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Mingo-Moreno N, Truschow P, Staiger JF, Wagener RJ. Caudally pronounced deficiencies in preplate splitting and migration underly a rostro-caudal progression of cortical lamination defects in the reeler brain. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae023. [PMID: 38383722 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In mammalian neocortex development, every cohort of newborn neurons is guided toward the marginal zone, leading to an "inside-out" organization of the 6 neocortical layers. This migratory pattern is regulated by the extracellular glycoprotein Reelin. The reeler mouse shows a homozygous mutation of the reelin gene. Using RNA in situ hybridization we could demonstrate that the Reelin-deficient mouse cortex (male and female) displays an increasing lamination defect along the rostro-caudal axis that is characterized by strong cellular intermingling, but roughly reproduces the "inside-out" pattern in rostral cortex, while caudal cortex shows a relative inversion of neuronal positioning ("outside-in"). We found that in development of the reeler cortex, preplate-splitting is also defective with an increasing severity along the rostro-caudal axis. This leads to a misplacement of subplate neurons that are crucial for a switch in migration mode within the cortical plate. Using Flash Tag labeling and nucleoside analog pulse-chasing, we found an according migration defect within the cortical plate, again with a progressive severity along the rostro-caudal axis. Thus, loss of one key player in neocortical development leads to highly area-specific (caudally pronounced) developmental deficiencies that result in multiple roughly opposite rostral versus caudal adult neocortical phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Mingo-Moreno
- Institute for Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Göttingen 37073, Germany
| | - Pavel Truschow
- Institute for Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Jochen F Staiger
- Institute for Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Göttingen 37073, Germany
| | - Robin J Wagener
- Institute for Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
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2
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Luca M, Piglionica M, Bagnulo R, Cardaropoli S, Carli D, Turchiano A, Coppo P, Pantaleo A, Iacoviello M, Ferrero GB, Mussa A, Resta N. The somatic p.T81dup variant in AKT3 gene underlies a mild cerebral phenotype and expands the spectrum including capillary malformation and lateralized overgrowth. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2023; 62:703-709. [PMID: 37395289 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous germline or somatic variants in AKT3 gene can cause isolated malformations of cortical development (MCDs) such as focal cortical dysplasia, megalencephaly (MEG), Hemimegalencephaly (HME), dysplastic megalencephaly, and syndromic forms like megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-polydactyly-hydrocephalus syndrome, and megalencephaly-capillary malformation syndrome. This report describes a new case of HME and capillary malformation caused by a somatic AKT3 variant that differs from the common p.E17K variant described in literature. The patient's skin biopsy from the angiomatous region revealed an heterozygous likely pathogenic variant AKT3:c.241_243dup, p.(T81dup) that may affect the binding domain and downstream pathways. Compared to previously reported cases with a common E17K mosaic variant, the phenotype is milder and patients showed segmental overgrowth, an uncommon characteristic in AKT3 variant cases. These findings suggest that the severity of the disease may be influenced not only by the level of mosaicism but also by the type of variant. This report expands the phenotypic spectrum associated with AKT3 variants and highlights the importance of genomic analysis in patients with capillary malformation and MCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luca
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Marilidia Piglionica
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), Medical Genetics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Rosanna Bagnulo
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), Medical Genetics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Simona Cardaropoli
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Diana Carli
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Antonella Turchiano
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), Medical Genetics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Coppo
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Antonino Pantaleo
- National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Bari, Italy
| | - Matteo Iacoviello
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), Medical Genetics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Mussa
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Pediatric Clinical Genetics, Regina Margherita Children Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Resta
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), Medical Genetics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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Ma Z, Zeng Y, Wang M, Liu W, Zhou J, Wu C, Hou L, Yin B, Qiang B, Shu P, Peng X. N4BP1 mediates RAM domain-dependent notch signaling turnover during neocortical development. EMBO J 2023; 42:e113383. [PMID: 37807845 PMCID: PMC10646556 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022113383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling pathway activity, particularly fluctuations in the biologically active effector fragment NICD, is required for rapid and efficient dynamic regulation of proper fate decisions in stem cells. In this study, we identified NEDD4-binding protein 1 (N4BP1), which is highly expressed in the developing mouse cerebral cortex, as a negative modulator of Notch signaling dynamics in neural progenitor cells. Intriguingly, N4BP1 regulated NICD stability specifically after Notch1 S3 cleavage through ubiquitin-mediated degradation that depended on its RAM domain, not its PEST domain, as had been extensively and previously described. The CoCUN domain in N4BP1, particularly the "Phe-Pro" motif (862/863 amino acid), was indispensable for mediating NICD degradation. The Ring family E3 ligase Trim21 was, in contrast to other NEDD4 family members, required for N4BP1-regulated NICD degradation. Overexpression of N4BP1 in cortical neural progenitors promoted neural stem cell differentiation, whereas neural progenitor cells lacking N4BP1 were sensitized to Notch signaling, resulting in the maintenance of stem-like properties in neural progenitor cells and lower production of cortical neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Ma
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience CenterInstitute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yi Zeng
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience CenterInstitute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Present address:
Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education)The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience CenterInstitute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Present address:
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of OtolaryngologyBeijingChina
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience CenterInstitute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jiafeng Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience CenterInstitute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience CenterInstitute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Lin Hou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience CenterInstitute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Bin Yin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience CenterInstitute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Boqin Qiang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience CenterInstitute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Pengcheng Shu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience CenterInstitute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major DiseasesBeijingChina
- Chinese Institute for Brain ResearchBeijingChina
| | - Xiaozhong Peng
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience CenterInstitute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and MultimorbidityBeijingChina
- Institute of Laboratory Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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4
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Da Silva F, Niehrs C. Multimodal Wnt signalling in the mouse neocortex. Cells Dev 2023; 174:203838. [PMID: 37060946 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
The neocortex is the site of higher cognitive functions and its development is tightly regulated by cell signalling pathways. Wnt signalling is inexorably linked with neocortex development but its precise role remains unclear. Most studies demonstrate that Wnt/β-catenin regulates neural progenitor self-renewal but others suggest it can also promote differentiation. Wnt/STOP signalling is a novel branch of the Wnt pathway that stabilizes proteins during G2/M by inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)-mediated protein degradation. Recent data from Da Silva et al. (2021) demonstrate that Wnt/STOP is involved in neocortex development where, by stabilizing the neurogenic transcription factors Sox4 and Sox11, it promotes neural progenitor differentiation. The authors also show that Wnt/STOP regulates asymmetric cell division and cell cycle dynamics in apical and basal progenitors, respectively. This study reveals a division of labour in the Wnt signalling pathway by suggesting that Wnt/STOP is the primary driver of cortical neurogenesis while Wnt/β-catenin is mainly responsible for self-renewal. These results resolve a decades-old question on the role of Wnt signalling in cortical neural progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Da Silva
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christof Niehrs
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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5
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Cotellessa L, Marelli F, Duminuco P, Adamo M, Papadakis GE, Bartoloni L, Sato N, Lang-Muritano M, Troendle A, Dhillo WS, Morelli A, Guarnieri G, Pitteloud N, Persani L, Bonomi M, Giacobini P, Vezzoli V. Defective jagged-1 signaling affects GnRH development and contributes to congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. JCI Insight 2023; 8:161998. [PMID: 36729644 PMCID: PMC10077483 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.161998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In vertebrate species, fertility is controlled by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. GnRH cells arise outside the central nervous system, in the developing olfactory pit, and migrate along olfactory/vomeronasal/terminal nerve axons into the forebrain during embryonic development. Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) and Kallmann syndrome are rare genetic disorders characterized by infertility, and they are associated with defects in GnRH neuron migration and/or altered GnRH secretion and signaling. Here, we documented the expression of the jagged-1/Notch signaling pathway in GnRH neurons and along the GnRH neuron migratory route both in zebrafish embryos and in human fetuses. Genetic knockdown of the zebrafish ortholog of JAG1 (jag1b) resulted in altered GnRH migration and olfactory axonal projections to the olfactory bulbs. Next-generation sequencing was performed in 467 CHH unrelated probands, leading to the identification of heterozygous rare variants in JAG1. Functional in vitro validation of JAG1 mutants revealed that 7 out of the 9 studied variants exhibited reduced protein levels and altered subcellular localization. Together our data provide compelling evidence that Jag1/Notch signaling plays a prominent role in the development of GnRH neurons, and we propose that JAG1 insufficiency may contribute to the pathogenesis of CHH in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Cotellessa
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,University Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition UMR-S 1172, FHU 1000 days for health, Lille, France
| | - Federica Marelli
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Duminuco
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Adamo
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Georgios E Papadakis
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Bartoloni
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Naoko Sato
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariarosaria Lang-Muritano
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Amineh Troendle
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lindenhofspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Waljit S Dhillo
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Annamaria Morelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Guarnieri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Nelly Pitteloud
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luca Persani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Bonomi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Giacobini
- University Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition UMR-S 1172, FHU 1000 days for health, Lille, France
| | - Valeria Vezzoli
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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Regulatory role of melatonin in Notch1 signaling pathway in cerebral cortex of Aβ 1-42-induced Alzheimer's disease rat model. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:2463-2469. [PMID: 36602704 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soluble Amyloid-beta (Aβ) oligomers are thought to play a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is the most common age-associated neurodegenerative diseases with obvious neuropathological changes and functional decline in both cortical and subcortical regions. Melatonin is ubiquitously distributed and multifunctioning indoleamine. Accumulating studies support that melatonin is potential therapeutic molecule for AD through modulating a broad variety of signaling pathways. In recent years, Notch1 signaling pathway is been known involved in dynamic changes in the cellular architecture and function of adult brain, as well as associated with the pathophysiology of AD and other neurodegenerative disorders. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we performed real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry and western blotting analyses using the cerebral cortical tissues of Aβ1-42 oligomers-induced AD rats with or without melatonin treatment. Our results showed that soluble Aβ1-42 oligomers decreased the expression of the main components of Notch1 signaling pathway, Notch1, NICD and Hes1 in the cerebral cortex, and melatonin could restore the level of Notch1, NICD and Hes1. CONCLUSION This observation suggests that targeting of Notch1 signaling might be a promising therapeutic approach for AD and other age-associated neurodegenerative diseases, and melatonin might serve as a potential therapeutic agent for AD and other age-associated neurodegenerative diseases.
