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Cournoyer M, Maldera A, Gauthier AC, Dal Maso F, Mathieu ME. Effect of odor stimulations on physical activity: A systematic review. Physiol Behav 2024; 273:114408. [PMID: 37949307 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Fewer and fewer people are reaching physical activity recommendations. Therefore, it seems important to make the practice of physical activity more enjoyable to increase the participation rate. Several environmental factors have been studied to see their impact on sports practice, and some studies investigated the effect of odors. This systematic review aims to provide a thorough view of the literature on the effect of different odors on physical activity. The search strategy consisted of using index terms and keywords in MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science search engine. Data from 19 studies that included 458 participants revealed that the odors had different results on strength, cardiovascular, precision, and postural balance tasks depending on the odors' exposition. Among results, an important distinction was made between pleasant and unpleasant odors. Therefore, pleasant odors had better results on physical activity by improving participants' feeling. Even though this review clarified evidence about the effect of odors on physical activity, better methodological consistency is needed across studies such as the odor administration method to produce more meaningful results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Cournoyer
- École de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de l'Activité Physique de la Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, 2100 Edouard Montpetit Blvd #8223, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Alice Maldera
- École de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de l'Activité Physique de la Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, 2100 Edouard Montpetit Blvd #8223, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Alexandre-Charles Gauthier
- École de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de l'Activité Physique de la Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, 2100 Edouard Montpetit Blvd #8223, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Fabien Dal Maso
- École de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de l'Activité Physique de la Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, 2100 Edouard Montpetit Blvd #8223, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur le Cerveau et l'Apprentissage, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Eve Mathieu
- École de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de l'Activité Physique de la Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, 2100 Edouard Montpetit Blvd #8223, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 2100 Edouard Montpetit Blvd #8223, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
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Braine A, Georges F. Emotion in action: When emotions meet motor circuits. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 155:105475. [PMID: 37996047 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The brain is a remarkably complex organ responsible for a wide range of functions, including the modulation of emotional states and movement. Neuronal circuits are believed to play a crucial role in integrating sensory, cognitive, and emotional information to ultimately guide motor behavior. Over the years, numerous studies employing diverse techniques such as electrophysiology, imaging, and optogenetics have revealed a complex network of neural circuits involved in the regulation of emotional or motor processes. Emotions can exert a substantial influence on motor performance, encompassing both everyday activities and pathological conditions. The aim of this review is to explore how emotional states can shape movements by connecting the neural circuits for emotional processing to motor neural circuits. We first provide a comprehensive overview of the impact of different emotional states on motor control in humans and rodents. In line with behavioral studies, we set out to identify emotion-related structures capable of modulating motor output, behaviorally and anatomically. Neuronal circuits involved in emotional processing are extensively connected to the motor system. These circuits can drive emotional behavior, essential for survival, but can also continuously shape ongoing movement. In summary, the investigation of the intricate relationship between emotion and movement offers valuable insights into human behavior, including opportunities to enhance performance, and holds promise for improving mental and physical health. This review integrates findings from multiple scientific approaches, including anatomical tracing, circuit-based dissection, and behavioral studies, conducted in both animal and human subjects. By incorporating these different methodologies, we aim to present a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the emotional modulation of movement in both physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaelle Braine
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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Hall KJ, Van Ooteghem K, McIlroy WE. Emotional state as a modulator of autonomic and somatic nervous system activity in postural control: a review. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1188799. [PMID: 37719760 PMCID: PMC10500443 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1188799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in our understanding of postural control have highlighted the need to examine the influence of higher brain centers in the modulation of this complex function. There is strong evidence of a link between emotional state, autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity and somatic nervous system (somatic NS) activity in postural control. For example, relationships have been demonstrated between postural threat, anxiety, fear of falling, balance confidence, and physiological arousal. Behaviorally, increased arousal has been associated with changes in velocity and amplitude of postural sway during quiet standing. The potential links between ANS and somatic NS, observed in control of posture, are associated with shared neuroanatomical connections within the central nervous system (CNS). The influence of emotional state on postural control likely reflects the important influence the limbic system has on these ANS/somatic NS control networks. This narrative review will highlight several examples of behaviors which routinely require coordination between the ANS and somatic NS, highlighting the importance of the neurofunctional link between these systems. Furthermore, we will extend beyond the more historical focus on threat models and examine how disordered/altered emotional state and ANS processing may influence postural control and assessment. Finally, this paper will discuss studies that have been important in uncovering the modulatory effect of emotional state on postural control including links that may inform our understanding of disordered control, such as that observed in individuals living with Parkinson's disease and discuss methodological tools that have the potential to advance understanding of this complex relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlee J. Hall
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Pistol Shooting Performance Correlates with Respiratory Muscle Strength and Pulmonary Function in Police Cadets. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14127515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Breathing patterns play a crucial role in shooting performance; however, little is known about the respiratory muscle strength and pulmonary capacities that control these patterns. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between shooting performance, respiratory muscle strength, and pulmonary function and to determine differences in respiratory capacities according to the shooting performance categories in police cadets. One hundred sixty-seven police cadets were recruited to assess respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function, and shooting performance in a well-controlled environment. Measurements included maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), slow vital capacity (SVC), maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV), and pistol shooting scores. The shooting score had a moderate positive correlation with MIP (ρ = 0.33) and MEP (ρ = 0.45). FVC (ρ = 0.25), FEV1 (ρ = 0.26), SVC (ρ = 0.26) (p < 0.001) and MVV (ρ = 0.21) (p < 0.05) were slightly correlated with shooting score. There were differences between shooting performance categories in MIP, MEP, FVC, FEV1, SVC, and MVV (p < 0.001, p < 0.05). The results imply that both strong respiratory muscles and optimal pulmonary function may be one of the necessary prerequisites for superior shooting performance in police.
