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Duan Y, Wu X, Gong Z, Guo Q, Kong Y. Pathological impact and medical applications of electromagnetic field on melanoma: A focused review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:857068. [PMID: 35936711 PMCID: PMC9355252 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.857068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Electromagnetic Field (EMF) influences melanoma in various ways. EMF can be classified into extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field, low-frequency magnetic field, static moderate magnetic field, strong electromagnetic field, alternating magnetic field, and magnetic nanoparticles. Each type of EMF influences melanoma development differently, and the detailed influence of each specific type of EMF on melanoma is reviewed. Furthermore, EMF influences melanoma cell polarity and hence affects drug uptake. In this review, the impacts of EMF on the effectiveness of drugs used to treat melanoma are listed according to drug types, with detailed effects according to the types of EMF and specific melanoma cell lines. EMF also impacts clinical therapies of melanoma, including localized magnetic hyperthermia, focalized thermotherapy, proton radiation treatment, nanostructure heating magnetic hyperthermia, radiation therapy, Polycaprolactone-Fe3O4 fiber mat-based bandage, and optune therapy. Above all, EMF has huge potential in melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiao Duan
- Astronomy Department, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, United States
| | - Xiaowen Wu
- Melanoma Department, Beijing Institution for Cancer Research, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqi Gong
- Melanoma Department, Beijing Institution for Cancer Research, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Guo
- Melanoma Department, Beijing Institution for Cancer Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Melanoma Department, Beijing Institution for Cancer Research, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Kong,
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2
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The Influence of Burst-Firing EMF on Forskolin-Induced Pheochromocytoma (PC12) Plasma Membrane Extensions. NEUROSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/neurosci2040028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells treated with forskolin provides a model for the in vitro examination of neuritogenesis. Exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs), especially those which have been designed to mimic biological function, can influence the functions of various biological systems. We aimed to assess whether exposure of PC12 cells treated with forskolin to patterned EMF would produce more plasma membrane extensions (PME) as compared to PC12 cells treated with forskolin alone (i.e., no EMF exposure). In addition, we aimed to determine whether the differences observed between the proportion of PME of PC12 cells treated with forskolin and exposed to EMF were specific to the intensity, pattern, or timing of the applied EMF. Our results showed an overall increase in PME for PC12 cells treated with forskolin and exposed to Burst-firing EMF as compared to PC12 cells receiving forskolin alone. No other patterned EMF investigated were deemed to be effective. Furthermore, intensity and timing of the Burst-firing pattern did not significantly alter the proportion of PME of PC12 cells treated with forskolin and exposed to patterned EMF.
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Yang P, Jiang Y, Rhea PR, Coway T, Chen D, Gagea M, Harribance SL, Cohen L. Human Biofield Therapy and the Growth of Mouse Lung Carcinoma. Integr Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1534735419840797. [PMID: 30947564 PMCID: PMC6475842 DOI: 10.1177/1534735419840797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofield therapies have gained popularity and are being explored as possible
treatments for cancer. In some cases, devices have been developed that mimic the
electromagnetic fields that are emitted from people delivering biofield
therapies. However, there is limited research examining if humans could
potentially inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells and suppress tumor growth
through modification of inflammation and the immune system. We found that human
NSCLC A549 lung cancer cells exposed to Sean L. Harribance, a purported healer,
showed reduced viability and downregulation of pAkt. We further observed that
the experimental exposure slowed growth of mouse Lewis lung carcinoma evidenced
by significantly smaller tumor volume in the experimental mice (274.3 ± 188.9
mm3) than that of control mice (740.5 ± 460.2 mm3;
P < .05). Exposure to the experimental condition
markedly reduced tumoral expression of pS6, a cytosolic marker of cell
proliferation, by 45% compared with that of the control group. Results of
reversed phase proteomic array suggested that the experimental exposure
downregulated the PD-L1 expression in the tumor tissues. Similarly, the serum
levels of cytokines, especially MCP-1, were significantly reduced in the
experimental group (P < .05). Furthermore, TILs profiling
showed that CD8+/CD4− immune cell population was increased
by almost 2-fold in the experimental condition whereas the number of
intratumoral CD25+/CD4+ (T-reg cells) and CD68+
macrophages were 84% and 33%, respectively, lower than that of the control
group. Together, these findings suggest that exposure to purported biofields
