1
|
The Effects of Poria cocos on Rho Signaling-Induced Regulation of Mobility and F-Actin Aggregation in MK-801-Treated B35 and C6 Cells. Behav Neurol 2022; 2022:8225499. [PMID: 35864844 PMCID: PMC9296330 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8225499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Methods B35 neuronal cells and C6 glial cells were incubated with MK-801 for 7 days followed by MK-801, MK801 in combination with water extracts of P. cocos (PRP for P. cocos cum Radix Pini or WP for White Poria) treatment for an additional 7 days. Analysis of cell mobility, F-actin aggregation, and Rho signaling modulation was performed to clarify the roles of PRP or WP in MK-801-treated B35 and C6 cells. Results MK-801 decreases B35 cell mobility, whereas the inhibited cell migration ability and F-actin aggregation in MK-801-treated B35 or C6 cells could be reversed by PRP or WP. The CDC42 expression in B35 or C6 cells would be reduced by MK-801 and restored by treating with PRP or WP. The RhoA expression was increased by MK-801 in both B35 and C6 cells but was differentially regulated by PRP or WP. In B35 cells, downregulation of PFN1, N-WASP, PAK1, and ARP2/3 induced by MK-801 can be reversely modulated by PRP or WP. PRP or WP reduced the increase in the p-MLC2 expression in B35 cells treated with MK-801. The reduction in ROCK1, PFN1, p-MLC2, and ARP2/3 expression in C6 cells induced by MK-801 was restored by PRP or WP. Reduced N-WASP and PAK1 expression was differentially regulated by PRP or WP in MK-801-treated C6 cells.
Collapse
|
2
|
Sanchez EO, Bangasser DA. The effects of early life stress on impulsivity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 137:104638. [PMID: 35341796 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Elevated impulsivity is a symptom shared by various psychiatric disorders such as substance use disorder, bipolar disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. However, impulsivity is not a unitary construct and impulsive behaviors fall into two subcategories: impulsive action and impulsive choice. Impulsive choice refers to the tendency to prefer immediate, small rewards over delayed, large rewards, whereas impulsive action involves difficulty inhibiting rash, premature, or mistimed behaviors. These behaviors are mediated by the mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) system, which consists of projections from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex. Early life stress (ELS) alters both impulsive choice and impulsive action in rodents. ELS also changes DA receptor expression, transmission, and activity within the mesocorticolimbic system. This review integrates the dopamine, impulsivity, and ELS literature to provide evidence that ELS alters impulsivity via inducing changes in the mesocorticolimbic DA system. Understanding how ELS affects brain circuits associated with impulsivity can help advance treatments aimed towards reducing impulsivity symptoms in a variety of psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Ordoñes Sanchez
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| | - Debra A Bangasser
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gu X, Yang B, Gao S, Yan LF, Xu D, Wang W. Prefrontal fNIRS-based clinical data analysis of brain functions in individuals abusing different types of drugs. J Biomed Semantics 2021; 12:21. [PMID: 34823598 PMCID: PMC8620253 DOI: 10.1186/s13326-021-00256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The activation degree of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) functional area in drug abusers is directly related to the craving for drugs and the tolerance to punishment. Currently, among the clinical research on drug rehabilitation, there has been little analysis of the OFC activation in individuals abusing different types of drugs, including heroin, methamphetamine, and mixed drugs. Therefore, it becomes urgently necessary to clinically investigate the abuse of different drugs, so as to explore the effects of different types of drugs on the human brain. Methods Based on prefrontal high-density functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), this research designs an experiment that includes resting and drug addiction induction. Hemoglobin concentrations of 30 drug users (10 on methamphetamine, 10 on heroin, and 10 on mixed drugs) were collected using fNIRS and analyzed by combining algorithm and statistics. Results Linear discriminant analysis (LDA), Support vector machine (SVM) and Machine-learning algorithm was implemented to classify different drug abusers. Oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) activations in the OFC of different drug abusers were statistically analyzed, and the differences were confirmed. Innovative findings: in both the Right-OFC and Left-OFC areas, methamphetamine abusers had the highest degree of OFC activation, followed by those abusing mixed drugs, and heroin abusers had the lowest. The same result was obtained when OFC activation was investigated without distinguishing the left and right hemispheres. Conclusions The findings confirmed the significant differences among different drug abusers and the patterns of OFC activations, providing a theoretical basis for personalized clinical treatment of drug rehabilitation in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Gu
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Banghua Yang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Shouwei Gao
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Lin Feng Yan
- Department of Radiology & Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ding Xu
- Shanghai Drug Rehabilitation Administration Bureau, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Radiology & Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Forouzan S, McGrew K, Kosten TA. Drugs and bugs: Negative affect, psychostimulant use and withdrawal, and the microbiome. Am J Addict 2021; 30:525-538. [PMID: 34414622 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES A growing body of literature demonstrates that the human microbiota plays a crucial role in health and disease states, as well as in the body's response to stress. In addition, the microbiome plays a role in psychological well-being and regulating negative affect. Regulation of negative affect is a factor in psychostimulant abuse disorders. We propose a risk chain in which stress leads to negative affect that places an individual at risk to develop or relapse to psychostimulant abuse disorder. Stress, negative affect, and psychostimulant use all alter the gut microbiome. METHODS This review brings together the literature on affective disorders, stress, and psychostimulant abuse disorders to assess possible modulatory actions of the gut-brain axis to regulate these conditions. RESULTS Studies reviewed across the various disciplines suggest that the dysbiosis resulting from drug use, drug withdrawal, or stress may cause an individual to be more susceptible to addiction and relapse. Probiotics and prebiotics reduce stress and negative affect. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Treatment during the withdrawal phase of psychostimulant abuse disorder, when the microbiome is altered, may ameliorate the symptoms of stress and negative affect leading to a reduced risk of relapse to psychostimulant use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shadab Forouzan
- Department of Psychology, Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation and Statistics (TIMES), University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Keely McGrew
- Department of Psychology, Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation and Statistics (TIMES), University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Therese A Kosten
