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Vandewouw MM, Sato J, Safar K, Rhodes N, Taylor MJ. The development of aperiodic and periodic resting-state power between early childhood and adulthood: New insights from optically pumped magnetometers. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 69:101433. [PMID: 39126820 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurophysiological signals, comprised of both periodic (e.g., oscillatory) and aperiodic (e.g., non-oscillatory) activity, undergo complex developmental changes between childhood and adulthood. With much of the existing literature primarily focused on the periodic features of brain function, our understanding of aperiodic signals is still in its infancy. Here, we are the first to examine age-related changes in periodic (peak frequency and power) and aperiodic (slope and offset) activity using optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs), a new, wearable magnetoencephalography (MEG) technology that is particularly well-suited for studying development. We examined age-related changes in these spectral features in a sample (N=65) of toddlers (1-3 years), children (4-5 years), young adults (20-26 years), and adults (27-38 years). Consistent with the extant literature, we found significant age-related decreases in the aperiodic slope and offset, and changes in peak frequency and power that were frequency-specific; we are the first to show that the effect sizes of these changes also varied across brain regions. This work not only adds to the growing body of work highlighting the advantages of using OPMs, especially for studying development, but also contributes novel information regarding the variation of neurophysiological changes with age across the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlee M Vandewouw
- Department of Diagnostic & Interventional Radiology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Autism Research Centre, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Julie Sato
- Department of Diagnostic & Interventional Radiology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kristina Safar
- Department of Diagnostic & Interventional Radiology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Natalie Rhodes
- Department of Diagnostic & Interventional Radiology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Margot J Taylor
- Department of Diagnostic & Interventional Radiology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Hasegawa C, Ikeda T, Yoshimura Y, Kumazaki H, Saito DN, Yaoi K, An K, Takahashi T, Hirata M, Asada M, Kikuchi M. Reduced gamma oscillation during visual processing of the mother's face in children with autism spectrum disorder: A pilot study. PCN REPORTS : PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES 2023; 2:e68. [PMID: 38868414 PMCID: PMC11114405 DOI: 10.1002/pcn5.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to investigate gamma oscillations related to face processing of children with autism spectrum disorders and typically developed children using magnetoencephalography. Methods We developed stimuli that included naturalistic real-time eye-gaze situations between participants and their mothers. Eighteen young children with autism spectrum disorders (62-97 months) and 24 typically developed children (61-79 months) were included. The magnetoencephalography data were analyzed in the bilateral banks of the superior temporal sulcus, fusiform gyrus, and pericalcarine cortex for frequency ranges 30-59 and 61-90 Hz. The gamma oscillation normalized values were calculated to compare the face condition (children gazing at mother's face) and control measurements (baseline) using the following formula: (face - control)/(face + control). Results The results revealed significant differences in gamma oscillation normalized values in the low gamma band (30-59 Hz) in the right banks of the superior temporal sulcus, right fusiform gyrus, and right pericalcarine cortex between children with autism spectrum disorders and typically developed children. Furthermore, there were significant differences in gamma oscillation normalized values in the high gamma band (61-90 Hz) in the right banks of the superior temporal sulcus, bilateral fusiform gyrus, and bilateral pericalcarine cortex between the groups. Conclusion This report is the first magnetoencephalography study revealing atypical face processing in young children with autism spectrum disorders using relevant stimuli between participants and their mothers. Our naturalistic paradigm provides a useful assessment of social communication traits and a valuable insight into the underlying neural mechanisms in children with autism spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Hasegawa
- Research Center for Child Mental DevelopmentKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceChiyoda‐kuTokyoJapan
- School of Psychological SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyAustralia
| | - Takashi Ikeda
- Research Center for Child Mental DevelopmentKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of MedicineChiba University, and University of FukuiOsaka/Kanazawa/Hamamatsu/Chiba/FukuiJapan
- University of FukuiFukuiJapan
| | - Yuko Yoshimura
- Research Center for Child Mental DevelopmentKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of MedicineChiba University, and University of FukuiOsaka/Kanazawa/Hamamatsu/Chiba/FukuiJapan
- Institute of Human and Social SciencesKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
| | - Hirokazu Kumazaki
- Department of Future Psychiatric Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasaki UniversityNagasakiJapan
| | - Daisuke N. Saito
- Research Center for Child Mental DevelopmentKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of MedicineChiba University, and University of FukuiOsaka/Kanazawa/Hamamatsu/Chiba/FukuiJapan
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of PsychologyYasuda Woman's UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Ken Yaoi
- Research Center for Child Mental DevelopmentKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of MedicineChiba University, and University of FukuiOsaka/Kanazawa/Hamamatsu/Chiba/FukuiJapan
| | - Kyung‐Min An
- Research Center for Child Mental DevelopmentKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of MedicineChiba University, and University of FukuiOsaka/Kanazawa/Hamamatsu/Chiba/FukuiJapan
- School of PsychologyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of PsychologyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Tetsuya Takahashi
- Research Center for Child Mental DevelopmentKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
- Uozu Shinkei SanatoriumUozuJapan
- Department of NeuropsychiatryUniversity of FukuiFukuiJapan
| | - Masayuki Hirata