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Stark M, Huang H, Yu LF, Martin R, McCarthy R, Locke E, Yager C, Torad AA, Kadry AM, Elwan MA, Smith ML, Bradley D, Boolani A. Identifying Individuals Who Currently Report Feelings of Anxiety Using Walking Gait and Quiet Balance: An Exploratory Study Using Machine Learning. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22093163. [PMID: 35590853 PMCID: PMC9105708 DOI: 10.3390/s22093163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Literature suggests that anxiety affects gait and balance among young adults. However, previous studies using machine learning (ML) have only used gait to identify individuals who report feeling anxious. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify individuals who report feeling anxious at that time using a combination of gait and quiet balance ML. Using a cross-sectional design, participants (n = 88) completed the Profile of Mood Survey-Short Form (POMS-SF) to measure current feelings of anxiety and were then asked to complete a modified Clinical Test for Sensory Interaction in Balance (mCTSIB) and a two-minute walk around a 6 m track while wearing nine APDM mobility sensors. Results from our study finds that Random Forest classifiers had the highest median accuracy rate (75%) and the five top features for identifying anxious individuals were all gait parameters (turn angles, variance in neck, lumbar rotation, lumbar movement in the sagittal plane, and arm movement). Post-hoc analyses suggest that individuals who reported feeling anxious also walked using gait patterns most similar to older individuals who are fearful of falling. Additionally, we find that individuals who are anxious also had less postural stability when they had visual input; however, these individuals had less movement during postural sway when visual input was removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Stark
- Department of Medicine, Lake Erie Osteopathic College of Medicine, Elmira, NY 14901, USA;
| | - Haikun Huang
- Department of Computer Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; (H.H.); (L.-F.Y.)
| | - Lap-Fai Yu
- Department of Computer Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; (H.H.); (L.-F.Y.)
| | - Rebecca Martin
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hanover College, Hanover, IN 47243, USA;
| | - Ryan McCarthy
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA;
- Department of Psychology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
| | - Emily Locke
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA;
| | - Chelsea Yager
- Department of Neurology, St. Joseph’s Hospital Health Center, Syracuse, NY 13203, USA;
| | - Ahmed Ali Torad
- Department of Physical Therapy, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA; (A.A.T.); (A.M.K.); (M.A.E.)
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Kafrelsheik University, Kafr El Sheik 33516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mahmoud Kadry
- Department of Physical Therapy, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA; (A.A.T.); (A.M.K.); (M.A.E.)
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Kafrelsheik University, Kafr El Sheik 33516, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Ali Elwan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA; (A.A.T.); (A.M.K.); (M.A.E.)
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Matthew Lee Smith
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Dylan Bradley
- Canino School of Engineering Technology, State University of New York, Canton, NY 13617, USA;
| | - Ali Boolani
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA;
- Department of Physical Therapy, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA; (A.A.T.); (A.M.K.); (M.A.E.)
- Correspondence:
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Matsumura Y, Ito T, Yamanaka T, Kitahara T. Posturographic Findings in Patients With Psychological Dizziness. Neurologist 2021; 27:11-13. [PMID: 34842571 DOI: 10.1097/nrl.0000000000000352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis and treatment of patients with psychogenic vertigo (PSY) is difficult because of the lack of reliable objective findings for this condition. We examined the characteristics of foam posturography in patients with peripheral vestibular disorders (PVD) and those with PSY. In particular, we focused on the objective findings of foam posturography in PSY. METHODS Between January 2010 and December 2011, 2-legged stance tasks were conducted in patients with vertigo/dizziness under 4 conditions: eyes opened with/without foam rubber and eyes closed with/without foam rubber. In terms of the velocity of movement of the center of pressure, we examined Romberg ratios, that is, the ratios of changes in visual conditions under the fixed foam rubber conditions, and foam rubber ratios, that is, the ratios of changes in foam rubber conditions under fixed visual conditions. These ratios were compared among 3 groups: healthy controls (CONT) (n=195), PVD (n=178), and PSY (n=32). RESULTS Romberg ratios using foam rubber in the PVD group were significantly higher than those in the CONT group. Those in the PSY group were significantly lower. Likewise, the foam rubber ratios in the PVD group were significantly higher than those in the CONT group when the eyes were closed. Those in the PSY group were significantly lower. CONCLUSION Judging from scores in Romberg ratios using foam rubber and foam rubber ratios when eyes were closed, foam posturography might have the potential to differentiate PSY from PVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachiyo Matsumura
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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Ghorbanpour Z, Taghizadeh G, Hosseini SA, Pishyareh E, Ghomsheh FT, Bakhshi E, Mehdizadeh H. Overload of anxiety on postural control impairments in chronic stroke survivors: The role of external focus and cognitive task on the automaticity of postural control. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252131. [PMID: 34292945 PMCID: PMC8297887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the high prevalence of anxiety among chronic stroke survivors and evidence of its negative effects on postural control in healthy subjects, it is unclear whether anxiety also affects postural control in these patients. Recent evidence of improved postural control of healthy subjects by distracting the attention using an external focus (EF) or cognitive task, raises the question of whether similar benefits would be observed in stroke survivors. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the effects of anxiety and distracting the attention on postural control of chronic stroke survivors in terms of both postural sway measures and neuromuscular regulation. Methods Postural sway measures and ankle muscle activity of chronic stroke survivors with the high and low level of anxiety (HA-stroke (n = 17), and LA-stroke (n = 17), respectively) and age-, sex-, height-, and weight-matched healthy subjects (n = 17) were assessed while standing on rigid and foam surfaces under following conditions: baseline, internal focus (IF), EF, simple and hard cognitive tasks (SC and HC, respectively). Results Stroke survivors, particularly HA-stroke participants, showed greater postural sway measures (i.e. postural instability) and enhanced co-contraction of ankle muscles (i.e. stiffening of the neuromuscular system) compared with healthy subjects. As opposed to baseline and IF conditions, postural instability and neuromuscular stiffening significantly reduced in EF condition and decreased more in cognitive task conditions, particularly HC condition. Conclusions The results suggest that anxiety enhances stroke-induced postural instability promoting improper neuromuscular control of posture with stiffening strategy, which can be alleviated by EF and cognitive tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ghorbanpour
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences (USWR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghorban Taghizadeh
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Hosseini
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences (USWR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Pishyareh
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences (USWR), Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail:
| | - Farhad Tabatabai Ghomsheh
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences (USWR), Tehran,Iran
| | - Enayatollah Bakhshi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences (USWR), Tehran,Iran
| | - Hajar Mehdizadeh
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Jaffri AH, Saliba S. Does verbal encouragement change dynamic balance? The effect of verbal encouragement on Star Excursion Balance Test performance in chronic ankle Instability. Braz J Phys Ther 2021; 25:617-622. [PMID: 34001425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) is commonly used for testing dynamic balance in chronic ankle instability (CAI) in both clinical and research settings. However, the effect of verbal encouragement (VE) on the SEBT performance is not known. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of VE on maximum reach distance performance between CAI and healthy participants on the SEBT. METHOD Thirty-four college-aged adults, 17 with CAI and 17 healthy controls, performed the SEBT in the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral reach directions. Independent variables (VE versus No-VE) and group (CAI versus healthy) were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to determine whether VE and group affected reach performance. RESULTS There was a significant group-by-condition interaction (p = 0.02) for the anterior as well as for the posteromedial reach (p = 0.04). There was no statistically significant interaction (p = 0.48) for the posterolateral reach. There were moderate to large effect sizes in the reach distances found in the No-VE condition between the CAI and healthy controls, but with VE, the range of effect sizes from No-VE to VE were diminished. CONCLUSION There was a significant group by condition interaction for anterior and posteromedial reaches which shows that providing VE resulted in a greater increase in performance for participants with CAI compared to healthy controls. Psychological constraints need to be considered while performing and interpreting the results of the SEBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbis H Jaffri
- Department of Physical Therapy, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States.