- Department of Psychology, Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation and Statistics (TIMES), University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Heinsbroek JA, Giannotti G, Mandel MR, Josey M, Aston-Jones G, James MH, Peters J. A common limiter circuit for opioid choice and relapse identified in a rodent addiction model. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4788. [PMID: 34373454 PMCID: PMC8352904 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity in numerous brain regions drives heroin seeking, but no circuits that limit heroin seeking have been identified. Furthermore, the neural circuits controlling opioid choice are unknown. In this study, we examined the role of the infralimbic cortex (IL) to nucleus accumbens shell (NAshell) pathway during heroin choice and relapse. This model yielded subpopulations of heroin versus food preferring rats during choice, and choice was unrelated to subsequent relapse rates to heroin versus food cues, suggesting that choice and relapse are distinct behavioral constructs. Supporting this, inactivation of the IL with muscimol produced differential effects on opioid choice versus relapse. A pathway-specific chemogenetic approach revealed, however, that the IL-NAshell pathway acts as a common limiter of opioid choice and relapse. Furthermore, dendritic spines in IL-NAshell neurons encode distinct aspects of heroin versus food reinforcement. Thus, opioid choice and relapse share a common addiction-limiting circuit in the IL-NAshell pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasper A Heinsbroek
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Giuseppe Giannotti
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mitchel R Mandel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Megan Josey
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Gary Aston-Jones
- Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University and Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Morgan H James
- Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University and Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Jamie Peters
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Reese ED, Kane LF, Paquette CE, Frohlich F, Daughters SB. Lost in Translation: the Gap Between Neurobiological Mechanisms and Psychosocial Treatment Research for Substance Use Disorders. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-021-00382-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
7
|
Liu J, Chen C, Liu M, Zhuang S. Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Cognitive Function in Women With Methamphetamine Dependence in a Detoxification Program in Tianjin, China: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nurs Res 2021; 29:e164. [PMID: 34183568 DOI: 10.1097/jnr.0000000000000440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is prevalent among individuals, especially women, with methamphetamine dependence. Although aerobic exercise has been shown to affect cognitive function in humans and animals, few related studies have focused on subjects with methamphetamine dependence. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the detoxification-related effects of aerobic exercise on cognitive function in women with methamphetamine dependence. METHODS A randomized controlled trial was used with 98 women with methamphetamine dependence undergoing a detoxification program at a mental hospital. The women were distributed using a computer-generated grouping random method into either the study or control group. The investigator conducting the baseline questionnaire, the neuropsychologist assessing the cognitive function, and the data analyst were blinded to group assignment. In addition to hospital routine care, the study group received an aerobic exercise intervention for 3 months. The control group only received hospital routine care. Attention and working memory were measured using the Trail Making Test and Digit Span Test, verbal memory was measured using Logical Memory (LM) and Memory for Persons Data (MPD), and executive function was measured using the Color-Word Stroop Test. RESULTS Forty-nine participants were randomized into each group, and the valid data of 43 participants in the study group and 46 in the control group were analyzed. The study group showed significantly more improvement over time in terms of Digit Span Test, Trail Making Test, LM-delayed, MPD-5 minutes delayed, MPD-30 minutes delayed, and Color-Word Stroop Test than the control group (p < .05). LM-immediate and MPD-immediate scores showed that the effects of time and the interaction between time and group were significant but that the main effect of group was not. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Women undergoing detoxification for methamphetamine dependence may practice aerobic exercise to improve attention, working memory, executive function, and parts of verbal memory. Aerobic exercise may be incorporated into detoxification treatment programs to facilitate the recovery of cognitive functions in women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- BSN, RN, Graduate Student, School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Chen Chen
- BSN, RN, Graduate Student, School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Maojie Liu
- BSN, RN, Graduate Student, School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Shumei Zhuang
- PhD, RN, Associate Professor, School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Antonelli M, Fattore L, Sestito L, Di Giuda D, Diana M, Addolorato G. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A review about its efficacy in the treatment of alcohol, tobacco and cocaine addiction. Addict Behav 2021; 114:106760. [PMID: 33316590 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Substance Use Disorder (SUD) is a chronic and relapsing disease characterized by craving, loss of control, tolerance and physical dependence. At present, the combination of pharmacotherapy and psychosocial intervention is the most effective management strategy in preventing relapse to reduce dropout rates and promote abstinence in SUD patients. However, only few effective medications are available. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that modulates the cellular activity of the cerebral cortex through a magnetic pulse applied on selected brain areas. Recently, the efficacy of TMS has been investigated in various categories of SUD patients. The present review analyzes the application of repetitive TMS in patients with alcohol, tobacco, and cocaine use disorder. Although the number of clinical studies is still limited, repetitive TMS yields encouraging results in these patients, suggesting a possible role of TMS in the treatment of SUD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Antonelli
- Alcohol Use Disorder and Alcohol Related Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Liana Fattore
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience-Cagliari, National Research Council, Italy
| | - Luisa Sestito
- Alcohol Use Disorder and Alcohol Related Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Di Giuda
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Diana
- G. Minardi' Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Addolorato
- Alcohol Use Disorder and Alcohol Related Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Internal Medicine Unit, Columbus-Gemelli Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Effect of chronic alcohol intake on motor functions on the elderly. Neurosci Lett 2021; 745:135630. [PMID: 33440234 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic and progressive disease influenced by genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors. The consequences of alcohol consumption involve alterations in neural circuits of emotion and cognition, as well as in the motor planning circuit. Furthermore, during the natural aging process, several biochemical and functional alterations are also observed with neurological consequences. Thus, considering the consequences of chronic alcohol consumption on neural systems and natural aging process, we aimed to analyze the degree of motor and functional impairment in elderly with chronic alcohol consumption. Sixty elderly underwent an analysis of alcohol consumption profile (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test - AUDIT) that divided them into a control group (CON) and an alcohol group (ALC). The analysis of quality of life was performed using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), the analysis of motor function was performed using the Borg Scale, the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and the Motor Scale for Elderly (MSE). We were able to conclude that the misuse of alcohol by the elderly promotes significant physical limitations. These limitations result in a worsening of functional capacity of walking and various dimensions of motor ability: fine motor skill, global coordination, balance, body scheme, spatial organization, temporal organization, and general motor aptitude. Besides the physical limitations caused by alcohol use, the quality of life in their physical, mental, and social aspects was reduced. Thus, actions are required to help the elderly understand these losses and exercise control over alcohol misuse.
