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Xia X, Yang X, Gao W, Huang W, Xia X, Yan D. A novel HER2 targeting nanoagent self-assembled from affibody-epothilone B conjugate for cancer therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:502. [PMID: 39169343 PMCID: PMC11337599 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02754-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Epothilone B (Epo B), a promising antitumor compound effective against various types of cancer cells in vitro. However, its poor selectivity for tumor cells and inadequate therapeutic windows significantly limit its potential clinical application. Affibody is a class of non-immunoglobulin affinity proteins with precise targeting capability to overexpressed molecular receptors on cancer cells, has been intensively investigated due to its exceptional affinity properties. In this study, we present a targeted nanoagent self-assembled from the precursor of an affibody conjugated with Epo B via a linker containing the thioketal (tk) group that is sensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS). The core-shell structure of the ZHER2:342-Epo B Affibody-Drug Conjugate Nanoagent (Z-E ADCN), with the cytotoxin Epo B encapsulated within the ZHER2:342 affibody corona, leads to significantly reduced side effects on normal organs. Moreover, the abundant presence of ZHER2:342 on the surface effectively enhances the targeting capacity and tumor accumulation of the drug. Z-E ADCN can be internalized by cancer cells via HER2 receptor-mediated endocytosis followed by Epo B release in response to high levels of ROS, resulting in excellent anticancer efficacy in HER2-positive tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Deyue Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
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Omar Khudhur Z, Ziyad Abdulqadir S, Faqiyazdin Ahmed Mzury A, Aziz Rasoul A, Wasman Smail S, Ghayour MB, Abdolmaleki A. Epothilone B loaded in acellular nerve allograft enhanced sciatic nerve regeneration in rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2024; 38:307-319. [PMID: 37857403 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epothilone B (EpoB) is a microtubule-stabilizing agent with neuroprotective properties. OBJECTIVES This study examines the regenerative properties of ANA supplemented with EpoB on a sciatic nerve deficit in male Wistar rats. METHODS For this purpose, the 10 mm nerve gap was filled with acellular nerve allografts (ANAs) containing EpoB at 0.1, 1, and 10 nM concentrations. The sensorimotor recovery was evaluated up to 16 weeks after the operation. Real-time PCR, histomorphometry analysis, and electrophysiological evaluation were also used to evaluate the process of nerve regeneration. RESULTS ANA/EpoB (0.1 nM) significantly improved sensorimotor recovery in rats compared to ANA, ANA/EpoB (1 nM), and ANA/EpoB (10 nM) groups. This led to reduced muscle atrophy, improved sciatic functional index, and thermal paw withdrawal reflex latency, indicating nerve regeneration and target organ reinnervation. The electrophysiological and histomorphometry findings also confirmed the ANA/EpoB regenerative properties (0.1 nM). EpoB only enhanced ANA regenerative properties at 0.1 nM, with no therapeutic effects at higher concentrations. CONCLUSION Totally, we concluded that ANA loaded with 0.1 nM EpoB can effectively reconstruct the transected sciatic nerve in rats, likely by enhancing axonal sprouting and extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikal Omar Khudhur
- Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Education, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | | | | | | | - Shukur Wasman Smail
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Iraq
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Science, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Mohammad B Ghayour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arash Abdolmaleki
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Namin, Iran
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Robles-Gómez ÁA, Ordaz B, Lorea-Hernández JJ, Peña-Ortega F. Deleterious and protective effects of epothilone-D alone and in the context of amyloid β- and tau-induced alterations. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1198299. [PMID: 37900942 PMCID: PMC10603193 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1198299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau (P-tau) are Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers that interact in a complex manner to induce most of the cognitive and brain alterations observed in this disease. Since the neuronal cytoskeleton is a common downstream pathological target of tau and Aβ, which mostly lead to augmented microtubule instability, the administration of microtubule stabilizing agents (MSAs) can protect against their pathological actions. However, the effectiveness of MSAs is still uncertain due to their state-dependent negative effects; thus, evaluating their specific actions in different pathological or physiological conditions is required. We evaluated whether epothilone-D (Epo-D), a clinically used MSA, rescues from the functional and behavioral alterations produced by intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ, the presence of P-tau, or their combination in rTg4510 mice. We also explored the side effects of Epo-D. To do so, we evaluated hippocampal-dependent spatial memory with the Hebb-Williams maze, hippocampal CA1 integrity and the intrinsic and synaptic properties of CA1 pyramidal neurons with the patch-clamp technique. Aβ and P-tau mildly impaired memory retrieval, but produced contrasting effects on intrinsic excitability. When Aβ and P-tau were combined, the alterations in excitability and spatial reversal learning (i.e., cognitive flexibility) were exacerbated. Interestingly, Epo-D prevented most of the impairments induced Aβ and P-tau alone and combined. However, Epo-D also exhibited some side effects depending on the prevailing pathological or physiological condition, which should be considered in future preclinical and translational studies. Although we did not perform extensive histopathological evaluations or measured microtubule stability, our findings show that MSAs can rescue the consequences of AD-like conditions but otherwise be harmful if administered at a prodromal stage of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Abdiel Robles-Gómez
- Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, México City, Mexico
| | - Benito Ordaz
- Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