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Characterization by Gene Expression Analysis of Two Groups of Dopaminergic Cells Isolated from the Mouse Olfactory Bulb. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030367. [PMID: 36979058 PMCID: PMC10045757 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The olfactory bulb (OB) is one of two regions of the mammalian brain which undergo continuous neuronal replacement during adulthood. A significant fraction of the cells added in adulthood to the bulbar circuitry is constituted by dopaminergic (DA) neurons. We took advantage of a peculiar property of dopaminergic neurons in transgenic mice expressing eGFP under the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) promoter: while DA neurons located in the glomerular layer (GL) display full electrophysiological maturation, eGFP+ cells in the mitral layer (ML) show characteristics of immature cells. In addition, they also display a lower fluorescence intensity, possibly reflecting different degrees of maturation. To investigate whether this difference in maturation might be confirmed at the gene expression level, we used a fluorescence-activated cell sorting technique on enzymatically dissociated cells of the OB. The cells were divided into two groups based on their level of fluorescence, possibly corresponding to immature ML cells and fully mature DA neurons from the GL. Semiquantitative real-time PCR was performed to detect the level of expression of genes linked to the degree of maturation of DA neurons. We showed that indeed the cells expressing low eGFP fluorescence are immature neurons. Our method can be further used to explore the differences between these two groups of DA neurons.
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Modulation of Notch Signaling at Early Stages of Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Dopaminergic Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021429. [PMID: 36674941 PMCID: PMC9867149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Elaboration of protocols for differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to dopamine neurons is an important issue for development of cell replacement therapy for Parkinson's disease. A number of protocols have been already developed; however, their efficiency and specificity still can be improved. Investigating the role of signaling cascades, important for neurogenesis, can help to solve this problem and to provide a deeper understanding of their role in neuronal development. Notch signaling plays an essential role in development and maintenance of the central nervous system after birth. In our study, we analyzed the effect of Notch activation and inhibition at the early stages of differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells to dopaminergic neurons. We found that, during the first seven days of differentiation, the cells were not sensitive to the Notch inhibition. On the contrary, activation of Notch signaling during the same time period led to significant changes and was associated with an increase in expression of genes, specific for caudal parts of the brain, a decrease of expression of genes, specific for forebrain, as well as a decrease of expression of genes, important for the formation of axons and dendrites and microtubule stabilizing proteins.
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Son JH, Do H, Han J. Intragenic L1 Insertion: One Possibility of Brain Disorder. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091425. [PMID: 36143463 PMCID: PMC9505610 DOI: 10.3390/life12091425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Long interspersed nuclear element 1 (LINE1, L1) is a retrotransposon comprising ~17% of the human genome. A subset of L1s maintains the potential to mobilize and alter the genomic landscape, consequently contributing to the change in genome integrity and gene expression. L1 retrotransposition occurs in the human brain regardless of disease status. However, in the brain of patients with various brain diseases, the expression level and copy number of L1 are significantly increased. In this review, we briefly introduce the methodologies applied to measure L1 mobility and identify genomic loci where new insertion of L1 occurs in the brain. Then, we present a list of genes disrupted by L1 transposition in the genome of patients with brain disorders. Finally, we discuss the association between genes disrupted by L1 and relative brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hoon Son
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hyunsu Do
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jinju Han
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- BioMedical Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Correspondence:
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10
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Specific contribution of Reelin expressed by Cajal-Retzius cells or GABAergic interneurons to cortical lamination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2120079119. [PMID: 36067316 PMCID: PMC9477240 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2120079119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular protein Reelin, expressed by Cajal-Retzius (CR) cells at early stages of cortical development and at late stages by GABAergic interneurons, regulates radial migration and the "inside-out" pattern of positioning. Current models of Reelin functions in corticogenesis focus on early CR cell-derived Reelin in layer I. However, developmental disorders linked to Reelin deficits, such as schizophrenia and autism, are related to GABAergic interneuron-derived Reelin, although its role in migration has not been established. Here we selectively inactivated the Reln gene in CR cells or GABAergic interneurons. We show that CR cells have a major role in the inside-out order of migration, while CR and GABAergic cells sequentially cooperate to prevent invasion of cortical neurons into layer I. Furthermore, GABAergic cell-derived Reelin compensates some features of the reeler phenotype and is needed for the fine tuning of the layer-specific distribution of cortical neurons. In the hippocampus, the inactivation of Reelin in CR cells causes dramatic alterations in the dentate gyrus and mild defects in the hippocampus proper. These findings lead to a model in which both CR and GABAergic cell-derived Reelin cooperate to build the inside-out order of corticogenesis, which might provide a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders linked to abnormal migration and Reelin deficits.
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Schaaf ZA, Tat L, Cannizzaro N, Panoutsopoulos AA, Green R, Rülicke T, Hippenmeyer S, Zarbalis KS. WDFY3 mutation alters laminar position and morphology of cortical neurons. Mol Autism 2022; 13:27. [PMID: 35733184 PMCID: PMC9219247 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-022-00508-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proper cerebral cortical development depends on the tightly orchestrated migration of newly born neurons from the inner ventricular and subventricular zones to the outer cortical plate. Any disturbance in this process during prenatal stages may lead to neuronal migration disorders (NMDs), which can vary in extent from focal to global. Furthermore, NMDs show a substantial comorbidity with other neurodevelopmental disorders, notably autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Our previous work demonstrated focal neuronal migration defects in mice carrying loss-of-function alleles of the recognized autism risk gene WDFY3. However, the cellular origins of these defects in Wdfy3 mutant mice remain elusive and uncovering it will provide critical insight into WDFY3-dependent disease pathology. METHODS Here, in an effort to untangle the origins of NMDs in Wdfy3lacZ mice, we employed mosaic analysis with double markers (MADM). MADM technology enabled us to genetically distinctly track and phenotypically analyze mutant and wild-type cells concomitantly in vivo using immunofluorescent techniques. RESULTS We revealed a cell autonomous requirement of WDFY3 for accurate laminar positioning of cortical projection neurons and elimination of mispositioned cells during early postnatal life. In addition, we identified significant deviations in dendritic arborization, as well as synaptic density and morphology between wild type, heterozygous, and homozygous Wdfy3 mutant neurons in Wdfy3-MADM reporter mice at postnatal stages. LIMITATIONS While Wdfy3 mutant mice have provided valuable insight into prenatal aspects of ASD pathology that remain inaccessible to investigation in humans, like most animal models, they do not a perfectly replicate all aspects of human ASD biology. The lack of human data makes it indeterminate whether morphological deviations described here apply to ASD patients or some of the other neurodevelopmental conditions associated with WDFY3 mutation. CONCLUSIONS Our genetic approach revealed several cell autonomous requirements of WDFY3 in neuronal development that could underlie the pathogenic mechanisms of WDFY3-related neurodevelopmental conditions. The results are also consistent with findings in other ASD animal models and patients and suggest an important role for WDFY3 in regulating neuronal function and interconnectivity in postnatal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Schaaf
- University of California at Davis, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Lyvin Tat
- University of California at Davis, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Noemi Cannizzaro
- University of California at Davis, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Alexios A Panoutsopoulos
- Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
- University of California at Davis, Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Ralph Green
- University of California at Davis, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Hippenmeyer
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Konstantinos S Zarbalis
- University of California at Davis, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
- Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
- UC Davis MIND Institute, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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12
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Wang LL, Wan XY, Liu CQ, Zheng FM. NDR1 increases NOTCH1 signaling activity by impairing Fbw7 mediated NICD degradation to enhance breast cancer stem cell properties. Mol Med 2022; 28:49. [PMID: 35508987 PMCID: PMC9066784 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The existence of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) causes tumor relapses, metastasis and resistance to conventional therapy in breast cancer. NDR1 kinase, a component of the Hippo pathway, plays important roles in multiple biological processes. However, its role in cancer stem cells has not been explored. The purpose of this study was to investigate the roles of NDR1 in modulating BCSCs. METHODS The apoptosis was detected by Annexin V/Propidium Iodide staining and analyzed by flow cytometry. BCSCs were detected by CD24/44 or ALDEFLUOR staining and analyzed by flow cytometry. The proliferation ability of BCSCs was evaluated by sphere formation assay. The expression of interested proteins was detected by western blot analysis. The expression of HES-1 and c-MYC was detected by real-time PCR. Notch1 signaling activation was detected by luciferase reporter assay. Protein interaction was evaluated by immunoprecipitation. Protein degradation was evaluated by ubiquitination analysis. The clinical relevance of NDR1 was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier Plotter. RESULTS NDR1 regulates apoptosis and drug resistance in breast cancer cells. The upregulation of NDR1 increases CD24low/CD44high or ALDEFLUORhigh population and sphere-forming ability in SUM149 and MCF-7 cells, while downregulation of NDR1 induces opposite effects. NDR1 increased the expression of the Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD) and activated the transcription of its downstream target (HES-1 and c-MYC). Critically, both suppression of Notch pathway activation by DAPT treatment or downregulation of Notch1 expression by shRNA reverses NDR1 enhanced BCSC properties. Mechanically, NDR1 interactes with both NICD or Fbw7 in a kinase activity-independent manner. NDR1 reduces the proteolytic turnover of NICD by competing with Fbw7 for NICD binding, thereby leading to Notch pathway activation. Furthermore, NDR1 might function as a hub to modulate IL-6, TNF-α or Wnt3a induced activation of Notch1 signaling pathway and enrichment of breast cancer stem cells. Moreover, we find that the elevation of NDR1 expression predictes poor survival (OS, RFS, DMFS and PPS) in breast cancer. CONCLUSION Our study revealed a novel function of NDR1 in regulating BCSC properties by activating the Notch pathway. These data might provide a potential strategy for eradicating BCSC to overcome tumor relapses, metastasis and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology of The Eastern Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.58, Zhong Shan Er Lu, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Wan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou Panyu Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Qi Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei-Meng Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology of The Eastern Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.58, Zhong Shan Er Lu, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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13
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Reduced chromatin accessibility correlates with resistance to Notch activation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2210. [PMID: 35468895 PMCID: PMC9039071 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29834-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signalling pathway is a master regulator of cell fate transitions in development and disease. In the brain, Notch promotes neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation, regulates neuronal migration and maturation and can act as an oncogene or tumour suppressor. How NOTCH and its transcription factor RBPJ activate distinct gene regulatory networks in closely related cell types in vivo remains to be determined. Here we use Targeted DamID (TaDa), requiring only thousands of cells, to identify NOTCH and RBPJ binding in NSCs and their progeny in the mouse embryonic cerebral cortex in vivo. We find that NOTCH and RBPJ associate with a broad network of NSC genes. Repression of NSC-specific Notch target genes in intermediate progenitors and neurons correlates with decreased chromatin accessibility, suggesting that chromatin compaction may contribute to restricting NOTCH-mediated transactivation.