| | - Susan Saliba
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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Anxiety does not always affect balance: the predominating role of cognitive engagement in a video gaming task. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:2001-2014. [PMID: 33909113 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06104-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Scientists have predominantly assessed anxiety's impact on postural control when anxiety is created by the need to maintain balance (e.g., standing at heights). In the present study, we investigate how postural control and its mechanisms (i.e., vestibular function) are impacted when anxiety is induced by an unrelated task (playing a video game). Additionally, we compare watching and playing a game to dissociate postural adaptations caused by increased engagement rather than anxiety. Participants [N = 25, female = 8, M (SD) age = 23.5 (3.9)] held a controller in four standing conditions of varying surface compliance (firm or foam) and with or without peripheral visual occlusion across four blocks: quiet standing (baseline), watching the game with a visual task (watching), playing the game (low anxiety), and playing under anxiety (high anxiety). We measured sway area, sway frequency, root mean square (RMS) sway, anxiety, and mental effort. Limited sway differences emerged between anxiety blocks (only sway area on firm surface). The watching block elicited more sway than baseline (greater sway area and RMS sway; lower sway frequency), and the low anxiety block elicited more sway than the watching block (greater sway area and RMS sway; higher sway frequency). Mental effort was associated with increased sway area and RMS sway. Our findings indicate that anxiety, when generated through competition, has minimal impact on postural control. Postural control primarily adapts according to mental effort and more cognitively engaging task constraints (i.e., playing versus watching). We speculate increased sway reflects the prioritization of attention to game performance over postural control.
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Contribution of Somatosensory and Parietal Association Areas in Improving Standing Postural Stability Through Standing Plantar Perception Training in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. J Aging Phys Act 2021; 29:761-770. [PMID: 33567405 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2020-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although standing plantar perception training (SPPT) may improve standing postural stability, the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. The authors investigated the relationship between regional cortical responses to SPPT using a balance pad and training outcomes in 32 older participants (mean ± SD:72.2 ± 6.0, range:60-87). Regional cortical activity was measured in the bilateral supplementary motor area, primary sensorimotor area, and parietal association area using near-infrared spectroscopy. Postural sway changes were compared before and after SPPT. Changes in two-point plantar discrimination and regional cortical activity during SPPT, associated with standing postural stability improvements, were examined using multiple regression and indicated improved standing postural stability after SPPT (p < .0001). Changes in right parietal association area activity were associated with standing postural stability improvements while barefoot. Overall, the results suggest that right parietal association area activation during SPPT plays a crucial role in regulating standing postural stability and may help develop strategies to prevent older adults from falling.
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Linares IMP, Nardi AE, Guimarães FS, Arrais KC, Chagas MH, Osório FL, Hallak JE, Zuardi AW, Coimbra NC, Crippa JA. Increased body sway in phobic patients exposed to images of spiders. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2020; 43:477-483. [PMID: 33331404 PMCID: PMC8555649 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study was to analyze the body sway response in specific phobia (SP) patients and healthy controls while viewing neutral, phobic, and disgusting images. Methods: The participants’ heart rate (HR) and skin conductance were also recorded during the procedure. Nineteen patients with arachnophobia and 19 healthy volunteers matched by age, gender, and years of education underwent a postural control test on a stabilometric platform. Results: The platform recorded increased body sway in the SP group when exposed to spider images (SPI). The SP group presented increases in most parameters (SD, velocity, frequency, area, p ≤ 0.05) when viewing pictures of the SPI category. Psychometric measures of subjective anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI) and physiological states (HR; skin conductance responses; spontaneous fluctuations in skin conductance) showed increased anxiety (p ≤ 0.05) in the SP group compared to healthy volunteers. High anxiety levels were observed throughout the assessment, including the task of exposure to SPI (p ≤ 0.05). No significant effect or correlation was found between skin conductance and body sway measures (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The results of the postural control test suggest the occurrence of a defensive escape response in SP, in agreement with previous evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ila M P Linares
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Institutos Nacionais de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio E Nardi
- Laboratório de Pânico e Respiração, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Francisco S Guimarães
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Katia C Arrais
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Institutos Nacionais de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos H Chagas
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Institutos Nacionais de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Flavia L Osório
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Institutos Nacionais de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaime E Hallak
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Institutos Nacionais de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio W Zuardi
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Institutos Nacionais de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Norberto C Coimbra
- Laboratório de Neuroanatomia e Neuropsicobiologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Núcleo de Pesquisa em Neurobiologia das Emoções, Núcleos de Apoio à Pesquisa, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - José A Crippa
- Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Institutos Nacionais de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Lebert A, Chaby L, Garnot C, Vergilino-Perez D. The impact of emotional videos and emotional static faces on postural control through a personality trait approach. Exp Brain Res 2020; 238:2877-2886. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05941-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jamali S, Azad A, Mehdizadeh H, Doostdar A, Hoseinpour F, Mehdizadeh M, Niazi-Khatoon J, Shokouhyan MR, Parnianpour M, Taghizadeh G, Khalaf K. Time-course investigation of postural sway variability: Does anxiety exacerbate the sensory reweighting impairment in chronic stroke survivors? Neuropsychologia 2019; 127:185-194. [PMID: 30858061 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although anxiety is one of the most prevalent psychological disorders in stroke survivors, its effect on sensory reweighting has not yet been fully studied. The aim of this work was to investigate how anticipation of collision avoidance events affects sensory reweighting in chronic stroke survivors with low and high levels of anxiety (LA-stroke and HA-stroke, respectively), as compared with healthy controls (HC), under the condition of perturbed proprioception. Eighteen LA-stroke and 18 HA-stroke survivors, as well as 18 gender- and age-matched HC, participated in this study. Postural sway variability (i.e. Root Mean Square (RMS) of the COP velocity) was measured for a duration of 180 s under two conditions: quiet standing and standing while predicting random virtual spheres to be avoided. Proprioceptive perturbation was simulated using bilateral Achilles tendon vibration at mid duration (60 s) for both conditions. The results showed that the HC were able to timely use visual anticipation to reduce the postural sway variability induced by tendon vibration. However, marked delay in using such anticipation was observed in stroke participants, especially in the HA-stroke group, as indicated by a significant decrease in the RMS of the COP velocity late in the vibration phase. This is the first study to consider the effect of anxiety while comparing sensory reweighting between stroke and healthy participants. The results indicated that chronic stroke survivors, particularly those with HA, could not efficiently use sensory reweighting to maintain balance in sensory conflicting conditions, which may subject them to loosing balance and/or falling. These findings are critical for future assessment and planning of rehabilitation interventions and balance in chronic stroke survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsi Jamali
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Azad
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hajar Mehdizadeh
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asgar Doostdar
- Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hoseinpour
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mehdizadeh
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Niazi-Khatoon
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Mohamad Parnianpour
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghorban Taghizadeh
- Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kinda Khalaf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Pimentel BN, Santos Filha VAVD. Ocorrência de condições psiquiátricas, uso de psicotrópicos e sua relação com o equilíbrio postural em sujeitos com tontura. Codas 2019; 31:e20180111. [DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20182018111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo analisar a ocorrência do diagnóstico psiquiátrico e o uso de psicotrópicos em sujeitos com queixas vestibulares e relacionar a presença dessas condições aos resultados da vestibulometria. Método estudo quantitativo, observacional, transversal, com 131 pacientes, atendidos em um hospital universitário. Foram submetidos à anamnese, inspeção visual do meato acústico externo, provas de equilíbrio estático e dinâmico, Posturografia dinâmica foam laser e vectoeletronistagmografia computadorizada. Resultados amostra composta por 109 mulheres e 22 homens, com média de idade de 55 anos e nove meses. O tipo de tontura mais frequente foi vertigem, com presença de sintomas neurovegetativos. Observou-se expressiva porcentagem de queixa/diagnóstico psiquiátrico, bem como uso de psicotrópicos, sendo principalmente inibidores seletivos da recaptação da serotonina, seguidos dos benzodiazepínicos. Houve relação entre a presença de condições psiquiátricas e mulheres, alterações do equilíbrio estático e alterações nas posições III e VI do Teste de Organização Sensorial. Na vectoeletronistagmografia, houve relação entre a idade e a presença de nistagmo espontâneo de olhos fechados. Conclusão Constatou-se alta ocorrência de condições psiquiátricas entre pacientes com tontura, com uso de psicotrópicos maior que na população geral. Destaca-se a associação entre ansiedade/depressão e alterações nas posições de sobrecarga visual da posturografia dinâmica foam laser. No entanto, não foi observada relação entre essas condições e alterações nas provas da vectoeletronistagmografia.
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15
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Exploring the relationship between threat-related changes in anxiety, attention focus, and postural control. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2017; 83:445-458. [PMID: 29110077 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-017-0940-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Individuals report directing attention toward and away from multiple sources when standing under height-related postural threat, and these changes in attention focus are associated with postural control modifications. As it is unknown whether these changes generalize to other types of threat situations, this study aimed to quantify changes in attention focus and examine their relationship with postural control changes in response to a direct threat to stability. Eighty young adults stood on a force plate fixed to a translating platform. Three postural threat conditions were created by altering the expectation of, and prior experience with, a postural perturbation: no threat of perturbation, threat without perturbation experience, and threat with perturbation experience. When threatened, participants were more anxious and reported directing more attention to movement processes, threat-related stimuli, and self-regulatory strategies, and less to task-irrelevant information. Postural sway amplitude and frequency increased with threat, with greater increases in frequency and smaller increases in amplitude observed with experience. Without experience, threat-related changes in postural control were accounted for by changes in anxiety; larger changes in anxiety were related to larger changes in sway amplitude. With experience, threat-related postural control changes were accounted for by changes in attention focus; increases in attention to movement processes were related to greater forward leaning and increases in sway amplitude, while increases in attention to self-regulatory strategies were related to greater increases in sway frequency. Results suggest that relationships between threat-related changes in anxiety, attention focus, and postural control depend on the context associated with the threat.
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16
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Hainaut JP, Bolmont B. Effects of Mood States and Anxiety as Induced by the Video-Recorded Stroop Color-Word Interference Test in Simple Response Time Tasks on Reaction Time and Movement Time. Percept Mot Skills 2016; 101:721-9. [PMID: 16491675 DOI: 10.2466/pms.101.3.721-729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mood states and anxiety might alter performance in complex tasks whereas in more simple tasks such as stimulus-response, high anxiety could provoke bias in mechanisms of attention leading to better performances. We investigated the effects of anxiety, tension, and fatigue induced by the video-recorded Stroop Color-Word Interference Test on either reaction or movement time. 61 subjects performed a visual and an auditory response-time test in Control and Anxiogenic conditions during which heart rate was measured. Tension and anxiety states were assessed using self-evaluation. Analysis showed auditory response time was improved for both reaction and movement times in the Anxiogenic condition. These data suggest that the increased attention underlying anxiety and mood responses could have favored auditory response time by leading subjects to process stimuli more actively. In addition, state-anxiety and tension could have influenced muscular tension, enhancing the movement time in the auditory task.