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Soliman A, Bakota L, Brandt R. Microtubule-modulating Agents in the Fight Against Neurodegeneration: Will it ever Work? Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:782-798. [PMID: 34852744 PMCID: PMC9878958 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666211201101020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The microtubule skeleton plays an essential role in nerve cells as the most important structural determinant of morphology and as a highway for axonal transport processes. Many neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by changes in the structure and organization of microtubules and microtubule-regulating proteins such as the microtubule-associated protein tau, which exhibits characteristic changes in a whole class of diseases collectively referred to as tauopathies. Changes in the dynamics of microtubules appear to occur early under neurodegenerative conditions and are also likely to contribute to age-related dysfunction of neurons. Thus, modulating microtubule dynamics and correcting impaired microtubule stability can be a useful neuroprotective strategy to counteract the disruption of the microtubule system in disease and aging. In this article, we review current microtubule- directed approaches for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases with microtubules as a drug target, tau as a drug target, and post-translational modifications as potential modifiers of the microtubule system. We discuss limitations of the approaches that can be traced back to the rather unspecific mechanism of action, which causes undesirable side effects in non-neuronal cell types or which are due to the disruption of non-microtubule-related interactions. We also develop some thoughts on how the specificity of the approaches can be improved and what further targets could be used for modulating substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Soliman
- Department of Neurobiology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Lidia Bakota
- Department of Neurobiology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Roland Brandt
- Department of Neurobiology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany;,Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany;,Institute of Cognitive Science, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany,Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Neurobiology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany; Tel: +49 541 969 2338; E-mail:
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5
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Peña-Ortega F, Robles-Gómez ÁA, Xolalpa-Cueva L. Microtubules as Regulators of Neural Network Shape and Function: Focus on Excitability, Plasticity and Memory. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060923. [PMID: 35326374 PMCID: PMC8946818 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal microtubules (MTs) are complex cytoskeletal protein arrays that undergo activity-dependent changes in their structure and function as a response to physiological demands throughout the lifespan of neurons. Many factors shape the allostatic dynamics of MTs and tubulin dimers in the cytosolic microenvironment, such as protein–protein interactions and activity-dependent shifts in these interactions that are responsible for their plastic capabilities. Recently, several findings have reinforced the role of MTs in behavioral and cognitive processes in normal and pathological conditions. In this review, we summarize the bidirectional relationships between MTs dynamics, neuronal processes, and brain and behavioral states. The outcomes of manipulating the dynamicity of MTs by genetic or pharmacological approaches on neuronal morphology, intrinsic and synaptic excitability, the state of the network, and behaviors are heterogeneous. We discuss the critical position of MTs as responders and adaptative elements of basic neuronal function whose impact on brain function is not fully understood, and we highlight the dilemma of artificially modulating MT dynamics for therapeutic purposes.
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6
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Docking-guided rational engineering of a macrolide glycosyltransferase glycodiversifies epothilone B. Commun Biol 2022; 5:100. [PMID: 35087210 PMCID: PMC8795383 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03047-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases typically display acceptor substrate flexibility but more stringent donor specificity. BsGT-1 is a highly effective glycosyltransferase to glycosylate macrolides, including epothilones, promising antitumor compounds. Here, we show that BsGT-1 has three major regions significantly influencing the glycodiversification of epothilone B based on structural molecular docking, "hot spots" alanine scanning, and site saturation mutagenesis. Mutations in the PSPG-like motif region and the C2 loop region are more likely to expand donor preference; mutations of the flexible N3 loop region located at the mouth of the substrate-binding cavity produce novel epothilone oligosaccharides. These "hot spots" also functioned in homologues of BsGT-1. The glycosides showed significantly enhanced water solubility and decreased cytotoxicity, although the glycosyl appendages of epothilone B also reduced drug permeability and attenuated antitumor efficacy. This study laid a foundation for the rational engineering of other GTs to synthesize valuable small molecules.
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7
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Santiago-Mujika E, Luthi-Carter R, Giorgini F, Kalaria RN, Mukaetova-Ladinska EB. Tubulin and Tubulin Posttranslational Modifications in Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:730107. [PMID: 34776926 PMCID: PMC8586541 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.730107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) are the two most common forms of dementia in older people. Although these two dementia types differ in their etiology, they share many pathophysiological and morphological features, including neuronal loss, which is associated with the microtubule (MT) destabilization. Stabilization of MTs is achieved in different ways: through interactions with MT binding proteins (MTBP) or by posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of tubulin. Polyglutamylation and tyrosination are two foremost PTMs that regulate the interaction between MTs and MTBPs, and play, therefore, a role in neurodegeneration. In this review, we summarize key information on tubulin PTMs in relation to AD and VaD and address the importance of studying further the tubulin code to reveal sites of potential intervention in development of novel and effective dementia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estibaliz Santiago-Mujika
- Department of Neuroscience, Behavior and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Luthi-Carter
- Department of Neuroscience, Behavior and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Flaviano Giorgini
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Raj N. Kalaria
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeta B. Mukaetova-Ladinska
- Department of Neuroscience, Behavior and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Evington Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
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8
