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Patra S, Dey J, Kar S, Chakraborty A. Delivery of Chlorambucil to the Brain Using Surface Modified Solid Lipid Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:3403-3413. [PMID: 38700026 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The delivery of drugs to the brain in the therapy of diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) remains a continuing challenge because of the lack of delivery systems that can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Therefore, there is a need to develop an innovative delivery method for the treatment of CNS diseases. Thus, we have investigated the interaction of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and S-(-)-γ-amino-α-hydroxybutyric acid (GAHBA) with the GABA receptor by performing a docking study. Both GABA and GAHBA show comparable binding affinities toward the receptor. In this study, we developed surface-modified solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) using GAHBA-derived lipids that can cross the BBB. CLB-loaded SLNs were characterized by a number of methods including differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic light scattering, UV-vis spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The blank and CLB-loaded SLN suspensions were found to exhibit good storage stability. Also, the SLNs showed a higher encapsulation efficiency for CLB drugs. In vitro release kinetics of CLB at physiological temperature was also investigated. The results of the in vitro cell cytotoxicity assay and flow cytometry studies in the human glioma U87MG cell line and human prostate cancer PC3 cell line suggested a higher efficacy of the GAHBA-modified CLB-loaded SLNs in U87MG cells. The transcription level of GABA receptor expression in the target organ and cell line was analyzed by a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction study. The in vivo biodistribution and brain uptake in C57BL6 mice and SPECT/CT imaging in Wistar rats investigated using 99mTc-labeled SLN and autoradiography suggest that the SLNs have an increasing brain uptake. We have demonstrated the delivery of the anticancer drug chlorambucil (CLB) to glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagata Patra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Joykrishna Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Somnath Kar
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Avik Chakraborty
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
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2
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Morrow JP, Mazrad ZAI, Warne NM, Ayton S, Bush AI, Kempe K. Schiff-Base Cross-Linked Poly(2-oxazoline) Micelle Drug Conjugates Possess Antiferroptosis Activity in Numerous In Vitro Cell Models. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:1068-1083. [PMID: 38178625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
A great deal of nanocarriers have been applied to induce ferroptosis in cancer research, yet there are limited examples of nanocarrier formulations to rescue ferroptosis, which can be applied to neurodegeneration, inflammation, liver damage, kidney disease, and more. Here, we present the synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of pH-responsive, core-cross-linked micelle (CCM) ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) conjugates with amine, valproic acid, and biotin surface chemistries. Fer-1 release from stable and defined CCM Fer-1 conjugates was quantified, highlighting the sustained release for 24 h. CCM Fer-1 conjugates demonstrated excellent ferroptosis rescue by their antilipid peroxidation activity in a diverse set of cell lines in vitro. Additionally, CCMs showed tunable cell association in SH-SY5Y and translocation across an in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) model, highlighting potential brain disease applications. Overall, here, we present a polymeric Fer-1 delivery system to enhance Fer-1 action, which could help in improving Fer-1 action in the treatment of ferroptosis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Morrow
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Zihnil A I Mazrad
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Nicole M Warne
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Scott Ayton
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kristian Kempe
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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Patharapankal EJ, Ajiboye AL, Mattern C, Trivedi V. Nose-to-Brain (N2B) Delivery: An Alternative Route for the Delivery of Biologics in the Management and Treatment of Central Nervous System Disorders. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:66. [PMID: 38258077 PMCID: PMC10818989 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there have been a growing number of small and large molecules that could be used to treat diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Nose-to-brain delivery can be a potential option for the direct transport of molecules from the nasal cavity to different brain areas. This review aims to provide a compilation of current approaches regarding drug delivery to the CNS via the nose, with a focus on biologics. The review also includes a discussion on the key benefits of nasal delivery as a promising alternative route for drug administration and the involved pathways or mechanisms. This article reviews how the application of various auxiliary agents, such as permeation enhancers, mucolytics, in situ gelling/mucoadhesive agents, enzyme inhibitors, and polymeric and lipid-based systems, can promote the delivery of large molecules in the CNS. The article also includes a discussion on the current state of intranasal formulation development and summarizes the biologics currently in clinical trials. It was noted that significant progress has been made in this field, and these are currently being applied to successfully transport large molecules to the CNS via the nose. However, a deep mechanistic understanding of this route, along with the intimate knowledge of various excipients and their interactions with the drug and nasal physiology, is still necessary to bring us one step closer to developing effective formulations for nasal-brain drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J. Patharapankal
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Canterbury ME4 4TB, UK; (E.J.P.); (A.L.A.)
| | - Adejumoke Lara Ajiboye
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Canterbury ME4 4TB, UK; (E.J.P.); (A.L.A.)
| | | | - Vivek Trivedi
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Canterbury ME4 4TB, UK; (E.J.P.); (A.L.A.)
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Pervaiz I, Mehta Y, Sherill K, Patel D, Al-Ahmad AJ. Ketone bodies supplementation restores the barrier function, induces a metabolic switch, and elicits beta-hydroxybutyrate diffusion across a monolayer of iPSC-derived brain microvascular endothelial cells. Microvasc Res 2023; 150:104585. [PMID: 37437687 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Glucose constitutes the main source of energy for the central nervous system (CNS), its entry occurring at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) via the presence of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1). However, under food intake restrictions, the CNS can utilize ketone bodies (KB) as an alternative source of energy. Notably, the relationship between the BBB and KBs and its effect on their glucose metabolism remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of glucose deprivation on the brain endothelium in vitro, and supplementation with KBs using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived brain microvascular endothelial cell-like cells (iBMECs). Glucose-free environment significantly decreased cell metabolic activity and negatively impacted the barrier function. In addition, glucose deprivation did not increase GLUT1 expression but also resulted in a decrease in glucose uptake and glycolysis. Supplementation of glucose-deprived iBMECs monolayers with KB showed no improvement and even worsened upon treatment with acetoacetate. However, under a hypoglycemic condition in the presence of KBs, we noted a slight improvement of the barrier function, with no changes in glucose uptake. Notably, hypoglycemia and/or KB pre-treatment elicited a saturable beta-hydroxybutyrate diffusion across iBMECs monolayers, such diffusion occurred partially via an MCT1-dependent mechanism. Taken together, our study highlights the importance of glucose metabolism and the reliance of the brain endothelium on glucose and glycolysis for its function, such dependence is unlikely to be covered by KBs supplementation. In addition, KB diffusion at the BBB appeared induced by KB pre-treatment and appears to involve an MCT1-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Pervaiz
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center - Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amarillo, TX, United States of America; Center for Blood-Brain Barrier Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center - Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, United States of America.
| | - Yash Mehta
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center - Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amarillo, TX, United States of America; Center for Blood-Brain Barrier Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center - Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, United States of America
| | - Kinzie Sherill
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center - Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amarillo, TX, United States of America; Center for Blood-Brain Barrier Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center - Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, United States of America
| | - Dhavalkumar Patel
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center - Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amarillo, TX, United States of America; Center for Blood-Brain Barrier Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center - Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, United States of America
| | - Abraham J Al-Ahmad
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center - Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amarillo, TX, United States of America; Center for Blood-Brain Barrier Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center - Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX, United States of America.