Collapse
|
10
|
Diana M, Fattore L. Editorial: The Therapeutic Potential of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Addiction. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:614642. [PMID: 33328878 PMCID: PMC7719752 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.614642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Diana
- "G. Minardi" Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Liana Fattore
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience-Cagliari, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sanna A, Fattore L, Badas P, Corona G, Diana M. The hypodopaminergic state ten years after: transcranial magnetic stimulation as a tool to test the dopamine hypothesis of drug addiction. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 56:61-67. [PMID: 33310457 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
An altered dopamine transmission has been described for different types of addiction for a long time. Preclinical and clinical evidence support the hypodopaminergic hypothesis and underpin the need to increase dopamine transmission to obtain therapeutic benefit. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of prefrontal cortex shows efficacy in treating some forms of addiction. Recent imaging studies confirmed that the therapeutic effect of rTMS is correlated with an enhancement of dopamine transmission. Novel targets for rTMS are under evaluation to increase its effectiveness in treating addiction, and research is ongoing to find the optimal protocol to boost dopaminergic transmission in the addicted brain. TMS can thus be considered a useful tool to test the dopamine hypothesis of drug addiction and instrumental in the search for addiction therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Sanna
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, Section of Neurology, University of Cagliari
| | - Liana Fattore
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience-Cagliari, National Research Council, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042, CA, Italy
| | - Paola Badas
- rTMS Italia, via Tonale 15, Cagliari, 09122, Italy
| | | | - Marco Diana
- 'G.Minardi' Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Muroni 23v, 07100, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Deng Y, Hou L, Chen X, Zhou R. Working memory training improves emotion regulation in drug abstainers: Evidence from frontal alpha asymmetry. Neurosci Lett 2020; 742:135513. [PMID: 33227369 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Drug addiction has been associated with unsuccessful emotion regulation, which can be improved by working memory training (WMT) in healthy populations. This study aimed to assess the effect of WMT on emotion regulation in drug abstainers. We divided 40 male drug abstainers into two groups: (i) the training group (n=20) participated in a running memory task for 20 days, and (ii) the control group (n=20) did not participate in any training task. We assessed the emotion regulation questionnaire (ERQ) and frontal electroencephalographic (EEG) activity while viewing pictures (including neutral, positive, negative and drug-related contents) for all participants before and after the training. After WMT for 20 days, the training group adopted more spontaneous emotion regulation strategies compared with control group. The asymmetry scores of training group improved while viewing negative and drug-related pictures compared to pretest, which suggests that they converted from right-brain asymmetry to left-brain asymmetry. However, the control group declined both in the ERQ scores and the asymmetry scores. These results suggest that WMT improves the emotion regulation of drug abstainers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Deng
- Neuroscience and Intelligent Media Institute, Communication University of China, Beijing, 100024, China; State Key Laboratory of Media Convergence and Communication, Communication University of China, Beijing, 100024, China
| | - Lulu Hou
- Department of Psychology, School of Social and Behavior Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Department of Psychology, School of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- Department of Psychology, School of Social and Behavior Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Renlai Zhou
- Department of Psychology, School of Social and Behavior Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gondré-Lewis MC, Bassey R, Blum K. Pre-clinical models of reward deficiency syndrome: A behavioral octopus. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 115:164-188. [PMID: 32360413 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with mood disorders or with addiction, impulsivity and some personality disorders can share in common a dysfunction in how the brain perceives reward, where processing of natural endorphins or the response to exogenous dopamine stimulants is impaired. Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) is a polygenic trait with implications that suggest cross-talk between different neurological systems that include the known reward pathway, neuroendocrine systems, and motivational systems. In this review we evaluate well-characterized animal models for their construct validity and as potential models for RDS. Animal models used to study substance use disorder, major depressive disorder (MDD), early life stress, immune dysregulation, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), compulsive gambling and compulsive eating disorders are discussed. These disorders recruit underlying reward deficiency mechanisms in multiple brain centers. Because of the widespread and remarkable array of associated/overlapping behavioral manifestations with a common root of hypodopaminergia, the basic endophenotype recognized as RDS is indeed likened to a behavioral octopus. We conclude this review with a look ahead on how these models can be used to investigate potential therapeutics that target the underlying common deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie C Gondré-Lewis
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Street, NW, Washington D.C., 20059, United States; Developmental Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Street, NW, Washington D.C., 20059, United States.
| | - Rosemary Bassey
- Developmental Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Street, NW, Washington D.C., 20059, United States; Department of Science Education, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/ Northwell, 500 Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549, United States
| | - Kenneth Blum
- Western University Health Sciences, Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Pomona, California, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Moretti J, Poh EZ, Rodger J. rTMS-Induced Changes in Glutamatergic and Dopaminergic Systems: Relevance to Cocaine and Methamphetamine Use Disorders. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:137. [PMID: 32210744 PMCID: PMC7068681 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine use disorder and methamphetamine use disorder are chronic, relapsing disorders with no US Food and Drug Administration-approved interventions. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation tool that has been increasingly investigated as a possible therapeutic intervention for substance use disorders. rTMS may have the ability to induce beneficial neuroplasticity in abnormal circuits and networks in individuals with addiction. The aim of this review is to highlight the rationale and potential for rTMS to treat cocaine and methamphetamine dependence: we synthesize the outcomes of studies in healthy humans and animal models to identify and understand the neurobiological mechanisms of rTMS that seem most involved in addiction, focusing on the dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems. rTMS-induced changes to neurotransmitter systems include alterations to striatal dopamine release and metabolite levels, as well as to glutamate transporter and receptor expression, which may be relevant for ameliorating the aberrant plasticity observed in individuals with substance use disorders. We also discuss the clinical studies that have used rTMS in humans with cocaine and methamphetamine use disorders. Many such studies suggest changes in network connectivity following acute rTMS, which may underpin reduced craving following chronic rTMS. We suggest several possible future directions for research relating to the therapeutic potential of rTMS in addiction that would help fill current gaps in the literature. Such research would apply rTMS to animal models of addiction, developing a translational pipeline that would guide evidence-based rTMS treatment of cocaine and methamphetamine use disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Moretti
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Brain Plasticity Group, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Eugenia Z Poh
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Brain Plasticity Group, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Jennifer Rodger