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Siano G, Micaelli M, Scarlatti A, Quercioli V, Di Primio C, Cattaneo A. The Q336H MAPT Mutation Linked to Pick's Disease Leads to Increased Binding of Tau to the Microtubule Network via Altered Conformational and Phosphorylation Effects. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:569395. [PMID: 33343296 PMCID: PMC7738341 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.569395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by Tau aggregation. Genetic studies on familial cases allowed for the discovery of mutations in the MAPT gene that increase Tau propensity to detach from microtubules and to form insoluble cytoplasmic Tau aggregates. Recently, the rare mutation Q336H has been identified to be associated with Pick’s disease (PiD) and biochemical analyses demonstrated its ability to increase the microtubules (MTs) polymerization, thus revealing an opposite character compared to other Tau mutations studied so far. Here we investigated the biophysical and molecular properties of TauQ336H in living cells by the employment of the conformational Tau biosensor CST. We found that this mutation alters Tau conformation on microtubules, stabilizes its binding to tubulin, and is associated with a paradoxical lower level of Tau phosphorylation. Moreover, we found that this mutation impacts the cytoskeletal complexity by increasing the tubulin filament length and the number of branches. However, despite these apparently non-pathological traits, we observed the formation of intracellular inclusions confirming that Q336H leads to aggregation. Our results suggest that the Tau aggregation process might be triggered by molecular mechanisms other than Tau destabilization or post-translational modifications which are likely to be detrimental to neuronal function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Siano
- Laboratorio di Biologia BIO@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Arianna Scarlatti
- Laboratorio di Biologia BIO@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Di Primio
- Laboratorio di Biologia BIO@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy.,Istituto di Neuroscienze, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonino Cattaneo
- Laboratorio di Biologia BIO@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
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9
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Barbone GE, Bravin A, Mittone A, Kraiger MJ, Hrabě de Angelis M, Bossi M, Ballarini E, Rodriguez-Menendez V, Ceresa C, Cavaletti G, Coan P. Establishing sample-preparation protocols for X-ray phase-contrast CT of rodent spinal cords: Aldehyde fixations and osmium impregnation. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 339:108744. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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Zhang P, Zhang Z, Li ZF, Chen Q, Li YY, Gong Y, Yue XJ, Sheng DH, Zhang YM, Wu C, Li YZ. Phylogeny-guided characterization of glycosyltransferases for epothilone glycosylation. Microb Biotechnol 2019; 12:763-774. [PMID: 31069998 PMCID: PMC6559208 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation of natural products can influence their pharmacological properties, and efficient glycosyltransferases (GTs) are critical for this purpose. The polyketide epothilones are potent anti‐tumour compounds, and YjiC is the only reported GT for the glycosylation of epothilone. In this study, we phylogenetically analysed 8261 GTs deposited in CAZy database and revealed that YjiC locates in a subbranch of the Macrolide I group, forming the YjiC‐subbranch with 160 GT sequences. We demonstrated that the YjiC‐subbranch GTs are normally efficient in epothilone glycosylation, but some showed low glycosylation activities. Sequence alignment of YjiC‐subbranch showed that the 66th and 77th amino acid residues, which were close to the catalytic cavity in molecular docking model, were conserved in five high‐active GTs (Q66 and P77) but changed in two low‐efficient GTs. Site‐directed residues swapping at the two positions in the two low‐active GTs (BssGT and BamGT) and the high‐active GT BsGT‐1 demonstrated that the two amino acid residues played an important role in the catalytic efficiency of epothilone glycosylation. This study highlights that the potent GTs for appointed compounds are phylogenetically grouped with conserved residues for the catalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yao-Yao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Ya Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xin-Jing Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Duo-Hong Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - You-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Changsheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yue-Zhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
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11
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Abstract
Bioactive lipids are essential components of human cells and tissues. As discussed in this review, the cancer lipidome is diverse and malleable, with the ability to promote or inhibit cancer pathogenesis. Targeting lipids within the tumor and surrounding microenvironment may be a novel therapeutic approach for treating cancer patients. Additionally, the emergence of a novel super-family of lipid mediators termed specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) has revealed a new role for bioactive lipid mediators in the resolution of inflammation in cancer biology. The role of SPMs in cancer holds great promise in our understanding of cancer pathogenesis and can ultimately be used in future cancer diagnostics and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Sulciner
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Allison Gartung
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Molly M Gilligan
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dipak Panigrahy
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Dehhaghi M, Mohammadipanah F, Guillemin GJ. Myxobacterial natural products: An under-valued source of products for drug discovery for neurological disorders. Neurotoxicology 2018; 66:195-203. [PMID: 29499217 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Age-related disorders impose noticeable financial and emotional burdens on society. This impact is becoming more prevalent with the increasing incidence of neurodegenerative diseases and is causing critical concerns for treatment of patients worldwide. Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis and motor neuron disease are the most prevalent and the most expensive to treat neurodegenerative diseases globally. Therefore, exploring effective therapies to overcome these disorders is a necessity. Natural products and their derivatives have increasingly attracted attention in drug discovery programs that have identified microorganisms which produce a large range of metabolites with bioactive properties. Myxobacteria, a group of Gram-negative bacteria with large genome size, produce a wide range of secondary metabolites with significant chemical structures and a variety of biological effects. They are potent natural product producers. In this review paper, we attempt to overview some secondary metabolites synthesized by myxobacteria with neuroprotective activity through known mechanisms including production of polyunsaturated fatty acids, reduction of apoptosis, immunomodulation, stress reduction of endoplasmic reticulum, stabilization of microtubules, enzyme inhibition and serotonin receptor modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Dehhaghi
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Neuropharmacology Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadipanah
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuropharmacology Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia.
