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Zhao Y, Zhou J, Jiang C, Xu T, Li K, Zhang D, Sheng B. Highly Sensitive and Flexible Capacitive Pressure Sensors Combined with Porous Structure and Hole Array Using Sacrificial Templates and Laser Ablation. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2369. [PMID: 39204589 PMCID: PMC11359779 DOI: 10.3390/polym16162369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Flexible, wearable pressure sensors offer numerous benefits, including superior sensing capabilities, a lightweight and compact design, and exceptional conformal properties, making them highly sought after in various applications including medical monitoring, human-computer interactions, and electronic skins. Because of their excellent characteristics, such as simple fabrication, low power consumption, and short response time, capacitive pressure sensors have received widespread attention. As a flexible polymer material, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is widely used in the preparation of dielectric layers for capacitive pressure sensors. The Young's modulus of the flexible polymer can be effectively decreased through the synergistic application of sacrificial template and laser ablation techniques, thereby improving the functionality of capacitive pressure sensors. In this study, a novel sensor was introduced. Its dielectric layer was developed through a series of processes, including the use of a sacrificial template method using NaCl microparticles and subsequent CO2 laser ablation. This porous PDMS dielectric layer, featuring an array of holes, was then sandwiched between two flexible electrodes to create a capacitive pressure sensor. The sensor demonstrates a sensitivity of 0.694 kPa-1 within the pressure range of 0-1 kPa and can effectively detect pressures ranging from 3 Pa to 200 kPa. The sensor demonstrates stability for up to 500 cycles, with a rapid response time of 96 ms and a recovery time of 118 ms, coupled with a low hysteresis of 6.8%. Furthermore, our testing indicates that the sensor possesses limitless potential for use in detecting human physiological activities and delivering signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Zhao
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.J.); (T.X.); (K.L.); (D.Z.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jingyu Zhou
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.J.); (T.X.); (K.L.); (D.Z.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Chenkai Jiang
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.J.); (T.X.); (K.L.); (D.Z.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Tianlong Xu
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.J.); (T.X.); (K.L.); (D.Z.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Kaixin Li
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.J.); (T.X.); (K.L.); (D.Z.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.J.); (T.X.); (K.L.); (D.Z.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Bin Sheng
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.J.); (T.X.); (K.L.); (D.Z.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
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2
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Ray L, Geißler D, Zhou B, Lukowicz P, Greinke B. Origami single-end capacitive sensing for continuous shape estimation of morphing structures. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17448. [PMID: 39075071 PMCID: PMC11286859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67149-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, we propose a novel single-end morphing capacitive sensing method for shape tracking, FxC, by combining Folding origami structures and Capacitive sensing to detect the morphing structural motions using state-of-the-art sensing circuits and deep learning. It was observed through embedding areas of origami structures with conductive materials as single-end capacitive sensing patches, that the sensor signals change coherently with the motion of the structure. Different from other origami capacitors where the origami structures are used in adjusting the thickness of the dielectric layer of double-plate capacitors, FxC uses only a single conductive plate per channel, and the origami structure directly changes the geometry of the conductive plate. We examined the operation principle of morphing single-end capacitors through 3D geometry simulation combined with physics theoretical deduction, which deduced similar behavior as observed in experimentation. Then a software pipeline was developed to use the sensor signals to reconstruct the dynamic structural geometry through data-driven deep neural network regression of geometric primitives extracted from vision tracking. We created multiple folding patterns to validate our approach, based on folding patterns including Accordion, Chevron, Sunray and V-Fold patterns with different layouts of capacitive sensors using paper-based and textile-based materials. Experimentation results show that the geometry primitives predicted from the capacitive signals have a strong correlation with the visual ground truth with R-squared value of up to 95% and tracking error of 6.5 mm for patches. The simulation and machine learning constitute two-way information exchange between the sensing signals and structural geometry. By embedding part of the origami surface with morphing single-end capacitive sensors, FxC presents a unique solution that leverages both the mechanical properties of origami and sensing properties of capacitive sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lala Ray
- German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Embedded Intelligence, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Daniel Geißler
- German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Embedded Intelligence, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Bo Zhou
- German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Embedded Intelligence, Kaiserslautern, Germany
- RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Paul Lukowicz
- German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Embedded Intelligence, Kaiserslautern, Germany
- RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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3
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Bica I, Anitas EM, Iacobescu GE. Electrical Capacitors Based on Silicone Oil and Iron Oxide Microfibers: Effects of the Magnetic Field on the Electrical Susceptance and Conductance. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:953. [PMID: 39203604 PMCID: PMC11355977 DOI: 10.3390/mi15080953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents the fabrication and characterization of plane capacitors utilizing magnetodielectric materials composed of magnetizable microfibers dispersed within a silicone oil matrix. The microfibers, with a mean diameter of about 0.94 μm, comprise hematite (α-Fe2O3), maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), and magnetite (Fe3O4). This study investigates the electrical behavior of these capacitors under the influence of an external magnetic field superimposed on a medium-frequency alternating electric field, across four distinct volume concentrations of microfibers. Electrical capacitance and resistance measurements were conducted every second over a 60-s interval, revealing significant dependencies on both the quantity of magnetizable phase and the applied magnetic flux density. Furthermore, the temporal stability of the capacitors' characteristics is demonstrated. The obtained data are analyzed to determine the electrical conductance and susceptance of the capacitors, elucidating their sensitivity to variations in microfiber concentration and magnetic field strength. To provide theoretical insight into the observed phenomena, a model based on dipolar approximations is proposed. This model effectively explains the underlying physical mechanisms governing the electrical properties of the capacitors. These findings offer valuable insights into the design and optimization of magnetodielectric-based capacitors for diverse applications in microelectronics and sensor technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioan Bica
- Department of Physics, West University of Timisoara, V. Parvan Avenue 4, 300223 Timisoara, Romania;
- Department of Physics, Craiova University, A. I. Cuza Street 13, 200585 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Eugen Mircea Anitas
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
- Horia Hulubei, National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077125 Magurele, Romania
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Kumar V, Alam MN, Park SS. Review of Recent Progress on Silicone Rubber Composites for Multifunctional Sensor Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1841. [PMID: 39000697 PMCID: PMC11244113 DOI: 10.3390/polym16131841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The latest progress (the year 2021-2024) on multifunctional sensors based on silicone rubber is reported. These multifunctional sensors are useful for real-time monitoring through relative resistance, relative current change, and relative capacitance types. The present review contains a brief overview and literature survey on the sensors and their multifunctionalities. This contains an introduction to the different functionalities of these sensors. Following the introduction, the survey on the types of filler or rubber and their fabrication are briefly described. The coming section deals with the fabrication methodology of these composites where the sensors are integrated. The special focus on mechanical and electro-mechanical properties is discussed. Electro-mechanical properties with a special focus on response time, linearity, and gauge factor are reported. The next section of this review reports the filler dispersion and its role in influencing the properties and applications of these sensors. Finally, various types of sensors are briefly reported. These sensors are useful for monitoring human body motions, breathing activity, environment or breathing humidity, organic gas sensing, and, finally, smart textiles. Ultimately, the study summarizes the key takeaway from this review article. These conclusions are focused on the merits and demerits of the sensors and are followed by their future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Kumar
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Najib Alam
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Shin Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
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Del Bosque A, Sánchez-Romate XF, Sánchez M, Ureña A. Toward flexible piezoresistive strain sensors based on polymer nanocomposites: a review on fundamentals, performance, and applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:292003. [PMID: 38621367 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad3e87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The fundamentals, performance, and applications of piezoresistive strain sensors based on polymer nanocomposites are summarized herein. The addition of conductive nanoparticles to a flexible polymer matrix has emerged as a possible alternative to conventional strain gauges, which have limitations in detecting small strain levels and adapting to different surfaces. The evaluation of the properties or performance parameters of strain sensors such as the elongation at break, sensitivity, linearity, hysteresis, transient response, stability, and durability are explained in this review. Moreover, these nanocomposites can be exposed to different environmental conditions throughout their lifetime, including different temperature, humidity or acidity/alkalinity levels, that can affect performance parameters. The development of flexible piezoresistive sensors based on nanocomposites has emerged in recent years for applications related to the biomedical field, smart robotics, and structural health monitoring. However, there are still challenges to overcome in designing high-performance flexible sensors for practical implementation. Overall, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of research on flexible piezoresistive strain sensors based on polymer nanocomposites, which can be a viable option to address some of the major technological challenges that the future holds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Del Bosque