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Mineiro R, Albuquerque T, Neves AR, Santos CRA, Costa D, Quintela T. The Role of Biological Rhythms in New Drug Formulations to Cross the Brain Barriers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12541. [PMID: 37628722 PMCID: PMC10454916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
For brain protection, the blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier limit the traffic of molecules between blood and brain tissue and between blood and cerebrospinal fluid, respectively. Besides their protective function, brain barriers also limit the passage of therapeutic drugs to the brain, which constitutes a great challenge for the development of therapeutic strategies for brain disorders. This problem has led to the emergence of novel strategies to treat neurological disorders, like the development of nanoformulations to deliver therapeutic agents to the brain. Recently, functional molecular clocks have been identified in the blood-brain barrier and in the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. In fact, circadian rhythms in physiological functions related to drug disposition were also described in brain barriers. This opens the possibility for chronobiological approaches that aim to use time to improve drug efficacy and safety. The conjugation of nanoformulations with chronobiology for neurological disorders is still unexplored. Facing this, here, we reviewed the circadian rhythms in brain barriers, the nanoformulations studied to deliver drugs to the brain, and the nanoformulations with the potential to be conjugated with a chronobiological approach to therapeutic strategies for the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Mineiro
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Tânia Albuquerque
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Raquel Neves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cecília R. A. Santos
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Diana Costa
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Telma Quintela
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- UDI-IPG—Unidade de Investigação para o Desenvolvimento do Interior, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
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Fan WT, Liu XF, Liang RC. Raf/MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway Is Involved in the Inhibition of Glioma Cell Proliferation and Invasion in the Ketogenic Microenvironment. Curr Med Sci 2023; 43:759-767. [PMID: 37498407 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2724-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A high-fat, low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet has been used to treat malignant glioma, in which the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway is overactivated. However, whether the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway is involved in the therapeutic effect of ketone bodies remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of a major ketone body, 3-hydroxybutyric acid (3-HBA), on the proliferation and metastasis of malignant glioblastoma cells and the underlying mechanism. METHODS Two human malignant glioblastoma cell lines (U87 and U251) were treated with different concentrations of 3-HBA with or without the Raf inhibitor PAF C-16 for 24 h. Cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell invasion, and phospholipase D1 (PLD1) activity were determined. Protein and gene expression levels of Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway members were examined. RESULTS 3-HBA significantly decreased cell proliferation, invasion, and intracellular PLD1 activity in both U87 and U251 glioblastoma cell lines. 3-HBA treatment significantly increased the proportion of cells in the G1 phase and decreased the proportion of cells in S phase in U87 cells. In the U251 line, the proportion of treated cells in S phase was increased and proportion of cells in G2 was decreased. 3-HBA treatment also significantly decreased the protein expression levels of Raf, MEK, p-MEK, ERK, p-ERK, and PLD1 while increasing p53 expression; an effect that was similar to treatment with the Raf inhibitor. Co-treatment of 3-HBA with the Raf inhibitor further enhanced the effects of the 3-HBA in both cell lines. CONCLUSION We confirmed that a ketogenic microenvironment can inhibit glioma cell proliferation and invasion by downregulating the expression of PLD1 through the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tao Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, China
| | - Ri-Chu Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, China.
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Christensen G, Chen Y, Urimi D, Zizmare L, Trautwein C, Schipper N, Paquet-Durand F. Pyruvate-conjugation of PEGylated liposomes for targeted drug delivery to retinal photoreceptors. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114717. [PMID: 37435722 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite several promising candidates, there is a paucity of drug treatments available for patients suffering from retinal diseases. An important reason for this is the lack of suitable delivery systems that can achieve sufficiently high drug uptake in the retina and its photoreceptors. A promising and versatile method for drug delivery to specific cell types involves transporter-targeted liposomes, i.e., liposomes surface-coated with substrates for transporter proteins highly expressed on the target cell. We identified strong lactate transporter (monocarboxylate transporter, MCT) expression on photoreceptors as a potential target for drug delivery vehicles. To evaluate MCT suitability for drug targeting, we used PEG-coated liposomes and conjugated these with different monocarboxylates, including lactate, pyruvate, and cysteine. Monocarboxylate-conjugated and dye-loaded liposomes were tested on both human-derived cell-lines and murine retinal explant cultures. We found that liposomes conjugated with pyruvate consistently displayed higher cell uptake than unconjugated liposomes or liposomes conjugated with lactate or cysteine. Pharmacological inhibition of MCT1 and MCT2 reduced internalization, suggesting an MCT-dependent uptake mechanism. Notably, pyruvate-conjugated liposomes loaded with the drug candidate CN04 reduced photoreceptor cell death in the murine rd1 retinal degeneration model while free drug solutions could not achieve the same therapeutic effect. Our study thus highlights pyruvate-conjugated liposomes as a promising system for drug delivery to retinal photoreceptors, as well as other neuronal cell types displaying high expression of MCT-type proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Christensen
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn Straße 5-7, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Yiyi Chen
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn Straße 5-7, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Dileep Urimi
- Division Bioeconomy and Health, Chemical Process and Pharmaceutical Development, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Forskargatan 18, Södertälje 15136, Sweden
| | - Laimdota Zizmare
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University Hospital Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Christoph Trautwein
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University Hospital Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Nicolaas Schipper
- Division Bioeconomy and Health, Chemical Process and Pharmaceutical Development, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Forskargatan 18, Södertälje 15136, Sweden
| | - François Paquet-Durand
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn Straße 5-7, Tübingen 72076, Germany.