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13
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Wang H, Xiao C, Dong D, Lin C, Xue Y, Liu J, Wu M, He J, Fu T, Pan H, Jiao X, Lu D, Li Z. Epothilone B Speeds Corneal Nerve Regrowth and Functional Recovery through Microtubule Stabilization and Increased Nerve Beading. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2647. [PMID: 29422528 PMCID: PMC5805685 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20734-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful restoration of corneal innervation and function after a corneal injury is a clinically challenging issue. Structural and functional recovery after a nerve injury involves a complex series of steps in which microtubules play a key role. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of epothilone B (EpoB), a microtubule-stabilizing agent, on corneal innervation and the functional recovery of the corneal nerve in mice after corneal epithelial abrasion. The pretreatment of mice with EpoB has a remarkable effect on the stabilization of beta-III tubulin, as demonstrated by substantial increases in the visualization of beta-III tubulin, nerve beading, corneal reinnervation, and reaction to stimuli. Furthermore, a pharmacokinetic analysis showed that EpoB remains at a high concentration in the cornea and the trigeminal ganglion for at least 6 days after administration. In addition, the administration of EpoB at 24 hours after corneal abrasion has a marked therapeutic effect on nerve regrowth and functional recovery. In conclusion, EpoB treatment may have therapeutic utility for improving corneal reinnervation and restoring sensitivity following corneal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Wang
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengju Xiao
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Dong
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuipei Lin
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunxia Xue
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingjuan Wu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxin He
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Fu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Pan
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Jiao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan University School of Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dingli Lu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan University School of Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China. .,Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan University School of Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China. .,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Jinan University Medical School, Guangzhou, China. .,Section of Leukocyte Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
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14
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Brandt R. Targeting microtubules in axonal re- and degeneration (Commentary on Li et al. ()). Eur J Neurosci 2017; 46:1647-1649. [PMID: 28570010 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Brandt
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
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15
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Li H, Wu W. Microtubule stabilization promoted axonal regeneration and functional recovery after spinal root avulsion. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 46:1650-1662. [PMID: 28444817 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A spinal root avulsion injury disconnects spinal roots with the spinal cord. The rampant motoneuron death, inhibitory CNS/PNS transitional zone (TZ) for axonal regrowth and limited regeneration speed together lead to motor dysfunction. Microtubules rearrange to assemble a new growth cone and disorganized microtubules underline regeneration failure. It has been shown that microtubule-stabilizing drug, Epothilone B, enhanced axonal regeneration and attenuated fibrotic scaring after spinal cord injury. Here, we are reporting that after spinal root avulsion+ re-implantation in adult rats, EpoB treatment improved motor functional recovery and potentiated electrical responses of motor units. It facilitated axons to cross the TZ and promoted more and bigger axons in the peripheral nerve. Neuromuscular junctions were reformed with better preserved postsynaptic structure, and muscle atrophy was prevented by EpoB administration. Our study showed that EpoB was a promising therapy for promoting axonal regeneration after peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, L1-39, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wutian Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, L1-39, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Joint Laboratory of Jinan University and the University of Hong Kong, GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Brandt R, Bakota L. Microtubule dynamics and the neurodegenerative triad of Alzheimer's disease: The hidden connection. J Neurochem 2017; 143:409-417. [PMID: 28267200 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder and is, on a histopathological level, characterized by the presence of extracellular amyloid plaques composed of the protein fragment Aβ, and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, which contain the microtubule-associated protein tau in a hyperphosphorylated state. In AD defects in microtubule (MT) assembly and organization have also been reported; however, it is unclear whether MT abnormalities have a causal and early role in the disease process or represent a common end point downstream of the neurodegenerative cascade. Recent evidence indicates that microtubule-stabilizing drugs prevent axonopathy in animal models of tauopathies and reverse Aβ-induced loss of synaptic connectivity in an ex vivo model of amyloidosis. This could suggest that MT dysfunction connects some of the degenerative events and provides a useful target to simultaneously prevent several neurodegenerative processes in AD. Here, we describe how changes in the structure and dynamics of MTs are involved in the different aspects of the neurodegenerative triad of AD. We discuss evidence that MTs are affected both by tau-dependent and tau-independent mechanisms but appear to be regulated in a distinct way in different neuronal compartments. We argue that modulation of MT dynamics could be of potential benefit but needs to be precisely controlled in a cell and compartment-specific manner to avoid harmful side effects. This article is part of the series "Beyond Amyloid".
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Brandt
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Lidia Bakota
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
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17
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Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterised by a progressive loss of cognitive functions. Histopathologically, AD is defined by the presence of extracellular amyloid plaques containing Aβ and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins. According to the now well-accepted amyloid cascade hypothesis is the Aβ pathology the primary driving force of AD pathogenesis, which then induces changes in tau protein leading to a neurodegenerative cascade during the progression of disease. Since many earlier drug trials aiming at preventing Aβ pathology failed to demonstrate efficacy, tau and microtubules have come into focus as prominent downstream targets. The article aims to develop the current concept of the involvement of tau in the neurodegenerative triad of synaptic loss, cell death and dendritic simplification. The function of tau as a microtubule-associated protein and versatile interaction partner will then be introduced and the rationale and progress of current tau-directed therapy will be discussed in the biological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Bakota
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 11, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Roland Brandt
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 11, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany.
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18
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Li YL, Sun J, Hu X, Pan YN, Yan W, Li QY, Wang F, Lin NM, Zhang C. Epothilone B induces apoptosis and enhances apoptotic effects of ABT-737 on human cancer cells via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 142:2281-9. [PMID: 27591861 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2236-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epothilone B and its derivatives are tested in multiple clinical trials. Epothilone B induces neurotoxic effect in clinical trials; however, low-dose epothilone B regimen can promote neuroprotection and neurogenesis. Thus, the study of new combination chemotherapy regimen incorporating low-dose epothilone B with other chemotherapeutic agents might help to develop epothilone B-based approaches to cancer treatment and avoid the neurotoxicity of epothilone B. METHODS Cell proliferation was assessed by SRB cell viability assay. Apoptosis was analyzed by propidium iodide (PI) staining. Mitochondrial membrane depolarization was evaluated using JC-1 staining. The expression of proteins was detected by western blotting. RESULTS In this study, we demonstrated that the combination of ABT-737 and low-dose epothilone B showed synergistic anti-proliferation effects on human cancer cells. In addition, epothilone B + ABT-737 synergy was through mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway. Furthermore, combination treatment markedly induced the activation of caspase-3 and the cleavage of PARP. The activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is associated with resistance to epothilone B. Our data showed that epothilone B plus ABT-737 resulted in a blockade of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that ABT-737 may be a pertinent sensitizer to epothilone B, and the strategy of combining epothilone B with ABT-737 appears to be an attractive option for overcoming the resistance and neurotoxicity of epothilone B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Ling Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiao Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiu Hu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, No. 51 Huzhou Street, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Ni Pan
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, No. 51 Huzhou Street, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing-Yu Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Neng-Ming Lin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China. .,Hangzhou Translational Medicine Research Center, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chong Zhang
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, No. 51 Huzhou Street, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang, China.