- Department of Neurological Diagnosis and Restoration, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
- Department of Neurosurgery Osaka University Medical SchoolSuitaJapan
- Center for Information and Neural NetworksNational Institute of Information and Communications TechnologySuitaJapan
- Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Symbiotic Intelligent System Research CenterOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Minoru Asada
- Center for Information and Neural NetworksNational Institute of Information and Communications TechnologySuitaJapan
- Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Symbiotic Intelligent System Research CenterOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
- International Professional University of Technology in OsakaOsakaJapan
- Chubu University Academy of Emerging SciencesKasugaiJapan
| | - Mitsuru Kikuchi
- Research Center for Child Mental DevelopmentKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of MedicineChiba University, and University of FukuiOsaka/Kanazawa/Hamamatsu/Chiba/FukuiJapan
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurobiologyKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
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Chen Y, Allison O, Green HL, Kuschner ES, Liu S, Kim M, Slinger M, Mol K, Chiang T, Bloy L, Roberts TPL, Edgar JC. Maturational trajectory of fusiform gyrus neural activity when viewing faces: From 4 months to 4 years old. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:917851. [PMID: 36034116 PMCID: PMC9411513 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.917851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Infant and young child electrophysiology studies have provided information regarding the maturation of face-encoding neural processes. A limitation of previous research is that very few studies have examined face-encoding processes in children 12-48 months of age, a developmental period characterized by rapid changes in the ability to encode facial information. The present study sought to fill this gap in the literature via a longitudinal study examining the maturation of a primary node in the face-encoding network-the left and right fusiform gyrus (FFG). Whole-brain magnetoencephalography (MEG) data were obtained from 25 infants with typical development at 4-12 months, and with follow-up MEG exams every ∼12 months until 3-4 years old. Children were presented with color images of Face stimuli and visual noise images (matched on spatial frequency, color distribution, and outer contour) that served as Non-Face stimuli. Using distributed source modeling, left and right face-sensitive FFG evoked waveforms were obtained from each child at each visit, with face-sensitive activity identified via examining the difference between the Non-Face and Face FFG timecourses. Before 24 months of age (Visits 1 and 2) the face-sensitive FFG M290 response was the dominant response, observed in the left and right FFG ∼250-450 ms post-stimulus. By 3-4 years old (Visit 4), the left and right face-sensitive FFG response occurred at a latency consistent with a face-sensitive M170 response ∼100-250 ms post-stimulus. Face-sensitive left and right FFG peak latencies decreased as a function of age (with age explaining greater than 70% of the variance in face-sensitive FFG latency), and with an adult-like FFG latency observed at 3-4 years old. Study findings thus showed face-sensitive FFG maturational changes across the first 4 years of life. Whereas a face-sensitive M290 response was observed under 2 years of age, by 3-4 years old, an adult-like face-sensitive M170 response was observed bilaterally. Future studies evaluating the maturation of face-sensitive FFG activity in infants at risk for neurodevelopmental disorders are of interest, with the present findings suggesting age-specific face-sensitive neural markers of a priori interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Chen
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Olivia Allison
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Heather L. Green
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Emily S. Kuschner
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Song Liu
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mina Kim
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michelle Slinger
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kylie Mol
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Taylor Chiang
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Luke Bloy
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Timothy P. L. Roberts
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - J. Christopher Edgar
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Developmental Differences in Neuromagnetic Cortical Activation and Phase Synchrony Elicited by Scenes with Faces during Movie Watching. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0494-21.2022. [PMID: 35443990 PMCID: PMC9087730 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0494-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural underpinnings of humans’ ability to process faces and how it changes over typical development have been extensively studied using paradigms where face stimuli are oversimplified, isolated, and decontextualized. The prevalence of this approach, however, has resulted in limited knowledge of face processing in ecologically valid situations, in which faces are accompanied by contextual information at multiple time scales. In the present study, we use a naturalistic movie paradigm to investigate how neuromagnetic activation and phase synchronization elicited by faces from movie scenes in humans differ between children and adults. We used MEG data from 22 adults (6 females, 3 left handed; mean age, 27.7 ± 5.28 years) and 20 children (7 females, 1 left handed; mean age, 9.5 ± 1.52 years) collected during movie viewing. We investigated neuromagnetic time-locked activation and phase synchronization elicited by movie scenes containing faces in contrast to other movie scenes. Statistical differences between groups were tested using a multivariate data-driven approach. Our results revealed lower face-elicited activation and theta/alpha phase synchrony between 120 and 330 ms in children compared with adults. Reduced connectivity in children was observed between the primary visual areas as well as their connections with higher-order frontal and parietal cortical areas. This is the first study to map neuromagnetic developmental changes in face processing in a time-locked manner using a naturalistic movie paradigm. It supports and extends the existing evidence of core face-processing network maturation accompanied by the development of an extended system of higher-order cortical areas engaged in face processing.