from a human is capable of suppressing tumor growth, which might be in part
mediated through modification of the tumor microenvironment, immune function,
and anti-inflammatory activity in our mouse lung tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiying Yang
- 1 The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yan Jiang
- 1 The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patrea R Rhea
- 1 The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tara Coway
- 1 The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dongmei Chen
- 1 The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mihai Gagea
- 1 The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sean L Harribance
- 2 Sean Harribance Institute for Parapsychology, Inc., Sugarland, TX, USA
| | - Lorenzo Cohen
- 1 The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Murugan NJ, Karbowski LM, Persinger MA. Synergistic interactions between temporal coupling of complex light and magnetic pulses upon melanoma cell proliferation and planarian regeneration. Electromagn Biol Med 2016; 36:141-148. [PMID: 27463225 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2016.1202838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Synergisms between a physiologically patterned magnetic field that is known to enhance planarian growth and suppress proliferation of malignant cells in culture and three light emitting diode (LED) generated visible wavelengths (blue, green, red) upon planarian regeneration and melanoma cell numbers were discerned. Five days of hourly exposures to either a physiologically patterned (2.5-5.0 μT) magnetic field, one of three wavelengths (3 kLux) or both treatments simultaneously indicated that red light (680 nm), blue light (470 nm) or the magnetic field significantly facilitated regeneration of planarian compared to sham field exposed planarian. Presentation of both light and magnetic field conditions enhanced the effect. Whereas the blue and red light diminished the growth of malignant (melanoma) cells, the effect was not as large as that produced by the magnetic field. Only the paired presentation of the blue light and magnetic field enhanced the suppression. On the other hand, the changes following green light (540 nm) exposure did not differ from the control condition and green light presented with the magnetic field eliminated its effects for both the planarian and melanoma cells. These results indicate specific colors affect positive adaptation that is similar to weak, physiologically patterned frequency modulated (8-24 Hz) magnetic fields and that the two forms of energy can synergistically summate or cancel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirosha J Murugan
- a Biomolecular Sciences Program, Department of Behavioural Neuroscience , Laurentian University , Sudbury , Canada
| | - Lukasz M Karbowski
- a Biomolecular Sciences Program, Department of Behavioural Neuroscience , Laurentian University , Sudbury , Canada
| | - Michael A Persinger
- a Biomolecular Sciences Program, Department of Behavioural Neuroscience , Laurentian University , Sudbury , Canada
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Karbowski LM, Saroka KS, Murugan NJ, Persinger MA. LORETA indicates frequency-specific suppressions of current sources within the cerebrums of blindfolded subjects from patterns of blue light flashes applied over the skull. Epilepsy Behav 2015; 51:127-32. [PMID: 26276250 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
An array of eight cloistered (completely covered) 470-nm LEDs was attached to the right caudal scalp of subjects while each sat blindfolded within a darkened chamber. The LEDs were activated by a computer-generated complex (frequency-modulated) temporal pattern that, when applied as weak magnetic fields, has elicited sensed presences and changes in LORETA (low-resolution electromagnetic tomography) configurations. Serial 5-min on to 5-min off presentations of the blue light (10,000lx) resulted in suppression of gamma activity within the right cuneus (including the extrastriate area), beta activity within the left angular and right superior temporal regions, and alpha power within the right parahippocampal region. The effect required about 5min to emerge followed by a transient asymptote for about 15 to 20min when diminished current source density was evident even during no light conditions. Subjective experiences, as measured by our standard exit questionnaire, reflected sensations similar to those reported when the pattern was presented as a weak magnetic field. Given previous evidence that photon flux density of this magnitude can penetrate the skull, these results suggest that properly configured LEDs that generate physiologically patterned light sequences might be employed as noninvasive methods to explore the dynamic characteristics of cerebral activity in epileptic and nonepileptic brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz M Karbowski
- Behavioural Neuroscience Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada; Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Kevin S Saroka
- Behavioural Neuroscience Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada; Human Studies Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Nirosha J Murugan
- Behavioural Neuroscience Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada; Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Michael A Persinger
- Behavioural Neuroscience Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada; Human Studies Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada; Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada.