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19
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Pittman SK, Gracias NG, Fehrenbacher JC. Nerve growth factor alters microtubule targeting agent-induced neurotransmitter release but not MTA-induced neurite retraction in sensory neurons. Exp Neurol 2016; 279:104-115. [PMID: 26883566 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy is a dose-limiting side effect of anticancer treatment with the microtubule-targeted agents (MTAs), paclitaxel and epothilone B (EpoB); however, the mechanisms by which the MTAs alter neuronal function and morphology are unknown. We previously demonstrated that paclitaxel alters neuronal sensitivity, in vitro, in the presence of nerve growth factor (NGF). Evidence in the literature suggests that NGF may modulate the neurotoxic effects of paclitaxel. Here, we examine whether NGF modulates changes in neuronal sensitivity and morphology induced by paclitaxel and EpoB. Neuronal sensitivity was assessed using the stimulated release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), whereas morphology of established neurites was evaluated using a high content screening system. Dorsal root ganglion cultures, maintained in the absence or presence of NGF, were treated from day 7 to day 12 in culture with paclitaxel (300nM) or EpoB (30nM). Following treatment, the release of CGRP was stimulated using capsaicin or high extracellular potassium. In the presence of NGF, EpoB mimicked the effects of paclitaxel: capsaicin-stimulated release was attenuated, potassium-stimulated release was slightly enhanced and the total peptide content was unchanged. In the absence of NGF, both paclitaxel and EpoB decreased capsaicin- and potassium-stimulated release and the total peptide content, suggesting that NGF may reverse MTA-induced hyposensitivity. Paclitaxel and EpoB both decreased neurite length and branching, and this attenuation was unaffected by NGF in the growth media. These differential effects of NGF on neuronal sensitivity and morphology suggest that neurite retraction is not a causative factor to alter neuronal sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry K Pittman
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, United States.
| | - Neilia G Gracias
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, United States; Indiana University School of Medicine, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, United States.
| | - Jill C Fehrenbacher
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, United States; Indiana University School of Medicine, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, United States; Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, United States.
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20
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Penazzi L, Tackenberg C, Ghori A, Golovyashkina N, Niewidok B, Selle K, Ballatore C, Smith AB, Bakota L, Brandt R. Aβ-mediated spine changes in the hippocampus are microtubule-dependent and can be reversed by a subnanomolar concentration of the microtubule-stabilizing agent epothilone D. Neuropharmacology 2016; 105:84-95. [PMID: 26772969 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic spines represent the major postsynaptic input of excitatory synapses. Loss of spines and changes in their morphology correlate with cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and are thought to occur early during pathology. Therapeutic intervention at a preclinical stage of AD to modify spine changes might thus be warranted. To follow the development and to potentially interfere with spine changes over time, we established a long term ex vivo model from organotypic cultures of the hippocampus from APP transgenic and control mice. The cultures exhibit spine loss in principal hippocampal neurons, which closely resembles the changes occurring in vivo, and spine morphology progressively changes from mushroom-shaped to stubby. We demonstrate that spine changes are completely reversed within few days after blocking amyloid-β (Aβ) production with the gamma-secretase inhibitor DAPT. We show that the microtubule disrupting drug nocodazole leads to spine loss similar to Aβ expressing cultures and suppresses DAPT-mediated spine recovery in slices from APP transgenic mice. Finally, we report that epothilone D (EpoD) at a subnanomolar concentration, which slightly stabilizes microtubules in model neurons, completely reverses Aβ-induced spine loss and increases thin spine density. Taken together the data indicate that Aβ causes spine changes by microtubule destabilization and that spine recovery requires microtubule polymerization. Moreover, our results suggest that a low, subtoxic concentration of EpoD is sufficient to reduce spine loss during the preclinical stage of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorène Penazzi
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Christian Tackenberg
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Adnan Ghori
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Nataliya Golovyashkina
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Benedikt Niewidok
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Karolin Selle
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Carlo Ballatore
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Lidia Bakota
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Roland Brandt
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
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21
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Golovyashkina N, Penazzi L, Ballatore C, Smith AB, Bakota L, Brandt R. Region-specific dendritic simplification induced by Aβ, mediated by tau via dysregulation of microtubule dynamics: a mechanistic distinct event from other neurodegenerative processes. Mol Neurodegener 2015; 10:60. [PMID: 26541821 PMCID: PMC4634596 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-015-0049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dendritic simplification, a key feature of the neurodegenerative triad of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in addition to spine changes and neuron loss, occurs in a region-specific manner. However, it is unknown how changes in dendritic complexity are mediated and how they relate to spine changes and neuron loss. Results To investigate the mechanisms of dendritic simplification in an authentic CNS environment we employed an ex vivo model, based on targeted expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-tagged constructs in organotypic hippocampal slices of mice. Algorithm-based 3D reconstruction of whole neuron morphology in different hippocampal regions was performed on slices from APPSDL-transgenic and control animals. We demonstrate that induction of dendritic simplification requires the combined action of amyloid beta (Aβ) and human tau. Simplification is restricted to principal neurons of the CA1 region, recapitulating the region specificity in AD patients, and occurs at sites of Schaffer collateral input. We report that γ-secretase inhibition and treatment with the NMDA-receptor antagonist, CPP, counteract dendritic simplification. The microtubule-stabilizing drug epothilone D (EpoD) induces simplification in control cultures per se. Similar morphological changes were induced by a phosphoblocking tau construct, which also increases microtubule stability. In fact, low nanomolar concentrations of naturally secreted Aβ decreased phosphorylation at S262 in a cellular model, a site which is known to directly modulate tau-microtubule interactions. Conclusions The data provide evidence that dendritic simplification is mechanistically distinct from other neurodegenerative events and involves microtubule stabilization by dendritic tau, which becomes dephosphorylated at certain sites. They imply that treatments leading to an overall decrease of tau phosphorylation might have a negative impact on neuronal connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Golovyashkina
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 11, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany.
| | - Lorène Penazzi
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 11, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany.
| | - Carlo Ballatore
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19014, USA. .,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19014, USA.
| | - Lidia Bakota
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 11, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany.
| | - Roland Brandt
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 11, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany.