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14
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Temperature sensitivity of Notch signaling underlies species-specific developmental plasticity and robustness in amniote brains. Nat Commun 2022; 13:96. [PMID: 35013223 PMCID: PMC8748702 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27707-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambient temperature significantly affects developmental timing in animals. The temperature sensitivity of embryogenesis is generally believed to be a consequence of the thermal dependency of cellular metabolism. However, the adaptive molecular mechanisms that respond to variations in temperature remain unclear. Here, we report species-specific thermal sensitivity of Notch signaling in the developing amniote brain. Transient hypothermic conditions increase canonical Notch activity and reduce neurogenesis in chick neural progenitors. Increased biosynthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine, a major glycerophospholipid components of the plasma membrane, mediates hypothermia-induced Notch activation. Furthermore, the species-specific thermal dependency of Notch signaling is associated with developmental robustness to altered Notch signaling. Our results reveal unique regulatory mechanisms for temperature-dependent neurogenic potentials that underlie developmental and evolutionary adaptations to a range of ambient temperatures in amniotes. Ambient temperature significantly affects embryogenesis, but adaptive molecular mechanisms that respond to temperature remain unclear. Here, the authors identified species-specific thermal sensitivity of Notch signaling in developing amniote brains.
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15
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Ayanlaja AA, Hong X, Cheng B, Zhou H, Kanwore K, Alphayo-Kambey P, Zhang L, Tang C, Adeyanju MM, Gao D. Susceptibility of cytoskeletal-associated proteins for tumor progression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 79:13. [PMID: 34964908 PMCID: PMC11072373 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04101-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The traditional functions of cytoskeletal-associated proteins (CAPs) in line with polymerization and stabilization of the cytoskeleton have evolved and are currently underrated in oncology. Although therapeutic drugs have been developed to target the cytoskeletal components directly in cancer treatment, several recently established therapeutic agents designed for new targets block the proliferation of cancer cells and suppress resistance to existing target agents. It would seem like these targets only work toward inhibiting the polymerization of cytoskeletal components or hindering mitotic spindle formation in cancer cells, but a large body of literature points to CAPs and their culpability in cell signaling, molecular conformation, organelle trafficking, cellular metabolism, and genomic modifications. Here, we review those underappreciated functions of CAPs, and we delineate the implications of cellular signaling instigated by evasive properties induced by aberrant expression of CAPs in response to stress or failure to exert normal functions. We present an analogy establishing CAPs as vulnerable targets for cancer systems and credible oncotargets. This review establishes a paradigm in which the cancer machinery may commandeer the conventional functions of CAPs for survival, drug resistance, and energy generation; an interesting feature overdue for attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiola Abdulrahman Ayanlaja
- Public Experimental Laboratory, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 201 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Xiaoliang Hong
- Public Experimental Laboratory, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- The Affiliated Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Public Experimental Laboratory, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kouminin Kanwore
- Public Experimental Laboratory, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Piniel Alphayo-Kambey
- Public Experimental Laboratory, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Public Experimental Laboratory, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuanxi Tang
- Public Experimental Laboratory, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Dianshuai Gao
- Public Experimental Laboratory, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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16
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Sokpor G, Kerimoglu C, Nguyen H, Pham L, Rosenbusch J, Wagener R, Nguyen HP, Fischer A, Staiger JF, Tuoc T. Loss of BAF Complex in Developing Cortex Perturbs Radial Neuronal Migration in a WNT Signaling-Dependent Manner. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:687581. [PMID: 34220450 PMCID: PMC8243374 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.687581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Radial neuronal migration is a key neurodevelopmental event indispensable for proper cortical laminar organization. Cortical neurons mainly use glial fiber guides, cell adhesion dynamics, and cytoskeletal remodeling, among other discrete processes, to radially trek from their birthplace to final layer positions. Dysregulated radial migration can engender cortical mis-lamination, leading to neurodevelopmental disorders. Epigenetic factors, including chromatin remodelers have emerged as formidable regulators of corticogenesis. Notably, the chromatin remodeler BAF complex has been shown to regulate several aspects of cortical histogenesis. Nonetheless, our understanding of how BAF complex regulates neuronal migration is limited. Here, we report that BAF complex is required for neuron migration during cortical development. Ablation of BAF complex in the developing mouse cortex caused alteration in the cortical gene expression program, leading to loss of radial migration-related factors critical for proper cortical layer formation. Of note, BAF complex inactivation in cortex caused defective neuronal polarization resulting in diminished multipolar-to-bipolar transition and eventual disruption of radial migration of cortical neurons. The abnormal radial migration and cortical mis-lamination can be partly rescued by downregulating WNT signaling hyperactivity in the BAF complex mutant cortex. By implication, the BAF complex modulates WNT signaling to establish the gene expression program required for glial fiber-dependent neuronal migration, and cortical lamination. Overall, BAF complex has been identified to be crucial for cortical morphogenesis through instructing multiple aspects of radial neuronal migration in a WNT signaling-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godwin Sokpor
- Institute for Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Cemil Kerimoglu
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Huong Nguyen
- Institute for Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Faculty of Biotechnology, Thai Nguyen University of Sciences, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - Linh Pham
- Institute for Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Joachim Rosenbusch
- Institute for Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robin Wagener
- Institute for Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Neurooncology Clinical Cooperation Unit, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Huu Phuc Nguyen
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andre Fischer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany.,Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jochen F Staiger
- Institute for Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tran Tuoc
- Institute for Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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17
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Iansante V, Brooks A, Coney L. Considerations in the Design of Non-Clinical Development Programmes to Support Non-Viral Genetically Modified Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapies. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060823. [PMID: 34199356 PMCID: PMC8228211 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their immune suppressive pharmacology, regenerative capacity, and immune privileged status, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are an attractive cell type to treat a variety of diseases. Genetically engineered MSCs are currently in non-clinical and clinical development for a wide range of applications including the delivery of pro-drugs and therapeutic proteins or modified to enhance their regenerative potential. Unmodified MSCs have been shown to have good safety profiles in clinical development. The introduction of exogenous transgenes introduces possible additional risks that need to be assessed in non-clinical studies prior to initiating clinical studies. The use of ex vivo non-viral genetic modification approaches potentially reduces the risks associated with viral vector transfection approaches, including the potential for cell transformation. This review provides an overview of the regulatory-compliant non-clinical proof-of-concept and safety studies required to take MSC-based gene therapy products from the bench to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lee Coney
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)-203-728-9500
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18
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Dlugosz P, Teufl M, Schwab M, Kohl KE, Nimpf J. Disabled 1 Is Part of a Signaling Pathway Activated by Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1745. [PMID: 33572344 PMCID: PMC7916142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Disabled 1 (Dab1) is an adapter protein for very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) and apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2) and an integral component of the Reelin pathway which orchestrates neuronal layering during embryonic brain development. Activation of Dab1 is induced by binding of Reelin to ApoER2 and VLDLR and phosphorylation of Dab1 mediated by Src family kinases. Here we show that Dab1 also acts as an adaptor for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and can be phosphorylated by epidermal growth factor (EGF) binding to EGFR. Phosphorylation of Dab1 depends on the kinase activity of EGFR constituting a signal pathway independent of Reelin and its receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Johannes Nimpf
- Max Perutz Laboratories, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria; (P.D.); (M.T.); (M.S.); (K.E.K.)
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19
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CASK regulates Notch pathway and functions as a tumor promoter in pancreatic cancer. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 701:108789. [PMID: 33548214 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase (CASK), a member of membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) super-family, is implicated in regulating cell proliferation, cytoskeletal remodeling, and cell metastasis. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of CASK on the malignant behaviors of pancreatic cancer cells and to determine the signaling pathway involved. CASK expression in pancreatic cancer tissues based on the TCGA database was analyzed using GEPIA online tool. The overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with pancreatic cancer based on CASK expression was also analyzed using GEPIA. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was used to show the association of 1522 CASK-related genes and signaling pathways. The expression of CASK, Notch1 and Hey1 was detected by Western blot. Cell proliferation, colony number, invasion, and apoptosis were detected by CCK-8, colony formation assay, Transwell invasion assay, and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. Results showed that CASK was upregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues and cells. Pancreatic cancer patients with high CASK expression showed shorter OS and DFS than patients with low CASK expression. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis proved that CASK and 1522 CASK-associated genes were primarily associated with the Notch pathway. CASK silencing inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation ability, and invasion and elicited apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Additionally, we confirmed that CASK silencing inhibited the Notch pathway in pancreatic cancer cells. Overexpression of Notch1 resisted the anti-tumor functions of CASK knockdown in pancreatic cancer cells. In conclusion, CASK knockdown suppressed the malignant behaviors of pancreatic cancer cells by inactivating the Notch pathway.
