1
|
Kobayashi M, Kanazawa S, Yamaguchi MK. The role of scenic context on upright face preference in infancy. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288253. [PMID: 37440545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Scenic information plays an important role in face processing, whereas it has received limited attention in the field of developmental research. In the current study, we investigated whether infants, like adults, utilize scenic information for face processing by the preferential-looking method. In Experiment 1, we examined 4-5 and 6-7-month-olds' visual preferences for upright faces compared to inverted faces in two surrounding scene conditions: intact (in which a face occurs in an intact scene) and scrambled (in which a face occurs in a jumbled scene). We found that 6- to 7-month-olds preferred the upright face in the intact scene, but not in the scrambled scene. Meanwhile, 4- to 5-month-olds showed significant upright face preference in both scenes. The results of Experiment 2 ruled out the possibility that the lack of preference for upright faces in the scrambled scene in 6- to 7-month-olds resulted from more distraction by the scrambledness of the image than occurs with 4- to 5-month-olds, by showing no developmental changes in preference either for the scrambled images or the intact images when faces did not appear. Our results suggest that infants aged 6 months or more utilize scenic information for face processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - So Kanazawa
- Department of Psychology, Japan Women's University, Bunkyo City, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu H, Liu Y, Dong X, Liu H, Han B. Effect of Cognitive Control on Age-Related Positivity Effects in Attentional Processing - Evidence From an Event-Related Brain Potential Study. Front Psychol 2021; 12:755635. [PMID: 34925159 PMCID: PMC8671695 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.755635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies investigating age-related positivity effects during facial emotion processing have yielded contradictory results. The present study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of cognitive control during attentional processing of emotional faces among older adults. We used go/no-go detection tasks combined with event-related potentials and source localization to examine the effects of response inhibition on age-related positivity effects. Data were obtained from 23 older and 23 younger healthy participants. Behavioral results showed that the discriminability index (d') of older adults on fear trials was significantly greater than that of younger adults [t(44)=2.37, p=0.024, Cohen's d=0.70], whereas an opposite pattern was found in happy trials [t(44)=2.56, p=0.014, Cohen's d=0.75]. The electroencephalography results on the amplitude of the N170 at the left electrode positions showed that the fear-neutral face pairs were larger than the happy-neutral ones for the younger adults [t(22)=2.32, p=0.030, Cohen's d=0.48]; the older group's right hemisphere presented similar tendency, although the results were not statistically significant [t(22)=1.97, p=0.061, Cohen's d=0.41]. Further, the brain activity of the two hemispheres in older adults showed asymmetrical decrement. Our study demonstrated that the age-related "positivity effect" was not observed owing to the depletion of available cognitive resources at the early attentional stage. Moreover, bilateral activation of the two hemispheres may be important signals of normal aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haining Liu
- Department of Psychology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Nerve Injury and Repair, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Xianling Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Haihong Liu
- Department of Psychology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China.,Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well Being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, The National University of Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Buxin Han
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
McPartland JC, Lerner MD, Bhat A, Clarkson T, Jack A, Koohsari S, Matuskey D, McQuaid GA, Su WC, Trevisan DA. Looking Back at the Next 40 Years of ASD Neuroscience Research. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 51:4333-4353. [PMID: 34043128 PMCID: PMC8542594 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05095-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During the last 40 years, neuroscience has become one of the most central and most productive approaches to investigating autism. In this commentary, we assemble a group of established investigators and trainees to review key advances and anticipated developments in neuroscience research across five modalities most commonly employed in autism research: magnetic resonance imaging, functional near infrared spectroscopy, positron emission tomography, electroencephalography, and transcranial magnetic stimulation. Broadly, neuroscience research has provided important insights into brain systems involved in autism but not yet mechanistic understanding. Methodological advancements are expected to proffer deeper understanding of neural circuitry associated with function and dysfunction during the next 40 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew D Lerner
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Anjana Bhat
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Tessa Clarkson
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allison Jack
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Sheida Koohsari
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David Matuskey
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Goldie A McQuaid
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Wan-Chun Su
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Baccolo E, Quadrelli E, Macchi Cassia V. Neural sensitivity to trustworthiness cues from realistic face images is associated with temperament: An electrophysiological study with 6-month-old infants. Soc Neurosci 2021; 16:668-683. [PMID: 34469270 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2021.1976271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Discriminating facial cues to trustworthiness is a fundamental social skill whose developmental origins are still debated. Prior investigations used computer-generated faces, which might fail to reflect infants' face processing expertise. Here, Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) were recorded in Caucasian adults (N = 20, 7 males, M age = 25.25 years) and 6-month-old infants (N = 21, 10 males) in response to variations in trustworthiness intensity expressed by morphed images of realistic female faces associated with explicit trustworthiness judgments (Study 1). Preferential looking behavior in response to the same faces was also investigated in infants (N = 27, 11 males) (Study 2). ERP results showed that both age groups distinguished subtle stimulus differences, and that interindividual variability in neural sensitivity to these differences were associated with infants' temperament. No signs of stimulus differentiation emerged from infants' looking behavior. These findings contribute to the understanding of the developmental origins of human sensitivity to social cues from faces by extending prior evidence to more ecological stimuli and by unraveling the mediating role of temperament.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Baccolo
- Department of Psychology, Università Degli Studi Di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Ermanno Quadrelli
- Department of Psychology, Università Degli Studi Di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.,Nero Mi, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milano, Italy
| | - Viola Macchi Cassia
- Department of Psychology, Università Degli Studi Di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.,Nero Mi, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen Y, Slinger M, Edgar JC, Bloy L, Kuschner ES, Kim M, Green HL, Chiang T, Yount T, Liu S, Lebus J, Lam S, Stephen JM, Huang H, Roberts TPL. Maturation of hemispheric specialization for face encoding during infancy and toddlerhood. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 48:100918. [PMID: 33571846 PMCID: PMC7876542 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Using infant magnetoencephalography (MEG), study findings show maturational changes to fusiform gyrus (FFG) activity when viewing faces. Earlier right FFG activity to face stimuli is associated with better social and cognitive ability. Stronger right- than left-hemisphere FFG responses to face stimuli are most evident after 1 year of age.