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Ribeyre L, Spitz E, Frère J, Gauchard G, Parietti-Winkler C. Correlations between postural control and psychological factors in vestibular schwannoma patients. J Vestib Res 2016; 26:387-394. [DOI: 10.3233/ves-160588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Ribeyre
- University of Lorraine, University of Paris Descartes, Apemac EA 4360, Metz, France
- Department of ENT, University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Elisabeth Spitz
- University of Lorraine, University of Paris Descartes, Apemac EA 4360, Metz, France
| | - Julien Frère
- University of Lorraine, DevAH EA3450, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France
| | - Gerome Gauchard
- University of Lorraine, DevAH EA3450, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France
| | - Cécile Parietti-Winkler
- University of Lorraine, DevAH EA3450, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France
- Department of ENT, University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France
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18
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Forghieri M, Monzani D, Mackinnon A, Ferrari S, Gherpelli C, Galeazzi GM. Posturographic destabilization in eating disorders in female patients exposed to body image related phobic stimuli. Neurosci Lett 2016; 629:155-159. [PMID: 27397012 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Human postural control is dependent on the central integration of vestibular, visual and proprioceptive inputs. Psychological states can affect balance control: anxiety, in particular, has been shown to influence balance mediated by visual stimuli. We hypothesized that patients with eating disorders would show postural destabilization when exposed to their image in a mirror and to the image of a fashion model representing their body ideal in comparison to body neutral stimuli. Seventeen females patients attending a day centre for the treatment of eating disorders were administered psychometric measures of body dissatisfaction, anxiety, depression and underwent posturographic measures with their eyes closed, open, watching a neutral stimulus, while exposed to a full length mirror and to an image of a fashion model corresponding to their body image. Results were compared to those obtained by eighteen healthy subjects. Eating disordered patients showed higher levels of body dissatisfaction and higher postural destabilization than controls, but this was limited to the conditions in which they were exposed to their mirror image or a fashion model image. Postural destabilization under these conditions correlated with measures of body dissatisfaction. In eating disordered patients, body related stimuli seem to act as phobic stimuli in the posturographic paradigm used. If confirmed, this has the potential to be developed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Forghieri
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical, Diagnostic, and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - D Monzani
- Section of ENT, Department of Clinical, Diagnostic, and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - A Mackinnon
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Ferrari
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical, Diagnostic, and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - C Gherpelli
- Section of ENT, Department of Clinical, Diagnostic, and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - G M Galeazzi
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical, Diagnostic, and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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19
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Goulème N, Seassau M, Bucci MP. The effect of face exploration on postural control in healthy children. Gait Posture 2015; 42:178-85. [PMID: 26050875 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to explore how face exploration affects postural control in healthy children. The novelty here is that eye movements and posture were simultaneously recorded. Three groups of children participated in the study: 12 children of 7.8±0.5 years old, 13 children of 10.4±0.5 years old and 12 children of 15.7±0.9 years old. Eye movements were recorded by video-oculography and postural stability was recorded by a platform. Children were invited to explore five emotional faces (neutral, happy, sad fear and angry). Analysis of eye movements was done on saccadic latency, percentage of exploration time spent and number of saccades for each specific region of interest (ROI): eyes, nose and mouth. Analysis of posture was made on surface area, sway length and mean velocity of the center of pressures (CoP). Results showed that visual strategies, exploration and postural control develop during childhood and adolescence. Indeed, after nine years-old, children started to look the eyes ROI firstly, then the nose ROI and finally the mouth ROI. The number of saccades decreased with the age of children. The percentage of exploration time spent in eyes ROI was longer than the others ROIs and greater for unpleasant faces (sad, fear and angry) with respect to pleasant emotional face (happy). We found that in front of sad and happy faces the surface area of the CoP was significantly larger compared to other faces (neutral and angry). These results suggest that visual strategies and postural control change during children's development and can be influenced by the emotional face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Goulème
- UMR 1141 Inserm - Université Paris Diderot, Hôpital Robert Debré, 48 Boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France.
| | - Magali Seassau
- e(ye) BRAIN, 1 bis rue Jean le Galleu, 94200 Ivry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Maria Pia Bucci
- UMR 1141 Inserm - Université Paris Diderot, Hôpital Robert Debré, 48 Boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France
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20
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Rahn C, Munkasy BA, Joyner AB, Buckley TA. Sideline Performance of the Balance Error Scoring System during a Live Sporting Event. Clin J Sport Med 2015; 25:248-53. [PMID: 25098674 PMCID: PMC4318778 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose was to examine the influence of a live sporting sideline environment on balance error scoring system (BESS) performance. DESIGN Prospective longitudinal cohort study. SETTING The BESS was performed by all participants at 3 locations: (1) quiet laboratory, (2) football stadium sidelines, and (3) basketball arena sidelines. PARTICIPANTS The experimental group had 38 participants (age: 20.1 ± 1.1 years; height: 170.0 ± 7.7 cm; mass: 66.7 ± 9.5 kg) who were female intercollegiate student-athletes (SA). The control group consisted of 38 recreationally active female college students (age: 20.8 ± 1.1 years; height: 162.6 ± 6.0 cm; mass: 63.7 ± 10.6 kg). INTERVENTIONS The 2 groups performed the tests at the same locations, the SA group during live sporting events and the control group when no event was occurring. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The dependent variable was the total BESS score. Separate 2 × 3 mixed methods analyses of variance investigated the influence of the environment and practice effect. RESULTS There was a significant interaction for group by environment (P = 0.004), and the SA group committed more errors at both the football and the basketball settings than the control group. The SA group also committed more errors at football (P = 0.028) than baseline. The control group demonstrated a likely practice effect with fewer errors during each administration. CONCLUSIONS The BESS score deteriorated when performed on the sidelines of a live sporting event potentially challenging the clinical utility of the BESS. Clinicians need to consider the role of the local environment when performing the BESS test and should perform postinjury tests in the same environment as the baseline test. CLINICAL RELEVANCE When performing balance testing of patients with suspected concussions, clinicians need to consider the environment in which the test is performed and attempt to match the preseason testing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Rahn
- Department of Intercollegiate Athletics, Georgia Southwestern State University, Americus, GA, USA
| | - Barry A. Munkasy
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA
| | - A. Barry Joyner
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA
| | - Thomas A. Buckley
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA
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21
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Matsuura Y, Fujino H, Hashimoto R, Yasuda Y, Yamamori H, Ohi K, Takeda M, Imura O. Standing postural instability in patients with schizophrenia: Relationships with psychiatric symptoms, anxiety, and the use of neuroleptic medications. Gait Posture 2015; 41:847-51. [PMID: 25813604 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess postural instability in patients with schizophrenia using a pressure-sensitive platform and to examine the effects of anxiety, psychiatric symptoms, and the use of neuroleptic medications on postural sway. Participants were 23 patients with schizophrenia and 23 healthy controls. We found that the patients showed greater overall postural instability than the controls. Furthermore, they demonstrated greater instability when the test was performed with the eyes closed than with the eyes open. However, removal of visual input had less impact on the indices of postural instability in the patients than in the controls, suggesting that schizophrenia is associated with difficulties in integrating visual information and proprioceptive signals. Furthermore, in contrast to the controls, anxiety exacerbated postural instability in the patients. There were significant associations between postural stability and psychiatric symptoms in the patients without extrapyramidal symptoms, whereas medication dose did not significantly correlate with postural stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Matsuura
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, 1-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Haruo Fujino
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, 1-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, D3, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D3, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D3, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D3, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan; Department of Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D3, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ohi
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D3, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Takeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D3, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Osamu Imura
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, 1-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan.
