistry Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran
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12
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Kaur G, Kumar D, Sundarrajan S, Ramakrishna S, Kumar P. Recent Trends in the Design, Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Covalent Organic Frameworks. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010139. [PMID: 36616488 PMCID: PMC9824193 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The most recent and advanced class of crystalline and permeable compounds are covalent organic frameworks (COFs). Due to their exceptional qualities, such as their porous structure, high surface area, strong chemical and thermal stabilities, low density, good water stability, luminescent nature, and so on, COFs have seen remarkable growth over the past ten years. COFs have been successfully researched for a number of applications based on these characteristics. The current state of COFs has been reported in this study, with particular attention paid to their design, topology, synthesis, and a variety of biological applications, including drug delivery systems, photodynamic and photothermal therapy, biosensing, bioimaging, etc. Moreover, several miscellaneous applications, such as catalysis, gas storage and separation, photocatalysis, sensors, solar cells, supercapacitors, and 3D printers, have also been explored. It is significant that we have examined current research on COFs with a focus on the biological applications, which are infrequently covered in the literature. Descriptions of the difficulties and prospective outcomes have also been given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Kaur
- Materials Application Research Laboratory (MARL), Department of Nano Sciences and Materials, Central University of Jammu, Rahya Suchani, Jammu 181143, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, India
| | - Subramanian Sundarrajan
- NUS Centre for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lower Kent Ridge, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117581, Singapore
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
- Correspondence: (S.S.); or (P.K.)
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- NUS Centre for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lower Kent Ridge, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117581, Singapore
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Materials Application Research Laboratory (MARL), Department of Nano Sciences and Materials, Central University of Jammu, Rahya Suchani, Jammu 181143, India
- Correspondence: (S.S.); or (P.K.)
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13
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Ma B, Xu Y, Hu F, Zhai L, Huang Y, Qiao H, Xiong J, Yang D, Ni Z, Zheng X, Mi L. Fluorinated covalent organic frameworks for efficient drug delivery. RSC Adv 2022; 12:31276-31281. [PMID: 36349051 PMCID: PMC9623553 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05534a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, two novel fluorine-functionalized crystalline covalent organic frameworks (COFs), namely DF-TAPB-COF and DF-TATB-COF, were synthesized, and their ordered structure, porosity, suitable pore size, and abundant fluorine groups were expected to serve as effective carriers in drug delivery. The excellent cell viability of DF-TAPB-COF and DF-TATB-COF was verified using MTT assays. Both COFs exhibited very high loading capacities in terms of drug loading performance, in particular the drug loading rate of DF-TAPB-COF for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was up to 69%. They also exhibited efficient drug release performance in a simulated body fluid environment. Cell endocytosis experiments demonstrated that DF-TAPB-COF and DF-TATB-COF could be effectively endocytosed by cells. Hence, this study offers new insight into the design and development of COF-based drug carrier systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiwei Ma
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of TechnologyZhengzhou450007 P. R. China
| | - Yimeng Xu
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of TechnologyZhengzhou450007 P. R. China
| | - Fujia Hu
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of TechnologyZhengzhou450007 P. R. China
| | - Lipeng Zhai
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of TechnologyZhengzhou450007 P. R. China,Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of TechnologyZhengzhou450007 P. R. China
| | - Yongyu Huang
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of TechnologyZhengzhou450007 P. R. China
| | - Huijie Qiao
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of TechnologyZhengzhou450007 P. R. China
| | - Jiabin Xiong
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of TechnologyZhengzhou450007 P. R. China
| | - Dehong Yang
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of TechnologyZhengzhou450007 P. R. China
| | - Zhihui Ni
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of TechnologyZhengzhou450007 P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Zheng
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450052 P. R. China
| | - Liwei Mi
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of TechnologyZhengzhou450007 P. R. China,Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of TechnologyZhengzhou450007 P. R. China
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14
