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Geng LM, Jiang JG. The neuroprotective effects of formononetin: Signaling pathways and molecular targets. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Mao L, Yin R, Yang L, Zhao D. Role of advanced glycation end products on vascular smooth muscle cells under diabetic atherosclerosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:983723. [PMID: 36120471 PMCID: PMC9470882 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.983723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease and leading cause of cardiovascular diseases. The progression of AS is a multi-step process leading to high morbidity and mortality. Hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), inflammation and insulin resistance which strictly involved in diabetes are closely related to the pathogenesis of AS. A growing number of studies have linked AGEs to AS. As one of the risk factors of cardiac metabolic diseases, dysfunction of VSMCs plays an important role in AS pathogenesis. AGEs are increased in diabetes, participate in the occurrence and progression of AS through multiple molecular mechanisms of vascular cell injury. As the main functional cells of vascular, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play different roles in each stage of atherosclerotic lesions. The interaction between AGEs and receptor for AGEs (RAGE) accelerates AS by affecting the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. In addition, increasing researches have reported that AGEs promote osteogenic transformation and macrophage-like transformation of VSMCs, and affect the progression of AS through other aspects such as autophagy and cell cycle. In this review, we summarize the effect of AGEs on VSMCs in atherosclerotic plaque development and progression. We also discuss the AGEs that link AS and diabetes mellitus, including oxidative stress, inflammation, RAGE ligands, small noncoding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dong Zhao
- *Correspondence: Longyan Yang, ; Dong Zhao,
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Bhusal A, Rahman MH, Suk K. Hypothalamic inflammation in metabolic disorders and aging. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 79:32. [PMID: 34910246 PMCID: PMC11071926 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus is a critical brain region for the regulation of energy homeostasis. Over the years, studies on energy metabolism primarily focused on the neuronal component of the hypothalamus. Studies have recently uncovered the vital role of glial cells as an additional player in energy balance regulation. However, their inflammatory activation under metabolic stress condition contributes to various metabolic diseases. The recruitment of monocytes and macrophages in the hypothalamus helps sustain such inflammation and worsens the disease state. Neurons were found to actively participate in hypothalamic inflammatory response by transmitting signals to the surrounding non-neuronal cells. This activation of different cell types in the hypothalamus leads to chronic, low-grade inflammation, impairing energy balance and contributing to defective feeding habits, thermogenesis, and insulin and leptin signaling, eventually leading to metabolic disorders (i.e., diabetes, obesity, and hypertension). The hypothalamus is also responsible for the causation of systemic aging under metabolic stress. A better understanding of the multiple factors contributing to hypothalamic inflammation, the role of the different hypothalamic cells, and their crosstalks may help identify new therapeutic targets. In this review, we focus on the role of glial cells in establishing a cause-effect relationship between hypothalamic inflammation and the development of metabolic diseases. We also cover the role of other cell types and discuss the possibilities and challenges of targeting hypothalamic inflammation as a valid therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Bhusal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
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Yang J, Li Q. Manganese-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Application in Central Nervous System Diseases. Front Neurol 2020; 11:143. [PMID: 32161572 PMCID: PMC7052353 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) relies on the strong paramagnetism of Mn2+. Mn2+ is a calcium ion analog and can enter excitable cells through voltage-gated calcium channels. Mn2+ can be transported along the axons of neurons via microtubule-based fast axonal transport. Based on these properties, MEMRI is used to describe neuroanatomical structures, monitor neural activity, and evaluate axonal transport rates. The application of MEMRI in preclinical animal models of central nervous system (CNS) diseases can provide more information for the study of disease mechanisms. In this article, we provide a brief review of MEMRI use in CNS diseases ranging from neurodegenerative diseases to brain injury and spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital & Cancer Center, Kunming, China
| | - Qinqing Li
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital & Cancer Center, Kunming, China
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Salva-Pastor N, Chávez-Tapia NC, Uribe M, Nuño-Lámbarri N. Understanding the association of polycystic ovary syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 194:105445. [PMID: 31381969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among reproductive-age women. Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) often suffer from metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, and extrahepatic tumors, conferring a lower survival than the general population; therefore it is crucial to study the association between NAFLD and PCOS since it remains poorly understood. Insulin resistance (IR) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and PCOS; also, hyperandrogenism enhances IR in these patients. IR, present in the NAFLD-PCOS association could decrease the hepatic production of sex hormone-binding globulin through a possible regulation mediated by hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha. On the other hand, apoptotic processes initiated by androgens actively contribute to the progression of NAFLD. Considering the association between the two conditions, the screening of women with PCOS for the presence of NAFLD appears reasonable. The pathophysiological mechanisms of PCOS-NAFLD association and the initial approach will be reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Salva-Pastor
- Traslational Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Puente de Piedra 150, Toriello Guerra Tlalpan, Z.C. 14050, Mexico City, Mexico; School of Medicine, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 13 Sur 2702, Los Volcanes, Z.C. 72420, Puebla, Mexico.