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20
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Wang X, Li Z, Zhu Y, Yan J, Liu H, Huang G, Li W. Maternal folic acid impacts DNA methylation profile in male rat offspring implicated in neurodevelopment and learning/memory abilities. GENES AND NUTRITION 2021; 16:1. [PMID: 33430764 PMCID: PMC7802276 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-020-00681-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Periconceptional folic acid (FA) supplementation not only reduces the incidence of neural tube defects, but also improves cognitive performances in offspring. However, the genes or pathways that are epigenetically regulated by FA in neurodevelopment were rarely reported. Methods To elucidate the underlying mechanism, the effect of FA on the methylation profiles in brain tissue of male rat offspring was assessed by methylated DNA immunoprecipitation chip. Differentially methylated genes (DMGs) and gene network analysis were identified using DAVID and KEGG pathway analysis. Results Compared with the folate-normal diet group, 1939 DMGs were identified in the folate-deficient diet group, and 1498 DMGs were identified in the folate-supplemented diet group, among which 298 DMGs were overlapped. The pathways associated with neurodevelopment and learning/memory abilities were differentially methylated in response to maternal FA intake during pregnancy, and there were some identical and distinctive potential mechanisms under FA deficiency or FA-supplemented conditions. Conclusions In conclusion, genes and pathways associated with neurodevelopment and learning/memory abilities were differentially methylated in male rat offspring in response to maternal FA deficiency or supplementation during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Zhenshu Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Department of Social Medicine and Health Administration, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Guowei Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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21
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Valle-Bautista R, Márquez-Valadez B, Fragoso-Cabrera AD, García-López G, Díaz NF, Herrera-López G, Griego E, Galván EJ, Arias-Montaño JA, Molina-Hernández A. Impaired Cortical Cytoarchitecture and Reduced Excitability of Deep-Layer Neurons in the Offspring of Diabetic Rats. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:564561. [PMID: 33042999 PMCID: PMC7527606 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.564561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal diabetes has been related to low verbal task scores, impaired fine and gross motor skills, and poor performance in graphic and visuospatial tasks during childhood. The primary motor cortex is important for controlling motor functions, and embryos exposed to high glucose show changes in cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation during corticogenesis. However, the existing studies do not discriminate between embryos with or without neural tube defects, making it difficult to conclude whether the reported changes are related to neural tube defects or other anomalies. Furthermore, postnatal effects on central nervous system cytoarchitecture and function have been scarcely addressed. Through molecular, biochemical, morphological, and electrophysiological approaches, we provide evidence of impaired primary motor cerebral cortex lamination and neuronal function in pups from diabetic rats, showing an altered distribution of SATB2, FOXP2, and TBR1, impaired cell migration and polarity, and decreased excitability of deep-layer cortical neurons, suggesting abnormalities in cortico-cortical and extra-cortical innervation. Furthermore, phase-plot analysis of action potentials suggests changes in the activity of potassium channels. These results indicate that high-glucose insult during development promotes complex changes in migration, neurogenesis, cell polarity establishment, and dendritic arborization, which in turn lead to reduced excitability of deep-layer cortical neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Valle-Bautista
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Investigación en Células Troncales y Biología del Desarrollo, Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Subdirección de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Berenice Márquez-Valadez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Células Troncales y Biología del Desarrollo, Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Subdirección de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - América D Fragoso-Cabrera
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Células Troncales y Biología del Desarrollo, Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Subdirección de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe García-López
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Células Troncales y Biología del Desarrollo, Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Subdirección de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Néstor Fabián Díaz
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Células Troncales y Biología del Desarrollo, Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Subdirección de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Herrera-López
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Griego
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Emilio J Galván
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José-Antonio Arias-Montaño
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Anayansi Molina-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Células Troncales y Biología del Desarrollo, Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Subdirección de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City, Mexico
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22
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The Secreted Glycoprotein Reelin Suppresses the Proliferation and Regulates the Distribution of Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells in the Embryonic Neocortex. J Neurosci 2020; 40:7625-7636. [PMID: 32913108 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0125-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte (OL) progenitor cells (OPCs) are generated, proliferate, migrate, and differentiate in the developing brain. Although the development of OPCs is prerequisite for normal brain function, the molecular mechanisms regulating their development in the neocortex are not fully understood. Several molecules regulate the tangential distribution of OPCs in the developing neocortex, but the cue molecule(s) that regulate their radial distribution remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the secreted glycoprotein Reelin suppresses the proliferation of OPCs and acts as a repellent for their migration in vitro These functions rely on the binding of Reelin to its receptors and on the signal transduction involving the intracellular protein Dab1. In the late embryonic neocortex of mice with attenuated Reelin signaling [i.e., Reelin heterozygote-deficient, Dab1 heterozygote-deficient mutant, or very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR)-deficient mice], the number of OPCs increased and their distribution shifted toward the superficial layers. In contrast, the number of OPCs decreased and they tended to distribute in the deep layers in the neocortex of mice with abrogated inactivation of Reelin by proteolytic cleavage, namely a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motifs 3 (ADAMTS-3)-deficient mice and cleavage-resistant Reelin knock-in mice. Both male and female animals were used. These data indicate that Reelin-Dab1 signaling regulates the proliferation and radial distribution of OPCs in the late embryonic neocortex and that the regulation of Reelin function by its specific proteolysis is required for the normal development of OPCs.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Here, we report that Reelin-Dab1 signaling regulates the proliferation and radial distribution of OPCs in the late embryonic mouse neocortex. Oligodendrocyte (OL) progenitor cells (OPCs) express Reelin signaling molecules and respond to Reelin stimulation. Reelin-Dab1 signaling suppresses the proliferation of OPCs both in vitro and in vivo Reelin repels OPCs in vitro, and the radial distribution of OPCs is altered in mice with either attenuated or augmented Reelin-Dab1 signaling. This is the first report identifying the secreted molecule that plays a role in the radial distribution of OPCs in the late embryonic neocortex. Our results also show that the regulation of Reelin function by its specific proteolysis is important for the normal development of OPCs.
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23
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Son AI, Mohammad S, Sasaki T, Ishii S, Yamashita S, Hashimoto-Torii K, Torii M. Dual Role of Rbpj in the Maintenance of Neural Progenitor Cells and Neuronal Migration in Cortical Development. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:6444-6457. [PMID: 32780108 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the cerebral cortex is directed by a series of methodically precise events, including progenitor cell proliferation, neural differentiation, and cell positioning. Over the past decade, many studies have demonstrated the critical contributions of Notch signaling in neurogenesis, including that in the developing telencephalon. However, in vivo evidence for the role of Notch signaling in cortical development still remains limited partly due to the redundant functions of four mammalian Notch paralogues and embryonic lethality of the knockout mice. Here, we utilized the conditional deletion and in vivo gene manipulation of Rbpj, a transcription factor that mediates signaling by all four Notch receptors, to overcome these challenges and examined the specific roles of Rbpj in cortical development. We report severe structural abnormalities in the embryonic and postnatal cerebral cortex in Rbpj conditional knockout mice, which provide strong in vivo corroboration of previously reported functions of Notch signaling in neural development. Our results also provide evidence for a novel dual role of Rbpj in cell type-specific regulation of two key developmental events in the cerebral cortex: the maintenance of the undifferentiated state of neural progenitor cells, and the radial and tangential allocation of neurons, possibly through stage-dependent differential regulation of Ngn1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I Son
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Shahid Mohammad
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Toru Sasaki
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Seiji Ishii
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Kazue Hashimoto-Torii
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Masaaki Torii
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
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24
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Erarslan-Uysal B, Kunz JB, Rausch T, Richter-Pechańska P, van Belzen IA, Frismantas V, Bornhauser B, Ordoñez-Rueada D, Paulsen M, Benes V, Stanulla M, Schrappe M, Cario G, Escherich G, Bakharevich K, Kirschner-Schwabe R, Eckert C, Loukanov T, Gorenflo M, Waszak SM, Bourquin JP, Muckenthaler MU, Korbel JO, Kulozik AE. Chromatin accessibility landscape of pediatric T-lymphoblastic leukemia and human T-cell precursors. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e12104. [PMID: 32755029 PMCID: PMC7507092 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed at identifying the developmental stage at which leukemic cells of pediatric T-ALLs are arrested and at defining leukemogenic mechanisms based on ATAC-Seq. Chromatin accessibility maps of seven developmental stages of human healthy T cells revealed progressive chromatin condensation during T-cell maturation. Developmental stages were distinguished by 2,823 signature chromatin regions with 95% accuracy. Open chromatin surrounding SAE1 was identified to best distinguish thymic developmental stages suggesting a potential role of SUMOylation in T-cell development. Deconvolution using signature regions revealed that T-ALLs, including those with mature immunophenotypes, resemble the most immature populations, which was confirmed by TF-binding motif profiles. We integrated ATAC-Seq and RNA-Seq and found DAB1, a gene not related to leukemia previously, to be overexpressed, abnormally spliced and hyper-accessible in T-ALLs. DAB1-negative patients formed a distinct subgroup with particularly immature chromatin profiles and hyper-accessible binding sites for SPI1 (PU.1), a TF crucial for normal T-cell maturation. In conclusion, our analyses of chromatin accessibility and TF-binding motifs showed that pediatric T-ALL cells are most similar to immature thymic precursors, indicating an early developmental arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Büşra Erarslan-Uysal
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim B Kunz
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Rausch
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany.,Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany.,Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paulina Richter-Pechańska
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ianthe Aem van Belzen
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Viktoras Frismantas
- Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beat Bornhauser
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, University Children's Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Diana Ordoñez-Rueada
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Malte Paulsen
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Benes
- Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Stanulla
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Schrappe
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gunnar Cario
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gabriele Escherich
- Clinic of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kseniya Bakharevich
- Clinic of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Renate Kirschner-Schwabe
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Eckert
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tsvetomir Loukanov
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Gorenflo
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian M Waszak
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jean-Pierre Bourquin
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, University Children's Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martina U Muckenthaler
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan O Korbel
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany.,Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas E Kulozik
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
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25
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Salazar JL, Yang SA, Yamamoto S. Post-Developmental Roles of Notch Signaling in the Nervous System. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10070985. [PMID: 32630239 PMCID: PMC7408554 DOI: 10.3390/biom10070985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery in Drosophila, the Notch signaling pathway has been studied in numerous developmental contexts in diverse multicellular organisms. The role of Notch signaling in nervous system development has been extensively investigated by numerous scientists, partially because many of the core Notch signaling components were initially identified through their dramatic ‘neurogenic’ phenotype of developing fruit fly embryos. Components of the Notch signaling pathway continue to be expressed in mature neurons and glia cells, which is suggestive of a role in the post-developmental nervous system. The Notch pathway has been, so far, implicated in learning and memory, social behavior, addiction, and other complex behaviors using genetic model organisms including Drosophila and mice. Additionally, Notch signaling has been shown to play a modulatory role in several neurodegenerative disease model animals and in mediating neural toxicity of several environmental factors. In this paper, we summarize the knowledge pertaining to the post-developmental roles of Notch signaling in the nervous system with a focus on discoveries made using the fruit fly as a model system as well as relevant studies in C elegans, mouse, rat, and cellular models. Since components of this pathway have been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders in human, understanding the role of Notch signaling in the mature brain using model organisms will likely provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L. Salazar
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.L.S.); (S.-A.Y.)