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Liu W, Ma X, Kheyr SM, Dong A, Zhang J. Covalent Organic Frameworks as Nanocarriers for Improved Delivery of Chemotherapeutic Agents. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7215. [PMID: 36295281 PMCID: PMC9611971 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has become one of the main causes of death worldwide. Chemotherapy as one of the main therapy modalities is very unsatisfactory. The various nanocarriers have brought new opportunities for effective tumor treatment. However, most of the current nanocarriers still suffer from low efficiency and confront significant challenges in overcoming multiple biological barriers. Compared with conventional nanocarriers, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with unique and attractive features exhibited great potential to serve as a promising platform for anticancer drug delivery. In this review, we first summarize the strategies and challenges of nanocarriers for cancer chemotherapy and then highlight the recent advances in COF-based nanocarriers for improved delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. Finally, the challenges remaining for COF-based nanocarriers for clinical applications are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xinyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shuayb Mohamed Kheyr
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Anjie Dong
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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15
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Zhou F, Fang Y, Deng C, Zhang Q, Wu M, Shen HH, Tang Y, Wang Y. Templated Assembly of pH-Labile Covalent Organic Framework Hierarchical Particles for Intracellular Drug Delivery. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3055. [PMID: 36080091 PMCID: PMC9457862 DOI: 10.3390/nano12173055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COF), a class of emerging microporous polymers, have been restrained for drug delivery applications due to their limited controllability over particle sizes and degradability. Herein, a dendritic mesoporous silica nanosphere (DMSN)-mediated growth strategy is proposed to fabricate hierarchical DMSN@COF hybrids through in situ growing of 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene and 2,5-dimethoxyterephthaldehyde connected COF with acid cleavable C=N bonds. After the removal of the DMSN template, COF hierarchical particles (COF HP) with tailored particle sizes and degradability were obtained. Notably, the COF HP could be degraded by 55% after 24 h of incubation at pH 5.5, whereas the counterpart bulk COF only showed 15% of degradation in the same conditions. Due to the improved porosity and surface area, the COF HP can be utilized to load the chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin (DOX), with a high loading (46.8 wt%), outperforming the bulk COF (32.1 wt%). Moreover, around 90% of the loaded DOX can be discharged from the COF HP within 8 h of incubation at pH 5.5, whereas, only ~55% of the loaded DOX was released from the bulk COF. Cell experiments demonstrated that the IC50 value of the DOX loaded in COF HP was 2-3 times lower than that of the DOX loaded in the bulk COF and the hybrid DMSN@COF. Attributed to the high loading capacity and more pH-labile particle deconstruction properties, COF HP shows great potential in the application as vehicles for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chao Deng
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Minying Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hsin-Hui Shen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, China
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16
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Fabrication of microwave-sensitized nanospheres of covalent organic framework with apatinib for tumor therapy. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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17
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Tang Y, Varyambath A, Ding Y, Chen B, Huang X, Zhang Y, Yu DG, Kim I, Song W. Porous organic polymers for drug delivery: hierarchical pore structures, variable morphologies, and biological properties. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:5369-5390. [PMID: 35861101 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00719c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Porous organic polymers have received considerable attention in recent years because of their applicability as biomaterials. In particular, their hierarchical pore structures, variable morphologies, and tunable biological properties make them suitable as drug-delivery systems. In this review, the synthetic and post forming/control methods including templated methods, template-free methods, mechanical methods, electrospun methods, and 3D printing methods for controlling the hierarchical structures and morphologies of porous organic polymers are discussed, and the different methods affecting their specific surface areas, hierarchical structures, and unique morphologies are highlighted in detail. In addition, we discuss their applications in drug encapsulation and the development of stimuli (pH, heat, light, and dual-stimuli)-responsive materials, focusing on their use for targeted drug release and as therapeutic agents. Finally, we present an outlook concerning the research directions and applications of porous polymer-based drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxin Tang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China.
| | - Anuraj Varyambath
- BK21 PLUS Center for Advanced Chemical Technology, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yuanchen Ding
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China.
| | - Bailiang Chen
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China.
| | - Xinyi Huang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, P. R. China.
| | - Deng-Guang Yu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China.