- Technology, Instruction and Design in Engineering and Education Research Group (TiDEE.rg), Catholic University of Ávila, C/Canteros s/n, E-05005 Ávila, Spain
| | - Xoan F Sánchez-Romate
- Materials Science and Engineering Area, Higher School of Experimental Sciences and Technology, Rey Juan Carlos University, C/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, E-28933 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Sánchez
- Materials Science and Engineering Area, Higher School of Experimental Sciences and Technology, Rey Juan Carlos University, C/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, E-28933 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Tecnologías Para la Sostenibilidad, Rey Juan Carlos University, C/Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Ureña
- Materials Science and Engineering Area, Higher School of Experimental Sciences and Technology, Rey Juan Carlos University, C/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, E-28933 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Tecnologías Para la Sostenibilidad, Rey Juan Carlos University, C/Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
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Li H, Ma C, Chen J, Wang H, Chen X, Li Z, Zhang Y. A Soft Robot Tactile Finger Using Oxidation-Reduction Graphene-Polyurethane Conductive Sponge. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:628. [PMID: 38793201 PMCID: PMC11123064 DOI: 10.3390/mi15050628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Currently, intelligent robotics is supplanting traditional industrial applications. It extends to business, service and care industries, and other fields. Stable robot grasping is a necessary prerequisite for all kinds of complex application scenarios. Herein, we propose a method for preparing an elastic porous material with adjustable conductivity, hardness, and elastic modulus. Based on this, we design a soft robot tactile fingertip that is gentle, highly sensitive, and has an adjustable range. It has excellent sensitivity (~1.089 kpa-1), fast response time (~35 ms), and measures minimum pressures up to 0.02 N and stability over 500 cycles. The baseline capacitance of a sensor of the same size can be increased by a factor of 5-6, and graphene adheres better to polyurethane sponge and has good shock absorption. In addition, we demonstrated the application of the tactile fingertip to a two-finger manipulator to achieve stable grasping. In this paper, we demonstrate the great potential of the soft robot tactile finger in the field of adaptive grasping for intelligent robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangze Li
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325025, China; (H.L.); (C.M.); (J.C.); (H.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Chaolin Ma
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325025, China; (H.L.); (C.M.); (J.C.); (H.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Jinmiao Chen
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325025, China; (H.L.); (C.M.); (J.C.); (H.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Haojie Wang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325025, China; (H.L.); (C.M.); (J.C.); (H.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Xiao Chen
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325025, China; (H.L.); (C.M.); (J.C.); (H.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Zhijing Li
- School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China;
| | - Youzhi Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325025, China; (H.L.); (C.M.); (J.C.); (H.W.); (X.C.)
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Navitski I, Ramanaviciute A, Ramanavicius S, Pogorielov M, Ramanavicius A. MXene-Based Chemo-Sensors and Other Sensing Devices. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:447. [PMID: 38470777 DOI: 10.3390/nano14050447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
MXenes have received worldwide attention across various scientific and technological fields since the first report of the synthesis of Ti3C2 nanostructures in 2011. The unique characteristics of MXenes, such as superior mechanical strength and flexibility, liquid-phase processability, tunable surface functionality, high electrical conductivity, and the ability to customize their properties, have led to the widespread development and exploration of their applications in energy storage, electronics, biomedicine, catalysis, and environmental technologies. The significant growth in publications related to MXenes over the past decade highlights the extensive research interest in this material. One area that has a great potential for improvement through the integration of MXenes is sensor design. Strain sensors, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, biosensors (both optical and electrochemical), gas sensors, and environmental pollution sensors targeted at volatile organic compounds (VOCs) could all gain numerous improvements from the inclusion of MXenes. This report delves into the current research landscape, exploring the advancements in MXene-based chemo-sensor technologies and examining potential future applications across diverse sensor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Navitski
- Department of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Sauletekio av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Institute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Agne Ramanaviciute