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Brain Plasticity Group, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nesbit MO, Phillips AG. Tetrahydroprotoberberines: A Novel Source of Pharmacotherapies for Substance Use Disorders? Trends Pharmacol Sci 2020; 41:147-161. [PMID: 31987662 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahydroprotoberberines (THPBs) are a class of compounds that target both dopamine D1 and D2 families of receptors, making them attractive candidates for treating substance use disorder (SUD). The binding of some THPBs to serotonin and adrenergic receptors, in addition to dopamine receptors, gives rise to complex pharmacological profiles. Significant progress has been made over the last decade in examining these compounds for their therapeutic potential. Here, we evaluate recent discoveries relating to the neural mechanism and therapeutic effects of THPBs, focusing on compounds that have shown promise in animal models of SUD and preliminary clinical studies. Advancements in structure-activity relationship studies and in silico modeling of THPB binding to dopamine receptors have facilitated the synthesis of novel THPBs with enhanced therapeutic properties and provide insights regarding use of the THPB scaffold to serve as a template for innovative drug designs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maya O Nesbit
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 3402-2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Anthony G Phillips
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 3402-2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kraus SW, Etuk R, Potenza MN. Current pharmacotherapy for gambling disorder: a systematic review. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020; 21:287-296. [PMID: 31928246 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2019.1702969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Gambling disorder is classified as an addictive disorder and is associated with significant distress and impairment in personal, social, occupational or other important areas of functioning. Although no pharmacotherapy has a formal indication for gambling disorder, data suggest potential benefits of specific medications.Area covered: This systematic review evaluated findings from 19 randomized controlled trials testing pharmacotherapies for the treatment of gambling disorder.Expert opinion: Few randomized controlled trials have studied pharmacotherapies for gambling disorder. Though results are limited, opioid antagonists like naltrexone showed promise in the pharmacological treatment of gambling disorder. Pharmacotherapy combined with psychotherapy treatments for gambling disorder may provide better rates of patient retention in comparison to pharmacology-only treatments, though further research is needed in this area. Future studies should address gaps relating to considerations of racial, ethnic, gender and other individual differences in clinical studies. Because gambling disorder often co-occurs with other psychiatric disorders, additional research is needed to test treatments for dually diagnosed patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shane W Kraus
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Repairer Etuk
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,The Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA.,The Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Impaired Recent Verbal Memory in Pornography-Addicted Juvenile Subjects. Neurol Res Int 2019; 2019:2351638. [PMID: 31531240 PMCID: PMC6721264 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2351638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to find the differences in memory capabilities between pornography-addicted and nonaddicted juveniles. We enrolled 30 juveniles (12-16 y) consisting of 15 pornography addiction and 15 nonaddiction subjects. We used Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) to measure verbal memory, Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCFT) for visual memory, along with Trail Making Test A and B (TMT-A and TMT-B) for attention. We found a significant reduction in the RAVLT A6 result of the addiction group (nonaddiction vs addiction: 13.47 ± 2.00 vs 11.67 ± 2.44, MD = -1.80, p=0.04), but not in ROCFT or attention tests. Analysis in sex subgroups yielded no sex-specific difference. We concluded that pornography addiction may be associated with impaired recent verbal memory in juveniles, regardless of sex and without association to attention.
Collapse
|
19
|
Sanna A, Fattore L, Badas P, Corona G, Cocco V, Diana M. Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation of the Prefrontal Cortex in Cocaine Use Disorder: A Pilot Study. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:765. [PMID: 31402851 PMCID: PMC6670008 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is earning a role in the therapeutic arsenal of cocaine use disorder (CUD). A widespread and still growing number of studies have reported beneficial use of repeated TMS (rTMS) in reduction of craving, intake and cue-induced craving in cocaine addicts. In spite of these encouraging findings, many issues are still unresolved such as brain area to be stimulated, laterality of the effects, coil geometry and stimulation protocols/parameters. Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) is a more tolerable protocol administered at lower intensities and shorter intervals than conventional rTMS protocols. Yet, its effects on cocaine craving and length of abstinence in comparison with standard high frequency (10–15 Hz) protocols have never been evaluated so far. In the present paper, we describe the effect of the bilateral iTBS of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in a population (n = 25) of treatment-seeking cocaine addicts, in an outpatient setting, and compare them with 15 Hz stimulation of the same brain area (n = 22). The results indicate that iTBS produces effects on cocaine consumption and cocaine craving virtually superimposable to the 15 Hz rTMS group. Both treatments had low numbers of dropouts and similar side-effects, safety and tolerability profiles. While larger studies are warranted to confirm these observations, iTBS appears to be a valid approach to be considered in treatment-seeking cocaine addicts, especially in light of its brief duration (3 min) vs. 15 Hz stimulation (15 min). The use of iTBS would allow increasing the number of patients treated per day with current rTMS devices, thus reducing patient discomfort and hopefully reducing drop-out rates without compromising clinical effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Sanna
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, Section of Neurology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Liana Fattore
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience-Cagliari, National Research Council, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | | | - Viola Cocco
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, Section of Neurology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marco Diana
- "G. Minardi" Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Heimer R, Hawk K, Vermund SH. Prevalent Misconceptions About Opioid Use Disorders in the United States Produce Failed Policy and Public Health Responses. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 69:546-551. [PMID: 30452633 PMCID: PMC6637277 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The current opioid crisis in the United States has emerged from higher demand for and prescribing of opioids as chronic pain medication, leading to massive diversion into illicit markets. A peculiar tragedy is that many health professionals prescribed opioids in a misguided response to legitimate concerns that pain was undertreated. The crisis grew not only from overprescribing, but also from other sources, including insufficient research into nonopioid pain management, ethical lapses in corporate marketing, historical stigmas directed against people who use drugs, and failures to deploy evidence-based therapies for opioid addiction and to comprehend the limitations of supply-side regulatory approaches. Restricting opioid prescribing perversely accelerated narco-trafficking of heroin and fentanyl with consequent increases in opioid overdose mortality As injection replaced oral consumption, outbreaks of hepatitis B and C virus and human immunodeficiency virus infections have resulted. This viewpoint explores the origins of the crisis and directions needed for effective mitigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Heimer
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, and Departments of
- Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kathryn Hawk
- Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sten H Vermund
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, and Departments of
- Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nunes EJ, Bitner L, Hughley SM, Small KM, Walton SN, Rupprecht LE, Addy NA. Cholinergic Receptor Blockade in the VTA Attenuates Cue-Induced Cocaine-Seeking and Reverses the Anxiogenic Effects of Forced Abstinence. Neuroscience 2019; 413:252-263. [PMID: 31271832 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Drug relapse after periods of abstinence is a common feature of substance abuse. Moreover, anxiety and other mood disorders are often co-morbid with substance abuse. Cholinergic receptors in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are known to mediate drug-seeking and anxiety-related behavior in rodent models. However, it is unclear if overlapping VTA cholinergic mechanisms mediate drug relapse and anxiety-related behaviors associated with drug abstinence. We examined the effects of VTA cholinergic receptor blockade on cue-induced cocaine seeking and anxiety during cocaine abstinence. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to self-administer intravenous cocaine (~0.5 mg/kg/infusion, FR1 schedule) for 10 days, followed by 14 days of forced abstinence. VTA infusion of the non-selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist mecamylamine (0, 10, and 30 μg/side) or the non-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine (0, 2.4 and 24 μg /side) significantly decreased cue-induced cocaine seeking. In cocaine naïve rats, VTA mecamylamine or scopolamine also led to dose-dependent increases in open arm time in the elevated plus maze (EPM). In contrast, rats that received I.V. cocaine, compared to received I.V. saline rats, displayed an anxiogenic response on day 14 of abstinence as reflected by decreased open arm time in the EPM. Furthermore, low doses of VTA mecamylamine (10 μg /side) or scopolamine (2.4 μg /side), that did not alter EPM behavior in cocaine naive rats, were sufficient to reverse the anxiogenic effects of cocaine abstinence. Together, these data point to an overlapping role of VTA cholinergic mechanisms to regulate relapse and mood disorder-related responses during cocaine abstinence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Nunes
