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Knier NN, Pellizzari S, Zhou J, Foster PJ, Parsyan A. Preclinical Models of Brain Metastases in Breast Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030667. [PMID: 35327469 PMCID: PMC8945440 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains a leading cause of mortality among women worldwide. Brain metastases confer extremely poor prognosis due to a lack of understanding of their specific biology, unique physiologic and anatomic features of the brain, and limited treatment strategies. A major roadblock in advancing the treatment of breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM) is the scarcity of representative experimental preclinical models. Current models are predominantly based on the use of animal xenograft models with immortalized breast cancer cell lines that poorly capture the disease’s heterogeneity. Recent years have witnessed the development of patient-derived in vitro and in vivo breast cancer culturing systems that more closely recapitulate the biology from individual patients. These advances led to the development of modern patient-tissue-based experimental models for BCBM. The success of preclinical models is also based on the imaging technologies used to detect metastases. Advances in animal brain imaging, including cellular MRI and multimodality imaging, allow sensitive and specific detection of brain metastases and monitoring treatment responses. These imaging technologies, together with novel translational breast cancer models based on patient-derived cancer tissues, represent a unique opportunity to advance our understanding of brain metastases biology and develop novel treatment approaches. This review discusses the state-of-the-art knowledge in preclinical models of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha N. Knier
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (N.N.K.); (P.J.F.)
- Imaging Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Sierra Pellizzari
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada;
| | - Jiangbing Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - Paula J. Foster
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (N.N.K.); (P.J.F.)
- Imaging Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Armen Parsyan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada;
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Science Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-519-646-4831; Fax: +1-519-646-6327
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Rahimi S, Jones RM, Hynynen K. A High-Frequency Phased Array System for Transcranial Ultrasound Delivery in Small Animals. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2021; 68:127-135. [PMID: 32746231 PMCID: PMC7863589 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2020.3012868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Existing systems for applying transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) in small animals produce large focal volumes relative to the size of cerebral structures available for interrogation. The use of high ultrasonic frequencies can improve targeting specificity; however, the aberrations induced by rodent calvaria at megahertz frequencies severely distort the acoustic fields produced by single-element focused transducers. Here, we present the design, fabrication, and characterization of a high-frequency phased array system for transcranial FUS delivery in small animals. A transducer array was constructed by micromachining a spherically curved PZT-5H bowl (diameter = 25 mm, radius of curvature = 20 mm, fundamental frequency = 3.3 MHz) into 64 independent elements of equal surface area. The acoustic field generated by the phased array was measured at various target locations using a calibrated fiber-optic hydrophone, both in free-field conditions as well as through ex vivo rat skullcaps with and without hydrophone-assisted phase aberration corrections. Large field-of-view acoustic field simulations were carried out to investigate potential grating lobe formation. The focal beam size obtained when targeting the array's geometric focus was [Formula: see text] mm in water. The array can steer the FUS beam electronically over cylindrical volumes of 4.5 mm in diameter and 6 mm in height without introducing grating lobes. Insertion of a rat skullcap resulted in substantial distortion of the acoustic field ( [Formula: see text]% [Formula: see text]); however, phase corrections restored partial focal quality ( [Formula: see text]% [Formula: see text]). Using phase corrections, the array is capable of generating a trans-rat skull peak negative focal pressure of up to ~2.0 MPa, which is sufficient for microbubble-mediated blood-brain barrier permeabilization at this frequency.
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Farrag M, Pukale DD, Leipzig ND. Micro-computed tomography utility for estimation of intraparenchymal spinal cord cystic lesions in small animals. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2293-2298. [PMID: 33818515 PMCID: PMC8354136 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.310690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise assessment of spinal cord cystic lesions is crucial to formulate effective therapeutic strategies, yet histological assessment of the lesion remains the primary method despite numerous studies showing inconsistent results regarding estimation of lesion size via histology. On the other hand, despite numerous advances in micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging and analysis that have allowed precise measurements of lesion size, there is not enough published data on its application to estimate intraspinal lesion size in laboratory animal models. This work attempts to show that micro-CT can be valuable for spinal cord injury research by demonstrating accurate estimation of syrinx size and compares between micro-CT and traditional histological analysis. We used a post-traumatic syringomyelia rat model to compare micro-CT analysis to conventional histological analysis. The study showed that micro-CT can detect lesions within the spinal cord very similar to histology. Importantly, micro-CT appears to provide more accurate estimates of the lesions with more measures (e.g., surface area), can detect compounds within the cord, and can be done with the tissue of interest (spinal cord) intact. In summary, the experimental work presented here provides one of the first investigations of the use of micro-CT for estimating the size of intraparenchymal cysts and detecting materials within the spinal cord. All animal procedures were approved by the University of Akron Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) (protocol # LRE 16-05-09 approved on May 14, 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Farrag
- Integrated Bioscience Program, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Dipak D Pukale
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Nic D Leipzig
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, Integrated Bioscience Program, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
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Use of a Luciferase-Expressing Orthotopic Rat Brain Tumor Model to Optimize a Targeted Irradiation Strategy for Efficacy Testing with Temozolomide. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061585. [PMID: 32549357 PMCID: PMC7352586 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a common and aggressive malignant brain cancer with a mean survival time of approximately 15 months after initial diagnosis. Currently, the standard-of-care (SOC) treatment for this disease consists of radiotherapy (RT) with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ). We sought to develop an orthotopic preclinical model of GBM and to optimize a protocol for non-invasive monitoring of tumor growth, allowing for determination of the efficacy of SOC therapy using a targeted RT strategy combined with TMZ. A strong correlation (r = 0.80) was observed between contrast-enhanced (CE)-CT-based volume quantification and bioluminescent (BLI)-integrated image intensity when monitoring tumor growth, allowing for BLI imaging as a substitute for CE-CT. An optimized parallel-opposed single-angle RT beam plan delivered on average 96% of the expected RT dose (20, 30 or 60 Gy) to the tumor. Normal tissue on the ipsilateral and contralateral sides of the brain were spared 84% and 99% of the expected dose, respectively. An increase in median survival time was demonstrated for all SOC regimens compared to untreated controls (average 5.2 days, p < 0.05), but treatment was not curative, suggesting the need for novel treatment options to increase therapeutic efficacy.