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Institute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Simonas Ramanavicius
- Department of Organic Chemistry, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Maksym Pogorielov
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sumy State University, 2, Kharkivska Str., 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
- Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, 3 Jelgavas St., LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Institute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Li YL, Min XH, Fan YJ, Dong JX, Wu D, Ren X, Ma HM, Gao ZF, Wei Q, Xia F, Ju H. Photocleavable DNA Nanotube-Based Dual-Amplified Resonance Rayleigh Scattering System for MicroRNA Detection Incorporating Molecular Computing-Cascaded Keypad Lock Functionality. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 38324019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Cascade molecular events in complex systems are of vital importance for enhancing molecular diagnosis and information processing. However, the conversion of a cascaded biosensing system into a multilayer encrypted molecular keypad lock remains a significant challenge in the development of molecular logic devices. In this study, we present a photocleavable DNA nanotube-based dual-amplified resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) system for detecting microRNA-126 (miR-126). The cascading dual-amplification biosensing system provides a multilayer-encrypted prototype with the functionality of a molecular computing cascade keypad lock. RRS signals were greatly amplified by using photocleavable DNA nanotubes and enzyme-assisted strand displacement amplification (SDA). In the presence of miR-126, enzyme-assisted SDA produced numerous identical nucleotide fragments as the target, which were then specifically attached to magnetic beads through the DNA nanotube by using a Y-shaped DNA scaffold. Upon ultraviolet irradiation, the DNA nanotube was released into the solution, resulting in an increase in the intensity of the RRS signal. This strategy demonstrated a low limit of detection (0.16 fM) and a wide dynamic range (1 fM to 1 nM) for miR-126. Impressively, the enzyme-assisted SDA offers a molecular computing model for generating the target pool, which serves as the input element for unlocking the system. By cascading the molecular computing process, we successfully constructed a molecular keypad lock with a multilevel authentication technique. The proposed system holds great potential for applications in molecular diagnosis and information security, indicating significant value in integrating molecular circuits for intelligent sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Xue Hong Min
- Equine Science Research and Doping Control Center, Wuhan Business University, Wuhan 430056, P. R. China
| | - Ya Jie Fan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Xue Dong
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Hong Min Ma
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Qin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Fan Xia
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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Mahato R, Masiul Islam S, Maurya RK, Kumar S, Purohit G, Singh S. Flexible piezo-resistive strain sensors using all-polydimethylsiloxane based hybrid nanocomposites for wearable electronics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 26:95-104. [PMID: 38054271 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04158a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
We report flexible piezo-resistive strain sensors composed of silver nanoparticle (Ag NP), graphene nanoplatelet (GNP), and multi walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-based ternary conductive hybrid nanocomposites as an active sensing layer fabricated using a simple solution processing method on flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates. The electrical characteristics have been studied in PDMS-based flexible devices having three different kinds of structures, namely Ag NPs/MWCNT/PDMS, GNP/PDMS and Ag NPs/GNP/PDMS. The microscopic analysis of the hybrid nanocomposites is undertaken using field emission scanning electron microscopy. The diameter of the CNTs is found to be in the range of 20-40 nm, whereas the length is determined to be 100-800 nm. The average diameter and length of the GNPs are observed to be 30-50 nm and 100-500 nm, respectively. The crystallite size of the silver nanoparticles in the Ag NPs/MWCNT/PDMS and Ag NPs/GNP/PDMS-based nanocomposites is determined to be 22.8 nm and 29.1 nm, respectively. The prepared sample of Ag NPs shows four distinct peaks in the X-ray diffraction pattern, which correspond to the (111), (200), (220), and (311) face-centered cubic (FCC) crystalline planes. Raman spectroscopy is undertaken to study the fundamental physical properties and chemical analysis of the nanocomposites. Ag NPs/GNP/PDMS-based sensors exhibit superior performance in terms of sensitivity, response and recovery time during breathing/unbreathing analysis. The large surface area of the Ag NPs and GNPs promotes uniform distribution of Ag NPs to fill into the porous GNP surface, thereby facilitating high contact area along with better electron transport in the Ag NPs/GNP/PDMS hybrid nanocomposite-based sensors. The gauge factor (GF), response and recovery time of the Ag NPs/GNP/PDMS hybrid nanocomposite-based sensors are determined to be 221, 130 ms and 119 ms, respectively. The ternary conductive nanocomposite-based sensors are free from the drawbacks of binary nanocomposite-based sensors where the high percolation threshold and poor mechanical behaviour lead to the degradation of the device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Mahato
- Semiconductor Sensors and Microsystems Group, CSIR-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-CEERI), Pilani, Rajasthan-333031, India.