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Lillian Bitner
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Shannon M Hughley
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Keri M Small
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Sofia N Walton
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Laura E Rupprecht
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Nii A Addy
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: Re-wiring the alcoholic human brain. Alcohol 2019; 74:113-124. [PMID: 30420113 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. In spite of significant advances in understanding the neural underpinnings of AUDs, therapeutic options remain limited. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as an innovative, safe, and cost-effective treatment for AUDs. Here, we summarize the fundamental principles of rTMS and its putative mechanisms of action via neurocircuitries related to alcohol addiction. We will also discuss advantages and limitations of rTMS, and argue that Hebbian plasticity and connectivity changes, as well as state-dependency, play a role in shaping some of the long-term effects of rTMS. Visual imaging studies will be linked to recent clinical pilot studies describing the effect of rTMS on alcohol craving and intake, pinpointing new advances, and highlighting conceptual gaps to be filled by future controlled studies.
Collapse
|
23
|
Alblooshi H, Al Safar H, Fisher HF, Cordell HJ, El Kashef A, Al Ghaferi H, Shawky M, Reece S, Hulse GK, Tay GK. A case-control genome wide association study of substance use disorder (SUD) identifies novel variants on chromosome 7p14.1 in patients from the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2019; 180:68-79. [PMID: 30556296 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Genome wide association studies (GWASs) have provided insights into the molecular basis of the disorder in different population. This study presents the first GWAS of substance use disorder (SUD) in patients from the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The aim was to identify genetic association(s) that may provide insights into the molecular basis of the disorder. The GWAS discovery cohort consisted of 512 (250 cases and 262 controls) male participants from the UAE. Controls with no prior history of SUD were available from the Emirates family registry. The replication cohort consisted of 520 (415 cases and 105 controls) Australian male Caucasian participants. The GWAS discovery samples were genotyped for 4.6 million single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). The replication cohort was genotyped using TaqMan assay. The GWAS association analysis identified three potential SNPs rs118129027 (p-value = 6.24 × 10-8 ), rs74477937 (p-value = 8.56 × 10-8 ) and rs78707086 (p-value = 8.55 × 10-8 ) on ch7p14.1, that did not meet the GWAS significance threshold but were highly suggestive. In the replication cohort, the association of the three top SNPs did not reach statistical significance. In a meta-analysis of the discovery and the replication cohorts, there were no strengthen evidence for association of the three SNPs. The top identified rs118129027 overlaps with a regulatory factor (enhancer) region that targets three neighboring genes LOC105375237, LOC105375240, and YAE1D1. The YAE1D1, which represents a potential locus that is involved in regulating translation initiation pathway. Novel associations that require further confirmation were identified, suggesting a new insight to the genetic basis of SUD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Alblooshi
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Human Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Habiba Al Safar
- Center of Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Holly F Fisher
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Heather J Cordell
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed El Kashef
- National Rehabilitation Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Mansour Shawky
- National Rehabilitation Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Stuart Reece
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gary K Hulse
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medical Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Guan K Tay
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Center of Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,School of Medical Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rochat L, Maurage P, Heeren A, Billieux J. Let's Open the Decision-Making Umbrella: A Framework for Conceptualizing and Assessing Features of Impaired Decision Making in Addiction. Neuropsychol Rev 2018; 29:27-51. [PMID: 30293096 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-018-9387-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Decision-making impairments play a pivotal role in the emergence and maintenance of addictive disorders. However, a sound conceptualization of decision making as an umbrella construct, encompassing its cognitive, affective, motivational, and physiological subcomponents, is still lacking. This prevents an efficient evaluation of the heterogeneity of decision-making impairments and the development of tailored treatment. This paper thus unfolds the various processes involved in decision making by adopting a critical approach of prominent dual- or triadic-process models, which postulate that decision making is influenced by the interplay of impulsive-automatic, reflective-controlled, and interoceptive processes. Our approach also focuses on social cognition processes, which play a crucial role in decision making and addictive disorders but were largely ignored in previous dual- or triadic-process models. We propose here a theoretical framework in which a range of coordinated processes are first identified on the basis of their theoretical and clinical relevance. Each selected process is then defined before reviewing available results underlining its role in addictive disorders (i.e., substance use, gambling, and gaming disorders). Laboratory tasks for measuring each process are also proposed, initiating a preliminary process-based decision-making assessment battery. This original approach may offer an especially informative view of the constitutive features of decision-making impairments in addiction. As prior research has implicated these features as risk factors for the development and maintenance of addictive disorders, our processual approach sets the scene for novel and transdiagnostic experimental and applied research avenues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucien Rochat
- Cognitive Psychopathology and Neuropsychology Unit, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Maurage
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Science Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Heeren
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Science Research Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joël Billieux
- Addictive and Compulsive Behaviours Lab (ACB-Lab), Institute for Health and Behaviour, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
- Centre for Excessive Gambling, Lausanne University Hospitals (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Addiction Division, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Huber R, Imeh-Nathaniel A, Nathaniel TI, Gore S, Datta U, Bhimani R, Panksepp JB, Panksepp J, van Staaden MJ. Drug-sensitive Reward in Crayfish: Exploring the Neural Basis of Addiction with Automated Learning Paradigms. Behav Processes 2018; 152:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
26
|
Bolloni C, Badas P, Corona G, Diana M. Transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of cocaine addiction: evidence to date. Subst Abuse Rehabil 2018; 9:11-21. [PMID: 29849473 PMCID: PMC5967377 DOI: 10.2147/sar.s161206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a common consensus in considering substance-use disorders (SUDs) a devastating chronic illness with social and psychological impact. Despite significant progress in understanding the neurobiology of SUDs, therapeutic advances have proceeded at a slower pace, in particular for cocaine-use disorder (CUD). Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is gaining support as a safe and cost-effective tool in the treatment of SUDs. In this review, we consider human studies that have investigated the efficacy of TMS in achieving therapeutic benefits in treating CUD. All studies conducted to date that have evaluated the therapeutic effect of TMS in CUD are included. We focus on the protocol of stimulation applied, emphasizing the neurophysiological effects of coils employed related to outcomes. Moreover, we examine the subjective and objective measurements used to assess the therapeutic effects along the timeline considered. The revision of scientific literatures underscores the therapeutic potential of TMS in treating CUD. However, the variability in stimulation protocols applied and the lack of methodological control do not allow us to draw firm conclusions, and further studies are warranted to examine the interaction between TMS patterns of stimulation relative to clinical outcomes in depth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Bolloni