| | - Il Kim
- BK21 PLUS Center for Advanced Chemical Technology, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wenliang Song
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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18
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Zou Y, Wang P, Zhang A, Qin Z, Li Y, Xianyu Y, Zhang H. Covalent Organic Framework-Incorporated Nanofibrous Membrane as an Intelligent Platform for Wound Dressing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:8680-8692. [PMID: 35086331 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) possess fascinating features that have sparked increasing interest as drug carriers in biomedical applications. However, the promising properties of COFs in wound healing have rarely been reported. Herein, a facile one-pot method is reported to prepare a curcumin-loaded COF (CUR@COF) by the condensation reaction and the Schiff base reaction and to further incorporate CUR@COF into polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibrous membranes (CUR@COF/PCL NFMs) through electrospinning to develop a pH-triggered drug release platform for wound dressing. CUR@COF has a high CUR loading capacity of 27.68%, and CUR@COF/PCL NFMs exhibit increased thermal stability, improved mechanical properties, good biocompatibility, and enhanced antibacterial and antioxidant activities. More importantly, CUR@COF-based membranes show a pH-responsive CUR release profile by protonation under acidic conditions, suggesting the promotion of CUR release from membranes under an acidic extracellular microenvironment. The histopathological analysis and immunofluorescence staining of an in vivo skin defect model indicate that CUR@COF/PCL NFMs can accelerate wound healing and skin regeneration by reducing the expression of inflammatory factors (TNF-α) and enhancing the expression of angiogenesis (VEGF). This work provides a new strategy by employing COF-based drug-encapsulated nanocomposites for wound dressing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Zou
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Aiping Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zeyu Qin
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yunlei Xianyu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
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19
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Salehi A, Behpour M, Afzali D. Investigation into the antibacterial activity of covalent organic frameworks as a delivery system of trimethoprim against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Wang Y, Wang D, Wang J, Wang C, Wang J, Ding Y, Yao Y. Pillar[5]arene-derived covalent organic materials with pre-encoded molecular recognition for targeted and synergistic cancer photo- and chemotherapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1689-1692. [PMID: 35022638 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc07072j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
An efficient targeted and synergistic cancer photo- and chemotherapy platform was constructed from aldehyde-modified pillar[5]arene and tetra-(4-aminophenyl)porphyrin successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China.
| | - Di Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China.
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China.
| | - Chenwei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China.
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China.
| | - Yue Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China.
| | - Yong Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China.
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21
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Zhou S, Meng T, Hu D, Zhu Y, Huang C, Song M, Gao S, Zhang G. Characteristic Synthesis of a Covalent Organic Framework and Its Application in Multifunctional Tumor Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:59-81. [PMID: 35014823 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
For decades, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have attracted wide biomedical interest due to their unique properties including ease of synthesis, porosity, and adjustable biocompatibility. Versatile COFs can easily encapsulate various therapeutic drugs due to their extremely high payload and porosity. COFs with abundant functional groups can be surface-modified to achieve active targeting and enhance biocompatibility. In this paper, the latest developments of COFs in the biomedical field are summarized. First, the classification and synthesis of COFs are discussed. Cancer diagnosis and treatment based on COFs are studied, and the advantages and limitations of each method are discussed. Second, the specific preparation methods to obtain specific therapeutic properties are summarized. Finally, based on the combination and modification of COFs with various components, this review system summarizes different combination therapies. In addition, the main challenges faced in COF research and prospects for applying COFs to cancer diagnosis and treatment are evaluated. This review provides enlightening insights into the interdisciplinary research on COFs and applications in biomedicine, which highlight the great expectations for their further clinical transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Tao Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Danyou Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yuheng Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Chenguang Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Mengmeng Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Guiyang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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22
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Wang H, He T, Quan D, Wang T, Li C, Shen Y. Thiosemicarbazide‐Linked Covalent Organic Framework: Preparation, Properties and Applications. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heping Wang
- Research Centre of New Materials Ankang Research Centre of Zn Based Materials Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ankang University Ankang Shaanxi 725000 China
| | - Tengteng He
- Research Centre of New Materials Ankang Research Centre of Zn Based Materials Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ankang University Ankang Shaanxi 725000 China
| | - Dandan Quan
- Research Centre of New Materials Ankang Research Centre of Zn Based Materials Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ankang University Ankang Shaanxi 725000 China
| | - Tong Wang
- Research Centre of New Materials Ankang Research Centre of Zn Based Materials Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ankang University Ankang Shaanxi 725000 China
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China
| | - Yehua Shen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China
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23
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Liu X, Zhang F, Lou H, Luo H, Peng C, Zhu S, Zhou B. Guanidinium‐Based Ionic Covalent Organic Porous Polymer as Natamycin Delivery Agents for
Anti‐Candida albicans. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical College Weifang 261053 Shandong P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy Weifang Medical University Weifang 261053 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Fang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy Weifang Medical University Weifang 261053 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Han Lou