| | - Sk Masiul Islam
- Semiconductor Sensors and Microsystems Group, CSIR-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-CEERI), Pilani, Rajasthan-333031, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CEERI Campus, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Ranjan Kumar Maurya
- Semiconductor Sensors and Microsystems Group, CSIR-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-CEERI), Pilani, Rajasthan-333031, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CEERI Campus, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CEERI Campus, Pilani 333031, India
- Semiconductor Process Technology Group, CSIR-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-CEERI), Pilani, Rajasthan-333031, India
| | - Gaurav Purohit
- Advanced Information Technologies Group, CSIR-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-CEERI), Pilani, Rajasthan-333031, India
| | - Sumitra Singh
- Semiconductor Sensors and Microsystems Group, CSIR-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-CEERI), Pilani, Rajasthan-333031, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CEERI Campus, Pilani 333031, India
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10
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Tovar-Lopez FJ. Recent Progress in Micro- and Nanotechnology-Enabled Sensors for Biomedical and Environmental Challenges. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:5406. [PMID: 37420577 DOI: 10.3390/s23125406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Micro- and nanotechnology-enabled sensors have made remarkable advancements in the fields of biomedicine and the environment, enabling the sensitive and selective detection and quantification of diverse analytes. In biomedicine, these sensors have facilitated disease diagnosis, drug discovery, and point-of-care devices. In environmental monitoring, they have played a crucial role in assessing air, water, and soil quality, as well as ensured food safety. Despite notable progress, numerous challenges persist. This review article addresses recent developments in micro- and nanotechnology-enabled sensors for biomedical and environmental challenges, focusing on enhancing basic sensing techniques through micro/nanotechnology. Additionally, it explores the applications of these sensors in addressing current challenges in both biomedical and environmental domains. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for further research to expand the detection capabilities of sensors/devices, enhance sensitivity and selectivity, integrate wireless communication and energy-harvesting technologies, and optimize sample preparation, material selection, and automated components for sensor design, fabrication, and characterization.
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11
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Vaghasiya JV, Mayorga-Martinez CC, Vyskočil J, Pumera M. Black phosphorous-based human-machine communication interface. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2. [PMID: 36596775 PMCID: PMC9810665 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34482-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Assistive technology involving auditory feedback is generally utilized by those who are visually impaired or have speech and language difficulties. Therefore, here we concentrate on an auditory human-machine interface that uses audio as a platform for conveying information between visually or speech-disabled users and society. We develop a piezoresistive tactile sensor based on a black phosphorous and polyaniline (BP@PANI) composite by the facile chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline on cotton fabric. Taking advantage of BP's puckered honeycomb lattice structure and superior electrical properties as well as the vast wavy fabric surface, this BP@PANI-based tactile sensor exhibits excellent sensitivity, low-pressure sensitivity, reasonable response time, and good cycle stability. For a real-world application, a prototype device employs six BP@PANI tactile sensors that correspond to braille characters and can convert pressed text into audio on reading or typing to assist visually or speech-disabled persons. Overall, this research offers promising insight into the material candidates and strategies for the development of auditory feedback devices based on layered and 2D materials for human-machine interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayraj V Vaghasiya
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Carmen C Mayorga-Martinez
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vyskočil
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic. .,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea. .,Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 70800, Ostrava, Czech Republic. .,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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12
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Owida HA. Biomechanical Sensing Systems for Cardiac Activity Monitoring. Int J Biomater 2022; 2022:8312564. [PMID: 36438068 PMCID: PMC9699781 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8312564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is consistently ranked high among the causes of death on a global scale. Monitoring of cardiovascular signs throughout the course of a long period of time and in real time is necessary in order to discover anomalies and begin early intervention at the appropriate time. To this purpose, a significant amount of interest among researchers has been directed toward the creation of flexible sensors that may be worn or implanted and are capable of constant, immediate observation of a variety of main physiological indicators. The real-time readings of the heart and arteries' pressure fluctuations can be reflected directly by mechanical sensors, which are one of the many types of sensors. Potential benefits of mechanical sensors include excellent accuracy and considerable versatility. Capacitive, piezoresistive, piezoelectric, and triboelectric principles are the foundations of the four types of mechanical sensors that are discussed in this article as recent developments for the purpose of monitoring the cardiovascular system. The biomechanical systems that are present in the cardiovascular system are then detailed, along with their monitoring, and this includes blood and endocardial pressure, pulse wave, and heart rhythm. In conclusion, we examine the usefulness of the use of continuous health monitoring for the treatment of vascular disease and highlight the difficulties associated with its translation into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Abu Owida