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, G Minardi Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Paola Badas
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, G Minardi Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Corona
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, G Minardi Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marco Diana
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, G Minardi Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Tresa Zanda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Liana Fattore
- Institute of Neuroscience-Cagliari, National Research Council of Italy, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Leurquin-Sterk G, Ceccarini J, Crunelle CL, de Laat B, Verbeek J, Deman S, Neels H, Bormans G, Peuskens H, Van Laere K. Lower Limbic Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 Availability in Alcohol Dependence. J Nucl Med 2018; 59:682-690. [PMID: 29348321 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.199422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal studies suggest an important role for the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGlu5) in the pathophysiology of alcohol dependence, but direct human evidence is lacking. The goal of this study was to investigate cerebral mGlu5 availability in alcohol-dependent subjects versus controls using 18F-3-fluoro-5-[(pyridin-3-yl)ethynyl]benzonitrile (18F-FPEB) PET. Methods: Dynamic 90-min 18F-FPEB scans combined with arterial blood sampling were acquired for 16 recently abstinent alcohol-dependent subjects and 32 age-matched controls. Regional mGlu5 availability was quantified by the 18F-FPEB total distribution volume using both a voxel-by-voxel and a volume-of-interest analysis with partial-volume effect correction. Alcohol consumption within the last 3 mo was assessed by questionnaires and by hair ethyl glucuronide analysis. Craving was assessed using the Desire for Alcohol Questionnaire. Results: mGlu5 availability was lower in mainly limbic regions of alcohol-dependent subjects than in controls (P < 0.05, familywise error-corrected), ranging from 14% in the posterior cingulate cortex to 36% in the caudate nucleus. Lower mGlu5 availability was associated with higher hair ethyl glucuronide levels for most regions and was related to a lower level of craving specifically in the middle frontal gyrus, cingulate cortex, and inferolateral temporal lobe. Conclusion: These findings provide human in vivo evidence that limbic mGlu5 has a role in the pathophysiology of alcohol dependence, possibly involved in a compensatory mechanism helping to reduce craving during abstinence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gil Leurquin-Sterk
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jenny Ceccarini
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cleo L Crunelle
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bart de Laat
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,MoSAIC: Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jef Verbeek
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Deman
- Genomics Core, UZ Leuven, and Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hugo Neels
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Guy Bormans
- Laboratory for Radiopharmacy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and
| | - Hendrik Peuskens
- University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, Kortenberg, and Kliniek Broeders Alexianen, Tienen, Belgium
| | - Koen Van Laere
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,MoSAIC: Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Surgical Treatment for Refractory Drug Addiction. Neuromodulation 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-805353-9.00090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
30
|
Takahashi T. Can quantum approaches benefit biology of decision making? PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 130:99-102. [PMID: 28601595 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Human decision making has recently been focused in the emerging fields of quantum decision theory and neuroeconomics. The former discipline utilizes mathematical formulations developed in quantum theory, while the latter combines behavioral economics and neurobiology. In this paper, the author speculates on possible future directions unifying the two approaches, by contrasting the roles of quantum theory in the birth of molecular biology of the gene.
Collapse
|
31
|
Diana M, Raij T, Melis M, Nummenmaa A, Leggio L, Bonci A. Rehabilitating the addicted brain with transcranial magnetic stimulation. Nat Rev Neurosci 2017; 18:685-693. [PMID: 28951609 DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2017.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In spite of considerable advances in understanding the neural underpinnings of SUDs, therapeutic options remain limited. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) as an innovative, safe and cost-effective treatment for some SUDs. Repetitive TMS (rTMS) influences neural activity in the short and long term by mechanisms involving neuroplasticity both locally, under the stimulating coil, and at the network level, throughout the brain. The long-term neurophysiological changes induced by rTMS have the potential to affect behaviours relating to drug craving, intake and relapse. Here, we review TMS mechanisms and evidence that rTMS is opening new avenues in addiction treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Diana
- 'G. Minardi' Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Tommi Raij
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Center for Brain Stimulation, the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and the Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Miriam Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Aapo Nummenmaa
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH)/Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)/Harvard Medical School (HMS) Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, US National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research (NIAAA DICBR) and US National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program (NIDA IRP), NIH (National Institutes of Health), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA; and at the Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Antonello Bonci
- US National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program (NIDA IRP); and at the Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Neural correlates of cognitive control in gambling disorder: a systematic review of fMRI studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 78:104-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
33
|
Li Y, Xia B, Li R, Yin D, Liang W. Changes in Expression of Dopamine, Its Receptor, and Transporter in Nucleus Accumbens of Heroin-Addicted Rats with Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Overexpression. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:2805-2815. [PMID: 28598964 PMCID: PMC5473376 DOI: 10.12659/msm.904670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to explore how changes in the expression of BDNF in MLDS change the effect of BDNF on dopamine (DA) neurons, which may have therapeutic implications for heroin addiction. MATERIAL AND METHODS We established a rat model of heroin addiction and observed changes in the expression of BDNF, DA, dopamine receptor (DRD), dopamine transporter (DAT), and other relevant pathways in NAc. We also assessed the effect of BDNF overexpression in the NAc, behavioral changes of heroin-conditioned place preference (CPP), and naloxone withdrawal in rats with high levels of BDNF. We established 5 adult male rat groups: heroin addiction, lentivirus transfection, blank virus, sham operation, and control. The PCR gene chip was used to study gene expression changes. BDNF lentivirus transfection was used for BDNF overexpression. A heroin CPP model and a naloxone withdrawal model of rats were established. RESULTS Expression changes were found in 20 of the 84 DA-associated genes in the NAc of heroin-addicted rats. Weight loss and withdrawal symptoms in the lentivirus group for naloxone withdrawal was less than in the blank virus and the sham operation group. These 2 latter groups also showed significant behavioral changes, but such changes were not observed in the BDNF lentivirus group before or after training. DRD3 and DAT increased in the NAc of the lentivirus group. CONCLUSIONS BDNF and DA in the NAc are involved in heroin addiction. BDNF overexpression in NAc reduces withdrawal symptoms and craving behavior for medicine induced by environmental cues for heroin-addicted rats. BDNF participates in the regulation of the dopamine system by acting on DRD3 and DAT.