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Elo P, Tadayon S, Liljenbäck H, Teuho J, Käkelä M, Koskensalo K, Saunavaara V, Virta J, Veres TZ, Kiviniemi A, Saraste A, Marjamäki P, Airas L, Jalkanen S, Roivainen A. Vascular adhesion protein-1 is actively involved in the development of inflammatory lesions in rat models of multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:128. [PMID: 29716612 PMCID: PMC5930736 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1152-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is an inflammation-inducible endothelial cell molecule and primary amine oxidase that mediates leukocyte entry to sites of inflammation. However, there is limited knowledge of the inflammation-related expression of VAP-1 in the central nervous system (CNS). Therefore, we investigated the expression of VAP-1 within the CNS vasculature in two focal rat models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mimicking multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods EAE was induced either with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, resulting in a delayed-type hypersensitivity-like pathogenesis (fDTH-EAE), or with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (fMOG-EAE). A subgroup of fMOG-EAE rats were treated daily with a selective VAP-1 inhibitor (LJP1586; 5 mg/kg). On 3 and 14 days after lesion activation, rat brains were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ex vivo autoradiography was conducted to evaluate the binding of Gallium-68-labelled VAP-1 ligand. Histology and immunohistochemistry (OX-42, VAP-1, intercellular adhesion protein-1 [ICAM-1], P-selectin) supported the ex vivo autoradiography. Results EAE lesions showed MRI-detectable signal changes and binding of the VAP-1-targeting radiotracer in both rat models. Some of the VAP-1 positive vessels showed morphological features typical for high endothelial-like venules at sites of inflammation. Inhibition of VAP-1 activity with small molecule inhibitor, LJP1586, decreased lymphocyte density in the acute inflammatory phase of fMOG-EAE lesions (day 3, P = 0.026 vs. untreated), but not in the remission phase (day 14, P = 0.70 vs. untreated), and had no effect on the amount of OX-42-positive cells in either phase. LJP1586 treatment reduced VAP-1 and ICAM-1 expression in the acute inflammatory phase, whereas P-selectin remained not detectable at all studied stages of the disease. Conclusions Our results revealed that VAP-1 is expressed and functionally active in vasculature within the induced focal EAE lesions during the acute phase of inflammation and remains expressed after the acute inflammation has subsided. The study indicates that VAP-1 is actively involved in the development of inflammatory CNS lesions. During this process, the endothelial cell lesion-related vasculature seem to undergo a structural transformation from regular flat-walled endothelium to HEV-like endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petri Elo
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Sina Tadayon
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.,Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre of Southwest Finland, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Jarmo Teuho
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Meeri Käkelä
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Kalle Koskensalo
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Virva Saunavaara
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.,Department of Medical physics, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Jenni Virta
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Tibor Z Veres
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Aida Kiviniemi
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.,Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre of Southwest Finland, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Saraste
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Päivi Marjamäki
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Airas
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.,Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland. .,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520, Turku, Finland. .,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
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Barbone GE, Bravin A, Romanelli P, Mittone A, Bucci D, Gaaβ T, Le Duc G, Auweter S, Reiser MF, Kraiger MJ, Hrabě de Angelis M, Battaglia G, Coan P. Micro-imaging of Brain Cancer Radiation Therapy Using Phase-contrast Computed Tomography. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018; 101:965-984. [PMID: 29976510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Experimental neuroimaging provides a wide range of methods for the visualization of brain anatomic morphology down to subcellular detail. Still, each technique-specific detection mechanism presents compromises among the achievable field-of-view size, spatial resolution, and nervous tissue sensitivity, leading to partial sample coverage, unresolved morphologic structures, or sparse labeling of neuronal populations and often also to obligatory sample dissection or other sample invasive manipulations. X-ray phase-contrast imaging computed tomography (PCI-CT) is an experimental imaging method that simultaneously provides micrometric spatial resolution, high soft-tissue sensitivity, and ex vivo full organ rodent brain coverage without any need for sample dissection, staining or labeling, or contrast agent injection. In the present study, we explored the benefits and limitations of PCI-CT use for in vitro imaging of normal and cancerous brain neuromorphology after in vivo treatment with synchrotron-generated x-ray microbeam radiation therapy (MRT), a spatially fractionated experimental high-dose radiosurgery. The goals were visualization of the MRT effects on nervous tissue and a qualitative comparison of the results to the histologic and high-field magnetic resonance imaging findings. METHODS AND MATERIALS MRT was administered in vivo to the brain of both healthy and cancer-bearing rats. At 45 days after treatment, the brain was dissected out and imaged ex vivo using propagation-based PCI-CT. RESULTS PCI-CT visualizes the brain anatomy and microvasculature in 3 dimensions and distinguishes cancerous tissue morphology, necrosis, and intratumor accumulation of iron and calcium deposits. Moreover, PCI-CT detects the effects of MRT throughout the treatment target areas (eg, the formation of micrometer-thick radiation-induced tissue ablation). The observed neurostructures were confirmed by histologic and immunohistochemistry examination and related to the micro-magnetic resonance imaging data. CONCLUSIONS PCI-CT enabled a unique 3D neuroimaging approach for ex vivo studies on small animal models in that it concurrently delivers high-resolution insight of local brain tissue morphology in both normal and cancerous micro-milieu, localizes radiosurgical damage, and highlights the deep microvasculature. This method could assist experimental small animal neurology studies in the postmortem evaluation of neuropathology or treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo E Barbone
- Department of Physics, Ludwig Maximilians University, Garching, Germany
| | - Alberto Bravin
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Domenico Bucci
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Neuropharmacology Section, I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Thomas Gaaβ
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Sigrid Auweter
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian F Reiser
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus J Kraiger
- Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse Clinic, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse Clinic, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Experimental Genetics, School of Life Science Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Neuropharmacology Section, I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Paola Coan
- Department of Physics, Ludwig Maximilians University, Garching, Germany; Department of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
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A 3D anatomical atlas of appendage musculature in the chelicerate arthropod Limulus polyphemus. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191400. [PMID: 29444161 PMCID: PMC5812571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Limulus polyphemus, an archetypal chelicerate taxon, has interested both biological and paleontological researchers due to its unique suite of anatomical features and as a useful modern analogue for fossil arthropod groups. To assist the study and documentation of this iconic taxon, we present a 3D atlas on the appendage musculature, with specific focus on the muscles of the cephalothoracic appendages. As L. polyphemus appendage musculature has been the focus of extensive study, depicting the muscles in 3D will facilitate a more complete understanding thereof for future researchers. A large museum specimen was CT scanned to illustrate the major exoskeletal features of L. polyphemus. Micro-CT scans of iodine-stained appendages from fresh, non-museum specimens were digitally dissected to interactively depict appendage sections and muscles. This study has revealed the presence of two new muscles: one within the pushing leg, located dorsally relative to all other patella muscles, and the other within the male pedipalp, located in the modified tibiotarsus. This atlas increases accessibility to important internal and external morphological features of L. polyphemus and reduces the need for destructive fresh tissue dissection of specimens. Scanning, digitally dissecting, and documenting taxa in 3D is a pivotal step towards creating permanent digital records of life on Earth.