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Eikema D, Hatzitaki V, Konstantakos V, Papaxanthis C. Elderly adults delay proprioceptive reweighting during the anticipation of collision avoidance when standing. Neuroscience 2013; 234:22-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Eikema DJA, Hatzitaki V, Tzovaras D, Papaxanthis C. Age-dependent modulation of sensory reweighting for controlling posture in a dynamic virtual environment. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 34:1381-92. [PMID: 21894445 PMCID: PMC3528368 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9310-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Older adults require more time to reweight sensory information for maintaining balance that could potentially lead to increased incidence of falling in rapidly changing or cognitively demanding environments. In this study, we manipulated the visual surround information during a collision avoidance task in order to investigate how young and elderly adults engage in sensory reweighting under conditions of visual anticipation. Sixteen healthy elderly (age: 71.5 ± 4.9 years; height: 159.3 ± 6.6 cm; mass: 73.3 ± 3.3 kg) and 20 young (age: 22.8 ± 3.3 years; height: 174.4 ± 10.7 cm; mass: 70.1 ± 13.9 kg) participants stood for 240 s on a force platform under two experimental conditions: quiet standing and standing while anticipating randomly approaching virtual objects to be avoided. During both tasks, the visual surround changed every 60 s from a stationary virtual scene (room) to either a moving room or darkness and then back to a stationary scene to evoke sensory reweighting processes. In quiet standing, elderly showed greater sway variability and were more severely affected by the removal or degradation of visual surround information when compared to young participants. During visual anticipation, sway variability was not different between the age groups. In addition, both young and elderly participants were similarly affected by the degradation or removal of the visual surround. These findings suggest that sensory reweighting in a dynamic virtual environment that evokes visual anticipation interacts with postural state anxiety regardless of age. Elderly show less efficient sensory reweighting in quiet standing due to greater visual field dependence possibly associated with fear of falling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diderik Jan Anthony Eikema
- />Motor Control and Learning Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassilia Hatzitaki
- />Motor Control and Learning Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
- />Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tzovaras
- />Informatics and Telematics Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, 570 01 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Charalambos Papaxanthis
- />Université de Bourgogne, UFR STAPS, BP 27877, 21078 Dijon, France
- />INSERM, U887: Motricité-Plasticité, Campus Universitaire, B.P. 27877, 21078 Dijon, France
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Rahimi A, Abadi ZE. State Anxiety Affects on Balance Scores in Young Female University Students. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/jms.2012.45.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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25
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Horslen BC, Carpenter MG. Arousal, valence and their relative effects on postural control. Exp Brain Res 2011; 215:27-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-011-2867-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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A balancing act: physical balance, through arousal, influences size perception. Atten Percept Psychophys 2011; 72:1890-902. [PMID: 20952786 DOI: 10.3758/app.72.7.1890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that manipulating vision influences balance. Here, we question whether manipulating balance can influence vision and how it may influence vision--specifically, the perception of width. In Experiment 1, participants estimated the width of beams while balanced and unbalanced. When unbalanced, participants judged the widths to be smaller. One possible explanation is that unbalanced participants did not view the stimulus as long as when balanced because they were focused on remaining balanced. In Experiment 2, we tested this notion by limiting viewing time. Experiment 2 replicated the findings of Experiment 1, but viewing time had no effect on width judgments. In Experiment 3, participants' level of arousal was manipulated, because the balancing task likely produced arousal. While jogging, participants judged the beams to be smaller. In Experiment 4, participants completed another arousing task (counting backward by sevens) that did not involve movement. Again, participants judged the beams to be smaller when aroused. Experiment 5A raised participants' level of arousal before estimating the board widths (to control for potential dual-task effects) and showed that heightened arousal still influenced perceived width of the boards. Collectively, heightened levels of arousal, caused by multiple manipulations (including balance), influenced perceived width.