| | - Sheng-An Yang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.L.S.); (S.-A.Y.)
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.L.S.); (S.-A.Y.)
- Department of Neuroscience, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Program in Developmental Biology, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Development, Disease Models & Therapeutics Graduate Program, BCM, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-832-824-8119
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26
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Jossin Y. Reelin Functions, Mechanisms of Action and Signaling Pathways During Brain Development and Maturation. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060964. [PMID: 32604886 PMCID: PMC7355739 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development and adulthood, Reelin exerts several important functions in the brain including the regulation of neuronal migration, dendritic growth and branching, dendritic spine formation, synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity. As a consequence, the Reelin signaling pathway has been associated with several human brain disorders such as lissencephaly, autism, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, mental retardation, Alzheimer’s disease and epilepsy. Several elements of the signaling pathway are known. Core components, such as the Reelin receptors very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) and Apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2), Src family kinases Src and Fyn, and the intracellular adaptor Disabled-1 (Dab1), are common to most but not all Reelin functions. Other downstream effectors are, on the other hand, more specific to defined tasks. Reelin is a large extracellular protein, and some aspects of the signal are regulated by its processing into smaller fragments. Rather than being inhibitory, the processing at two major sites seems to be fulfilling important physiological functions. In this review, I describe the various cellular events regulated by Reelin and attempt to explain the current knowledge on the mechanisms of action. After discussing the shared and distinct elements of the Reelin signaling pathway involved in neuronal migration, dendritic growth, spine development and synaptic plasticity, I briefly outline the data revealing the importance of Reelin in human brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Jossin
- Laboratory of Mammalian Development & Cell Biology, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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27
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Moore R, Alexandre P. Delta-Notch Signaling: The Long and The Short of a Neuron's Influence on Progenitor Fates. J Dev Biol 2020; 8:jdb8020008. [PMID: 32225077 PMCID: PMC7345741 DOI: 10.3390/jdb8020008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of the neural progenitor pool during embryonic development is essential to promote growth of the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS is initially formed by tightly compacted proliferative neuroepithelial cells that later acquire radial glial characteristics and continue to divide at the ventricular (apical) and pial (basal) surface of the neuroepithelium to generate neurons. While neural progenitors such as neuroepithelial cells and apical radial glia form strong connections with their neighbours at the apical and basal surfaces of the neuroepithelium, neurons usually form the mantle layer at the basal surface. This review will discuss the existing evidence that supports a role for neurons, from early stages of differentiation, in promoting progenitor cell fates in the vertebrates CNS, maintaining tissue homeostasis and regulating spatiotemporal patterning of neuronal differentiation through Delta-Notch signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Moore
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (P.A.)
| | - Paula Alexandre
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (P.A.)
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28
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Mohammad S, Page SJ, Wang L, Ishii S, Li P, Sasaki T, Basha A, Salzberg A, Quezado Z, Imamura F, Nishi H, Isaka K, Corbin JG, Liu JS, Kawasawa YI, Torii M, Hashimoto-Torii K. Kcnn2 blockade reverses learning deficits in a mouse model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Nat Neurosci 2020; 23:533-543. [PMID: 32203497 PMCID: PMC7131887 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-0592-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Learning disabilities are hallmarks of congenital conditions caused by prenatal exposure to harmful agents. Those include Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) with a wide range of cognitive deficiencies including impaired motor skill development. While these effects have been well characterized, the molecular effects that bring about these behavioral consequences remain to be determined. We have previously found that the acute molecular responses to alcohol in the embryonic brain are stochastic, varying among neural progenitor cells. However, the pathophysiological consequences stemming from these heterogeneous responses remain unknown. Here we show that acute responses to alcohol in progenitor cells alter gene expression in their descendant neurons. Among the altered genes, an increase of the calcium-activated potassium channel Kcnn2 in the motor cortex correlates with motor learning deficits in the mouse model of FASD. Pharmacologic blockade of Kcnn2 improves these learning deficits, suggesting Kcnn2 blockers as a novel intervention for learning disabilities in FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Mohammad
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Stephen J Page
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Seiji Ishii
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Peijun Li
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai, Wenzhou, China
| | - Toru Sasaki
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aiesha Basha
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Anna Salzberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Zenaide Quezado
- The Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Division of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Fumiaki Imamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Hirotaka Nishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Isaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Joshua G Corbin
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Judy S Liu
- Department of Neurology, Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Yuka Imamura Kawasawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Masaaki Torii
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Kazue Hashimoto-Torii
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
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29
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Xiang B, Yang J, Zhang J, Yu M, Huang C, He W, Lei W, Chen J, Liu K. The role of genes affected by human evolution marker GNA13 in schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 98:109764. [PMID: 31676466 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Numerous variants associated with increased risk for SCZ have undergone positive selection and were associated with human brain development, but which brain regions and developmental stages were influenced by the positive selection for SCZ risk alleles are unclear. We analyzed SCZ using summary statistics from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC). Machine-learning scores were used to investigate two natural-selection scenarios: complete selection (loci where a selected allele has reached fixation) and incomplete selection (loci where a selected allele has not yet reached fixation). Based on the p value of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with selection scores in the top 5%, we formed five subgroups: p < 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.05, or 0.1. We found that 48 and 29 genes (p < 0.0001) in complete and incomplete selection, respectively, were enrichedfor the transcriptionalco-expressionprofilein theprenatal dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DFC), inferior parietal cortex (IPC), and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VFC). Core genes (GNA13, TBC1D19, and ZMYM4) involved in regulating early brain development were identified in these three brain regions. RNA sequencing for primary cortical neurons that were transfected Gna13 overexpressed lentivirus demonstrated that 135 gene expression levels changed in the Gna13 overexpressed groups compared with the controls. Gene-set analysis identified important associations among common variants of these 13 genes, which were associated with neurodevelopment and putamen volume [p = 0.031; family-wise error correction (FWEC)], SCZ (p = 0.022; FWEC). The study indicate that certain SCZ risk alleles were likely to undergo positive selection during human evolution due to their involvement in the development of prenatal DFC, IPC and VFC, and suggest that SCZ is related to abnormal neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Juanjuan Yang
- Department of cell Biology, School of Biology and Basic Medical, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Minglan Yu
- Medical Laboratory Center, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chaohua Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wenying He
- Department of Psychiatry, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Psychiatry, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Kezhi Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China.