- School of Clinical Medicine Weifang Medical University Weifang 261053 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Haotian Luo
- School of Pharmacy Weifang Medical University Weifang 261053 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical College Weifang 261053 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Shourong Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical College Weifang 261053 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Baolong Zhou
- School of Pharmacy Weifang Medical University Weifang 261053 Shandong P. R. China
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24
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Wang H, Feng B, Zhang Q, Du Q, Bai Q, Li C, Shen Y. Amidinothiourea‐linked covalent organic framework for the adsorption of heavy metal ions. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heping Wang
- Research Centre of New Materials, Ankang Research Centre of Zn Based Materials Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ankang University Ankang China
| | - Bang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Qianwen Zhang
- Research Centre of New Materials, Ankang Research Centre of Zn Based Materials Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ankang University Ankang China
| | - Qiang Du
- Research Centre of New Materials, Ankang Research Centre of Zn Based Materials Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ankang University Ankang China
| | - Qiuhong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Yehua Shen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an China
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25
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Valenzuela C, Chen C, Sun M, Ye Z, Zhang J. Strategies and applications of covalent organic frameworks as promising nanoplatforms in cancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:3450-3483. [PMID: 33909746 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer nanomedicine is the best option to face the limits of conventional chemotherapy and phototherapy methods, and thus the intensive quest for new nanomaterials to improve therapeutic efficacy and safety is still underway. Owing to their low density, well-defined structures, large surface area, finely tunable pore size, and metal ion free features, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been extensively studied in many research fields. The recent great interest in nanoscale COFs to improve the properties of bulk COFs has led to broadening of their applicability in the biomedical field, such as nanocarriers with an outstanding loading capacity and efficient delivery of therapeutic agents, smart theranostic nanoplatforms with excellent stability, high ROS generation, light-to-heat conversion capabilities, and different response and diagnostic characteristics. The COFs and related nanoplatforms with a wide variety of designability and functionalization have opened up a new avenue for exciting opportunities in cancer therapy. Herein we review the state-of-the-art technical and scientific developments in this emerging field, focusing on the overall progress addressed so far in building versatile COF-based nanoplatforms to enhance chemotherapy, photodynamic/photothermal therapy, and combination. Future perspectives for achieving the synergistic effect of cancer elimination and clinical translation are further discussed to motivate future contributions and explore new possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Valenzuela
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Chu Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Mengxiao Sun
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Zhanpeng Ye
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China. and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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26
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Covalent organic frameworks for fluorescent sensing: Recent developments and future challenges. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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27
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Bagheri AR, Li C, Zhang X, Zhou X, Aramesh N, Zhou H, Jia J. Recent advances in covalent organic frameworks for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:5745-5761. [PMID: 34318797 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00960e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the number of patients diagnosed with cancer has been soaring. Therefore, the design, development, and implementation of new approaches for the diagnosis and therapy of different types of cancers have attracted an increasing amount of attention. To date, different methods have been used for cancer diagnosis and therapy with main drawbacks in terms of severe side effects, e.g., damage to healthy cells, development of drug resistance and tumor recurrence. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the introduction and application of innovative methods. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are versatile materials with excellent properties in terms of biocompatibility, porous and crystalline structure, and easy functionalization. The porous structure and organic monomers in COFs allow them to load different therapeutic drugs and/or functional species efficiently. These promising properties make COFs ideal candidates for medical application, especially in cancer diagnosis and therapy. To date, many studies have focused on the design and synthesis of novel COFs while their application as diagnostic and therapeutic materials remains less understood. In this review, different synthesis and functionalization approaches of COFs were summarized. In particular, cancer diagnosis and therapy based on COFs were investigated and the advantages and limitations of each method were discussed. Most importantly, the mechanism for cancer therapy of COFs and fundamental challenges and perspectives for the application of COFs in cancer theranostics were assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Reza Bagheri
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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28
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Mallakpour S, Azadi E, Hussain CM. Emerging new-generation hybrids based on covalent organic frameworks for industrial applications. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00609f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the advancement of COF hybrid-based materials for diverse industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadpour Mallakpour
- Organic Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Isfahan University of Technology
- Isfahan
- Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Elham Azadi
- Organic Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Isfahan University of Technology
- Isfahan
- Islamic Republic of Iran
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Anbazhagan R, Krishnamoorthi R, Kumaresan S, Tsai HC. Thioether-terminated triazole-bridged covalent organic framework for dual-sensitive drug delivery application. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 120:111704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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