| | - Norberto C Chávez-Tapia
- Traslational Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Puente de Piedra 150, Toriello Guerra Tlalpan, Z.C. 14050, Mexico City, Mexico; Obesity and Digestive Diseases Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Puente de Piedra 150, Toriello Guerra Tlalpan, Z.C. 14050, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Misael Uribe
- Obesity and Digestive Diseases Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Puente de Piedra 150, Toriello Guerra Tlalpan, Z.C. 14050, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Natalia Nuño-Lámbarri
- Traslational Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Puente de Piedra 150, Toriello Guerra Tlalpan, Z.C. 14050, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Bosse KE, Ghoddoussi F, Eapen AT, Charlton JL, Susick LL, Desai K, Berkowitz BA, Perrine SA, Conti AC. Calcium/calmodulin-stimulated adenylyl cyclases 1 and 8 regulate reward-related brain activity and ethanol consumption. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 13:396-407. [PMID: 29594872 PMCID: PMC6202255 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9856-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests a predictive link between elevated basal activity within reward-related networks (e.g., cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic networks) and vulnerability for alcoholism. Both calcium channel function and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A-mediated signaling are critical modulators of reward neurocircuitry and reward-related behaviors. Calcium/calmodulin-stimulated adenylyl cyclases (AC) 1 and 8 are sensitive to activity-dependent increases in intracellular calcium and catalyze cAMP production. Therefore, we hypothesized AC1 and 8 regulate brain activity in reward regions of the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic circuit and that this regulatory influence predicts voluntary ethanol drinking responses. This hypothesis was evaluated by manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and chronic, intermittent ethanol access procedures. Ethanol-naïve mice with genetic deletion of both AC1 and 8 (DKO mice) exhibited bilateral reductions in baseline activity within cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic regions associated with reward processing compared to wild-type controls (WT, C57BL/6 mice). Significant activity changes were not evident in regions either outside of the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic network or within the network that are not associated with reward processing. Parallel studies demonstrated that reward network hypoactivity in DKO mice predicted a significant attenuation in consumption and preference levels to escalating ethanol concentrations (12, 20 and 30%) compared to WT mice, an effect that was maintained over extended access (14 sessions) to 20% ethanol. Summarizing, these data support a contribution of AC1 and 8 in cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic activity and the predictive value of this regulatory influence on ethanol drinking behavior, which merits the future evaluation of calcium-stimulated ACs in the neural processes that engender vulnerability to maladaptive alcohol drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Bosse
- Research & Development Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Farhad Ghoddoussi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ajay T Eapen
- Research & Development Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer L Charlton
- Research & Development Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Laura L Susick
- Research & Development Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kirt Desai
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Bruce A Berkowitz
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Shane A Perrine
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Alana C Conti
- Research & Development Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University, 4646 John R St., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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PKA regulates HMGB1 through activation of IGFBP-3 and SIRT1 in human retinal endothelial cells cultured in high glucose. Inflamm Res 2018; 67:1013-1019. [PMID: 30328477 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1196-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN Inflammation is a key component of a number of diseases, including diabetic retinopathy. We investigated the cellular pathway by which protein kinase A (PKA) inhibited high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). METHODS Primary human retinal endothelial cells (REC) were grown in normal glucose (5 mM) or high glucose (25 mM). Cells in high glucose were treated with exchange protein for cAMP 1 (Epac1) and IGFBP-3 siRNA. Additional cells in high glucose were treated with forskolin, a PKA agonist, and Epac1 siRNA. Some cells were treated with a plasmid for insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) that does not bind IGF-1. Finally, some REC received Ex527, a sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) antagonist, prior to forskolin treatment. Protein analyses were done for HMGB1, Epac1, IGFBP-3, SIRT1, and PKA. RESULTS PKA inhibited cytoplasmic HMGB1, independent of Epac1 actions. PKA activated IGFBP-3 and SIRT1 to inhibit cytoplasmic HMGB1. High glucose inhibited SIRT1 levels and increased cytoplasmic HMGB1 in REC. CONCLUSIONS PKA requires active IGFBP-3 and SIRT1 to inhibit HMGB1 inflammatory actions in the retina vasculature. Activation of these pathways may offer new targets for therapy development.