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30
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Blackwood CA, Bailetti A, Nandi S, Gridley T, Hébert JM. Notch Dosage : Jagged1 Haploinsufficiency Is Associated With Reduced Neuronal Division and Disruption of Periglomerular Interneurons in Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:113. [PMID: 32161758 PMCID: PMC7054221 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells in the lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE) generate progenitors that migrate through the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to repopulate olfactory bulb (OB) interneurons, but the regulation of this process is poorly defined. The evolutionarily conserved Notch pathway is essential for neural development and maintenance of neural stem cells. Jagged1, a Notch ligand, is required for stem cell maintenance. In humans, heterozygous mutations in JAGGED1 cause Alagille syndrome, a genetic disorder characterized by complications such as cognitive impairment and reduced number of bile ducts in the liver, suggesting the presence of a JAGGED1 haploinsufficient phenotype. Here, we examine the role of Jagged1 using a conditional loss-of-function allele in the nervous system. We show that heterozygous Jagged1 mice possess a haploinsufficient phenotype that is associated with a reduction in size of the LGE, a reduced proliferative state, and fewer progenitor cells in the LGE and RMS. Moreover, loss of Jagged1 leads to deficits in periglomerular interneurons in the OB. Our results support a dose-dependent role for Jagged1 in maintaining progenitor division within the LGE and RMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Blackwood
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Departments of Neuroscience and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alessandro Bailetti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Sayan Nandi
- Departments of Neuroscience and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Thomas Gridley
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States
| | - Jean M. Hébert
- Departments of Neuroscience and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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31
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Gao F, Fan Y, Zhou B, Guo W, Jiang X, Shi J, Ren C. The functions and properties of cullin-5, a potential therapeutic target for cancers. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:618-632. [PMID: 32194910 PMCID: PMC7061844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cullin-5 (CUL5), a scaffold protein in active cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase (CRL) complexes, is a member of the cullin family of proteins. The CUL5-type ubiquitin ligase can target multiple proteins involved in ubiquitination and proteasome degradation. CUL5 plays positive roles in regulating cell growth, proliferation and physiological and other processes in the human body. It has been found that the expression of CUL5 is significantly downregulated in various cancer cells, which affects the course of the cancers. Here, we reviewed the current data on the expression and role of CUL5 in both normal and cancer cells, its possible mechanisms, and its potential as a therapeutic target for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha 410008, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
- The NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of The Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yimin Fan
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha 410008, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
- The NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of The Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Bolun Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha 410008, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
- The NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of The Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Weihua Guo
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha 410008, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
- The NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of The Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xingjun Jiang
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha 410008, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
- The NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of The Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Caiping Ren
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha 410008, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
- The NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of The Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410008, Hunan, China
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Schoof M, Hellwig M, Harrison L, Holdhof D, Lauffer MC, Niesen J, Virdi S, Indenbirken D, Schüller U. The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor TCF4 impacts brain architecture as well as neuronal morphology and differentiation. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 51:2219-2235. [PMID: 31919899 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Germline mutations in the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor 4 (TCF4) cause the Pitt-Hopkins syndrome (PTHS), a developmental disorder with severe intellectual disability. Here, we report findings from a new mouse model with a central nervous system-specific truncation of Tcf4 leading to severe phenotypic abnormalities. Furthermore, it allows the study of a complete TCF4 knockout in adult mice, circumventing early postnatal lethality of previously published mouse models. Our data suggest that a TCF4 truncation results in an impaired hippocampal architecture affecting both the dentate gyrus as well as the cornu ammonis. In the cerebral cortex, loss of TCF4 generates a severe differentiation delay of neural precursors. Furthermore, neuronal morphology was critically affected with shortened apical dendrites and significantly increased branching of dendrites. Our data provide novel information about the role of Tcf4 in brain development and may help to understand the mechanisms leading to intellectual deficits observed in patients suffering from PTHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Schoof
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Research Institute, Children's Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Hellwig
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Research Institute, Children's Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Luke Harrison
- Center for Neuropathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Dörthe Holdhof
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Research Institute, Children's Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marlen C Lauffer
- Center for Neuropathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Judith Niesen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Research Institute, Children's Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sanamjeet Virdi
- Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Indenbirken
- Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schüller
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Research Institute, Children's Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Simultaneous Requirements for Hes1 in Retinal Neurogenesis and Optic Cup-Stalk Boundary Maintenance. J Neurosci 2020; 40:1501-1513. [PMID: 31949107 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2327-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The bHLH transcription factor Hes1 is a key downstream effector for the Notch signaling pathway. During embryogenesis neural progenitors express low levels of Hes1 in an oscillating pattern, whereas glial brain boundary regions (e.g., isthmus) have high, sustained Hes1 levels that suppress neuronal fates. Here, we show that in the embryonic mouse retina, the optic nerve head and stalk express high Hes1, with the ONH constituting a boundary between the neural retina and glial cells that ultimately line the optic stalk. Using two Cre drivers with distinct spatiotemporal expression we conditionally inactivated Hes1, to delineate the requirements for this transcriptional repressor during retinal neurogenesis versus patterning of the optic cup and stalk. Throughout retinal neurogenesis, Hes1 maintains proliferation and blocks retinal ganglion cell formation, but surprisingly we found it also promotes cone photoreceptor genesis. In the postnatal eye, Hes1 inactivation with Rax-Cre resulted in increased bipolar neurons and a mispositioning of Müller glia. Our results indicate that Notch pathway regulation of cone genesis is more complex than previously assumed, and reveal a novel role for Hes1 in maintaining the optic cup-stalk boundary.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The bHLH repressor Hes1 regulates the timing of neurogenesis, rate of progenitor cell division, gliogenesis, and maintains tissue compartment boundaries. This study expands current eye development models by showing Notch-independent roles for Hes1 in the developing optic nerve head (ONH). Defects in ONH formation result in optic nerve coloboma; our work now inserts Hes1 into the genetic hierarchy regulating optic fissure closure. Given that Hes1 acts analogously in the ONH as the brain isthmus, it prompts future investigation of the ONH as a signaling factor center, or local organizer. Embryonic development of the ONH region has been poorly studied, which is surprising given it is where the pan-ocular disease glaucoma is widely believed to inflict damage on RGC axons.
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Hunter GL, Giniger E. Phosphorylation and Proteolytic Cleavage of Notch in Canonical and Noncanonical Notch Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1227:51-68. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36422-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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35
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Zhou X, Tao H, Cai Y, Cui L, Zhao B, Li K. Stage-dependent involvement of ADAM10 and its significance in epileptic seizures. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:4494-4504. [PMID: 31087543 PMCID: PMC6584734 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of epileptic seizures in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has attracted an increasing amount of attention in recent years, and many cohort studies have found several risk factors associated with the genesis of seizures in AD. Among these factors, young age and severe dementia are seemingly contradictory and independent risk factors, indicating that the pathogenesis of epileptic seizures is, to a certain extent, stage‐dependent. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain‐containing protein 10 (ADAM10) is a crucial α‐secretase responsible for ectodomain shedding of its substrates; thus, the function of this protein depends on the biological effects of its substrates. Intriguingly, transgenic models have demonstrated ADAM10 to be associated with epilepsy. Based on the biological effects of its substrates, the potential pathogenic roles of ADAM10 in epileptic seizures can be classified into amyloidogenic processes in the ageing stage and cortical dysplasia in the developmental stage. Therefore, ADAM10 is reviewed here as a stage‐dependent modulator in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Current data regarding ADAM10 in epileptic seizures were collected and reviewed for potential pathogenic roles (ie amyloidogenic processes and cortical dysplasia) and regulatory mechanisms (ie transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation). These findings are then discussed in terms of the significance of the stage‐dependent functions of ADAM10 in epilepsy. Several potential targets for seizure control, such as candidate transcription factors and microRNAs that regulate ADAM10, as well as potential genetic screening tools for the early recognition of cortical dysplasia, have been suggested but must be studied in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhou
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hua Tao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yujie Cai
- Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lili Cui
- Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Keshen Li
- Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Stroke Center, Neurology & Neurosurgery Division, Clinical Medicine Research Institute & the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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36
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Gluncic V, Moric M, Chu Y, Hanko V, Li J, Lukić IK, Lukić A, Edassery SL, Kroin JS, Persons AL, Perry P, Kelly L, Shiveley TJ, Nice K, Napier CT, Kordower JH, Tuman KJ. In utero Exposure to Anesthetics Alters Neuronal Migration Pattern in Developing Cerebral Cortex and Causes Postnatal Behavioral Deficits in Rats. Cereb Cortex 2019; 29:5285-5301. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
During fetal development, cerebral cortical neurons are generated in the proliferative zone along the ventricles and then migrate to their final positions. To examine the impact of in utero exposure to anesthetics on neuronal migration, we injected pregnant rats with bromodeoxyuridine to label fetal neurons generated at embryonic Day (E) 17 and then randomized these rats to 9 different groups receiving 3 different means of anesthesia (oxygen/control, propofol, isoflurane) for 3 exposure durations (20, 50, 120 min). Histological analysis of brains from 54 pups revealed that significant number of neurons in anesthetized animals failed to acquire their correct cortical position and remained dispersed within inappropriate cortical layers and/or adjacent white matter. Behavioral testing of 86 littermates pointed to abnormalities that correspond to the aberrations in the brain areas that are specifically developing during the E17. In the second set of experiments, fetal brains exposed to isoflurane at E16 had diminished expression of the reelin and glutamic acid decarboxylase 67, proteins critical for neuronal migration. Together, these results call for cautious use of anesthetics during the neuronal migration period in pregnancy and more comprehensive investigation of neurodevelopmental consequences for the fetus and possible consequences later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gluncic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago IL, USA
| | - M Moric
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Y Chu
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Medical College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - V Hanko
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - J Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - I K Lukić
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A Lukić
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S L Edassery
- Department of Pharmacology, Rush Medical College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J S Kroin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A L Persons
- Department of Pharmacology, Rush Medical College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- The Center for Compulsive Behavior and Addiction, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - P Perry
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - L Kelly
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Medical College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - T J Shiveley
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K Nice
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Medical College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - C T Napier
- Department of Pharmacology, Rush Medical College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- The Center for Compulsive Behavior and Addiction, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Rush Medical College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J H Kordower
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Medical College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K J Tuman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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37
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Postnatal development and maturation of layer 1 in the lateral prefrontal cortex and its disruption in autism. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:40. [PMID: 30867066 PMCID: PMC6417186 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0684-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism is a neurodevelopmental connectivity disorder characterized by cortical network disorganization and imbalance in excitation/inhibition. However, little is known about the development of autism pathology and the disruption of laminar-specific excitatory and inhibitory cortical circuits. To begin to address these issues, we examined layer 1 of the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC), an area with prolonged development and maturation that is affected in autism. We focused on layer 1 because it contains a distinctive, diverse population of interneurons and glia, receives input from feedback and neuromodulatory pathways, and plays a critical role in the development, maturation, and function of the cortex. We used unbiased quantitative methods at high resolution to study the morphology, neurochemistry, distribution, and density of neurons and myelinated axons in post-mortem brain tissue from children and adults with and without autism. We cross-validated our findings through comparisons with neighboring anterior cingulate cortices and optimally-fixed non-human primate tissue. In neurotypical controls we found an increase in the density of myelinated axons from childhood to adulthood. Neuron density overall declined with age, paralleled by decreased density of inhibitory interneurons labeled by calretinin (CR), calbindin (CB), and parvalbumin (PV). Importantly, we found PV neurons in layer 1 of typically developing children, previously detected only perinatally. In autism there was disorganization of cortical networks within layer 1: children with autism had increased variability in the trajectories and thickness of myelinated axons in layer 1, while adults with autism had a reduction in the relative proportion of thin axons. Neurotypical postnatal changes in layer 1 of LPFC likely underlie refinement of cortical activity during maturation of cortical networks involved in cognition. Our findings suggest that disruption of the maturation of feedback pathways, rather than interneurons in layer 1, has a key role in the development of imbalance between excitation and inhibition in autism.