- Medical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
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13
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Ullah H, Wahab MA, Will G, Karim MR, Pan T, Gao M, Lai D, Lin Y, Miraz MH. Recent Advances in Stretchable and Wearable Capacitive Electrophysiological Sensors for Long-Term Health Monitoring. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12080630. [PMID: 36005025 PMCID: PMC9406032 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Over the past several years, wearable electrophysiological sensors with stretchability have received significant research attention because of their capability to continuously monitor electrophysiological signals from the human body with minimal body motion artifacts, long-term tracking, and comfort for real-time health monitoring. Among the four different sensors, i.e., piezoresistive, piezoelectric, iontronic, and capacitive, capacitive sensors are the most advantageous owing to their reusability, high durability, device sterilization ability, and minimum leakage currents between the electrode and the body to reduce the health risk arising from any short circuit. This review focuses on the development of wearable, flexible capacitive sensors for monitoring electrophysiological conditions, including the electrode materials and configuration, the sensing mechanisms, and the fabrication strategies. In addition, several design strategies of flexible/stretchable electrodes, body-to-electrode signal transduction, and measurements have been critically evaluated. We have also highlighted the gaps and opportunities needed for enhancing the suitability and practical applicability of wearable capacitive sensors. Finally, the potential applications, research challenges, and future research directions on stretchable and wearable capacitive sensors are outlined in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadaate Ullah
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Md A. Wahab
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, George St Brisbane, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Will
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, George St Brisbane, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Mohammad R. Karim
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR), King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- K.A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taisong Pan
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Min Gao
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Dakun Lai
- Biomedical Imaging and Electrophysiology Laboratory, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Medico-Engineering Corporation on Applied Medicine Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Mahdi H. Miraz
- School of Computing and Data Science, Xiamen University Malaysia, Bandar Sunsuria, Sepang 43900, Malaysia
- School of Computing, Faculty of Arts, Science and Technology, Wrexham Glyndŵr University, Wrexham LL112AW, UK
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Batch Fabrication of a Polydimethylsiloxane Based Stretchable Capacitive Strain Gauge Sensor for Orthopedics. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122326. [PMID: 35745901 PMCID: PMC9228458 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer-based capacitive strain gauges are a novel and promising concept for measuring large displacements and strains in various applications. These novel sensors allow for high strain, well above the maximum values achieved with state-of-the-art strain gauges (Typ. 1%). In recent years, a lot of interest in this technology has existed in orthopedics, where the sensors have been used to measure knee laxity caused by a tear of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), and for other ligament injuries. The validation of this technology in the field has a very low level of maturity, as no fast, reproducible, and reliable manufacturing process which allows mass production of sensors with low cost exists. For this reason, in this paper, a new approach for the fabrication of polymer-based capacitive strain gauges is proposed, using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as base material. It allows (1) the fast manufacturing of sensor batches with reproducible geometry, (2) includes a fabrication step for embedding rigid electrical contacts on the sensors, and (3) is designed to produce sensor batches in which the size, the number, and the position of the sensors can be adapted to the patient’s anatomy. In the paper, the process repeatability and the robustness of the design are successfully proven. After 1000 large-strain elongation cycles, in the form of accelerated testing caused much higher strains than in the above-mentioned clinical scenario, the sensor’s electrical contacts remained in place and the functionalities were unaltered. Moreover, the prototype of a patient customizable patch, embedding multiple sensors, was produced.
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