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22
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Fehrenbacher JC. Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 131:471-508. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Ebenezer GJ, Carlson K, Donovan D, Cobham M, Chuang E, Moore A, Cigler T, Ward M, Lane ME, Ramnarain A, Vahdat LT, Polydefkis M. Ixabepilone-induced mitochondria and sensory axon loss in breast cancer patients. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2014; 1:639-49. [PMID: 25493278 PMCID: PMC4241791 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We sought to define the clinical and ultrastructure effects of ixabepilone (Ix), a microtubule-stabilizing chemotherapy agent on cutaneous sensory nerves and to investigate a potential mitochondrial toxicity mechanism. Methods Ten breast cancer patients receiving Ix underwent total neuropathy score clinical (TNSc) assessment, distal leg skin biopsies at cycle (Cy) 3 (80–90 mg/m2), Cy5 (160–190 mg/m2), and Cy7 (>200 mg/m2) and were compared to 5 controls. Skin blocks were processed for EM and ultrastructural morphometry of Remak axons done. Results At baseline, Ix-treated subjects had higher TNSc values (4.5 ± 0.8 vs. 0.0 ± 0.0), greater percentage of empty (denervated) Schwann cells (29% vs. 12%), altered axonal diameter (422.9 ± 17 vs. 354.9 ± 14.8 nm, P = 0.01), and axon profiles without mitochondria tended to increase compared to control subjects (71% vs. 70%). With increasing cumulative Ix exposure, an increase in TNSc values (Cy3: 5.4 ± 1.2, Cy7: 10 ± 4, P < 0.001), empty Schwann cells (39% by Cy7), and dilated axons (in nm, Cy3: 506.3 ± 22.1, Cy5: 534.8 ± 33, Cy7: 527.8 ± 24.4; P < 0.001) was observed. In addition, axon profiles without mitochondria (Cy3:74%, Cy7:78%) and mitochondria with abnormal morphology (grade 3 or 4) increased from 24% to 79%. Schwann cells with atypical mitochondria and perineuronal macrophage infiltration in dermis were noted. Interpretation This study provides functional and structural evidence that Ix exposure induces a dose-dependent toxicity on small sensory fibers with an increase in TNSc scores and progressive axonal loss. Mitochondria appear to bear the cumulative toxic effect and chemotherapy-induced toxicity can be monitored through serial skin biopsy-based analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Carlson
- Breast Cancer Research Program, Weill Cornell Medical College New York City, New York
| | - Diana Donovan
- Breast Cancer Research Program, Weill Cornell Medical College New York City, New York
| | - Marta Cobham
- Breast Cancer Research Program, Weill Cornell Medical College New York City, New York
| | - Ellen Chuang
- Breast Cancer Research Program, Weill Cornell Medical College New York City, New York
| | - Anne Moore
- Breast Cancer Research Program, Weill Cornell Medical College New York City, New York
| | - Tessa Cigler
- Breast Cancer Research Program, Weill Cornell Medical College New York City, New York
| | - Maureen Ward
- Breast Cancer Research Program, Weill Cornell Medical College New York City, New York
| | - Maureen E Lane
- Breast Cancer Research Program, Weill Cornell Medical College New York City, New York
| | - Anita Ramnarain
- Breast Cancer Research Program, Weill Cornell Medical College New York City, New York
| | - Linda T Vahdat
- Breast Cancer Research Program, Weill Cornell Medical College New York City, New York
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Argyriou AA, Kyritsis AP, Makatsoris T, Kalofonos HP. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in adults: a comprehensive update of the literature. Cancer Manag Res 2014; 6:135-47. [PMID: 24672257 PMCID: PMC3964029 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s44261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Commonly used chemotherapeutic agents in oncology/hematology practice, causing toxic peripheral neuropathy, include taxanes, platinum compounds, vinca alkaloids, proteasome inhibitors, and antiangiogenic/immunomodulatory agents. This review paper intends to put together and discuss the spectrum of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) characteristics so as to highlight areas of future research to pursue on the topic. Current knowledge shows that the pathogenesis of CIPN still remains elusive, mostly because there are several sites of involvement in the peripheral nervous system. In any case, it is acknowledged that the dorsal root ganglia of the primary sensory neurons are the most common neural targets of CIPN. Both the incidence and severity of CIPN are clinically under- and misreported, and it has been demonstrated that scoring CIPN with common toxicity scales is associated with significant inter-observer variability. Only a proportion of chemotherapy-treated patients develop treatment-emergent and persistent CIPN, and to date it has been impossible to predict high-and low-risk subjects even within groups who receive the same drug regimen. This issue has recently been investigated in the context of pharmacogenetic analyses, but these studies have not implemented a proper methodological approach and their results are inconsistent and not really clinically relevant. As such, a stringent approach has to be implemented to validate that information. Another open issue is that, at present, there is insufficient evidence to support the use of any of the already tested chemoprotective agents to prevent or limit CIPN. The results of comprehensive interventions, including clinical, neurophysiological, and pharmacogenetic approaches, are expected to produce a consistent advantage for both doctors and patients and thus allow the registration and analysis of reliable data on the true characteristics of CIPN, eventually leading to potential preventive and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas A Argyriou
- Department of Neurology, "Saint Andrew's" General Hospital of Patras, Greece ; Department of Medicine-Division of Oncology, University of Patras Medical School, Rion-Patras, Greece
| | | | - Thomas Makatsoris
- Department of Medicine-Division of Oncology, University of Patras Medical School, Rion-Patras, Greece
| | - Haralabos P Kalofonos
- Department of Medicine-Division of Oncology, University of Patras Medical School, Rion-Patras, Greece
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25