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38
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Bazzoni R, Bentivegna A. Role of Notch Signaling Pathway in Glioblastoma Pathogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030292. [PMID: 30832246 PMCID: PMC6468848 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that regulates important biological processes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, self-renewal, and differentiation. In mammals, Notch signaling is composed of four receptors (Notch1–4) and five ligands (Dll1-3–4, Jagged1–2) that mainly contribute to the development and maintenance of the central nervous system (CNS). Neural stem cells (NSCs) are the starting point for neurogenesis and other neurological functions, representing an essential aspect for the homeostasis of the CNS. Therefore, genetic and functional alterations to NSCs can lead to the development of brain tumors, including glioblastoma. Glioblastoma remains an incurable disease, and the reason for the failure of current therapies and tumor relapse is the presence of a small subpopulation of tumor cells known as glioma stem cells (GSCs), characterized by their stem cell-like properties and aggressive phenotype. Growing evidence reveals that Notch signaling is highly active in GSCs, where it suppresses differentiation and maintains stem-like properties, contributing to Glioblastoma tumorigenesis and conventional-treatment resistance. In this review, we try to give a comprehensive view of the contribution of Notch signaling to Glioblastoma and its possible implication as a target for new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Bazzoni
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Pz.le Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy.
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
- NeuroMi, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy.
| | - Angela Bentivegna
- NeuroMi, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy.
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy.
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Sun C, Fu J, Qu Z, Li D, Si P, Qiao Q, Zhang W, Xue Y, Zhen J, Wang W. Chronic mild hypoxia promotes hippocampal neurogenesis involving Notch1 signaling in epileptic rats. Brain Res 2019; 1714:88-98. [PMID: 30768929 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is one of the most common and disabling co-morbidities of epilepsy. It is therefore imperative to find novel treatment approaches to rescue cognitive function among epilepsy patients. Adult neurogenesis is strongly implicated in cognitive function, and mild hypoxia is known to promote the proliferation and differentiation of both embryonic and adult neural stem cells (NSCs). In the present study, we investigated the effect of mild hypoxia on cognitive function and hippocampal neurogenesis of rats with pilocarpine-induced chronic epilepsy. Chronic epilepsy induced marked spatial learning and memory deficits in the Morris water maze that were rescued by consecutively 28 days mild hypoxia exposure (6 h/d at 3000 m altitude equivalent) during the chronic phase. Moreover, mild hypoxia reversed the suppression of hippocampal neurogenesis and the downregulation of NT-3 and BDNF expression in hippocampus and cortex of epileptic rats. Mild hypoxia in vitro also promoted hippocampus-derived NSC proliferation and neuronal differentiation. In addition, mild hypoxia enhanced Notch1 and Hes1 expression, suggesting that Notch1 signaling may be involved in neuroprotection of hypoxia. Our data may help to pave the way for identifying new therapeutic targets for rescuing cognition conflicts in epileptic patients by using hypoxia to promote hippocampus neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Sun
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Fu
- Department of Emergency, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Qu
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxiao Li
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Peipei Si
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Qiao
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xue
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Junli Zhen
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weiping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China.
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40
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Nucleic acids and analogs for bone regeneration. Bone Res 2018; 6:37. [PMID: 30603226 PMCID: PMC6306486 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-018-0042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With the incidence of different bone diseases increasing, effective therapies are needed that coordinate a combination of various technologies and biological materials. Bone tissue engineering has also been considered as a promising strategy to repair various bone defects. Therefore, different biological materials that can promote stem cell proliferation, migration, and osteoblastic differentiation to accelerate bone tissue regeneration and repair have also become the focus of research in multiple fields. Stem cell therapy, biomaterial scaffolds, and biological growth factors have shown potential for bone tissue engineering; however, off-target effects and cytotoxicity have limited their clinical use. The application of nucleic acids (deoxyribonucleic acid or ribonucleic acid) and nucleic acid analogs (peptide nucleic acids or locked nucleic acids), which are designed based on foreign genes or with special structures, can be taken up by target cells to exert different effects such as modulating protein expression, replacing a missing gene, or targeting specific gens or proteins. Due to some drawbacks, nucleic acids and nucleic acid analogs are combined with various delivery systems to exert enhanced effects, but current studies of these molecules have not yet satisfied clinical requirements. In-depth studies of nucleic acid or nucleic acid analog delivery systems have been performed, with a particular focus on bone tissue regeneration and repair. In this review, we mainly introduce delivery systems for nucleic acids and nucleic acid analogs and their applications in bone repair and regeneration. At the same time, the application of conventional scaffold materials for the delivery of nucleic acids and nucleic acid analogs is also discussed. Used with an appropriate delivery system, nucleic acids and nucleic acid analogs have excellent potential for bone repair and regeneration. Owing to various challenges with bone tissue regeneration, current research is largely focused on gene therapy, which employs genes to treat or prevent disease, and such new materials as nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and nucleic acid analogs (compounds structurally similar to naturally occurring nucleic acids). A team headed by Yunfeng Lin at Sichuan University, China conducted a review of delivery systems for nucleic acids and nucleic acid analogs and their application in bone repair and regeneration. The authors identified the use of biomaterial scaffolds (which mimic living tissue) as one of the most important research areas for gene therapy, and that strategy has proven effective with all types of bone regeneration and repair.
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41
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Hashimoto-Torii K, Sasaki M, Chang YW, Hwang H, Waxman SG, Kocsis JD, Rakic P, Torii M. Detection of local and remote cellular damage caused by spinal cord and peripheral nerve injury using a heat shock signaling reporter system. IBRO Rep 2018; 5:91-98. [PMID: 30480161 PMCID: PMC6240805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord and peripheral nerve injury results in extensive damage to the locally injured cells as well as distant cells that are functionally connected to them. Both primary and secondary damage can cause a broad range of clinical abnormalities, including neuropathic pain and cognitive and memory dysfunction. However, the mechanisms underlying these abnormalities remain unclear, awaiting new methods to identify affected cells to enable examination of their molecular, cellular and physiological characteristics. Here, we report that both primary and secondary damage to cells in mouse models of spinal cord and peripheral nerve injury can be detected in vivo using a novel fluorescent reporter system based on the immediate stress response via activation of Heat Shock Factor 1. We also provide evidence for altered electrophysiological properties of reporter-positive secondarily-injured neurons. The comprehensive identification of injured, but surviving cells located both close and at distant locations from the injury site in vivo will provide a way to study their pathophysiology and possibly prevention of their further deterioration.
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Key Words
- Cellular damage
- DRG, dorsal root ganglion
- FG, Fluoro-Gold
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- HSE, heat shock-response element
- HSF1, heat shock factor 1
- HSP, heat shock protein
- Heat shock signaling
- IL-6, interleukin 6
- M1, primary motor cortex
- M2, secondary motor cortex
- MPtA, medial parietal association cortex
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- RFP, red fluorescent protein
- Reporter mouse
- SCI, spinal cord injury
- SNI, sciatic nerve injury
- Sciatic nerve injury
- Spinal cord injury
- WDR, wide-dynamic range
- WGA, wheat germ agglutinin
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazue Hashimoto-Torii
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s Research Institute, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Masanori Sasaki
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, 06516, USA
- Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Yu-Wen Chang
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, 06516, USA
| | - Hye Hwang
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s Research Institute, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Stephen G. Waxman
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, 06516, USA
| | - Jeffery D. Kocsis
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, 06516, USA
| | - Pasko Rakic
- Department of Neurobiology and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Masaaki Torii
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s Research Institute, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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42
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Cargnin F, Kwon JS, Katzman S, Chen B, Lee JW, Lee SK. FOXG1 Orchestrates Neocortical Organization and Cortico-Cortical Connections. Neuron 2018; 100:1083-1096.e5. [PMID: 30392794 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The hallmarks of FOXG1 syndrome, which results from mutations in a single FOXG1 allele, include cortical atrophy and corpus callosum agenesis. However, the etiology for these structural deficits and the role of FOXG1 in cortical projection neurons remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that Foxg1 in pyramidal neurons plays essential roles in establishing cortical layers and the identity and axon trajectory of callosal projection neurons. The neuron-specific actions of Foxg1 are achieved by forming a transcription complex with Rp58. The Foxg1-Rp58 complex directly binds and represses Robo1, Slit3, and Reelin genes, the key regulators of callosal axon guidance and neuronal migration. We also found that inactivation of one Foxg1 allele specifically in cortical neurons was sufficient to cause cerebral cortical hypoplasia and corpus callosum agenesis. Together, this study reveals a novel gene regulatory pathway that specifies neuronal characteristics during cerebral cortex development and sheds light on the etiology of FOXG1 syndrome. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cargnin
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ji-Sun Kwon
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Sol Katzman
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Jae W Lee
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Soo-Kyung Lee
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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43
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Prume M, Rollenhagen A, Lübke JHR. Structural and Synaptic Organization of the Adult Reeler Mouse Somatosensory Neocortex: A Comparative Fine-Scale Electron Microscopic Study of Reeler With Wild Type Mice. Front Neuroanat 2018; 12:80. [PMID: 30344480 PMCID: PMC6182073 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The reeler mouse has been widely used to study various aspects of cortico- and synaptogenesis, but also as a model for several neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. In contrast to development, comparably little is known about the neuronal composition and synaptic organization of the adult reeler mouse neocortex, in particular at the fine-scale electron microscopic level, which was investigated here and compared with wild type (WT) mice. In this study, the “barrel field” of the adult reeler and WT mouse somatosensory neocortex is used as a model system. In reeler the characteristic six-layered structure is no longer existent, but replaced by a conglomerate of neurons organized in homologous clusters with maintained morphological identity and heterologous clusters between neurons and/or oligodendrocytes. These clusters are loosely scattered throughout the neocortical mass between the pial surface and the white matter. In contrast to WT, layer 1 (L1), if existent, seems to be diluted into the volume of the neocortical mass with no clear boundary. L1 also contains clusters of migrated or persistent neurons, oligodendro- and astrocytes. As in WT, myelinated and unmyelinated axons were found throughout the neocortical mass, but in reeler they were organized in massive fiber bundles with a high fiber packing density. A prominent and massive thalamocortical projection traverses through the neocortical mass, always accompanied by numerous “active” oligodendrocytes whereas in WT no such projections were found and “silent” oligodendrocytes were restricted to the white matter. In the adult reeler mouse neocortex, synaptic boutons terminate on somata, dendritic shafts, spines of different types and axon initial segments with no signs of structural distortion and/or degeneration, indicating a “normal” postsynaptic innervation pattern of neurons. In addition, synaptic complexes between boutons and their postsynaptic targets are tightly ensheathed by fine astrocytic processes, as in WT. In conclusion, the neuronal clusters may represent a possible alternative organization principle in adult reeler mice “replacing” layer formation. If so, these homologous clusters may represent individual “functional units” where neurons are highly interconnected and may function as the equivalent of neurons integrated in a cortical layer. The structural composition and postsynaptic innervation pattern of neurons by synaptic boutons provide the structural basis for the establishment of a functional although altered cortical network in the adult reeler mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Prume