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Jagdale S, Narwade M, Sheikh A, Md S, Salve R, Gajbhiye V, Kesharwani P, Gajbhiye KR. GLUT1 transporter-facilitated solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with anti-cancer therapeutics for ovarian cancer targeting. Int J Pharm 2023; 637:122894. [PMID: 36990168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutics available for cancer treatment have the major hurdle of site-specific delivery of anti-cancer drugs to the tumor site and non-target specific side effects. The standard therapy for ovarian cancer still poses numerous pitfalls due to the irrational use of drugs affecting healthy cells. As an appealing approach, nanomedicine could revamp the therapeutic profile of anti-cancer agents. Owing to the low manufacturing cost, increased biocompatibility, and modifiable surface properties, lipid-based nanocarriers, particularly solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), have remarkable drug delivery properties in cancer treatment. Given the extra-ordinary benefits, we developed anti-neoplastic (paclitaxel) drug-loaded SLN (PTX-SLN) and functionalized with N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GLcNAc) (GLcNAc-PTX-SLN) to reduce the rate of proliferation, growth, and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells over-expressing GLUT1 transporters. The particles presented considerable size and distribution while demonstrating haemocompatibility. Using GLcNAc modified form of SLNs, confocal microscopy, MTT assay, and flow cytometry study demonstrated higher cellular uptake and significant cytotoxic effect. Also, molecular docking results established excellent binding affinity between GLcNAc and GLUT1, complimenting the feasibility of the therapeutic approach in targeted cancer therapy. Following the compendium of target-specific drug delivery by SLN, our results demonstrated a significant response for ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saili Jagdale
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Mahavir Narwade
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Afsana Sheikh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Shadab Md
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajesh Salve
- Nanobioscience Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, India; Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India
| | - Virendra Gajbhiye
- Nanobioscience Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, India; Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai 602105, India.
| | - Kavita R Gajbhiye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth, Pune, India.
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Gyimesi G, Hediger MA. Transporter-Mediated Drug Delivery. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031151. [PMID: 36770817 PMCID: PMC9919865 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane transport of small organic and inorganic molecules is one of the cornerstones of cellular metabolism. Among transmembrane transporters, solute carrier (SLC) proteins form the largest, albeit very diverse, superfamily with over 400 members. It was recognized early on that xenobiotics can directly interact with SLCs and that this interaction can fundamentally determine their efficacy, including bioavailability and intertissue distribution. Apart from the well-established prodrug strategy, the chemical ligation of transporter substrates to nanoparticles of various chemical compositions has recently been used as a means to enhance their targeting and absorption. In this review, we summarize efforts in drug design exploiting interactions with specific SLC transporters to optimize their therapeutic effects. Furthermore, we describe current and future challenges as well as new directions for the advanced development of therapeutics that target SLC transporters.
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10
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Puris E, Fricker G, Gynther M. The Role of Solute Carrier Transporters in Efficient Anticancer Drug Delivery and Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020364. [PMID: 36839686 PMCID: PMC9966068 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Transporter-mediated drug resistance is a major obstacle in anticancer drug delivery and a key reason for cancer drug therapy failure. Membrane solute carrier (SLC) transporters play a crucial role in the cellular uptake of drugs. The expression and function of the SLC transporters can be down-regulated in cancer cells, which limits the uptake of drugs into the tumor cells, resulting in the inefficiency of the drug therapy. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of low-SLC-transporter-expression-mediated drug resistance in different types of cancers. Recent advances in SLC-transporter-targeting strategies include the development of transporter-utilizing prodrugs and nanocarriers and the modulation of SLC transporter expression in cancer cells. These strategies will play an important role in the future development of anticancer drug therapies by enabling the efficient delivery of drugs into cancer cells.
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Amiri M, Jafari S, Kurd M, Mohamadpour H, Khayati M, Ghobadinezhad F, Tavallaei O, Derakhshankhah H, Sadegh Malvajerd S, Izadi Z. Engineered Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers as New Generations of Blood-Brain Barrier Transmitters. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:4475-4490. [PMID: 34841846 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is considered as the most challenging barrier in brain drug delivery. Indeed, there is a definite link between the BBB integrity defects and central nervous systems (CNS) disorders, such as neurodegenerative diseases and brain cancers, increasing concerns in the contemporary era because of the inability of most therapeutic approaches. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) have already been identified as having several advantages in facilitating the transportation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic agents across the BBB. This review first explains BBB functions and its challenges in brain drug delivery, followed by a brief description of nanoparticle-based drug delivery for brain diseases. A detailed presentation of recent progressions in optimizing SLNs and NLCs for controlled release drug delivery, gene therapy, targeted drug delivery, and diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases and brain cancers is approached. Finally, the problems, challenges, and future perspectives in optimizing these carriers for potential clinical application were described briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Amiri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
- USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
| | - Samira Jafari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
- USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Kurd
- Trita Nanomedicine Research Center (TNRC), Trita Third Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Tehran 15469-13111, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohamadpour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 45139-56184, Iran
| | - Maryam Khayati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 45139-56184, Iran
| | - Farbod Ghobadinezhad
- USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
- Student’s Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
| | - Omid Tavallaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
- USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
| | - Hossein Derakhshankhah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
- USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
| | - Soroor Sadegh Malvajerd
- USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Zhila Izadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
- USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
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12
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Mohammadi R, Ebrahimi-Hosseinzadeh B, Khodagholi F, Hatamian-Zarmi A, Malekpour-Galogahi F. Preparation, characterization, and in vivo evaluation of Rose damascene extract loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for targeted brain delivery. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2021; 19:1373-1382. [PMID: 34900273 PMCID: PMC8617102 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-021-00693-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
According to a variety of experiments, Rose damascene may lead to memory enhancement and acetylcholine esterase inhibition. However, Rose damascene cannot pass through the blood-brain barrier due to its hydrophilic contents. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are suitable carriers for brain drug delivery. Herein, SLNs were made by micro-emulsion method. Then, lactoferrin was covalently attached to the surface of the nanoparticles by amide bond interaction for targeted delivery. The nanoparticle properties and the amount of attached lactoferrin were calculated. The effect of the selected compounds on scopolamine-induced animals was also measured by Y-maze, passive avoidance test, elevated plus maze, and forced swim test. The results revealed that the size and zeta potential of nanoparticles were 52 nm and - 13 mV before conjugation, and 161 nm and - 16 mV after conjugation, respectively. The percentage of entrapment efficiency and drug loading before conjugation was 98 ,93.6 and, after conjugation, was 11.2, 15.9, respectively. According to Y-maze and passive avoidance test results, Rose damascene can enhance short-term memory and may also reduce anxiety and depression in scopolamine-induced animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashin Mohammadi
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Ebrahimi-Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashrafalsadat Hatamian-Zarmi
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Malekpour-Galogahi