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Hainaut JP, Caillet G, Lestienne FG, Bolmont B. The role of trait anxiety on static balance performance in control and anxiogenic situations. Gait Posture 2011; 33:604-8. [PMID: 21349717 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 12/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted interactions between state anxiety, sensory processing involved in motor performance, and personality traits such as trait anxiety. In the present study, we investigated the effects of moderate state anxiety on static balance performance with eyes open and eyes closed in two groups of healthy subjects with contrasting trait anxiety. We found that an anxiogenic condition induces larger and faster body swaying in both groups in the eyes-open test. This suggests that state anxiety could modify the processing of the different sensory inputs involved in balance control whatever the subjects' trait anxiety level. When vision is absent, precision of static balance control in individuals with intermediate level of trait anxiety - characterized by a higher visual dependence - is more disrupted than in low trait anxiety subjects. Moreover, moderate state anxiety seems to disturb the ability to use vestibular and/or somatosensory inputs in individuals with low anxiety, but not in individuals with intermediate trait anxiety. These results on inter-individual differences provide a first insight into the inter-dependence between trait anxiety, state anxiety and static balance control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Hainaut
- Université Paul Verlaine-Metz, UFR SciFa, Dept STAPS, LASC (EA 3467) Emotions-Actions, Campus-Bridoux, Avenue Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz-Borny, France
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Kushiro K, Goto F. Effect of masticating chewing gum on postural stability during upright standing. Neurosci Lett 2010; 487:196-8. [PMID: 20959136 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Revised: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of masticating chewing gum on postural stability during upright standing. To address this issue, 12 healthy subjects performed quiet standing on a force platform for the posturography study. The subjects were instructed to stand as stable as possible on the force platform in order to record the trajectory of the center-of-pressure (COP). After measuring the postural sway in the initial condition (pre-condition), the subjects were asked to stand while masticating chewing gum (gum-condition). Following the gum-condition, quiet standing without mastication was evaluated (post-condition) to ensure the effect of masticating chewing gum on postural stability. The trajectory and velocity of the COP were analyzed for each condition. We found that the postural stability tended to enhance during mastication of chewing gum. The rectangle area of the COP trajectory significantly diminished in the gum-condition and significantly enlarged in the post-condition. A similar effect was observed in the maximum velocity and standard deviation (SD) of the fore-aft amplitude of the COP trajectory. The values were significantly smaller in the gum-condition compared to those in the post-condition. These findings suggest that mastication of chewing gum affects the postural control by enhancing the postural stability during upright standing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kushiro
- Kyoto University, Yoshida-Nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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Goto F, Kabeya M, Kushiro K, Ttsutsumi T, Hayashi K. Effect of anxiety on antero-posterior postural stability in patients with dizziness. Neurosci Lett 2010; 487:204-6. [PMID: 20951766 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of anxiety on the postural stability of a variety of dizzy patients during upright standing. To address this issue, 54 patients complaining of dizziness were enrolled in this study. The degree of anxiety in patients was evaluated on the basis of a routine vestibular examination together with their dizziness handicap inventory (DHI) scores as well as the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). The patients were divided into 3 groups. If there was no vestibular dysfunction, they were defined as psychogenic (PSY) (N=16). The remaining subjects were further divided on the basis of their HADS score. If the score of A (anxiety) was less than 5, they are defined as organic (ORG) (N=25), and the rest were defined as a combination of psychogenic and organic (PSY+ORG) (N=13). Posturographic measurements were performed in a quiet and stable standing position on a force platform, as one of the vestibular examinations. The total length, the area of body sway, and the ratio of maximum perturbation of antero-posterior axis (A/P ratio) were registered. Spectrum analyses of the left-right axis and antero-posterior axis were also performed by using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) method of body sway. We found a significant correlation between anxiety and postural instability in the antero-posterior axis in all subjects as a group and in either group PSY or PSY+ORG. However, no significant correlation was found in group ORG. Using power spectrum analysis (FFT), we identified 3 frequency components of postural sway: group A (0.02-0.21Hz), group B (0.22-2.01Hz), and group C (2.01-10Hz). Statistical significance of the data was examined by ANOVA. Group C reflected somatosensory inputs, and group A reflected vestibular inputs. The power of group C decreased in the high anxiety group, whereas the power of group A increased in the high anxiety group. These phenomena disappeared in the eyes-closed condition. Our study shows that the effect of visual input on vestibular and somatosensory input is affected by anxiety. In conclusion, our results indicate that anxiety affects the postural perturbation in the antero-posterior axis and that anxiety possibly affects the interactions of visual inputs with vestibular and somatosensory inputs in the maintenance of postural balance in patients complaining of dizziness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiyuki Goto
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hino Municipal Hospital, 4-3-1 Tamadaira Hino-shi, Tokyo 191-0062, Japan.
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Ishida M, Saitoh J, Wada M, Nagai M. Effects of anticipatory anxiety and visual input on postural sway in an aversive situation. Neurosci Lett 2010; 474:1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Revised: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 02/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Nagai M, Isida M, Saitoh J, Hirata Y, Natori H, Wada M. Characteristics of the control of standing posture during pregnancy. Neurosci Lett 2009; 462:130-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.06.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Revised: 05/15/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Matheron E, Dubost V, Mourey F, Pfitzenmeyer P, Manckoundia P. Analysis of postural control in elderly subjects suffering from Psychomotor Disadaptation Syndrome (PDS). Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2009; 51:e19-23. [PMID: 19665808 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2009.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Revised: 07/05/2009] [Accepted: 07/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PDS is a geriatric affliction, described in 1999, characterized by postural impairments, including backward disequilibrium, freezing, a deterioration in the ability to anticipate postural adjustments, anxiety and fear of falling, inducing loss of autonomy. This study compared 10 subjects suffering from PDS, aged 87.3+/-4.9 years, with 10 control subjects, aged 85.4+/-7.9 years concerning postural control (body sway amplitude). In all participants, postural control was assessed using the SwayStar system in natural (spontaneous) and standardized stances, eyes open and eyes closed over a period of 40 s. It was found that: (1) with eyes open, subjects with PDS showed greater body sway amplitude than did controls whatever the position (natural or standardized) and the plane (sagittal or frontal) considered (F(1,16)=6.05; p=0.026), (2) with eyes closed, subjects with PDS showed greater body sway amplitude than did controls in the natural stance whatever the plane (F(1,18)=7.65; p=0.013). In conclusion, PDS has a negative effect on postural control. This data must be taken into account during the rehabilitation of patients with this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Matheron
- INSERM/U887 Motricité-Plasticité: Performance, Dysfonctionnement, Vieillissement et Technologies d'optimisation, Université de Bourgogne, Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Dijon Cedex, France
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Kollén L, Bjerlemo B, Fagevik Olsén M, Möller C. Static and dynamic balance and well-being after acute unilateral vestibular loss. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/16513860802504681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Alpers GW, Adolph D. Exposure to heights in a theme park: fear, dizziness, and body sway. J Anxiety Disord 2008; 22:591-601. [PMID: 17601700 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2007] [Accepted: 05/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Fear of heights results in the experience of dizziness and measurable body sway. We investigated the relationship between fear, dizziness, and body sway during height exposure 16 m above ground. Thirty five healthy participants stood on a force-plate to measure sway before, during, and after exposure and an ECG was recorded. Self-report measures were anticipated fear and dizziness before exposure, as well as actual fear and dizziness during the three situations. For all participants, fear, dizziness, and body sway were increased during exposure. Anticipated fear most reliably predicted body sway during exposure. In addition, persons scoring high on trait fear of heights anticipated and experienced more fear during exposure, but this relationship was not found for any objective measure. There was no evidence that vestibular function moderates the relationship between sub-clinical fear and body sway. The results underline the importance of cognitive factors, like anticipatory anxiety and overestimation of bodily symptoms, in fear of heights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg W Alpers
- University of Würzburg, Department of Psychology, Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy, Marcusstrasse 9-11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
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Vélez AL, Restrepo CC, Peláez-Vargas A, Gallego GJ, Alvarez E, Tamayo V, Tamayo M. Head posture and dental wear evaluation of bruxist children with primary teeth. J Oral Rehabil 2008; 34:663-70. [PMID: 17716265 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2007.01742.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of the present study was to compare the head position and dental wear of bruxist and non-bruxist children with primary dentition. METHODS All the subjects had complete primary dentition, dental and skeletal class I occlusion and were classified as bruxist or non-bruxist according to their anxiety level, bruxism described by their parents and signs of temporomandibular disorders. The dental wear was drawn in dental casts and processed in digital format. Physiotherapeutic evaluation and a cephalometric radiograph with natural head position were also performed for each child to evaluate the cranio-cervical position for the bruxist group (n = 33) and the control group (n = 20). The variables of the two groups were compared, using the Student t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS A more anterior and downward head tilt was found in the bruxist group, with statistically significant differences compared with the controls. More significant dental wear was observed in the bruxist children. CONCLUSIONS Bruxism seems to be related to altered natural head posture and more intense dental wear. Further studies are necessary to explore bruxism mechanisms.