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Ogunleke A, Recur B, Balacey H, Chen HH, Delugin M, Hwu Y, Javerzat S, Petibois C. 3D chemical imaging of the brain using quantitative IR spectro-microscopy. Chem Sci 2018; 9:189-198. [PMID: 29629087 PMCID: PMC5869290 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03306k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) histology is the next frontier for modern anatomo-pathology. Characterizing abnormal parameters in a tissue is essential to understand the rationale of pathology development. However, there is no analytical technique, in vivo or histological, that is able to discover such abnormal features and provide a 3D distribution at microscopic resolution. Here, we introduce a unique high-throughput infrared (IR) microscopy method that combines automated image correction and subsequent spectral data analysis for 3D-IR image reconstruction. We performed spectral analysis of a complete organ for a small animal model, a mouse brain with an implanted glioma tumor. The 3D-IR image is reconstructed from 370 consecutive tissue sections and corrected using the X-ray tomogram of the organ for an accurate quantitative analysis of the chemical content. A 3D matrix of 89 × 106 IR spectra is generated, allowing us to separate the tumor mass from healthy brain tissues based on various anatomical, chemical, and metabolic parameters. We demonstrate that quantitative metabolic parameters can be extracted from the IR spectra for the characterization of the brain vs. tumor metabolism (assessing the Warburg effect in tumors). Our method can be further exploited by searching for the whole spectral profile, discriminating tumor vs. healthy tissue in a non-supervised manner, which we call 'spectromics'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiodun Ogunleke
- University of Bordeaux , Inserm U1029 LAMC , Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire Bat. B2, F33600 Pessac , France . ;
| | - Benoit Recur
- University of Bordeaux , Inserm U1029 LAMC , Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire Bat. B2, F33600 Pessac , France . ;
| | - Hugo Balacey
- University of Bordeaux , Inserm U1029 LAMC , Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire Bat. B2, F33600 Pessac , France . ;
| | - Hsiang-Hsin Chen
- Academia Sinica , Institute of Physics , 128 Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Nankang , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan , Republic of China
| | - Maylis Delugin
- University of Bordeaux , Inserm U1029 LAMC , Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire Bat. B2, F33600 Pessac , France . ;
| | - Yeukuang Hwu
- Academia Sinica , Institute of Physics , 128 Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Nankang , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan , Republic of China
| | - Sophie Javerzat
- University of Bordeaux , Inserm U1029 LAMC , Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire Bat. B2, F33600 Pessac , France . ;
| | - Cyril Petibois
- University of Bordeaux , Inserm U1029 LAMC , Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire Bat. B2, F33600 Pessac , France . ;
- Academia Sinica , Institute of Physics , 128 Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Nankang , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan , Republic of China
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Comparison between perfusion computed tomography and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in assessing glioblastoma microvasculature. Eur J Radiol 2016; 87:120-124. [PMID: 28034567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Perfusion computed tomography (PCT) and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) provide independent measurements of biomarkers related to tumor perfusion. The aim of this study was to compare the two techniques in assessing glioblastoma microvasculature. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-five patients diagnosed with glioblastoma (14 males and 11 females; 51±11years old, ranging from 33 to 70 years) were includede in this prospective study. All patients underwent both PCT and DCE-MRI. Imaging was performed on a 256-slice CT scanner and a 3-T MRI system. PCT yielded permeability surface-area product (PS) using deconvolution physiological models; meanwhile, DCE-MRI determined volume transfer constant (Ktrans) using the Tofts-Kermode compartment model. All cases were submitted to surgical intervention, and CD105-microvascular density (CD105-MVD) was measured in each glioblastoma specimen. Then, Spearman's correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman plots were obtained for PS, Ktrans and CD105-MVD. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Tumor PS and Ktrans values were correlated with CD105-MVD (r=0.644, P<0.001; r=0.683, P<0.001). In addition, PS was correlated with Ktrans in glioblastoma (r=0.931, P<0.001). Finally, Bland-Altman plots showed no significant differences between PS and Ktrans (P=0.063). CONCLUSION PCT and DCE-MRI measurements of glioblastoma perfusion biomarkers have similar results, suggesting that both techniques may have comparable utility. Therefore, PCT may serve as an alternative modality to DCE-MRI for the in vivo evaluation of glioblastoma microvasculature.