Collapse
|
34
|
Israel Y, Karahanian E, Ezquer F, Morales P, Ezquer M, Rivera-Meza M, Herrera-Marschitz M, Quintanilla ME. Acquisition, Maintenance and Relapse-Like Alcohol Drinking: Lessons from the UChB Rat Line. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:57. [PMID: 28420969 PMCID: PMC5378819 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article addresses the biological factors that influence: (i) the acquisition of alcohol intake; (ii) the maintenance of chronic alcohol intake; and (iii) alcohol relapse-like drinking behavior in animals bred for their high-ethanol intake. Data from several rat strains/lines strongly suggest that catalase-mediated brain oxidation of ethanol into acetaldehyde is an absolute requirement (up 80%–95%) for rats to display ethanol’s reinforcing effects and to initiate chronic ethanol intake. Acetaldehyde binds non-enzymatically to dopamine forming salsolinol, a compound that is self-administered. In UChB rats, salsolinol: (a) generates marked sensitization to the motivational effects of ethanol; and (b) strongly promotes binge-like drinking. The specificity of salsolinol actions is shown by the finding that only the R-salsolinol enantiomer but not S-salsolinol accounted for the latter effects. Inhibition of brain acetaldehyde synthesis does not influence the maintenance of chronic ethanol intake. However, a prolonged ethanol withdrawal partly returns the requirement for acetaldehyde synthesis/levels both on chronic ethanol intake and on alcohol relapse-like drinking. Chronic ethanol intake, involving the action of lipopolysaccharide diffusing from the gut, and likely oxygen radical generated upon catechol/salsolinol oxidation, leads to oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation, known to potentiate each other. Data show that the administration of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) a strong antioxidant inhibits chronic ethanol maintenance by 60%–70%, without inhibiting its initial intake. Intra-cerebroventricular administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), known to release anti-inflammatory cytokines, to elevate superoxide dismutase levels and to reverse ethanol-induced hippocampal injury and cognitive deficits, also inhibited chronic ethanol maintenance; further, relapse-like ethanol drinking was inhibited up to 85% for 40 days following intracerebral stem cell administration. Thus: (i) ethanol must be metabolized intracerebrally into acetaldehyde, and further into salsolinol, which appear responsible for promoting the acquisition of the early reinforcing effects of ethanol; (ii) acetaldehyde is not responsible for the maintenance of chronic ethanol intake, while other mechanisms are indicated; (iii) the systemic administration of NAC, a strong antioxidant markedly inhibits the maintenance of chronic ethanol intake; and (iv) the intra-cerebroventricular administration of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant MSCs inhibit both the maintenance of chronic ethanol intake and relapse-like drinking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yedy Israel
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Karahanian
- Center for Biomedical Research, Universidad Autónoma de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del DesarrolloSantiago, Chile
| | - Paola Morales
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del DesarrolloSantiago, Chile
| | - Mario Rivera-Meza
- Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Mario Herrera-Marschitz
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - María E Quintanilla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of ChileSantiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Froeliger B, McConnell PA, Bell S, Sweitzer M, Kozink RV, Eichberg C, Hallyburton M, Kaiser N, Gray KM, McClernon FJ. Association Between Baseline Corticothalamic-Mediated Inhibitory Control and Smoking Relapse Vulnerability. JAMA Psychiatry 2017; 74:379-386. [PMID: 28249070 PMCID: PMC5562280 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Tobacco use disorder is associated with dysregulated neurocognitive function in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG)-one node in a corticothalamic inhibitory control (IC) network. OBJECTIVE To examine associations between IC neural circuitry structure and function and lapse/relapse vulnerability in 2 independent studies of adult smokers. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In study 1, treatment-seeking smokers (n = 81) completed an IC task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) before making a quit attempt and then were followed up for 10 weeks after their quit date. In study 2, a separate group of smokers (n = 26) performed the same IC task during fMRI, followed by completing a laboratory-based smoking relapse analog task. Study 1 was performed at Duke University Medical Center between 2008 and 2012; study 2 was conducted at the Medical University of South Carolina between 2013 and 2016. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Associations between corticothalamic-mediated IC, gray-matter volume, and smoking lapse/relapse. RESULTS Of the 81 study participants in study 1 (cessation study), 45 were women (56%), with mean (SD) age, 38.4 (10.2) years. In study 1, smoking relapse was associated with less gray-matter volume (F1,74 = 28.32; familywise error P threshold = 0.03), greater IC task-related blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) response in the right IFG (F1,78 = 14.87) and thalamus (F1,78 = 14.97) (P < .05), and weaker corticothalamic task-based functional connectivity (tbFC) (F1,77 = 5.87; P = .02). Of the 26 participants in study 2 (laboratory study), 15 were women (58%), with mean (SD) age, 34.9 (10.3). Similar to study 1, in study 2, greater IC-BOLD response in the right IFG (t23 = -2.49; β = -0.47; P = .02), and weaker corticothalamic tbFC (t22 = 5.62; β = 0.79; P < .001) were associated with smoking sooner during the smoking relapse-analog task. In both studies, corticothalamic tbFC mediated the association between IC performance and smoking outcomes. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In these 2 studies, baseline differences in corticothalamic circuitry function were associated with mediated IC and smoking relapse vulnerability. These findings warrant further examination of interventions for augmenting corticothalamic neurotransmission and enhancing IC during the course of tobacco use disorder treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brett Froeliger
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston2Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston3Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston4Center for Biomedical Imaging, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | | | - Spencer Bell
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Maggie Sweitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rachel V. Kozink
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Christie Eichberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Matt Hallyburton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Nicole Kaiser
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kevin M. Gray
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - F. Joseph McClernon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina6Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Harricharan R, Abboussi O, Daniels WM. Addiction: A dysregulation of satiety and inflammatory processes. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2017; 235:65-91. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
37
|