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Ventura P, Guerreiro JC, Domingues M, Farinha-Fernandes A, Leite I. Children process faces holistically with the same efficiency as adults. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2021; 217:103309. [PMID: 33932857 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2021.103309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies had reported qualitatively identical holistic face processing (using the composite task) already in 6-year-olds. In the present study, we evaluated these processes quantitatively by evaluating whether children are less efficient in dealing with and encoding faces. Thus, in the present study we explored the time course of holistic processing in children and adults by manipulating stimulus presentation time. The study composite task was presented for 800 ms. The test composite face was presented either for 183 ms or 800 ms. Our youngest participants, 6-year-olds, process faces holistically with the same efficiency as typical adults.
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Johnson B, Jobst C, Al-Loos R, He W, Cheyne D. Individual differences in motor development during early childhood: An MEG study. Dev Sci 2020; 23:e12935. [PMID: 31869490 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, we reported the first measurements of pre-movement and sensorimotor cortex activity in preschool age children (ages 3-5 years) using a customized pediatric magnetoencephalographic system. Movement-related activity in the sensorimotor cortex differed from that typically observed in adults, suggesting that maturation of cortical motor networks was still incomplete by late preschool age. Here we compare these earlier results to a group of school age children (ages 6-8 years) including seven children from the original study measured again two years later, and a group of adults (mean age 31.1 years) performing the same task. Differences in movement-related brain activity were observed both longitudinally within children in which repeated measurements were made, and cross-sectionally between preschool age children, school age children, and adults. Movement-related mu (8-12 Hz) and beta (15-30 Hz) oscillations demonstrated linear increases in amplitude and mean frequency with age. In contrast, movement-evoked gamma synchronization demonstrated a step-like transition from low (30-50 Hz) to high (70-90 Hz) narrow-band oscillations, and this occurred at different ages in different children. Notably, pre-movement activity ('readiness fields') observed in adults was absent in even the oldest children. These are the first direct observations of brain activity accompanying motor responses throughout early childhood, confirming that maturation of this activity is still incomplete by mid-childhood. In addition, individual children demonstrated markedly different developmental trajectories in movement-related brain activity, suggesting that individual differences need to be taken into account when studying motor development across age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake Johnson
- Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cecilia Jobst
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rita Al-Loos
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wei He
- Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Douglas Cheyne
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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7
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Hartkopf J, Moser J, Schleger F, Preissl H, Keune J. Changes in event-related brain responses and habituation during child development - A systematic literature review. Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 130:2238-2254. [PMID: 31711004 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review highlights the influence of developmental changes of the central nervous system on habituation assessment during child development. Therefore, studies on age dependant changes in event-related brain responses as well as studies on behavioural and neurophysiological habituation during child development are compiled and discussed. METHODS Two PubMed searches with terms "(development evoked brain response (fetus OR neonate OR children) (electroencephalography OR magnetoencephalography))" and with terms "(psychology habituation (fetal OR neonate OR children) (human brain))" were performed to identify studies on developmental changes in event-related brain responses as well as habituation studies during child development. RESULTS Both search results showed a wide diversity of subjects' ages, stimulation protocols and examined behaviour or components of event-related brain responses as well as a demand for more longitudinal study designs. CONCLUSIONS A conclusive statement about clear developmental trends in event-related brain responses or in neurophysiological habituation studies is difficult to draw. Future studies should implement longitudinal designs, combination of behavioural and neurophysiological habituation measurement and more complex habituation paradigms to assess several habituation criteria. SIGNIFICANCE This review emphasizes that event-related brain responses underlie certain changes during child development which should be more considered in the context of neurophysiological habituation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hartkopf
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases/German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; fMEG-Center, University of Tuebingen, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 47, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Julia Moser
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases/German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; fMEG-Center, University of Tuebingen, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 47, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Franziska Schleger
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases/German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; fMEG-Center, University of Tuebingen, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 47, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Hubert Preissl
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases/German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; fMEG-Center, University of Tuebingen, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 47, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Jana Keune
- fMEG-Center, University of Tuebingen, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 47, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Neurology, Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, Hohe Warte 8, 95445 Bayreuth, Germany.