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Role of solid lipid nanoparticles as drug delivery vehicles on the pharmacokinetic variability of Erlotinib HCl. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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14
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Song J, Lu C, Leszek J, Zhang J. Design and Development of Nanomaterial-Based Drug Carriers to Overcome the Blood-Brain Barrier by Using Different Transport Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10118. [PMID: 34576281 PMCID: PMC8465340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are the leading causes of death and disabilities in the world. It is quite challenging to treat CNS diseases efficiently because of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). It is a physical barrier with tight junction proteins and high selectivity to limit the substance transportation between the blood and neural tissues. Thus, it is important to understand BBB transport mechanisms for developing novel drug carriers to overcome the BBB. This paper introduces the structure of the BBB and its physiological transport mechanisms. Meanwhile, different strategies for crossing the BBB by using nanomaterial-based drug carriers are reviewed, including carrier-mediated, adsorptive-mediated, and receptor-mediated transcytosis. Since the viral-induced CNS diseases are associated with BBB breakdown, various neurotropic viruses and their mechanisms on BBB disruption are reviewed and discussed, which are considered as an alternative solution to overcome the BBB. Therefore, most recent studies on virus-mimicking nanocarriers for drug delivery to cross the BBB are also reviewed and discussed. On the other hand, the routes of administration of drug-loaded nanocarriers to the CNS have been reviewed. In sum, this paper reviews and discusses various strategies and routes of nano-formulated drug delivery systems across the BBB to the brain, which will contribute to the advanced diagnosis and treatment of CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Song
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Str., London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada;
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Str., London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada;
| | - Jerzy Leszek
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Str., London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada;
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Str., London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada;
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15
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Ak G. Covalently coupling doxorubicin to polymeric nanoparticles as potential inhaler therapy: in vitro studies. Pharm Dev Technol 2021; 26:890-898. [PMID: 34256658 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2021.1950187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed type of cancer worldwide, non-small cell lung cancer accounts for most lung cancers. Doxorubicin is a widely used chemotherapy agent in lung cancer. However, the drug has several undesirable side effects. Here, doxorubicin coupled PEGylated mucoadhesive nanoparticles were designed as a doxorubicin delivery system for pH-triggered release in lung cancer therapy through inhaler administration. Firstly, alginate/chitosan nanoparticles were developed at optimum conditions. Then, PEG diacid bound to structures for doxorubicin binding and providing steric hindrance for phagocytosis. Doxorubicin was linked via an acid-labile amide bond to PEGylated nanoparticles and 444.3 ± 9.2 µg doxorubicin was loaded per mg nanoparticle. Doxorubicin coupled PEG diacid linked alginate/chitosan nanoparticles were checked with FTIR. Hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential of nanoparticles were measured as 205.7 ± 15.0 nm and -25.17 ± 2.67 mV. The morphology of nanoparticles was evaluated as nearly spherical. Drug release studies were performed both in physiological and acidic media. The drug release from nanoparticles reached 23.6% (pH 5.5) and 18% (pH 7.4) within 48 h. The cytotoxicity experiments were done using A549-luc-C8 cells, also statistical analyzes were carried out. The MTT results indicated the designed drug delivery system possessed anti-tumor efficacy for non-small cell lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Güliz Ak
- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry Department, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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16
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Ak G, Ünal A, Karakayalı T, Özel B, Selvi Günel N, Hamarat Şanlıer Ş. Brain-targeted, drug-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles against glioblastoma cells in culture. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 206:111946. [PMID: 34216850 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was the preparation of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) formed from cetyl palmitate with having targeting molecules for monocarboxylate transporter-1 (MCT-1): β-hydroxybutyric acid and anticancer agents: carmustine (BCNU) and temozolomide (TMZ) for enhanced anti-proliferation against glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Properties including size, morphology, chemical structure, zeta potential, drug encapsulation efficacy, drug release, biocompatibility, stability were determined, and in vitro studies were done. BCNU and TMZ loaded SLNs had a hydrodynamic size of 227 nm ± 46 a zeta potential of -25 mV ± 4 with biocompatible features. The data showed rapid drug release at first and then continuous release. Nanoparticles could be stored for nine months. BCNU and TMZ loaded SLNs exhibited a remarkable increment in the antitumor activity compared to the free-drugs and induced apoptosis on U87MG cells. In addition, targeted nanoparticles were more uptaken by MCT-1 expressing brain cells. This study indicated that BCNU and TMZ loaded SLNs could act as a useful anticancer system for targeted GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Güliz Ak
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35040, Izmir, Turkey; Center for Drug Research, Development and Pharmacokinetic Applications (ARGEFAR), Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Ayşe Ünal
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35040, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tuğba Karakayalı
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35040, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Buket Özel
- Center for Drug Research, Development and Pharmacokinetic Applications (ARGEFAR), Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nur Selvi Günel
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Şenay Hamarat Şanlıer
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35040, Izmir, Turkey; Center for Drug Research, Development and Pharmacokinetic Applications (ARGEFAR), Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
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17
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Crossing the blood-brain barrier: A review on drug delivery strategies using colloidal carrier systems. Neurochem Int 2021; 147:105017. [PMID: 33887377 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier represents the major challenge for delivering drugs to the central nervous system (CNS). It separates the blood circulation from the brain tissue, thereby protecting the CNS and maintaining its ion homeostasis. Unfortunately, most drugs are not able to cross this barrier in vivo despite promising in vitro results. One approach to solve this problem is the delivery of drugs via surface modified nanocarrier systems. This review will give an overview on currently tested systems, mainly liposomes and solid nanoparticles and inform about new developments.
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18
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Fernandes F, Dias-Teixeira M, Delerue-Matos C, Grosso C. Critical Review of Lipid-Based Nanoparticles as Carriers of Neuroprotective Drugs and Extracts. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:563. [PMID: 33668341 PMCID: PMC7996241 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The biggest obstacle to the treatment of diseases that affect the central nervous system (CNS) is the passage of drugs across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a physical barrier that regulates the entry of substances into the brain and ensures the homeostasis of the CNS. This review summarizes current research on lipid-based nanoparticles for the nanoencapsulation of neuroprotective compounds. A survey of studies on nanoemulsions (NEs), nanoliposomes/nanophytosomes and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs)/nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) was carried out and is discussed herein, with particular emphasis upon their unique characteristics, the most important parameters influencing the formulation of each one, and examples of neuroprotective compounds/extracts nanoencapsulated using these nanoparticles. Gastrointestinal absorption is also discussed, as it may pose some obstacles for the absorption of free and nanoencapsulated neuroprotective compounds into the bloodstream, consequently hampering drug concentration in the brain. The transport mechanisms through which compounds or nanoparticles may cross BBB into the brain parenchyma, and the potential to increase drug bioavailability, are also discussed. Additionally, factors contributing to BBB disruption and neurodegeneration are described. Finally, the advantages of, and obstacles to, conventional and unconventional routes of administration to deliver nanoencapsulated neuroprotective drugs to the brain are also discussed, taking into account the avoidance of first-pass metabolism, onset of action, ability to bypass the BBB and concentration of the drug in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Fernandes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (F.F.); (M.D.-T.); (C.D.-M.)
| | - Mónica Dias-Teixeira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (F.F.); (M.D.-T.); (C.D.-M.)