Struik D, Fadda P, Zara T, Zamberletti E, Rubino T, Parolaro D, Fratta W, Fattore L. The anabolic steroid nandrolone alters cannabinoid self-administration and brain CB 1 receptor density and function. Pharmacol Res 2016; 115:209-217. [PMID: 27890818 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and pre-clinical observations indicate that anabolic-androgenic steroids can induce neurobiological changes that alter the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse. In this study, we investigated the effect of the anabolic steroid nandrolone on the rewarding properties of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist WIN55,212-2 (WIN) in rats. Lister Hooded male rats were treated intramuscularly with nandrolone (15mg/kg) or vehicle for 14 consecutive days, and then allowed to self-administer WIN (12.5μg/kg/infusion) intravenously. After reaching stable drug intake, self-administration behavior was extinguished to examine drug- and cue-induced reinstatement of cannabinoid-seeking behavior. Other behavioral parameters presumed to influence drug-taking and drug-seeking behaviors were examined to gain more insight into the behavioral specificity of nandrolone treatment. Finally, animals were sacrificed for analysis of CB1 receptor density and function in selected brain areas. We found that nandrolone-treated rats self-administered up to 2 times more cannabinoid than vehicle-treated rats, but behaved similarly to control rats when tested for drug- and cue-induced reinstatement of cannabinoid-seeking behavior. Enhanced cannabinoid intake by nandrolone-treated rats was not accompanied by changes in locomotor activity, sensorimotor gating, or memory function. However, our molecular data show that after chronic WIN self-administration nandrolone-treated rats display altered CB1 receptor density and function in selected brain areas. We hypothesize that increased cannabinoid self-administration in nandrolone-treated rats results from a nandrolone-induced decrease in reward function, which rats seem to compensate by voluntarily increasing their cannabinoid intake. Altogether, our findings corroborate the hypothesis that chronic exposure to anabolic-androgenic steroids induces dysfunction of the reward pathway in rats and might represent a potential risk factor for abuse of cannabis and other drugs in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dicky Struik
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713ZG, the Netherlands
| | - Paola Fadda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS 554Km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; Centre of Excellence "Neurobiology of Dependence", University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS 554 Km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Tamara Zara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS 554Km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Erica Zamberletti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, and Neuroscience Center University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy
| | - Tiziana Rubino
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, and Neuroscience Center University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy
| | - Daniela Parolaro
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, and Neuroscience Center University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, VA, Italy; Zardi Gori Foundation, Via Curtatone 25, Milano, Italy
| | - Walter Fratta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS 554Km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; Centre of Excellence "Neurobiology of Dependence", University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS 554 Km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Liana Fattore
- Centre of Excellence "Neurobiology of Dependence", University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS 554 Km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; CNR Institute of Neuroscience-Cagliari, National Research Council, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yun S, Reynolds RP, Masiulis I, Eisch AJ. Re-evaluating the link between neuropsychiatric disorders and dysregulated adult neurogenesis. Nat Med 2016; 22:1239-1247. [PMID: 27783068 PMCID: PMC5791154 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
People diagnosed with neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, addiction or schizophrenia often have dysregulated memory, mood, pattern separation and/or reward processing. These symptoms are indicative of a disrupted function of the dentate gyrus (DG) subregion of the brain, and they improve with treatment and remission. The dysfunction of the DG is accompanied by structural maladaptations, including dysregulation of adult-generated neurons. An increasing number of studies using modern inducible approaches to manipulate new neurons show that the behavioral symptoms in animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders can be produced or exacerbated by the inhibition of DG neurogenesis. Thus, here we posit that the connection between neuropsychiatric disorders and dysregulated DG neurogenesis is beyond correlation or epiphenomenon, and that the regulation of adult-generated DG neurogenesis merits continued and focused attention in the ongoing effort to develop novel treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanghee Yun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ryan P Reynolds
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Irene Masiulis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Amelia J Eisch
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Perry CJ, Lawrence AJ. Addiction, cognitive decline and therapy: seeking ways to escape a vicious cycle. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2016; 16:205-218. [DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. J. Perry
- Behavioural Neuroscience Division; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; Melbourne VIC Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - A. J. Lawrence
- Behavioural Neuroscience Division; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; Melbourne VIC Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC Australia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Resendez SL, Keyes PC, Day JJ, Hambro C, Austin CJ, Maina FK, Eidson LN, Porter-Stransky KA, Nevárez N, McLean JW, Kuhnmuench MA, Murphy AZ, Mathews TA, Aragona BJ. Dopamine and opioid systems interact within the nucleus accumbens to maintain monogamous pair bonds. eLife 2016; 5:e15325. [PMID: 27371827 PMCID: PMC4972541 DOI: 10.7554/elife.15325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Prairie vole breeder pairs form monogamous pair bonds, which are maintained through the expression of selective aggression toward novel conspecifics. Here, we utilize behavioral and anatomical techniques to extend the current understanding of neural mechanisms that mediate pair bond maintenance. For both sexes, we show that pair bonding up-regulates mRNA expression for genes encoding D1-like dopamine (DA) receptors and dynorphin as well as enhances stimulated DA release within the nucleus accumbens (NAc). We next show that D1-like receptor regulation of selective aggression is mediated through downstream activation of kappa-opioid receptors (KORs) and that activation of these receptors mediates social avoidance. Finally, we also identified sex-specific alterations in KOR binding density within the NAc shell of paired males and demonstrate that this alteration contributes to the neuroprotective effect of pair bonding against drug reward. Together, these findings suggest motivational and valence processing systems interact to mediate the maintenance of social bonds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanna L Resendez
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Piper C Keyes
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Jeremy J Day
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmangham, United States
| | - Caely Hambro
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Curtis J Austin
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Francis K Maina
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, United States
| | - Lori N Eidson
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, United States
| | - Kirsten A Porter-Stransky
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, United States
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, United States
| | - Natalie Nevárez
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - J William McLean
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmangham, United States
| | - Morgan A Kuhnmuench
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Anne Z Murphy
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, United States
| | - Tiffany A Mathews
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, United States
| | - Brandon J Aragona
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, United States
| |
Collapse
|