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-10, Research Centre Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Astrid Rollenhagen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-10, Research Centre Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Joachim H R Lübke
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-10, Research Centre Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,JARA Translational Brain Medicine, Jülich, Germany
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44
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Majolo F, Marinowic D, Machado D, Da Costa J. Notch signaling in human iPS‐derived neuronal progenitor lines from Focal Cortical Dysplasia patients. Int J Dev Neurosci 2018; 69:112-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F. Majolo
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns)Brazil
| | | | - D.C. Machado
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns)Brazil
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45
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Imai H, Shoji H, Ogata M, Kagawa Y, Owada Y, Miyakawa T, Sakimura K, Terashima T, Katsuyama Y. Dorsal Forebrain-Specific Deficiency of Reelin-Dab1 Signal Causes Behavioral Abnormalities Related to Psychiatric Disorders. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:3485-3501. [PMID: 26762856 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reelin-Dab1 signaling is involved in brain development and neuronal functions. The abnormalities in the signaling through either reduction of Reelin and Dab1 gene expressions or the genomic mutations in the brain have been reported to be associated with psychiatric disorders. However, it has not been clear if the deficiency in Reelin-Dab1 signaling is responsible for symptoms of the disorders. Here, to examine the function of Reelin-Dab1 signaling in the forebrain, we generated dorsal forebrain-specific Dab1 conditional knockout mouse (Dab1 cKO) and performed a behavioral test battery on the Dab1 cKO mice. Although conventional Dab1 null mutant mice exhibit cerebellar atrophy and cerebellar ataxia, the Dab1 cKO mice had normal cerebellum and showed no motor dysfunction. Dab1 cKO mice exhibited behavioral abnormalities, including hyperactivity, decreased anxiety-like behavior, and impairment of working memory, which are reminiscent of symptoms observed in patients with psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. These results suggest that deficiency of Reelin-Dab1 signal in the dorsal forebrain is involved in the pathogenesis of some symptoms of human psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Imai
- Division of Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Shoji
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Masaki Ogata
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Kagawa
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yuji Owada
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan.,Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Toshio Terashima
- Division of Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yu Katsuyama
- Division of Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.,Department of Organ Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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46
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Wei Y, Pandian GN, Yu Z, Zou T, Li Y, Darokar J, Hashiya K, Bando T, Sugiyama H. Synthetic DNA-Binding Inhibitor of HES1 Alters the Notch Signaling Pathway and Induces Neuronal Differentiation. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:3608-3616. [PMID: 30023873 PMCID: PMC6045482 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic DNA-binding inhibitors capable of gaining precise control over neurogenesis factors could obviate the current clinical barriers associated with the use of small molecules in regenerative medicine. Here, we report the design and bioefficacy of the synthetic ligand PIP-RBPJ-1, which caused promoter-specific suppression of neurogenesis-associated HES1 and its downstream genes. Furthermore, PIP-RBPJ-1 alone altered the neural-system-associated Notch-signaling factors and remarkably induced neurogenesis with an efficiency that was comparable to that of a conventional approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Wei
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ganesh N. Pandian
- World
Premier International Research Center, Institute for Integrated Cell-Material
Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Ushinomiyacho, 606-8501 Kyoto, Japan
- E-mail: . Phone: +81-075-753-4002 (G.N.P.)
| | - Zutao Yu
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tingting Zou
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yue Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jayant Darokar
- Department
of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, 110-016 New Delhi, India
| | - Kaori Hashiya
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Bando
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
- World
Premier International Research Center, Institute for Integrated Cell-Material
Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Ushinomiyacho, 606-8501 Kyoto, Japan
- E-mail: . Phone: +81-075-753-4002 (H.S.)
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47
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Shah B, Lutter D, Tsytsyura Y, Glyvuk N, Sakakibara A, Klingauf J, Püschel AW. Rap1 GTPases Are Master Regulators of Neural Cell Polarity in the Developing Neocortex. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:1253-1269. [PMID: 26733533 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During the development of the mammalian neocortex, the generation of neurons by neural progenitors and their migration to the final position are closely coordinated. The highly polarized radial glial cells (RGCs) serve both as progenitor cells to generate neurons and as support for the migration of these neurons. After their generation, neurons transiently assume a multipolar morphology before they polarize and begin their migration along the RGCs. Here, we show that Rap1 GTPases perform essential functions for cortical organization as master regulators of cell polarity. Conditional deletion of Rap1 GTPases leads to a complete loss of cortical lamination. In RGCs, Rap1 GTPases are required to maintain their polarized organization. In newborn neurons, the loss of Rap1 GTPases prevents the formation of axons and leading processes and thereby interferes with radial migration. Taken together, the loss of RGC and neuronal polarity results in the disruption of cortical organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavin Shah
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Daniela Lutter
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Natalia Glyvuk
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Akira Sakakibara
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Jürgen Klingauf
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, D- 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas W Püschel
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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48
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Yang CP, Li X, Wu Y, Shen Q, Zeng Y, Xiong Q, Wei M, Chen C, Liu J, Huo Y, Li K, Xue G, Yao YG, Zhang C, Li M, Chen Y, Luo XJ. Comprehensive integrative analyses identify GLT8D1 and CSNK2B as schizophrenia risk genes. Nat Commun 2018; 9:838. [PMID: 29483533 PMCID: PMC5826945 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03247-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple risk loci that show strong associations with schizophrenia. However, pinpointing the potential causal genes at the reported loci remains a major challenge. Here we identify candidate causal genes for schizophrenia using an integrative genomic approach. Sherlock integrative analysis shows that ALMS1, GLT8D1, and CSNK2B are schizophrenia risk genes, which are validated using independent brain expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data and integrative analysis method (SMR). Consistently, gene expression analysis in schizophrenia cases and controls further supports the potential role of these three genes in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Finally, we show that GLT8D1 and CSNK2B knockdown promote the proliferation and inhibit the differentiation abilities of neural stem cells, and alter morphology and synaptic transmission of neurons. These convergent lines of evidence suggest that the ALMS1, CSNK2B, and GLT8D1 genes may be involved in pathophysiology of schizophrenia. More than 100 risk loci for schizophrenia have been identified by genome-wide association studies. Here, the authors apply an integrative genomic approach to prioritize risk genes and validate GLT8D1 and CSNK2B as candidate causal genes by in vitro studies in neural stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Ping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Qiushuo Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, 650031, China
| | - Qiuxia Xiong
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, 650031, China
| | - Mengping Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chunhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jiewei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Yongxia Huo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Kaiqin Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Gui Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yongbin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China. .,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnna, 650223, China.
| | - Xiong-Jian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China. .,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnna, 650223, China.
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49
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Zhou M, Liu NX, Shi SR, Li Y, Zhang Q, Ma QQ, Tian TR, Ma WJ, Cai XX, Lin YF. Effect of tetrahedral DNA nanostructures on proliferation and osteo/odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells via activation of the notch signaling pathway. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:1227-1236. [PMID: 29458214 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) derived from the human dental pulp tissue have multiple differentiation capabilities, such as osteo/odontogenic differentiation. Therefore, DPSCs are deemed as ideal stem cell sources for tissue regeneration. As new nanomaterials based on DNA, tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs) have tremendous potential for biomedical applications. Here, the authors aimed to explore the part played by TDNs in proliferation and osteo/odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs, and attempted to investigate if these cellular responses could be driven by activating the canonical Notch signaling pathway. Upon exposure to TDNs, proliferation and osteo/odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs were dramatically enhanced, accompanied by up regulation of Notch signaling. In general, our study suggested that TDNs can significantly promote proliferation and osteo/odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs, and this remarkable discovery can be applied in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine to develop a significant and novel method for bone and dental tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nan-Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Si-Rong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quan-Quan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao-Ran Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen-Juan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun-Feng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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50
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Kannan R, Cox E, Wang L, Kuzina I, Gu Q, Giniger E. Tyrosine phosphorylation and proteolytic cleavage of Notch are required for non-canonical Notch/Abl signaling in Drosophila axon guidance. Development 2018; 145:dev.151548. [PMID: 29343637 DOI: 10.1242/dev.151548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Notch signaling is required for the development and physiology of nearly every tissue in metazoans. Much of Notch signaling is mediated by transcriptional regulation of downstream target genes, but Notch controls axon patterning in Drosophila by local modulation of Abl tyrosine kinase signaling, via direct interactions with the Abl co-factors Disabled and Trio. Here, we show that Notch-Abl axonal signaling requires both of the proteolytic cleavage events that initiate canonical Notch signaling. We further show that some Notch protein is tyrosine phosphorylated in Drosophila, that this form of the protein is selectively associated with Disabled and Trio, and that relevant tyrosines are essential for Notch-dependent axon patterning but not for canonical Notch-dependent regulation of cell fate. Based on these data, we propose a model for the molecular mechanism by which Notch controls Abl signaling in Drosophila axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishnan Kannan
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eric Cox
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave, N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Irina Kuzina
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Qun Gu
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Edward Giniger
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA .,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave, N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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