- NICiTeS—Núcleo de Investigação em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Escola Superior de Saúde Ribeiro Sanches, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (F.F.); (M.D.-T.); (C.D.-M.)
| | - Clara Grosso
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (F.F.); (M.D.-T.); (C.D.-M.)
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19
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Kou L, Yao Q, Zhang H, Chu M, Bhutia YD, Chen R, Ganapathy V. Transporter-Targeted Nano-Sized Vehicles for Enhanced and Site-Specific Drug Delivery. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2837. [PMID: 33019627 PMCID: PMC7599460 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nano-devices are recognized as increasingly attractive to deliver therapeutics to target cells. The specificity of this approach can be improved by modifying the surface of the delivery vehicles such that they are recognized by the target cells. In the past, cell-surface receptors were exploited for this purpose, but plasma membrane transporters also hold similar potential. Selective transporters are often highly expressed in biological barriers (e.g., intestinal barrier, blood-brain barrier, and blood-retinal barrier) in a site-specific manner, and play a key role in the vectorial transfer of nutrients. Similarly, selective transporters are also overexpressed in the plasma membrane of specific cell types under pathological states to meet the biological needs demanded by such conditions. Nano-drug delivery systems could be strategically modified to make them recognizable by these transporters to enhance the transfer of drugs across the biological barriers or to selectively expose specific cell types to therapeutic drugs. Here, we provide a comprehensive review and detailed evaluation of the recent advances in the field of transporter-targeted nano-drug delivery systems. We specifically focus on areas related to intestinal absorption, transfer across blood-brain barrier, tumor-cell selective targeting, ocular drug delivery, identification of the transporters appropriate for this purpose, and details of the rationale for the approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfa Kou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China;
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Zhejiang 325027, China; (Q.Y.); (H.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Qing Yao
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Zhejiang 325027, China; (Q.Y.); (H.Z.); (M.C.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Zhejiang 325027, China; (Q.Y.); (H.Z.); (M.C.)
- Department of Children’s Respiration Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Maoping Chu
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Zhejiang 325027, China; (Q.Y.); (H.Z.); (M.C.)
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yangzom D. Bhutia
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
| | - Ruijie Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China;
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Zhejiang 325027, China; (Q.Y.); (H.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Vadivel Ganapathy
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China;
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Zhejiang 325027, China; (Q.Y.); (H.Z.); (M.C.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
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20
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Mendes C, Serpa J. Revisiting lactate dynamics in cancer—a metabolic expertise or an alternative attempt to survive? J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:1397-1414. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01965-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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21
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Duan Y, Dhar A, Patel C, Khimani M, Neogi S, Sharma P, Siva Kumar N, Vekariya RL. A brief review on solid lipid nanoparticles: part and parcel of contemporary drug delivery systems. RSC Adv 2020; 10:26777-26791. [PMID: 35515778 PMCID: PMC9055574 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03491f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery technology has a wide spectrum, which is continuously being upgraded at a stupendous speed. Different fabricated nanoparticles and drugs possessing low solubility and poor pharmacokinetic profiles are the two major substances extensively delivered to target sites. Among the colloidal carriers, nanolipid dispersions (liposomes, deformable liposomes, virosomes, ethosomes, and solid lipid nanoparticles) are ideal delivery systems with the advantages of biodegradation and nontoxicity. Among them, nano-structured lipid carriers and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are dominant, which can be modified to exhibit various advantages, compared to liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles. Nano-structured lipid carriers and SLNs are non-biotoxic since they are biodegradable. Besides, they are highly stable. Their (nano-structured lipid carriers and SLNs) morphology, structural characteristics, ingredients used for preparation, techniques for their production, and characterization using various methods are discussed in this review. Also, although nano-structured lipid carriers and SLNs are based on lipids and surfactants, the effect of these two matrixes to build excipients is also discussed together with their pharmacological significance with novel theranostic approaches, stability and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Duan
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University Henan 450018 China
| | - Abhishek Dhar
- Department of Instrumentation & Electronics Engineering, Jadavpur University Kolkata 700106 India
| | - Chetan Patel
- School of Sciences, P P Savani University NH-8, GETCO, Near Biltech, Village: Dhamdod, Kosamba, Dist. Surat 394125 Gujarat India
| | - Mehul Khimani
- School of Sciences, P P Savani University NH-8, GETCO, Near Biltech, Village: Dhamdod, Kosamba, Dist. Surat 394125 Gujarat India
| | - Swarnali Neogi
- Department of Instrumentation & Electronics Engineering, Jadavpur University Kolkata 700106 India
| | - Prolay Sharma
- Department of Instrumentation & Electronics Engineering, Jadavpur University Kolkata 700106 India
| | - Nadavala Siva Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Saud University P.O. Box 800 Riyadh 11421 Saudi Arabia
| | - Rohit L Vekariya
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
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22
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Ferraris C, Cavalli R, Panciani PP, Battaglia L. Overcoming the Blood-Brain Barrier: Successes and Challenges in Developing Nanoparticle-Mediated Drug Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Brain Tumours. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:2999-3022. [PMID: 32431498 PMCID: PMC7201023 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s231479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade gliomas are still characterized by a poor prognosis, despite recent advances in surgical treatment. Chemotherapy is currently practiced after surgery, but its efficacy is limited by aspecific toxicity on healthy cells, tumour cell chemoresistance, poor selectivity, and especially by the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Thus, despite the large number of potential drug candidates, the choice of effective chemotherapeutics is still limited to few compounds. Malignant gliomas are characterized by high infiltration and neovascularization, and leaky BBB (the so-called blood–brain tumour barrier); surgical resection is often incomplete, leaving residual cells that are able to migrate and proliferate. Nanocarriers can favour delivery of chemotherapeutics to brain tumours owing to different strategies, including chemical stabilization of the drug in the bloodstream; passive targeting (because of the leaky vascularization at the tumour site); inhibition of drug efflux mechanisms in endothelial and cancer cells; and active targeting by exploiting carriers and receptors overexpressed at the blood–brain tumour barrier. Within this concern, a suitable nanomedicine-based therapy for gliomas should not be limited to cytotoxic agents, but also target the most important pathogenetic mechanisms, including cell differentiation pathways and angiogenesis. Moreover, the combinatorial approach of cell therapy plus nanomedicine strategies can open new therapeutical opportunities. The major part of attempted preclinical approaches on animal models involves active targeting with protein ligands, but, despite encouraging results, a few number of nanomedicines reached clinical trials, and most of them include drug-loaded nanocarriers free of targeting ligands, also because of safety and scalability concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ferraris
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Panciani
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luigi Battaglia
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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23
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Sun Y, Sun J, He Z, Wang G, Wang Y, Zhao D, Wang Z, Luo C, Tian C, Jiang Q. Monocarboxylate Transporter 1 in Brain Diseases and Cancers. Curr Drug Metab 2019; 20:855-866. [DOI: 10.2174/1389200220666191021103018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Monocarboxylate Transporter 1 (MCT1), an important membrane transport protein, mediates
the translocation of monocarboxylates together with protons across biological membranes. Due to its pathological
significance, MCT1 plays an important role in the progression of some diseases, such as brain diseases and cancers.