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Tessaro LWE, Murugan NJ, Persinger MA. Bacterial growth rates are influenced by cellular characteristics of individual species when immersed in electromagnetic fields. Microbiol Res 2015; 172:26-33. [PMID: 25721476 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) have negative effects on the rate of growth of bacteria. In the present study, two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative species were exposed to six magnetic field conditions in broth cultures. Three variations of the 'Thomas' pulsed frequency-modulated pattern; a strong-static "puck" magnet upwards of 5000G in intensity; a pair of these magnets rotating opposite one another at ∼30rpm; and finally a strong dynamic magnetic field generator termed the 'Resonator' with an average intensity of 250μT were used. Growth rate was discerned by optical density (OD) measurements every hour at 600nm. ELF-EMF conditions significantly affected the rates of growth of the bacterial cultures, while the two static magnetic field conditions were not statistically significant. Most interestingly, the 'Resonator' dynamic magnetic field increased the rates of growth of three species (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli), while slowing the growth of one (Serratia marcescens). We suggest that these effects are due to individual biophysical characteristics of the bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas W E Tessaro
- Behavioural Neuroscience Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada P3E 2C6; Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada P3E 2C6.
| | - Nirosha J Murugan
- Behavioural Neuroscience Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada P3E 2C6; Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada P3E 2C6
| | - Michael A Persinger
- Behavioural Neuroscience Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada P3E 2C6; Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada P3E 2C6.
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Potential production of Hughlings Jackson's "parasitic consciousness" by physiologically-patterned weak transcerebral magnetic fields: QEEG and source localization. Epilepsy Behav 2013; 28:395-407. [PMID: 23872082 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Exotic experiences such as the sensing of another consciousness or the detachment of consciousness from the body are occasionally reported by individuals with partial seizures from a temporal lobe focus. The experiences display the characteristics of Hughlings Jackson's "parasitic consciousness". We have hypothesized that these experiences are encouraged by slight discrepancies in hemispheric activity that can be simulated by application of weak, physiologically-patterned magnetic fields across the cerebral hemispheres. Electroencephalographic and Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (sLORETA) data revealed altered activity bands within specific regions within the cerebral cortices during these experiences. The clear changes in power of brain activity were discerned after consistent durations of exposure to specifically patterned weak magnetic fields. Millisecond range point durations were required. The technology may be useful to explore the subjective components associated with complex partial seizures.
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Temporally-patterned magnetic fields induce complete fragmentation in planaria. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61714. [PMID: 23620783 PMCID: PMC3631155 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A tandem sequence composed of weak temporally-patterned magnetic fields was discovered that produced 100% dissolution of planarian in their home environment. After five consecutive days of 6.5 hr exposure to a frequency-modulated magnetic field (0.1 to 2 µT), immediately followed by an additional 6.5 hr exposure on the fifth day, to another complex field (0.5 to 5 µT) with exponentially increasing spectral power 100% of planarian dissolved within 24 hr. Reversal of the sequence of the fields or presentation of only one pattern for the same duration did not produce this effect. Direct video evidence showed expansion (by visual estimation ∼twice normal volume) of the planarian following the first field pattern followed by size reduction (estimated ∼1/2 of normal volume) and death upon activation of the second pattern. The contortions displayed by the planarian during the last field exposure suggest effects on contractile proteins and alterations in the cell membrane’s permeability to water.
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