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Kemoun G, Carette P, Watelain E, Floirat N. Thymocognitive input and postural regulation: A study on obsessive–compulsive disorder patients. Neurophysiol Clin 2008; 38:99-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2007.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2007] [Revised: 11/15/2007] [Accepted: 12/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Kalueff AV, Ishikawa K, Griffith AJ. Anxiety and otovestibular disorders: linking behavioral phenotypes in men and mice. Behav Brain Res 2007; 186:1-11. [PMID: 17822783 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2007.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2007] [Accepted: 07/20/2007] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Human anxiety and vestibular disorders have long been known to co-occur. Paralleling human clinical and non-clinical data, mounting genetic, pharmacological and behavioral evidence confirms that animal anxiety interplays and co-exists with vestibular/balance deficits. However, relatively few animal models have addressed the nature of this relationship. This paper examines side-by-side human psychiatric and otovestibular phenotypes with animal experimentation data, and outlines future directions of translational research in this field. Discussed here are recently developed specific animal models targeting this interplay, other traditional animal tests sensitive to altered anxiety and vestibular domains, and the existing problems with translation of animal data into human phenotypes. The role of hearing deficits and their contribution to anxiety and vestibular phenotypes are also outlined. Overall, the overlap between anxiety and balance disorders emerges as an important phenomenon in both animal and clinical studies, and may contribute markedly to the complexity of behavioral and physiological phenotypes. Animal experimental models that focus on the interplay between anxiety and vestibular disorders are needed to improve our understanding of this important biomedical problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan V Kalueff
- Laboratory of Clinical Science, Building 10, Room 3D41, National Institute of Mental Health, 10 Center Dr. MSC 1264, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1264, USA.
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Kalueff AV, Keisala T, Minasyan A, Tuohimaa P. Pharmacological modulation of anxiety-related behaviors in the murine Suok test. Brain Res Bull 2007; 74:45-50. [PMID: 17683788 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2007] [Revised: 04/22/2007] [Accepted: 05/03/2007] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We have recently introduced a new model of anxiety--the Suok test and its light-dark modification--for behavioral characterization in mice and rats, including simultaneous assessment of their anxiety, activity, and neurological phenotypes. In the present study, testing different inbred (129S1, BALB/c) and hybrid (C57-129S1) mouse strains in both Suok test modifications, we examined the effects on anxiety-related behaviours produced by traditional anxiogenic and anxiolytic drugs. Here we show dose-dependent increases in anxiety-related behaviors produced by anxiogenic drug pentylenetetrazole (10 and 20 mg/kg). In contrast, anxiolytic drugs ethanol (0.75 and 1.5 g/kg) and diazepam (0.5 mg/kg) reduced anxiety and increased mouse exploration in this test. Hyperemotional anxious BALB/c mice were particularly sensitive to pharmacogenic anxiety in Suok test, also showing robust light-dark shifts in the light-dark version of this test. Overall, the results of this study confirm the potential utility of both murine Suok tests, especially when used in selected "sensitive" mouse strains, for high-throughput screening of potential anxiotropic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Kalueff
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
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Kalueff AV, Wheaton M, Murphy DL. What's wrong with my mouse model? Behav Brain Res 2007; 179:1-18. [PMID: 17306892 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2007.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2006] [Revised: 01/15/2007] [Accepted: 01/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Stress plays a key role in pathogenesis of anxiety and depression. Animal models of these disorders are widely used in behavioral neuroscience to explore stress-evoked brain abnormalities, screen anxiolytic/antidepressant drugs and establish behavioral phenotypes of gene-targeted or transgenic animals. Here we discuss the current situation with these experimental models, and critically evaluate the state of the art in this field. Noting a deficit of fresh ideas and especially new paradigms for animal anxiety and depression models, we review existing challenges and outline important directions for further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Kalueff
- Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1264, USA.
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Posturographic stabilisation of healthy subjects exposed to full-length mirror image is inversely related to body-image preoccupations. Neurosci Lett 2006; 410:71-5. [PMID: 17052841 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2006] [Revised: 09/06/2006] [Accepted: 09/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Affective states, anxiety in particular, have been shown to negatively influence human postural control efficiency as measured by posturographic means, while exposure to a full-length mirror image of one's body exerts a stabilizing effect. We tested the hypothesis that body image concerns and preoccupations would relate negatively to this stabilising effect. Sixty-six healthy students, who screened negative for psychiatric disorders, completed rating scales for anxiety, depression and body image concerns. Posturography recordings of body sway were taken under three conditions: with eyes closed, looking at a vertical bar and looking at a full-length mirror. The Eyes Open/Mirror Stabilometric Quotient [EOMQ=(sway path with eyes closed/sway path looking at the mirror)x100], an index of how much postural control is stabilized by mirror feedback in comparison to the visual vertical bar condition, was significantly inversely related to body image concerns and preoccupations, and to trait anxiety. This finding confirms the impact of emotional factors on human postural control, which warrant further studies. If confirmed in clinical populations characterized by high levels of body image disturbances, e.g. eating disorders, it could lead to developments in the assessment and monitoring of these patients.
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HAINAUT JP. EFFECTS OF MOOD STATES AND ANXIETY AS INDUCED BY THE VIDEO-RECORDED STROOP COLOR-WORD INTERFERENCE TEST IN SIMPLE RESPONSE TIME TASKS ON REACTION TIME AND MOVEMENT TIME. Percept Mot Skills 2005. [DOI: 10.2466/pms.101.7.721-729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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