Methods:
We summarize the general description of MCT1 and provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of
MCT1 in brain diseases and cancers. Furthermore, this review discusses the opportunities and challenges of MCT1-
targeting drug-delivery systems in the treatment of brain diseases and cancers.
Results:
In the brain, loss of MCT1 function is associated with pathologies of degeneration and injury of the nervous
system. In tumors, MCT1 regulates the activity of signaling pathways and controls the exchange of monocarboxylates
in aerobic glycolysis to affect tumor metabolism, proliferation and invasion. Meanwhile, MCT1 also acts as a
good biomarker for the prediction and diagnosis of cancer progressions.
Conclusion:
MCT1 is an attractive transporter in brain diseases and cancers. Moreover, the development of MCT1-
based small molecule drugs and MCT1 inhibitors in the clinic is promising. This review systematically summarizes
the basic characteristics of MCT1 and its role in brain diseases and cancers, laying the foundation for further research
on MCT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Dongyang Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhenjie Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Cong Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chutong Tian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qikun Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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24
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Anand A, Sugumaran A, Narayanasamy D. Brain targeted delivery of anticancer drugs: prospective approach using solid lipid nanoparticles. IET Nanobiotechnol 2019; 13:353-362. [PMID: 31171738 PMCID: PMC8676006 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2018.5322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
A brain tumour is amongst most devastating and challenging condition to overcome with suitable treatment as the drug has to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) with several physiological barriers like opsonisation by the reticuloendothelial system. Presently various techniques such as surgical, chemotherapeutic agents, and radiotherapy techniques have performed to extend the lifespan of patients diagnosed with glioblastoma, which did not maximise the overall survival of patients with a tumour. Nanotechnology is relied upon to diminish the requirement for intrusive methods for conveyance of therapeutics to the central nervous system. Colloidal nanocarriers sizing range 1-1000 nm have been utilised to cross BBB delivers the drug at cell levels with enhanced bioavailability and reduced toxicity. However, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are considered a highly flexible carrier for more successful remedially in brain tumour. The treatment of a brain tumour via SLNs is gaining greater potency due to its inimitable size and lipidic nature. This review focuses and represents the current strategies of SLNs in the brain tumour treatment with appropriate techniques adopted are highlighted. Based on this review, the authors concluded that SLNs embrace exclusive promising lipidic nanocarrier that could be utilised to target a brain tumour effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupriya Anand
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Abimanyu Sugumaran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India.
| | - Damodharan Narayanasamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
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Kou L, Bhutia YD, Yao Q, He Z, Sun J, Ganapathy V. Transporter-Guided Delivery of Nanoparticles to Improve Drug Permeation across Cellular Barriers and Drug Exposure to Selective Cell Types. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:27. [PMID: 29434548 PMCID: PMC5791163 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted nano-drug delivery systems conjugated with specific ligands to target selective cell-surface receptors or transporters could enhance the efficacy of drug delivery and therapy. Transporters are expressed differentially on the cell-surface of different cell types, and also specific transporters are expressed at higher than normal levels in selective cell types under pathological conditions. They also play a key role in intestinal absorption, delivery via non-oral routes (e.g., pulmonary route and nasal route), and transfer across biological barriers (e.g., blood–brain barrier and blood–retinal barrier. As such, the cell-surface transporters represent ideal targets for nano-drug delivery systems to facilitate drug delivery to selective cell types under normal or pathological conditions and also to avoid off-target adverse side effects of the drugs. There is increasing evidence in recent years supporting the utility of cell-surface transporters in the field of nano-drug delivery to increase oral bioavailability, to improve transfer across the blood–brain barrier, and to enhance delivery of therapeutics in a cell-type selective manner in disease states. Here we provide a comprehensive review of recent advancements in this interesting and important area. We also highlight certain key aspects that need to be taken into account for optimal development of transporter-assisted nano-drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfa Kou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Municipal Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yangzom D Bhutia
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Qing Yao
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Vadivel Ganapathy
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
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Sumera, Anwar A, Ovais M, Khan A, Raza A. Docetaxel‐loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: a novel drug delivery system. IET Nanobiotechnol 2017; 11:621-629. [PMCID: PMC8676273 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2017.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few years, taxanes have emerged as a new class of anticancer drugs. Docetaxel (DTX) the prototype of this class has been approved for the treatment of broad range of cancers. However, to date the commercial preparation of DTX (Taxotere®) is accompanying adverse side effects, intolerance, and poor solubility, which can be overcome by encapsulating them using solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). SLNs represent versatile delivery system of drugs with newer forms such as polymer–solid lipid hybrid, surface modified and long circulating nanoparticles bringing forth improved prospects for cancer chemotherapy. In this review, the authors have discussed the current uses of various SLNs formulations of DTX with key emphasis on controlled and site‐specific drug delivery along with enhanced antitumour activity elucidated via in vitro and in vivo studies. Furthermore, the review article highlights few approaches that can be used in combination with existing DTX‐loaded SLNs to supplement DTX drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumera
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of SwabiSwabi23430Pakistan
| | - Amania Anwar
- Atta‐ur‐Rehman School of Applied BiosciencesNational University of Science and TechnologyIslamabad44000Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ovais
- Department of BiotechnologyFaculty of Biological SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam UniversityIslamabad45320Pakistan
| | - Abad Khan
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of SwabiSwabi23430Pakistan
| | - Abida Raza
- Nanotheragnostics LabNational Institute of Lasers and OptronicsPakistan Atomic Energy CommissionIslamabad44000Pakistan
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Augmented delivery of gemcitabine in lung cancer cells exploring mannose anchored solid lipid nanoparticles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 481:107-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Dhaundiyal A, Jena SK, Samal SK, Sonvane B, Chand M, Sangamwar AT. Alpha-lipoic acid–stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery: formulation, optimization, in-vivo pharmacokinetic and hepatotoxicity study. J Pharm Pharmacol 2016; 68:1535-1550. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This study was designed to demonstrate the potential of novel α-lipoic acid–stearylamine (ALA-SA) conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles in modulating the pharmacokinetics and hepatotoxicity of tamoxifen (TMX).