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Ogden A, Rida PCG, Reid MD, Aneja R. Interphase microtubules: chief casualties in the war on cancer? Drug Discov Today 2013; 19:824-9. [PMID: 24201225 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) profoundly affect interphase cells, such as by disrupting axonal transport, transcription, translation, mitochondrial permeability, immune cell function, directional migration and centrosome clustering. This finding is antithetical to the conventionally held notion that MTAs act on mitosis to trigger arrest-mediated apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, the paucity of mitotic cells in patient tumors and lack of correlation of MTA efficacy with tumor proliferation rate provide strong impetus to re-examine the mechanistic basis of action of MTAs, with an eye toward interphase activities. Whereas targeted antimitotics have unequivocally failed their promise across clinical studies, MTAs constitute a mainstay of chemotherapy. This paradox necessitates the conclusion that MTAs exert mitosis-independent effects, spurring a dramatic paradigm shift in our understanding of the mode of action of MTAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ogden
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | | | - Michelle D Reid
- Department of Pathology, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ritu Aneja
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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26
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Myelin structure is unaltered in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Neurotoxicology 2012; 33:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2011] [Revised: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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27
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Argyriou AA, Marmiroli P, Cavaletti G, Kalofonos HP. Epothilone-induced peripheral neuropathy: a review of current knowledge. J Pain Symptom Manage 2011; 42:931-40. [PMID: 21621965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2011.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Epothilones, belonging to the family of microtubule stabilizing agents, have shown prolonged remissions and improved survival in various types of refractory, treatment-resistant cancer. Ixabepilone (BMS-247550) is the main representative of these compounds. Peripheral neuropathy is a significant toxicity of epothilones, eventually resulting in dose modification and changes in the treatment plan. OBJECTIVES This review critically looks at the pathogenesis, incidence, risk factors, characteristics, and management of epothilone-induced peripheral neuropathy (EIPN). We also highlight areas of future research to pursue. METHODS References were identified by searches of PubMed from 2000 until December 2010 with related terms. RESULTS The mechanism underlying EIPN remains rather unclear. Damage to the ganglion soma cells and peripheral axons through disruption of microtubules of the mitotic spindle and by interference with the axonal transport in the affected neurons may significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of EIPN. As a result, epothilones primarily produce an axonal, dose-dependent, sensory distal peripheral neuropathy, which is reversible in most cases on discontinuation of treatment. The incidence of EIPN is mainly related to risk factors, including cumulative dose and probably pre-existing neuropathy. To date, apart from the use of dose reduction and schedule change algorithm, there is no effective treatment with neuroprotective agents for EIPN. CONCLUSION EIPN remains a very challenging area in the field of toxic neuropathies. As such, there is a need for further preclinical and prospective clinical studies to elucidate the pathogenesis of EIPN and provide further robust evidence on its incidence, course, and reversibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas A Argyriou
- Department of Neurology, Saint Andrew's State General Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
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Carlson K, Ocean AJ. Peripheral neuropathy with microtubule-targeting agents: occurrence and management approach. Clin Breast Cancer 2011; 11:73-81. [PMID: 21569993 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs), which include vinca alkaloids, taxanes, and the recently introduced epothilone, ixabepilone, are widely used chemotherapeutic agents for treatment of patients with cancer. MTAs interfere with the normal structure and function of microtubules, leading to cell-cycle arrest and tumor cell death. Microtubule function is critical to normal neuronal function, thus MTA therapy is commonly associated with some form of neuropathy. There is poor agreement between tools for clinical assessment of MTA-associated peripheral neuropathy, and standardization of grading scales is needed to reduce variability. For a majority of patients, MTA-associated neuropathy is mild to moderate in intensity and reversible, but it can be severe and resolve incompletely. The incidence and severity of MTA-associated neuropathy is drug, dose, and schedule dependent. The first-generation vinca alkaloids (eg, vincristine) are associated with severe mixed sensory and motor neuropathy, whereas the newer vinca alkaloids (eg, vinorelbine, vinflunine) induce a milder sensory neuropathy. Taxane-associated sensory neuropathy occurs more often with standard (polyoxyethylated castor oil-based) and albumin-bound paclitaxel than with docetaxel. The incidence and presentation of peripheral neuropathy with ixabepilone, alone or in combination with capecitabine, are similar to that with taxanes. Management of neuropathy may involve reducing or delaying the MTA dose, or in severe persistent or disabling cases discontinuing treatment. Reversal of neuropathy after dosage intervention appears to be more rapid with ixabepilone than with other MTAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Carlson
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, NY, USA
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Dacci P, Dina G, Cerri F, Previtali SC, Lopez ID, Lauria G, Feltri ML, Bolino A, Comi G, Wrabetz L, Quattrini A. Foot pad skin biopsy in mouse models of hereditary neuropathy. Glia 2011; 58:2005-16. [PMID: 20878767 PMCID: PMC3034192 DOI: 10.1002/glia.21069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Numerous transgenic and knockout mouse models of human hereditary neuropathies have become available over the past decade. We describe a simple, reproducible, and safe biopsy of mouse skin for histopathological evaluation of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) in models of hereditary neuropathies. We compared the diagnostic outcome between sciatic nerve and dermal nerves found in skin biopsy (SB) from the hind foot. A total of five animal models of different Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathies, and one model of congenital muscular dystrophy associated neuropathy were examined. In wild type mice, dermal nerve fibers were readily identified by immunohistochemistry, light, and electron microscopy and they appeared similar to myelinated fibers in sciatic nerve. In mutant mice, SB manifested myelin abnormalities similar to those observed in sciatic nerves, including hypomyelination, onion bulbs, myelin outfolding, redundant loops, and tomacula. In many strains, however, SB showed additional abnormalities—fiber loss, dense neurofilament packing with lower phosphorylation status, and axonal degeneration—undetected in sciatic nerve, possibly because SB samples distal nerves. SB, a reliable technique to investigate peripheral neuropathies in human beings, is also useful to investigate animal models of hereditary neuropathies. Our data indicate that SB may reveal distal axonal pathology in mouse models and permits sequential follow-up of the neuropathy in an individual mouse, thereby reducing the number of mice necessary to document pathology of the PNS. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Dacci