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Kirschner S, Mürle B, Felix M, Arns A, Groden C, Wenz F, Hug A, Glatting G, Kramer M, Giordano FA, Brockmann MA. Imaging of Orthotopic Glioblastoma Xenografts in Mice Using a Clinical CT Scanner: Comparison with Micro-CT and Histology. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165994. [PMID: 27829015 PMCID: PMC5102379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose There is an increasing need for small animal in vivo imaging in murine orthotopic glioma models. Because dedicated small animal scanners are not available ubiquitously, the applicability of a clinical CT scanner for visualization and measurement of intracerebrally growing glioma xenografts in living mice was validated. Materials and Methods 2.5x106 U87MG cells were orthotopically implanted in NOD/SCID/ᵞc-/- mice (n = 9). Mice underwent contrast-enhanced (300 μl Iomeprol i.v.) imaging using a micro-CT (80 kV, 75 μAs, 360° rotation, 1,000 projections, scan time 33 s, resolution 40 x 40 x 53 μm) and a clinical CT scanner (4-row multislice detector; 120 kV, 150 mAs, slice thickness 0.5 mm, feed rotation 0.5 mm, resolution 98 x 98 x 500 μm). Mice were sacrificed and the brain was worked up histologically. In all modalities tumor volume was measured by two independent readers. Contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were measured from reconstructed CT-scans (0.5 mm slice thickness; n = 18). Results Tumor volumes (mean±SD mm3) were similar between both CT-modalities (micro-CT: 19.8±19.0, clinical CT: 19.8±18.8; Wilcoxon signed-rank test p = 0.813). Moreover, between reader analyses for each modality showed excellent agreement as demonstrated by correlation analysis (Spearman-Rho >0.9; p<0.01 for all correlations). Histologically measured tumor volumes (11.0±11.2) were significantly smaller due to shrinkage artifacts (p<0.05). CNR and SNR were 2.1±1.0 and 1.1±0.04 for micro-CT and 23.1±24.0 and 1.9±0.7 for the clinical CTscanner, respectively. Conclusion Clinical CT scanners may reliably be used for in vivo imaging and volumetric analysis of brain tumor growth in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Kirschner
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bettina Mürle
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Manuela Felix
- Medical Radiation Physics/Radiation Protection, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anna Arns
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Groden
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frederik Wenz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Hug
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, University Hospital Heidelberg, Schlierbacher Landstr. 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Glatting
- Medical Radiation Physics/Radiation Protection, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martin Kramer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Small Animal Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Frank A. Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marc A. Brockmann
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- * E-mail:
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11
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Girard R, Zeineddine HA, Orsbon C, Tan H, Moore T, Hobson N, Shenkar R, Lightle R, Shi C, Fam MD, Cao Y, Shen L, Neander AI, Rorrer A, Gallione C, Tang AT, Kahn ML, Marchuk DA, Luo ZX, Awad IA. Micro-computed tomography in murine models of cerebral cavernous malformations as a paradigm for brain disease. J Neurosci Methods 2016; 271:14-24. [PMID: 27345427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are hemorrhagic brain lesions, where murine models allow major mechanistic discoveries, ushering genetic manipulations and preclinical assessment of therapies. Histology for lesion counting and morphometry is essential yet tedious and time consuming. We herein describe the application and validations of X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), a non-destructive technique allowing three-dimensional CCM lesion count and volumetric measurements, in transgenic murine brains. NEW METHOD We hereby describe a new contrast soaking technique not previously applied to murine models of CCM disease. Volumetric segmentation and image processing paradigm allowed for histologic correlations and quantitative validations not previously reported with the micro-CT technique in brain vascular disease. RESULTS Twenty-two hyper-dense areas on micro-CT images, identified as CCM lesions, were matched by histology. The inter-rater reliability analysis showed strong consistency in the CCM lesion identification and staging (K=0.89, p<0.0001) between the two techniques. Micro-CT revealed a 29% greater CCM lesion detection efficiency, and 80% improved time efficiency. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD Serial integrated lesional area by histology showed a strong positive correlation with micro-CT estimated volume (r(2)=0.84, p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Micro-CT allows high throughput assessment of lesion count and volume in pre-clinical murine models of CCM. This approach complements histology with improved accuracy and efficiency, and can be applied for lesion burden assessment in other brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romuald Girard
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hussein A Zeineddine
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Courtney Orsbon
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Huan Tan
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas Moore
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nick Hobson
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert Shenkar
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rhonda Lightle
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Changbin Shi
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maged D Fam
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ying Cao
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Le Shen
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - April I Neander
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Autumn Rorrer
- Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Department, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Carol Gallione
- Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Department, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alan T Tang
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark L Kahn
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Douglas A Marchuk
- Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Department, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zhe-Xi Luo
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Issam A Awad
- Neurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Lwin TT, Yoneyama A, Hara A, Ohbu M, Maruyama H, Taguchi M, Esashi S, Matsushima T, Terazaki K, Hyodo K, Takeda T. Spontaneous brain tumor imaging of aged rat by crystal X-ray interferometer-based phase-contrast X-ray CT. Acta Radiol Open 2016; 5:2058460115626958. [PMID: 26962462 PMCID: PMC4765814 DOI: 10.1177/2058460115626958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Crystal X-ray interferometer-based phase-contrast X-ray computed tomography (C-PCCT) enables the depiction of internal structures of biological tissue without contrast agents. Purpose To determine the advantage of this technique in visualizing detailed morphological structures of a rare spontaneous brain tumor in an aged rat. Material and Methods An aged rat’s spontaneous brain tumor was imaged by C-PCCT without contrast agent. Three-dimensional (3D) images of the tumor microvasculature were reconstructed and compared with pathological pictures. Results C-PCCT depicted the tumor’s various pathological features clearly, e.g. its cell density and vasculature, and blood clots caused by hemorrhaging and/or hematomas. The obtained images resembled pathological pictures with a magnification of ×20 and were used to reconstruct 3D images of the tumor vascularity up to approximately 26 µm in diameter. Conclusion Since C-PCCT is able to depict various pathological conditions, it might be useful for cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thet-Thet Lwin
- Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Akio Yoneyama
- Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan; Kitasato University, School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Atsuko Hara
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan; Kitasato University, School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohbu
- Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hiroko Maruyama
- Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Masaya Taguchi
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Shogo Esashi
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Matsushima
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kei Terazaki
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Hyodo
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tohoru Takeda
- Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
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Yahyanejad S, Granton PV, Lieuwes NG, Gilmour L, Dubois L, Theys J, Chalmers AJ, Verhaegen F, Vooijs M. Complementary use of bioluminescence imaging and contrast-enhanced micro-computed tomography in an orthotopic brain tumor model. Mol Imaging 2015; 13. [PMID: 25743108 DOI: 10.2310/7290.2014.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Small animal models are crucial to link molecular discoveries and implementation of clinically relevant therapeutics in oncology. Using these models requires noninvasive imaging techniques to monitor disease progression and therapy response. Micro-computed tomography (CT) is less studied for the in vivo monitoring of murine intracranial tumors and traditionally suffers from poor soft tissue contrast, whereas bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is known for its sensitivity but is not frequently employed for quantifying tumor volume. A widely used orthotopic glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumor model was applied in nude mice, and tumor growth was evaluated by BLI and contrast-enhanced microCT imaging. A strong correlation was observed between CT volume and BLI-integrated intensity (Pearson coefficient (r) = .85, p = .0002). Repeated contouring of contrast-enhanced microCT-delineated tumor volumes achieved an intraobserver average pairwise overlap ratio of 0.84 and an average tumor volume coefficient of variance of 0.11. MicroCT-delineated tumor size was found to correlate with tumor size obtained via histologic analysis (Pearson coefficient (r) = .88, p = .005). We conclude that BLI intensity can be used to derive tumor volume but that the use of both contrast-enhanced microCT and BLI provides complementary tumor growth information, which is particularly useful for modern small animal irradiation devices that make use of microCT and BLI for treatment planning, targeting, and monitoring.