Methods
α-lipoic acid–stearylamine bioconjugate was synthesized via carbodiimide chemistry and used as a lipid moiety for the generation of TMX-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (TMX-SLNs). TMX-SLNs were prepared by solvent emulsification–diffusion method and optimized for maximum drug loading using rotatable central composite design. The optimized TMX-SLNs were stabilized using 10% w/w trehalose as cryoprotectant. In addition, pharmacokinetics and hepatotoxicity of freeze-dried TMX-SLNs were also evaluated in Sprague Dawley rats.
Key findings
Initial characterization with transmission electron microscopy revealed spherical morphology with smooth surface having an average particle size of 261.08 ± 2.13 nm. The observed entrapment efficiency was 40.73 ± 2.83%. In-vitro release study showed TMX release was slow and pH dependent. Pharmacokinetic study revealed a 1.59-fold increase in relative bioavailability as compared to TMX suspension. A decrease in hepatotoxicity of TMX is evidenced by the histopathological evaluation of liver tissues.
Conclusions
α-lipoic acid–stearylamine conjugate-based SLNs have a great potential in enhancing the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs like TMX. Moreover, this ALA-SA nanoparticulate system could be of significant value in long-term anticancer therapy with least side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Dhaundiyal
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Sunil K Jena
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Sanjaya K Samal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Bhavin Sonvane
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Mahesh Chand
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Abhay T Sangamwar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, India
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Ghalamfarsa G, Hojjat-Farsangi M, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi M, Anvari E, Farhadi S, Yousefi M, Jadidi-Niaragh F. Application of nanomedicine for crossing the blood–brain barrier: Theranostic opportunities in multiple sclerosis. J Immunotoxicol 2016; 13:603-19. [DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2016.1159264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Ghalamfarsa
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hojjat-Farsangi
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Immune and Gene Therapy Lab, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mousa Mohammadnia-Afrouzi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Enayat Anvari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Shohreh Farhadi
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Tehran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Geszke-Moritz M, Moritz M. Solid lipid nanoparticles as attractive drug vehicles: Composition, properties and therapeutic strategies. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 68:982-994. [PMID: 27524099 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.05.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This work briefly reviews up-to-date developments in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) as effective nanocolloidal system for drug delivery. It summarizes SLNs in terms of their preparation, surface modification and properties. The application of SLNs as a carrier system enables to improve the therapeutic efficacy of drugs from various therapeutic groups. Present uses of SLNs include cancer therapy, dermatology, bacterial infections, brain targeting and eye disorders among others. The usage of SLNs provides enhanced pharmacokinetic properties and modulated release of drugs. SLN ubiquitous application results from their specific features such as possibility of surface modification, increased permeation through biological barriers, resistance to chemical degradation, possibility of co-delivery of various therapeutic agents or stimuli-responsiveness. This paper will be useful to the scientists working in the domain of SLN-based drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michał Moritz
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, Poland.
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Sharma G, Lakkadwala S, Modgil A, Singh J. The Role of Cell-Penetrating Peptide and Transferrin on Enhanced Delivery of Drug to Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060806. [PMID: 27231900 PMCID: PMC4926340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The challenge of effectively delivering therapeutic agents to brain has led to an entire field of active research devoted to overcome the blood brain barrier (BBB) and efficiently deliver drugs to brain. This review focusses on exploring the facets of a novel platform designed for the delivery of drugs to brain. The platform was constructed based on the hypothesis that a combination of receptor-targeting agent, like transferrin protein, and a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) will enhance the delivery of associated therapeutic cargo across the BBB. The combination of these two agents in a delivery vehicle has shown significantly improved (p < 0.05) translocation of small molecules and genes into brain as compared to the vehicle with only receptor-targeting agents. The comprehensive details of the uptake mechanisms and properties of various CPPs are illustrated here. The application of this technology, in conjunction with nanotechnology, can potentially open new horizons for the treatment of central nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitanjali Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA.
| | - Sushant Lakkadwala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA.
| | - Amit Modgil
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Jagdish Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA.
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Li X, Tsibouklis J, Weng T, Zhang B, Yin G, Feng G, Cui Y, Savina IN, Mikhalovska LI, Sandeman SR, Howel CA, Mikhalovsky SV. Nano carriers for drug transport across the blood-brain barrier. J Drug Target 2016; 25:17-28. [PMID: 27126681 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2016.1184272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Effective therapy lies in achieving a therapeutic amount of drug to the proper site in the body and then maintaining the desired drug concentration for a sufficient time interval to be clinically effective for treatment. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) hinders most drugs from entering the central nervous system (CNS) from the blood stream, leading to the difficulty of delivering drugs to the brain via the circulatory system for the treatment, diagnosis and prevention of brain diseases. Several brain drug delivery approaches have been developed, such as intracerebral and intracerebroventricular administration, intranasal delivery and blood-to-brain delivery, as a result of transient BBB disruption induced by biological, chemical or physical stimuli such as zonula occludens toxin, mannitol, magnetic heating and ultrasound, but these approaches showed disadvantages of being dangerous, high cost and unsuitability for most brain diseases and drugs. The strategy of vector-mediated blood-to-brain delivery, which involves improving BBB permeability of the drug-carrier conjugate, can minimize side effects, such as being submicrometre objects that behave as a whole unit in terms of their transport and properties, nanomaterials, are promising carrier vehicles for direct drug transport across the intact BBB as a result of their potential to enter the brain capillary endothelial cells by means of normal endocytosis and transcytosis due to their small size, as well as their possibility of being functionalized with multiple copies of the drug molecule of interest. This review provids a concise discussion of nano carriers for drug transport across the intact BBB, various forms of nanomaterials including inorganic/solid lipid/polymeric nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, quantum dots, nanogels, liposomes, micelles, dendrimers, polymersomes and exosomes are critically evaluated, their mechanisms for drug transport across the BBB are reviewed, and the future directions of this area are fully discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Li
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering , Guangzhou , PR China.,b School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences , University of Portsmouth , Portsmouth , UK
| | - John Tsibouklis
- b School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences , University of Portsmouth , Portsmouth , UK
| | - Tingting Weng
- c Department of Chemical Engineering , Guangdong Petroleum and Chemical Technology Institute , Foshan , China
| | - Buning Zhang
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering , Guangzhou , PR China
| | - Guoqiang Yin
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering , Guangzhou , PR China
| | - Guangzhu Feng
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering , Guangzhou , PR China
| | - Yingde Cui
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering , Guangzhou , PR China
| | - Irina N Savina
- d School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science , University of Brighton , Brighton , UK
| | - Lyuba I Mikhalovska