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Darke H, Cropper SJ, Carter O. A Novel Dynamic Morphed Stimuli Set to Assess Sensitivity to Identity and Emotion Attributes in Faces. Front Psychol 2019; 10:757. [PMID: 31024397 PMCID: PMC6465610 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Face-based tasks are used ubiquitously in the study of human perception and cognition. Video-based (dynamic) face stimuli are increasingly utilized by researchers because they have higher ecological validity than static images. However, there are few ready-to-use dynamic stimulus sets currently available to researchers that include non-emotional and non-face control stimuli. This paper outlines the development of three original dynamic stimulus sets: a set of emotional faces (fear and disgust), a set of non-emotional faces, and a set of car animations. Morphing software was employed to vary the intensity of the expression shown and to vary the similarity between actors. Manipulating these dimensions permits us to create tasks of varying difficulty that can be optimized to detect more subtle differences in face-processing ability. Using these new stimuli, two preliminary experiments were conducted to evaluate different aspects of facial identity recognition, emotion recognition, and non-face object discrimination. Results suggest that these five different tasks successfully avoided floor and ceiling effects in a healthy sample. A second experiment found that dynamic versions of the emotional stimuli were recognized more accurately than static versions, both for labeling, and discrimination paradigms. This indicates that, like previous emotion-only stimuli sets, the use of dynamic stimuli confers an advantage over image-based stimuli. These stimuli therefore provide a useful resource for researchers looking to investigate both emotional and non-emotional face-processing using dynamic stimuli. Moreover, these stimuli vary across crucial dimensions (i.e., face similarity and intensity of emotion) which allows researchers to modify task difficulty as required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Darke
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon J Cropper
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Olivia Carter
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Vasung L, Abaci Turk E, Ferradal SL, Sutin J, Stout JN, Ahtam B, Lin PY, Grant PE. Exploring early human brain development with structural and physiological neuroimaging. Neuroimage 2019; 187:226-254. [PMID: 30041061 PMCID: PMC6537870 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Early brain development, from the embryonic period to infancy, is characterized by rapid structural and functional changes. These changes can be studied using structural and physiological neuroimaging methods. In order to optimally acquire and accurately interpret this data, concepts from adult neuroimaging cannot be directly transferred. Instead, one must have a basic understanding of fetal and neonatal structural and physiological brain development, and the important modulators of this process. Here, we first review the major developmental milestones of transient cerebral structures and structural connectivity (axonal connectivity) followed by a summary of the contributions from ex vivo and in vivo MRI. Next, we discuss the basic biology of neuronal circuitry development (synaptic connectivity, i.e. ensemble of direct chemical and electrical connections between neurons), physiology of neurovascular coupling, baseline metabolic needs of the fetus and the infant, and functional connectivity (defined as statistical dependence of low-frequency spontaneous fluctuations seen with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)). The complementary roles of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) are discussed. We include a section on modulators of brain development where we focus on the placenta and emerging placental MRI approaches. In each section we discuss key technical limitations of the imaging modalities and some of the limitations arising due to the biology of the system. Although neuroimaging approaches have contributed significantly to our understanding of early brain development, there is much yet to be done and a dire need for technical innovations and scientific discoveries to realize the future potential of early fetal and infant interventions to avert long term disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Vasung
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Esra Abaci Turk
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Silvina L Ferradal
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Jason Sutin
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Jeffrey N Stout
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Banu Ahtam
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Pei-Yi Lin
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - P Ellen Grant
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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10
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He W, Johnson BW. Development of face recognition: Dynamic causal modelling of MEG data. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2018; 30:13-22. [PMID: 29197727 PMCID: PMC6969123 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophysiological studies of adults indicate that brain activity is enhanced during viewing of repeated faces, at a latency of about 250 ms after the onset of the face (M250/N250). The present study aimed to determine if this effect was also present in preschool-aged children, whose brain activity was measured in a custom-sized pediatric MEG system. The results showed that, unlike adults, face repetition did not show any significant modulation of M250 amplitude in children; however children's M250 latencies were significantly faster for repeated than non-repeated faces. Dynamic causal modelling (DCM) of the M250 in both age groups tested the effects of face repetition within the core face network including the occipital face area (OFA), the fusiform face area (FFA), and the superior temporal sulcus (STS). DCM revealed that repetition of identical faces altered both forward and backward connections in children and adults; however the modulations involved inputs to both FFA and OFA in adults but only to OFA in children. These findings suggest that the amplitude-insensitivity of the immature M250 may be due to a weaker connection between the FFA and lower visual areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia.