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Halle B, Thisgaard H, Hvidsten S, Dam JH, Aaberg-Jessen C, Thykjær AS, Høilund-Carlsen PF, Schulz MK, Andersen C, Kristensen BW. Estimation of Tumor Volumes by 11C-MeAIB and 18F-FDG PET in an Orthotopic Glioblastoma Rat Model. J Nucl Med 2015; 56:1562-8. [PMID: 26229144 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.162511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Brain tumor volume assessment is a major challenge. Molecular imaging using PET may be a promising option because it reflects the biologically active cells. We compared the agreement between PET- and histology-derived tumor volumes in an orthotopic glioblastoma rat model with a noninfiltrating (U87MG) and an infiltrating (T87) tumor phenotype using 2 different radiotracers, 2 different image reconstruction algorithms, parametric imaging, and 2 different image segmentation techniques. METHODS Rats with U87MG- and T87-derived glioblastomas were continuously scanned with PET for 1 h starting immediately after the injection of 11C-methylaminoisobutyric acid (11C-MeAIB). One hour later, 18F-FDG was injected, followed by a 3-h dynamic PET scan. Images were reconstructed using 2-dimensional ordered-subsets expectation maximization and 3-dimensional maximum a posteriori probability (MAP3D) algorithms. In addition, a parametric image, encompassing the entire tumor kinetics in a single image, was calculated on the basis of the 11C-MeAIB images. All reconstructed images were segmented by fixed thresholding of maximum voxel intensity (VImax) and mean background intensity. The agreement between PET- and histology-derived tumor volumes and intra- and interobserver agreement of the PET-derived volumes were evaluated using Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS By PET, the mean U87MG tumor volume was 35.0 mm3 using 18F-FDG and 34.1 mm3 with 11C-MeAIB, compared with 33.7 mm3 by histology. Corresponding T87 tumor volumes were 122.1 mm3 using 18F-FDG, 118.3 mm3 with 11C-MeAIB, and 125.4 mm3 by histology. None of these volumes were significantly different. The best agreement between PET- and histology-derived U87MG tumor volumes was achieved with 11C-MeAIB, MAP3D reconstruction, and fixed thresholding of VImax. The intra- and interobserver agreement was high using this method. For T87 tumors, the best agreement between PET- and histology-derived volumes was obtained using 18F-FDG, MAP3D reconstruction, and fixed thresholding of mean background intensity. The agreement using 11C-MeAIB, parametric imaging, and fixed thresholding of VImax was slightly inferior, but the intra- and interobserver agreement was clearly superior. CONCLUSION Estimation of tumor volume by PET of noninfiltrating brain tumors was accurate and reproducible. In contrast, tumor volume estimation by PET of infiltrating brain tumors was difficult and hard to reproduce. On the basis of our results, PET evaluation of highly infiltrating brain tumors should be further developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Halle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and
| | - Helge Thisgaard
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Svend Hvidsten
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Johan H Dam
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Aaberg-Jessen
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anne S Thykjær
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and
| | - Poul F Høilund-Carlsen
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mette K Schulz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and
| | - Claus Andersen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and
| | - Bjarne W Kristensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and
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15
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Kirschner S, Felix MC, Hartmann L, Bierbaum M, Maros ME, Kerl HU, Wenz F, Glatting G, Kramer M, Giordano FA, Brockmann MA. In vivo micro-CT imaging of untreated and irradiated orthotopic glioblastoma xenografts in mice: capabilities, limitations and a comparison with bioluminescence imaging. J Neurooncol 2015; 122:245-54. [PMID: 25605299 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1708-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Small animal imaging is of increasing relevance in biomedical research. Studies systematically assessing the diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced in vivo micro-CT of orthotopic glioma xenografts in mice do not exist. NOD/SCID/γc(-/-) mice (n = 27) underwent intracerebral implantation of 2.5 × 10(6) GFP-Luciferase-transduced U87MG cells. Mice underwent bioluminescence imaging (BLI) to detect tumor growth and afterwards repeated contrast-enhanced (300 µl Iomeprol i.v.) micro-CT imaging (80 kV, 75 µAs, 360° rotation, 1,000 projections, 33 s scan time, resolution 40 × 40 × 53 µm, 0.5 Gy/scan). Presence of tumors, tumor diameter and tumor volume in micro-CT were rated by two independent readers. Results were compared with histological analyses. Six mice with tumors confirmed by micro-CT received fractionated irradiation (3 × 5 Gy every other day) using the micro-CT (5 mm pencil beam geometry). Repeated micro-CT scans were tolerated well. Tumor engraftment rate was 74 % (n = 20). In micro-CT, mean tumor volume was 30 ± 33 mm(3), and the smallest detectable tumor measured 360 × 620 µm. The inter-rater agreement (n = 51 micro-CT scans) for the item tumor yes/no was excellent (Spearman-Rho = 0.862, p < 0.001). Sensitivity and specificity of micro-CT were 0.95 and 0.71, respectively (PPV = 0.91, NPV = 0.83). BLI on day 21 after tumor implantation had a sensitivity and specificity of 0.90 and 1.0, respectively (PPV = 1.0, NPV = 0.5). Maximum tumor diameter and volume in micro-CT and histology correlated excellently (tumor diameter: 0.929, p < 0.001; tumor volume: 0.969, p < 0.001, n = 17). Irradiated animals showed a large central tumor necrosis. Longitudinal contrast enhanced micro-CT imaging of brain tumor growth in live mice is feasible at high sensitivity levels and with excellent inter-rater agreement and allows visualization of radiation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Kirschner
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University, Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
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Long HQ, Xie WH, Chen WL, Xie WL, Xu JH, Hu Y. Value of micro-CT for monitoring spinal microvascular changes after chronic spinal cord compression. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:12061-73. [PMID: 25003643 PMCID: PMC4139829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150712061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological degeneration can occur after compression of the spinal cord. It is widely accepted that spinal cord compression leads to ischemic lesions and ultimately neurological dysfunction due to a narrowed spinal canal. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis of spinal cord compression injury is required to help develop effective clinical interventions. In the present study, we propose a new method of quantitative 3D micro-CT to observe microvascular events in a chronic spinal cord compression rat model. A total of 36 rats were divided into two groups: sham control group (n = 12) and compressive spinal cord injury group (n = 24). Rats were scarified at four weeks after surgery. In each group, CD34 micro-vessel immunohistochemical staining was performed in half of the animals, while micro-CT scanning was performed in the other half. Microvessel density (MVD) was measured after immunohistochemical staining, while the vascular index (VI) was measured in 3D micro-CT. In comparison with sham control, abnormal somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) can be seen in all 24 cases of the compression group, and VI shows the amount of microvessels reduced consistently and significantly (p < 0.01). A significant correlation is also found between MVD and VI (r = 0.95, p < 0.01). These data suggest that quantitative 3D micro-CT is a sensitive and promising tool for investigating microvascular changes during chronic compressive spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Qing Long
- Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China.
| | - Wen-Han Xie
- Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China.
| | - Wen-Li Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China.
| | - Wen-Lin Xie
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China.
| | - Jing-Hui Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China.