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience and INSPE, Neuropathology Unit, Milan, Italy
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Carozzi VA, Canta A, Oggioni N, Sala B, Chiorazzi A, Meregalli C, Bossi M, Marmiroli P, Cavaletti G. Neurophysiological and neuropathological characterization of new murine models of chemotherapy-induced chronic peripheral neuropathies. Exp Neurol 2010; 226:301-9. [PMID: 20832406 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin, paclitaxel and bortezomib belong to some of the most effective families of chemotherapy drugs for solid and haematological cancers. Epothilones represent a new family of very promising antitubulin agents. The clinical use of all these drugs is limited by their severe peripheral neurotoxicity. Several in vivo rat models have reproduced the characteristics of the peripheral neurotoxicity of these drugs. However, since only a very limited number of cancer types can be studied in immunocompetent rats, these animal models do not represent an effective way to evaluate, at the same time, the antineoplastic activity and the neurotoxic effects of the anticancer compounds. In this study, we characterized the neurophysiological impairment induced by chronic chemotherapy treatment in BALB/c mice, a strain suitable for assessing the activity of anticancer treatments. At the end of a 4-week period of treatment with cisplatin, paclitaxel, epothilone-B or bortezomib, sensory and sensory/motor nerve conduction velocities (NCV) were determined in the caudal and digital nerves and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and sciatic nerves were collected for histopathological analysis. The electrophysiological studies revealed that all the compounds caused a statistically significant reduction in the caudal NCV, while impairment of the digital NCV was less severe. This functional damage was confirmed by the histopathological observations evidencing axonal degeneration in the sciatic nerve induced by all the drugs associated with pathological changes in DRG induced only by cisplatin and bortezomib. These results confirm the possibility to use our models to combine the study of the antineoplastic activity of anticancer drugs and of their toxic effects on the peripheral nervous system in the BALB/c mouse strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Carozzi
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Technologies, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza (MI), Italy.
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Götte M, Hofmann G, Michou-Gallani AI, Glickman JF, Wishart W, Gabriel D. An imaging assay to analyze primary neurons for cellular neurotoxicity. J Neurosci Methods 2010; 192:7-16. [PMID: 20620166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Revised: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of high-content screening technologies including automated immunostaining, automated image acquisition and automated image analysis have enabled higher throughput of cellular imaging-based assays. Here we used high-content imaging to thoroughly characterize the cultures of primary rat cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). We describe procedures to isolate and cultivate the CGNs in 96-well and 384-well format, as well as a procedure to freeze and thaw the CGNs. These methods allow the use of CGNs in 96-well format analyzing 2500 samples per experiment using freshly isolated cells. Down-scaling to 384-well format and freezing and thawing of the CGNs allow even higher throughput. A cellular assay with rat CGN cultures was established to study the neurotoxicity of compounds in order to filter out toxic compounds at an early phase of drug development. The imaging-based toxicity assay was able to reveal adverse effects of compounds on primary neurons which were not detected in neuroblastoma or other cell lines tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjo Götte
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Forum 1, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basle, Switzerland.
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Huff LM, Sackett DL, Poruchynsky MS, Fojo T. Microtubule-disrupting chemotherapeutics result in enhanced proteasome-mediated degradation and disappearance of tubulin in neural cells. Cancer Res 2010; 70:5870-9. [PMID: 20587529 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-4281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We sought to examine the effects of microtubule-targeting agents (MTA) on neural cells to better understand the problem of neurotoxicity, their principal side effect, and to possibly develop a model of clinical toxicity. Studies showed that microtubule-depolymerizing agents (MDA) not only disassembled microtubules in neural HCN2 cells but also led to rapid disappearance of tubulin, and that this was specific for MDAs. Tubulin levels decreased to 20% as early as 8 hours after adding vincristine, and to 1% to 30% (mean, 9.8 +/- 7.6%; median of 7%) after 100 nmol/L vincristine for 24 hours. This disappearance was reversible. An increase in both glu-terminated and acetylated tubulin, markers of stable tubulin, preceded reaccumulation of soluble tubulin, suggesting a priority for stabilizing tubulin first as microtubules before replenishing the soluble pool. Similar results were shown with other MDAs. Furthermore, microtubule reassembly did not arise from a central focus but instead appeared to involve dispersed nucleation, as evidenced by the appearance of small, stable microtubule stubs throughout the cytoplasm. In contrast, experiments with four nonneural "normal" cell lines and four cancer cell lines resulted in microtubule destabilization but only modest tubulin degradation. Evidence for proteasome-mediated degradation was obtained by demonstrating that adding a proteasome inhibitor before vincristine prevented tubulin disappearance. In summary, MDAs lead to rapid disappearance of tubulin in neural but not in other normal or cancer cells. These results underscore the fine control that occurs in neural cells and may further our understanding of neurotoxicity following MDAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyn M Huff
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute and Laboratory of Integrative and Medical Biophysics, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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