| | - Blake W Johnson
- Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia
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Romani M, Vigliante M, Faedda N, Rossetti S, Pezzuti L, Guidetti V, Cardona F. Face memory and face recognition in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 89:1-12. [PMID: 29604300 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on facial recognition abilities in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A systematic review, using PRISMA guidelines, was conducted to identify original articles published prior to May 2017 pertaining to memory, face recognition, affect recognition, facial expression recognition and recall of faces in children and adolescents with ADHD. The qualitative synthesis based on different studies shows a particular focus of the research on facial affect recognition without paying similar attention to the structural encoding of facial recognition. In this review, we further investigate facial recognition abilities in children and adolescents with ADHD, providing synthesis of the results observed in the literature, while detecting face recognition tasks used on face processing abilities in ADHD and identifying aspects not yet explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Romani
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Section of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza - University of Rome, Via dei Sabelli, 108 - 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Miriam Vigliante
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Section of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza - University of Rome, Via dei Sabelli, 108 - 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Noemi Faedda
- PhD program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Human Neuroscience, Section of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza - University of Rome, Via dei Sabelli, 108 - 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Serena Rossetti
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli, 108 - 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Lina Pezzuti
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli, 108 - 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Guidetti
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Section of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza - University of Rome, Via dei Sabelli, 108 - 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Cardona
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Section of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza - University of Rome, Via dei Sabelli, 108 - 00185, Rome, Italy.
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Word and object recognition during reading acquisition: MEG evidence. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2017; 24:21-32. [PMID: 28119183 PMCID: PMC5437840 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on adults suggest that reading-induced brain changes might not be limited to linguistic processes. It is still unclear whether these results can be generalized to reading development. The present study shows to which extent neural responses to verbal and nonverbal stimuli are reorganized while children learn to read. MEG data of thirty Basque children (4-8y) were collected while they were presented with written words, spoken words and visual objects. The evoked fields elicited by the experimental stimuli were compared to their scrambled counterparts. Visual words elicited left posterior (200-300ms) and temporal activations (400-800ms). The size of these effects increased as reading performance improved, suggesting a reorganization of children's visual word responses. Spoken words elicited greater left temporal responses relative to scrambles (300-700ms). No evidence for the influence of reading expertise was observed. Brain responses to objects were greater than to scrambles in bilateral posterior regions (200-500ms). There was a greater left hemisphere involvement as reading errors decreased, suggesting a strengthened verbal decoding of visual configurations with reading acquisition. The present results reveal that learning to read not only influences written word processing, but also affects visual object recognition, suggesting a non-language specific impact of reading on children's neural mechanisms.
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Tang H, Brock J, Johnson BW. Sound envelope processing in the developing human brain: A MEG study. Clin Neurophysiol 2016; 127:1206-1215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Oyama D, Adachi Y, Yumoto M, Hashimoto I, Uehara G. Dry phantom for magnetoencephalography —Configuration, calibration, and contribution. J Neurosci Methods 2015; 251:24-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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He W, Garrido MI, Sowman PF, Brock J, Johnson BW. Development of effective connectivity in the core network for face perception. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:2161-73. [PMID: 25704356 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study measured effective connectivity within the core face network in young children using a paediatric magnetoencephalograph (MEG). Dynamic casual modeling (DCM) of brain responses was performed in a group of adults (N = 14) and a group of young children aged from 3 to 6 years (N = 15). Three candidate DCM models were tested, and the fits of the MEG data to the three models were compared at both individual and group levels. The results show that the connectivity structure of the core face network differs significantly between adults and children. Further, the relative strengths of face network connections were differentially modulated by experimental conditions in the two groups. These results support the interpretation that the core face network undergoes significant structural configuration and functional specialization between four years of age and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
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