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Kai Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
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Chien YC, Chen JCH, Lin WC, Ding HJ, Wang HE, Kao CHK, Hwang JJ. Using [¹⁸F]FBAU for imaging brain tumor progression in an F98/tk-luc glioma-bearing rat model. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:691-9. [PMID: 24926696 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
1-(2-Deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-β-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-bromouracil ([18F]FBAU), a substitute for thymine, has been reported as an effective reporter probe by which to trace cellular metabolism with its positron emission. In the present study, a rat xenograft model bearing F98 glioma transfected with dual reporter genes, herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-tk) and firefly luciferase (luc) was used for monitoring tumor progression by multimodalities of molecular imaging using [18F]FBAU and D-luciferase as probes. Rat F98 glioma cells were transfected with the pC1-tk-IRES-luc vectors. The selected stable clone was renamed as the F98/tk-luc cell line. Fischer 344 male rats bearing orthotropic F98/tk-luc gliomas in the left brain were used. On day 13 post tumor inoculation, biodistribution, positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ex vivo autoradiography were performed. The surviving fraction of F98/tk-luc cells treated with 15 µM ganciclovir (GCV) was 15.9%, and the uptake of [131I]FIAU in these cells was significantly enhanced when compared with F98 cells. The correlation coefficient of tumor volume vs. the bioluminescence in the F98/tk-luc glioma-bearing rats was 0.90. The biodistribution showed that the accumulation ratios of [18F]FBAU for glioma-to-normal brain were 9.16, 14.24, 5.7 and 13.7 at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min post i.v. injection, respectively. Consistent tumor enhancement of [18F]FBAU/PET imaging was also noted from 30-90 min post injection. Ex vivo autoradiography also confirmed significant [18F]FBAU uptake in tumors. In conclusion, [18F]FBAU may be used as a PET probe for monitoring glioma progression in animal models and may have potential for clinical use as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chun Chien
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Bei-tou 11221, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - John Chun-Hao Chen
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Bei-tou 11221, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Chan Lin
- Department of Radiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hueisch-Jy Ding
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, I-Shou University, Jiaosu Village, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsin-Ell Wang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Bei-tou 11221, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chih-Hao K Kao
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical Production, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jeng-Jong Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Bei-tou 11221, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Schwarz MA, Pham M, Helluy X, Doerfler A, Engelhorn T. MRI assessment of experimental gliomas using 17.6 T. Neuroradiology 2013; 55:709-18. [PMID: 23475161 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-013-1149-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Using ultra-high-field contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), an increase of field strength is associated with a decrease of T 1 relaxivity. Yet, the impact of this effect on signal characteristics and contrast-enhanced pathology remains unclear. Hence, we evaluated the potential of a 17.6-T MRI to assess contrast-enhancing parts of experimentally induced rat gliomas compared to 3 T. METHODS A total of eight tumor-bearing rats were used for MRI assessments either at 17.6 T (four rats) or at 3 T (four rats) at 11 days after stereotactic implantation of F98 glioma cells into the right frontal lobe. T 1-weighted sequences were used to investigate signal-to-noise-ratios, contrast-to-noise-ratios, and relative contrast enhancement up to 16 min after double-dose contrast application. In addition, tumor volumes were calculated and compared to histology. RESULTS The 17.6-T-derived contrast-enhancing volumes were 31.5 ± 15.4 mm(3) at 4 min, 38.8 ± 12.7 mm(3) at 8 min, 51.1 ± 12.6 mm(3) at 12 min, and 61.5 ± 10.8 mm(3) at 16 min after gadobutrol injection. Corresponding histology-derived volumes were clearly higher (138.8 ± 8.4 mm(3); P < 0.01). At 3 T, contrast-enhancing volumes were 85.2 ± 11.7 mm(3) at 4 min, 107.3 ± 11.0 mm(3) at 8 min, 117.0 ± 10.5 mm(3) at 12 min, and 129.1 ± 10.0 mm(3) at 16 min after contrast agent application. Averaged histology-derived volumes (139.1 ± 13.4 mm(3)) in this group were comparable to the 16-min volume (P ↔16 min = 0.38). Compared to ultra-high-field MRI, all 3-T-derived volumes were significantly higher (P < 0.02). CONCLUSION Compared to 3-T-derived images and histology, tumor volumes were underestimated by approximately 50 % at 17.6 T. Hence, contrast-enhanced 17.6-T MRI provided no further benefits in tumor measurement compared to 3 T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Schwarz
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Subedi KS, Takahashi T, Yamano T, Saitoh JI, Nishimura K, Suzuki Y, Ohno T, Nakano T. Usefulness of double dose contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for clear delineation of gross tumor volume in stereotactic radiotherapy treatment planning of metastatic brain tumors: a dose comparison study. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2013; 54:135-139. [PMID: 22843378 PMCID: PMC3534262 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrs053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the size and clearness of gross tumor volumes (GTVs) of metastatic brain tumors on T1-weighted magnetic resonance images between a single dose contrast administration protocol and a double dose contrast administration protocol to determine the optimum dose of contrast-enhancement for clear delineation of GTV in stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT). A total of 28 small metastatic brain tumors were evaluated in 13 patients by intra-individual comparison of GTV measurements using single dose and double dose contrast-enhanced thin-slice (1-mm) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All patients had confirmed histological types of primary tumors and had undergone hypo-fractionated SRT for metastatic brain tumors. The mean tumor diameter with single dose and double dose contrast-enhancement was 12.0 ± 1.1 mm and 13.2 ± 1.1 mm respectively (P < 0.001). The mean incremental ratio (MIR) obtained by comparing mean tumor diameters was 11.2 ± 0.02 %. The mean volume of GTV-1 (single dose contrast-enhancement) and GTV-2 (double dose contrast-enhancement) was 1.38 ± 0.41 ml and 1.59 ± 0.45 ml respectively (P < 0.01). The MIR by comparing mean tumor volumes was 32.3 ± 0.4 %. The MIR of GTV-1 with < 1 ml volume and GTV-1 with > 1 ml volume was 41.8 ± 0.05 % and 12.4 ± 0.03 % respectively (P < 0.001). We conclude that double dose contrast-enhanced thin-slice MRI is a more useful technique than single dose contrast-enhanced thin-slice MRI, especially for clear delineation of GTVs of small metastatic brain tumors in treatment planning of highly precise SRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalloo Sharma Subedi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
