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Bi M, Li D, Zhang J. Role of curcumin in ischemia and reperfusion injury. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1057144. [PMID: 37021057 PMCID: PMC10067738 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1057144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is an inevitable pathological process after organic transplantations. Although traditional treatments restore the blood supply of ischemic organs, the damage caused by IRI is always ignored. Therefore, the ideal and effective therapeutic strategy to mitigate IRI is warrented. Curcumin is a type of polyphenols, processing such properties as anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis. However, although many researches have been confirmed that curcumin can exert great effects on the mitigation of IRI, there are still some controversies about its underlying mechanisms among these researches. Thus, this review is to summarize the protective role of curcumin against IRI as well as the controversies of current researches, so as to clarify its underlying mechanisms clearly and provide clinicians a novel idea of the therapy for IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglei Bi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Danyi Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiading District Central Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- *Correspondence: Jin Zhang,
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2
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Li Y, Zhang S, Cui K, Cao L, Fan Y, Fang B. miR-872-5p/FOXO3a/Wnt signaling feed-forward loop promotes proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells after spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22760. [PMID: 36607643 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200962rrrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The activation of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) is considered an important mechanism of neural repair after mechanical spinal cord injury; however, whether endogenous NSC proliferation can also occur after spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (SCIRI) remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to verify the existence of endogenous NSC proliferation after SCIRI and explore the underlying molecular mechanism. NSC proliferation was observed after SCIRI in vivo and oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) in vitro, accompanied by a decrease in forkhead box protein O 3a (FOXO3a) expression. This downward trend was regulated by the increased expression of microRNA-872-5p (miR-872-5p). miR-872-5p affected NSC proliferation by targeting FOXO3a to increase the expression of β-catenin and T-cell factor 4 (TCF4). In addition, TCF4 in turn acted as a transcription factor to increase the expression level of miR-872-5p, and knockdown of FOXO3a enhanced the binding of TCF4 to the miR-872-5p promoter. In conclusion, SCIRI in vivo and OGD/R in vitro stimulated the miR-872-5p/FOXO3a/β-catenin-TCF4 pathway, thereby promoting NSC proliferation. At the same time, FOXO3a affected TCF4 transcription factor activity and miR-872-5p expression, forming a positive feedback loop that promotes NSC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shaoqiong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kaile Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Linyan Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yiting Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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3
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Wang DH, Chen JS, Hou R, Li Y, An JH, He P, Cai ZG, Liang XH, Liu YL. Comparison of transcriptome profiles of mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord and bone marrow of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Gene X 2022; 845:146854. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Li J, Xue M, Zhang L, Li L, Lian H, Li M, Gao T, Fu T, Tu Y. Integration of Long Non-Coding RNA and mRNA Profiling Reveals the Mechanisms of Different Dietary NFC/NDF Ratios Induced Rumen Development in Calves. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:650. [PMID: 35268218 PMCID: PMC8909194 DOI: 10.3390/ani12050650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of dietary non-fibrous carbohydrate to neutral detergent fiber (NFC/NDF) ratios on rumen development of calves, and to investigate the mechanisms by integrating of lncRNA and mRNA profiling. Forty-five weaned Charolais hybrid calves [body weight = 94.38 ± 2.50 kg; age = 70 ± 2.69 d] were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups with different dietary NFC/NDF ratios: 1.10 (H group), 0.94 (M group) and 0.60 (L group), respectively. The ventral sac of the rumen was sampled for morphological observation and transcriptional sequencing. The average daily gain of calves in the high NFC/NDF ratio group was significantly higher than that in other groups (p < 0.05). Papillae width was largest in high NFC/NDF ratio group calves (p < 0.05). Identified differentially expressed genes that were significantly enriched in pathways closely related to rumen epithelial development included focal adhesion, Wingless-int signaling pathway, thyroid hormone signaling pathway, regulation of actin cytoskeleton and cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. The lncRNA-mRNA network included XLOC_068691 and MOAB, XLOC_023657 and DKK2, XLOC_064331 and PPP1R12A which we interpret to mean they have important regulatory roles in calve rumen development. These findings will serve as a theoretical basis for further analysis of the molecular genetic mechanism of dietary factors affecting rumen development in calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichao Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (J.L.); (M.X.); (L.Z.); (H.L.); (M.L.); (T.G.)
| | - Mingming Xue
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (J.L.); (M.X.); (L.Z.); (H.L.); (M.L.); (T.G.)
| | - Liyang Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (J.L.); (M.X.); (L.Z.); (H.L.); (M.L.); (T.G.)
| | - Lanjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Hongxia Lian
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (J.L.); (M.X.); (L.Z.); (H.L.); (M.L.); (T.G.)
| | - Ming Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (J.L.); (M.X.); (L.Z.); (H.L.); (M.L.); (T.G.)
| | - Tengyun Gao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (J.L.); (M.X.); (L.Z.); (H.L.); (M.L.); (T.G.)
| | - Tong Fu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (J.L.); (M.X.); (L.Z.); (H.L.); (M.L.); (T.G.)
| | - Yan Tu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
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The Sonic Hedgehog Pathway Modulates Survival, Proliferation, and Differentiation of Neural Progenitor Cells under Inflammatory Stress In Vitro. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040736. [PMID: 35203385 PMCID: PMC8869809 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sonic Hedgehog protein (Shh) has been extensively researched since its discovery in 1980. Its crucial role in early neurogenesis and endogenous stem cells of mature brains, as well as its recently described neuroprotective features, implicate further important effects on neuronal homeostasis. Here, we investigate its potential role in the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of neural precursors cells (NPCs) under inflammatory stress as a potential adjunct for NPC-transplantation strategies in spinal cord injury (SCI) treatment. To this end, we simulated an inflammatory environment in vitro using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and induced the Shh-pathway using recombinant Shh or blocked it using Cyclopamine, a potent Smo inhibitor. We found that Shh mediates the proliferation and neuronal differentiation potential of NPCs in vitro, even in an inflammatory stress environment mimicking the subacute phase after SCI. At the same time, our results indicate that a reduction of the Shh-pathway activation by blockage with Cyclopamine is associated with reduced NPC-survival, reduced neuronal differentiation and increased astroglial differentiation. Shh might thus, play a role in endogenous NPC-mediated neuroregeneration or even be a potent conjunct to NPC-based therapies in the inflammatory environment after SCI.
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Beker MC, Caglayan AB, Altunay S, Ozbay E, Ates N, Kelestemur T, Caglayan B, Kilic U, Doeppner TR, Hermann DM, Kilic E. Phosphodiesterase 10A Is a Critical Target for Neuroprotection in a Mouse Model of Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:574-589. [PMID: 34735672 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02621-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) hydrolyzes adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP). It is highly expressed in the striatum. Recent evidence implied that PDE10A may be involved in the inflammatory processes following injury, such as ischemic stroke. Its role in ischemic injury was unknown. Herein, we exposed mice to 90 or 30-min middle cerebral artery occlusion, followed by the delivery of the highly selective PDE10A inhibitor TAK-063 (0.3 mg/kg or 3 mg/kg) immediately after reperfusion. Animals were sacrificed after 24 or 72 h, respectively. Both TAK-063 doses enhanced neurological function, reduced infarct volume, increased neuronal survival, reduced brain edema, and increased blood-brain barrier integrity, alongside cerebral microcirculation improvements. Post-ischemic neuroprotection was associated with increased phosphorylation (i.e., activation) of pro-survival Akt, Erk-1/2, GSK-3α/β and anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL abundance, decreased phosphorylation of pro-survival mTOR, and HIF-1α, MMP-9 and pro-apoptotic Bax abundance. Interestingly, PDE10A inhibition reduced inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, including IFN-γ and TNF-α, analyzed by planar surface immunoassay. In addition, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry revealed 40 proteins were significantly altered by TAK-063. Our study established PDE10A as a target for ischemic stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa C Beker
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey. .,Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet B Caglayan
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Physiology, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Altunay
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Ozbay
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nilay Ates
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Taha Kelestemur
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berrak Caglayan
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Medical Genetics, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ulkan Kilic
- Department of Medical Biology, International School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Thorsten R Doeppner
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ertugrul Kilic
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Xiao H, Jiang Q, Qiu H, Wu K, Ma X, Yang J, Cheng O. Gastrodin promotes hippocampal neurogenesis via PDE9-cGMP-PKG pathway in mice following cerebral ischemia. Neurochem Int 2021; 150:105171. [PMID: 34419525 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Gastrodin, which is extracted from the Chinese herbal medicine Gastrodia elata Blume, can ameliorate neurogenesis after cerebral ischemia. However, it's possible underlying mechanisms remain still elusive. PDE9-cGMP-PKG signaling pathway is involved in the proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) after cerebral ischemia. In this study, we investigated whether the beneficial effect of gastrodin on hippocampal neurogenesis after cerebral ischemia is correlated with the PDE9-cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. Bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) in mice and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in primary cultured hippocampal NSCs were used to mimic brain ischemic injury. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was executed to detect spatial learning and memory. Proliferation, differentiation, and mature neurons were examined using immunofluorescence. The survival and proliferation of NSCs were assessed by CCK-8 assay and BrdU immunofluorescence staining, respectively. ELISA and western blot were used to detect the level of the PDE9-cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. In BCCAO mice, administering gastrodin (50 and 100 mg/kg) for 14 d restored cognitive behaviors; meanwhile, neurogenesis in hippocampus was stimulated, and PDE9 was inhibited and cGMP-PKG was activated by gastrodin. Consistent with the results, administering gastrodin (from 0.01-1 μmol/L) for 48 h dose-dependently ameliorated the cell viability and promoted greatly the proliferation in primary hippocampal NSCs exposed to OGD/R. Gastrodin further decreased PDE9 activity and up-regulated cGMP-PKG level. KT5823, a PKG inhibitor, markedly abrogated the protective effects of gastrodin on OGD/R-injured NSCs, accompanied by the down-regulation of PKG protein expression, but had no effects on PDE9 activity and cGMP level. Gastrodin could accelerate hippocampal neurogenesis after cerebral ischemia, which is mediated, at least partly, by PDE9-cGMP-PKG signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Key Lab of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingsong Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Key Lab of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Key Lab of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Key Lab of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaojiao Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Key Lab of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junxia Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Key Lab of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Oumei Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Ma X, Cheng O, Jiang Q, Yang J, Xiao H, Qiu H. Activation of ephrinb1/EPHB2/MAP-2/NMDAR Mediates Hippocampal Neurogenesis Promoted by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Cerebral-Ischemic Mice. Neuromolecular Med 2021; 23:521-530. [PMID: 33782855 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-021-08654-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
tDCS, a new, safe, non-invasive physical therapy method, is often used in motor dysfunction rehabilitation. However, the effects and underlying mechanisms of tDCS on hippocampal neurogenesis after cerebral ischemia (CI) are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the promotive effect and mechanism of repetitive anodal-tDCS on hippocampal neurogenesis after CI in mice. The CI model in mice was established using bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). The pathological changes in the hippocampal CA1 region and cognitive function were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and Morris water maze test, respectively. Hippocampal neurogenesis was observed by immunofluorescence staining. The levels of expression of ephrinb1, EPHB2, MAP-2, and NMDAR in the hippocampi were analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Compared with the sham mice, the model mice showed significant neuronal damage in the hippocampal CA1 region (P < 0.01), cognitive dysfunction (P < 0.01), and endogenous hippocampal neurogenesis (P < 0.01). These results suggested that the CI model was successfully established, and that CI could promote endogenous hippocampal neurogenesis, but this hippocampal neurogenesis was unable to recover cognitive dysfunction. Compared with the model mice, the tDCS mice had ameliorated pathological damage in the CA1 region (P < 0.01), improved cognitive function (P < 0.01), increased hippocampal neurogenesis (P < 0.01), and increased mRNA and protein expression of ephrinb1, EPHB2, MAP-2, and NMDAR (P < 0.05). Repetitive anodal-tDCS can promote hippocampal neurogenesis and improve cognitive function in CI mice. The effect may be related to the activation of the ephrinb1/EPHB2/MAP-2/NMDAR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Key Lab of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Lab Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Oumei Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingsong Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Key Lab of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Lab Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Junxia Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Key Lab of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Lab Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Huan Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Key Lab of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Lab Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hongmei Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Key Lab of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Lab Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Genes Induced by Panax Notoginseng in a Rodent Model of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:8873261. [PMID: 33294469 PMCID: PMC7714582 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8873261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a cerebrovascular disease that results in decreased blood flow. Although Panax notoginseng (PN), a Chinese herbal medicine, has been proven to promote stroke recovery, its molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was induced in rats with thrombi generated by thread and subsequently treated with PN. After that, staining with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride was employed to evaluate the infarcted area, and electron microscopy was used to assess ultrastructural changes of the neurovascular unit. RNA-Seq was performed to determine the differential expressed genes (DEGs) which were then verified by qPCR. In total, 817 DEGs were identified to be related to the therapeutic effect of PN on stroke recovery. Further analysis by Gene Oncology analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes revealed that most of these genes were involved in the biological function of nerves and blood vessels through the regulation of neuroactive live receptor interactions of PI3K-Akt, Rap1, cAMP, and cGMP-PKG signaling, which included in the 18 pathways identified in our research, of which, 9 were reported firstly that related to PN's neuroprotective effect. This research sheds light on the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of PN on stroke recovery.
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