- d School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science , University of Brighton , Brighton , UK
| | - Susan R Sandeman
- d School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science , University of Brighton , Brighton , UK
| | - Carol A Howel
- d School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science , University of Brighton , Brighton , UK
| | - Sergey V Mikhalovsky
- d School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science , University of Brighton , Brighton , UK.,e School of Engineering , Nazarbayev Uiversity , Astana , Kazakhstan
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33
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Singh I, Swami R, Pooja D, Jeengar MK, Khan W, Sistla R. Lactoferrin bioconjugated solid lipid nanoparticles: a new drug delivery system for potential brain targeting. J Drug Target 2015. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1068320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Indu Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India,
| | - Rajan Swami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India,
| | - Deep Pooja
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India, and
| | - Manish Kumar Jeengar
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Wahid Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India,
| | - Ramakrishna Sistla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India,
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India, and
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34
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Leyva-Gómez G, Cortés H, Magaña JJ, Leyva-García N, Quintanar-Guerrero D, Florán B. Nanoparticle technology for treatment of Parkinson's disease: the role of surface phenomena in reaching the brain. Drug Discov Today 2015; 20:824-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles grafted with single-chain antibody (scFv) and docetaxel loaded β-cyclodextrin potential for ovarian cancer dual-targeting therapy. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 42:325-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gastaldi L, Battaglia L, Peira E, Chirio D, Muntoni E, Solazzi I, Gallarate M, Dosio F. Solid lipid nanoparticles as vehicles of drugs to the brain: Current state of the art. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 87:433-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Lu CT, Zhao YZ, Wong HL, Cai J, Peng L, Tian XQ. Current approaches to enhance CNS delivery of drugs across the brain barriers. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:2241-57. [PMID: 24872687 PMCID: PMC4026551 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s61288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many agents have therapeutic potentials for central nervous system (CNS) diseases, few of these agents have been clinically used because of the brain barriers. As the protective barrier of the CNS, the blood–brain barrier and the blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier maintain the brain microenvironment, neuronal activity, and proper functioning of the CNS. Different strategies for efficient CNS delivery have been studied. This article reviews the current approaches to open or facilitate penetration across these barriers for enhanced drug delivery to the CNS. These approaches are summarized into three broad categories: noninvasive, invasive, and miscellaneous techniques. The progresses made using these approaches are reviewed, and the associated mechanisms and problems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Tao Lu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Zheng Zhao
- Hainan Medical College, Haikou City, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China ; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ho Lun Wong
- School of Pharmacy, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jun Cai
- Departments of Pediatrics and Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Lei Peng
- Hainan Medical College, Haikou City, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Qiao Tian
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
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Peptide conjugated polymeric nanoparticles as a carrier for targeted delivery of docetaxel. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 117:166-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Mishra D, Hubenak JR, Mathur AB. Nanoparticle systems as tools to improve drug delivery and therapeutic efficacy. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:3646-60. [PMID: 23878102 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems are appealing because, among other properties, they are easily manufactured and have the capacity to encapsulate a wide variety of drugs, many of which are not directly miscible with water. This review classifies nanoparticles into three broad categories based upon material composition: bio-inspired systems, synthetic systems, and inorganic systems. Each has distinct properties suitable for drug delivery applications, including their structure, composition, and pharmacokinetics (including clearance and uptake mechanisms), making each uniquely suitable for certain types of drugs. Furthermore, nanoparticles can be customized, making them ideal for a variety of applications. Advantages and disadvantages of the different systems are discussed. Strategies for improving nanoparticle efficacy include adding targeting agents on the nanoparticle surface, altering the degradation profile to control drug release, or PEGylating the surface to increase circulation times and reduce immediate clearance by the kidneys. The future of nanoparticle systems seems to be focused on further improving overall patient outcome by increasing delivery accuracy to the target area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Mishra
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 602, Houston, Texas, 77030
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40
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Kuo YC, Wang CC. Cationic solid lipid nanoparticles with cholesterol-mediated surface layer for transporting saquinavir to the brain. Biotechnol Prog 2013; 30:198-206. [PMID: 24167123 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol-mediated cationic solid lipid nanoparticles (CSLNs) were formulated with esterquat 1 (EQ 1) and stearylamine as positively charged external layers on hydrophobic internal cores of cacao butter. These CSLNs were employed to deliver saquinavir (SQV) to the brain. The permeability of SQV across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) using SQV-loaded CSLNs (SQV-CSLNs) was estimated with an in vitro model of a monolayer of human brain-microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) regulated by human astrocytes. The results revealed that the average diameter of SQV-CSLNs diminished when the weight percentage of cholesterol and EQ 1 increased. The morphological images indicated a uniform size of SQV-CSLNs with compact lipid structure. In addition, an increasing weight percentage of cholesterol and EQ 1 enhanced the zeta potential of SQV-CSLNs. The fluorescent staining demonstrated that HBMECs could internalize SQV-CSLNs. An increase in the weight percentage of cholesterol and EQ 1 also promoted the uptake of SQV-CSLNs by HBMECs. Moreover, a high content of cholesterol and EQ 1 in SQV-CSLNs increased the BBB permeability of SQV. The cholesterol-mediated SQV-CSLNs can be an efficacious drug delivery system for brain-targeting delivery of antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Kuo
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, 62102, Republic of China
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41
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Abstract
Docetaxel has been recognized as one of the most efficient anticancer drugs over the past decade; however, its poor water solubility and systemic toxicity have greatly limited its clinical application. In recent decades, the emergence of nanotechnology has provided new drug delivery systems for docetaxel, which can improve its water solubility, minimize the side effects and increase the tumor-targeting distribution by passive or active targeting. This review focuses on the research progress in nanoformulations related to docetaxel delivery – such as polymer-based, lipid-based, and lipid-polymer hybrid nanocarriers, as well as inorganic nanoparticles – addressing their structures, characteristics, preparation, physicochemical properties, methods by which drugs are loaded into them, and their in vitro and in vivo efficacies. Further, the targeted ligands used in the docetaxel nanoformulations, such as monoclonal antibodies, peptides, folic acid, transferrin, aptamers and hyaluronic acid, are described. The issues to overcome before docetaxel nanoformulations can be used in clinical and commercial applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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42
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Kumar S, Randhawa JK. High melting lipid based approach for drug delivery: Solid lipid nanoparticles. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:1842-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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