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Hayasaka N, Nagai N, Kawao N, Niwa A, Yoshioka Y, Mori Y, Shigeta H, Kashiwagi N, Miyazawa M, Satou T, Higashino H, Matsuo O, Murakami T. In vivo diagnostic imaging using micro-CT: sequential and comparative evaluation of rodent models for hepatic/brain ischemia and stroke. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32342. [PMID: 22384223 PMCID: PMC3285673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is an increasing need for animal disease models for pathophysiological research and efficient drug screening. However, one of the technical barriers to the effective use of the models is the difficulty of non-invasive and sequential monitoring of the same animals. Micro-CT is a powerful tool for serial diagnostic imaging of animal models. However, soft tissue contrast resolution, particularly in the brain, is insufficient for detailed analysis, unlike the current applications of CT in the clinical arena. We address the soft tissue contrast resolution issue in this report. Methodology We performed contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) on mouse models of experimental cerebral infarction and hepatic ischemia. Pathological changes in each lesion were quantified for two weeks by measuring the lesion volume or the ratio of high attenuation area (%HAA), indicative of increased vascular permeability. We also compared brain images of stroke rats and ischemic mice acquired with micro-CT to those acquired with 11.7-T micro-MRI. Histopathological analysis was performed to confirm the diagnosis by CECT. Principal Findings In the models of cerebral infarction, vascular permeability was increased from three days through one week after surgical initiation, which was also confirmed by Evans blue dye leakage. Measurement of volume and %HAA of the liver lesions demonstrated differences in the recovery process between mice with distinct genetic backgrounds. Comparison of CT and MR images acquired from the same stroke rats or ischemic mice indicated that accuracy of volumetric measurement, as well as spatial and contrast resolutions of CT images, was comparable to that obtained with MRI. The imaging results were also consistent with the histological data. Conclusions This study demonstrates that the CECT scanning method is useful in rodents for both quantitative and qualitative evaluations of pathologic lesions in tissues/organs including the brain, and is also suitable for longitudinal observation of the same animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Hayasaka
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
- * E-mail: (NH); (TM)
| | - Nobuo Nagai
- Department of Physiology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kawao
- Department of Physiology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsuko Niwa
- Department of Pharmacology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshichika Yoshioka
- Biofunctional Imaging Laboratory, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Mori
- Biofunctional Imaging Laboratory, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Nobuo Kashiwagi
- Department of Radiology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaaki Miyazawa
- Department of Immunology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takao Satou
- Department of Pathology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideaki Higashino
- Department of Pharmacology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Osamu Matsuo
- Department of Physiology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takamichi Murakami
- Department of Radiology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail: (NH); (TM)
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Mystkowska D, Tutas A, Jezierska-Woźniak K, Mikołajczyk A, Bobek-Billewicz B, Jurkowski M. Usefulness of clinical magnetic resonance scanners for imaging experimental changes in laboratory rodents' central nervous system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poamed.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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22
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Eisa F, Brauweiler R, Hupfer M, Nowak T, Lotz L, Hoffmann I, Wachter D, Dittrich R, Beckmann MW, Jost G, Pietsch H, Kalender WA. Dynamic contrast-enhanced micro-CT on mice with mammary carcinoma for the assessment of antiangiogenic therapy response. Eur Radiol 2011; 22:900-7. [PMID: 22071777 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-011-2318-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the potential of in vivo dynamic contrast-enhanced micro-computed tomography (DCE micro-CT) for the assessment of antiangiogenic drug therapy response of mice with mammary carcinoma. METHODS 20 female mice with implanted MCF7 tumours were split into control group and therapy group treated with a known effective antiangiogenic drug. All mice underwent DCE micro-CT for the 3D analysis of functional parameters (relative blood volume [rBV], vascular permeability [K], area under the time-enhancement curve [AUC]) and morphology. All parameters were determined for total, peripheral and central tumour volumes of interest (VOIs). Immunohistochemistry was performed to characterise tumour vascularisation. 3D dose distributions were determined. RESULTS The mean AUCs were significantly lower in therapy with P values of 0.012, 0.007 and 0.023 for total, peripheral and central tumour VOIs. K and rBV showed significant differences for the peripheral (P(per)(K) = 0.032, P(per) (rBV) = 0.029), but not for the total and central tumour VOIs (P(total)(K) = 0.108, P(central)(K) = 0.246, P(total) (rBV) = 0.093, P(central) (rBV) = 0.136). Mean tumour volume was significantly smaller in therapy (P (in vivo) = 0.001, P (ex vivo) = 0.005). Histology revealed greater vascularisation in the controls and central tumour necrosis. Doses ranged from 150 to 300 mGy. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates the great potential of DCE micro-CT for early in vivo assessment of antiangiogenic drug therapy response. KEY POINTS Dynamic contrast enhanced micro-CT (computed tomography) is a new experimental laboratory technique. DCE micro-CT allows early in vivo assessment of antiangiogenic drug therapy response. Pharmaceutical drugs can be tested before translation to clinical practice. Both morphological and functional parameters can be obtained using DCE micro-CT. Antiangiogenic effects can be visualised with DCE micro-CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Eisa
- Institute of Medical Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Henkest. 91, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.
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MicroPET/CT Imaging of an Orthotopic Model of Human Glioblastoma Multiforme and Evaluation of Pulsed Low-Dose Irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011; 80:885-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Functional histology of glioma vasculature by FTIR imaging. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:795-801. [PMID: 21556748 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) imaging has been used to investigate brain tumor angiogenesis using a mice solid tumor model and bare-gold (∅ 25 nm) or BaSO(4) (∅ 500 nm) nanoparticles (NP) injected into blood vasculature. FTIR images of 20-μm-thick tissue sections were used for chemical histology of healthy and tumor areas. Distribution of BaSO(4)-NP (using the 1,218-1,159 cm(-1) spectral interval) revealed clearly all details of blood vasculature with morphological abnormalities of tumor capillaries, while Au-NP (using the 1,046-1,002 cm(-1) spectral interval) revealed also diffusion properties of leaky blood vessels. Diffusion of Au-NP out of vascular space reached 64 ± 29 μm, showing the fenestration of "leaky" tumor blood vessels, which should allow small NP (<100 nm, as for Au-NP) to diffuse almost freely, while large NP should not (as for BaSO(4)-NP in this study). Therefore, we propose to develop FTIR imaging as a convenient tool for functional molecular histology imaging of brain tumor vasculature, both for identifying blood capillaries and for determining the extravascular diffusion space offered by vessel fenestration.