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The protective effect of formononetin on cognitive impairment in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1250-1257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Bhatwadekar AD, Duan Y, Korah M, Thinschmidt JS, Hu P, Leley SP, Caballero S, Shaw L, Busik J, Grant MB. Hematopoietic stem/progenitor involvement in retinal microvascular repair during diabetes: Implications for bone marrow rejuvenation. Vision Res 2017; 139:211-220. [PMID: 29042190 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The widespread nature of diabetes affects all organ systems of an individual including the bone marrow. Long-term damage to the cellular and extracellular components of the bone marrow leads to a rapid decline in the bone marrow-hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HS/PCs) compartment. This review will highlight the importance of bone marrow microenvironment in maintaining bone marrow HS/PC populations and the contribution of these key populations in microvascular repair during the natural history of diabetes. The autonomic nervous system can initiate and propagate bone marrow dysfunction in diabetes. Systemic pharmacological strategies designed to protect the bone marrow-HS/PC population from diabetes induced-oxidative stress and advanced glycation end product accumulation represent a new approach to target diabetic retinopathy progression. Protecting HS/PCs ensures their participation in vascular repair and reduces the risk of vasogdegeneration occurring in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashay D Bhatwadekar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Yaqian Duan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Maria Korah
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | | | - Ping Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sameer P Leley
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sergio Caballero
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lynn Shaw
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Julia Busik
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Maria B Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Zubcevic J, Santisteban MM, Perez PD, Arocha R, Hiller H, Malphurs WL, Colon-Perez LM, Sharma RK, de Kloet A, Krause EG, Febo M, Raizada MK. A Single Angiotensin II Hypertensive Stimulus Is Associated with Prolonged Neuronal and Immune System Activation in Wistar-Kyoto Rats. Front Physiol 2017; 8:592. [PMID: 28912720 PMCID: PMC5583219 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of autonomic neural pathways by chronic hypertensive stimuli plays a significant role in pathogenesis of hypertension. Here, we proposed that even a single acute hypertensive stimulus will activate neural and immune pathways that may be important in initiation of memory imprinting seen in chronic hypertension. We investigated the effects of acute angiotensin II (Ang II) administration on blood pressure, neural activation in cardioregulatory brain regions, and central and systemic immune responses, at 1 and 24 h post-injection. Administration of a single bolus intra-peritoneal (I.P.) injection of Ang II (36 μg/kg) resulted in a transient increase in the mean arterial pressure (MAP) (by 22 ± 4 mmHg vs saline), which returned to baseline within 1 h. However, in contrast to MAP, neuronal activity, as measured by manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance (MEMRI), remained elevated in several cardioregulatory brain regions over 24 h. The increase was predominant in autonomic regions, such as the subfornical organ (SFO; ~20%), paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN; ~20%) and rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM; ~900%), among others. Similarly, systemic and central immune responses, as evidenced by circulating levels of CD4+/IL17+ T cells, and increased IL17 levels and activation of microglia in the PVN, respectively, remained elevated at 24 h following Ang II challenge. Elevated Fos expression in the PVN was also present at 24 h (by 73 ± 11%) following Ang II compared to control saline injections, confirming persistent activation of PVN. Thus, even a single Ang II hypertensive stimulus will initiate changes in neuronal and immune cells that play a role in the developing hypertensive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasenka Zubcevic
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, United States
| | - Monica M Santisteban
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, United States
| | - Pablo D Perez
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, United States
| | - Rebeca Arocha
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, United States
| | - Helmut Hiller
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, United States
| | - Wendi L Malphurs
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, United States
| | - Luis M Colon-Perez
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, United States
| | - Ravindra K Sharma
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, United States
| | - Annette de Kloet
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, United States
| | - Eric G Krause
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, United States
| | - Marcelo Febo
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, United States
| | - Mohan K Raizada
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, United States
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