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Choe AS, Gao Y, Li X, Compton KB, Stepniewska I, Anderson AW. Accuracy of image registration between MRI and light microscopy in the ex vivo brain. Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 29:683-92. [PMID: 21546191 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2011.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A multistep procedure was developed to register magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histological data from the same sample in the light microscopy image space, with the ultimate goal of allowing quantitative comparisons of the two datasets. The fixed brain of an owl monkey was used to develop and test the procedure. In addition to the MRI and histological data, photographic images of the brain tissue block acquired during sectioning were assembled into a blockface volume to provide an intermediate step for the overall registration process. The MR volume was first registered to the blockface volume using a combination of linear and nonlinear registration, and two dimensional (2D) blockface sections were registered to corresponding myelin-stained sections using a combination of linear and nonlinear registration. Before this 2D registration, two major types of tissue distortions were corrected: tissue tearing and independent movement of different parts of the brain, both introduced during histological processing of the sections. The correction procedure utilized a 2D method to close tissue tears and a multiple iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm to reposition separate pieces of tissue in the image. The accuracy of the overall MR to micrograph registration procedure was assessed by measuring the distance between registered landmarks chosen in the MR image space and the corresponding landmarks chosen in the micrograph space. The average error distance of the MR data registered to micrograph data was 0.324±0.277 mm, only 8% larger than the width of the MRI voxel (0.3 mm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann S Choe
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Nett BE, Brauweiler R, Kalender W, Rowley H, Chen GH. Perfusion measurements by micro-CT using prior image constrained compressed sensing (PICCS): initial phantom results. Phys Med Biol 2010; 55:2333-50. [PMID: 20360635 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/55/8/014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Micro-CT scanning has become an accepted standard for anatomical imaging in small animal disease and genome mutation models. Concurrently, perfusion imaging via tracking contrast dynamics after injection of an iodinated contrast agent is a well-established tool for clinical CT scanners. However, perfusion imaging is not yet commercially available on the micro-CT platform due to limitations in both radiation dose and temporal resolution. Recent hardware developments in micro-CT scanners enable continuous imaging of a given volume through the use of a slip-ring gantry. Now that dynamic CT imaging is feasible, data may be acquired to measure tissue perfusion using a micro-CT scanner (CT Imaging, Erlangen, Germany). However, rapid imaging using micro-CT scanners leads to high image noise in individual time frames. Using the standard filtered backprojection (FBP) image reconstruction, images are prohibitively noisy for calculation of voxel-by-voxel perfusion maps. In this study, we apply prior image constrained compressed sensing (PICCS) to reconstruct images with significantly lower noise variance. In perfusion phantom experiments performed on a micro-CT scanner, the PICCS reconstruction enabled a reduction to 1/16 of the noise variance of standard FBP reconstruction, without compromising the spatial or temporal resolution. This enables a significant increase in dose efficiency, and thus, significantly less exposure time is needed to acquire images amenable to perfusion processing. This reduction in required irradiation time enables voxel-by-voxel perfusion maps to be generated on micro-CT scanners. Sample perfusion maps using a deconvolution-based perfusion analysis are included to demonstrate the improvement in image quality using the PICCS algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian E Nett
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Eloot L, Buls N, Covens P, Willekens I, Lahoutte T, de Mey J. Quality control of micro-computed tomography systems. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2010; 139:463-467. [PMID: 20223850 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncq088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The rapid proliferation of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scanners in preclinical small animal studies has created a need for a method on scanner performance evaluation and scan parameter optimisation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of the scanner with a dedicated micro-CT phantom. The phantom was developed with different independent sections that allow for measurement of major scanner characteristics such as uniformity, linearity, contrast response, dosimetry and resolution. The results of a thorough investigation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Eloot
- Department of Radiology, UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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Breton E, Goetz C, Kintz J, Accart N, Aubertin G, Grellier B, Erbs P, Rooke R, Constantinesco A, Choquet P. In vivo preclinical low-field MRI monitoring of tumor growth following a suicide-gene therapy in an orthotopic mice model of human glioblastoma. C R Biol 2010; 333:220-5. [PMID: 20338540 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2009.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2009] [Revised: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to monitor in vivo with low field MRI growth of a murine orthotopic glioma model following a suicide gene therapy. METHODS The gene therapy consisted in the stereotactic injection in the mice brain of a modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vector encoding for a suicide gene (FCU1) that transforms a non toxic prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) to its highly cytotoxic derivatives 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and 5'-fluorouridine-5'monophosphate (5'-FUMP). Using a warmed-up imaging cell, sequential 3D T1 and T2 0.1T MRI brain examinations were performed on 16 Swiss female nu/nu mice bearing orthotopic human glioblastoma (U87-MG cells). The 6-week in vivo MRI follow-up consisted in a weekly measurement of the intracerebral tumor volume leading to a total of 65 examinations. Mice were divided in four groups: sham group (n=4), sham group treated with 5-FC only (n=4), sham group with injection of MVA-FCU1 vector only (n=4), therapy group administered with MVA-FCU1 vector and 5-FC (n=4). Measurements of tumor volumes were obtained after manual segmentation of T1- and T2-weighted images. RESULTS Intra-observer and inter-observer tumor volume measurements show no significant differences. No differences were found between T1 and T2 volume tumor doubling times between the three sham groups. A significant statistical difference (p<0.05) in T1 and T2 volume tumor doubling times between the three sham groups and the animals treated with the intratumoral injection of MVA-FCU1 vector in combination with 2 weeks per os 5-FC administration was demonstrated. CONCLUSION Preclinical low field MRI was able to monitor efficacy of suicide gene therapy in delaying the tumor growth in an in vivo mouse model of orthotopic glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Breton
- Service de biophysique et médecine nucléaire, hôpital de Hautepierre, CHRU de Strasbourg, 1, avenue Molière, 67098 Strasbourg, France
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