Little is known about the neural processes associated with attending to social stimuli during infancy and toddlerhood. Using infant magnetoencephalography (MEG), fusiform gyrus (FFG) activity while processing Face and Non-Face stimuli was examined in 46 typically developing infants 3 to 24 months old (28 males). Several findings indicated FFG maturation throughout the first two years of life. First, right FFG responses to Face stimuli decreased as a function of age. Second, hemispheric specialization to the face stimuli developed somewhat slowly, with earlier right than left FFG peak activity most evident after 1 year of age. Right FFG activity to Face stimuli was of clinical interest, with an earlier right FFG response associated with better performance on tests assessing social and cognitive ability. Building on the above, clinical studies examining maturational change in FFG activity (e.g., lateralization and speed) in infants at-risk for childhood disorders associated with social deficits are of interest to identify atypical FFG maturation before a formal diagnosis is possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Chen
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Michelle Slinger
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - J Christopher Edgar
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Luke Bloy
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Emily S Kuschner
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mina Kim
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Heather L Green
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Taylor Chiang
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Tess Yount
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jill Lebus
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Samantha Lam
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Julia M Stephen
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
| | - Hao Huang
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Timothy P L Roberts
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Marin A, Hutman T, Ponting C, McDonald NM, Carver L, Baker E, Daniel M, Dickinson A, Dapretto M, Johnson SP, Jeste SS. Electrophysiological signatures of visual statistical learning in 3-month-old infants at familial and low risk for autism spectrum disorder. Dev Psychobiol 2020; 62:858-870. [PMID: 32215919 PMCID: PMC7483854 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Visual statistical learning (VSL) refers to the ability to extract associations and conditional probabilities within the visual environment. It may serve as a precursor to cognitive and social communication development. Quantifying VSL in infants at familial risk (FR) for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) provides opportunities to understand how genetic predisposition can influence early learning processes which may, in turn, lay a foundation for cognitive and social communication delays. We examined electroencephalography (EEG) signatures of VSL in 3-month-old infants, examining whether EEG correlates of VSL differentiated FR from low-risk (LR) infants. In an exploratory analysis, we then examined whether EEG correlates of VSL at 3 months relate to cognitive function and ASD symptoms at 18 months. Infants were exposed to a continuous stream of looming shape pairs with varying probability that the shapes would occur in sequence (high probability-deterministic condition; low probability-probabilistic condition). EEG was time-locked to shapes based on their transitional probabilities. EEG analysis examined group-level characteristics underlying specific components, including the late frontal positivity (LFP) and N700 responses. FR infants demonstrated increased LFP and N700 response to the probabilistic condition, whereas LR infants demonstrated increased LFP and N700 response to the deterministic condition. LFP at 3 months predicted 18-month visual reception skills and not ASD symptoms. Our findings thus provide evidence for distinct VSL processes in FR and LR infants as early as 3 months. Atypical pattern learning in FR infants may lay a foundation for later delays in higher level, nonverbal cognitive skills, and predict ASD symptoms well before an ASD diagnosis is made.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Marin
- University of California, Los Angeles - Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ted Hutman
- University of California, Los Angeles - Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn Ponting
- University of California, Los Angeles - Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicole M McDonald
- University of California, Los Angeles - Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leslie Carver
- University of California, San Diego - Psychology Department, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Baker
- University of California, Los Angeles - Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Manjari Daniel
- University of California, Los Angeles - Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Abigail Dickinson
- University of California, Los Angeles - Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mirella Dapretto
- University of California, Los Angeles - Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott P Johnson
- Psychology Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shafali S Jeste
- University of California, Los Angeles - Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Di Lorenzo R, van den Boomen C, Kemner C, Junge C. Charting development of ERP components on face-categorization: Results from a large longitudinal sample of infants. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2020; 45:100840. [PMID: 32877890 PMCID: PMC7476229 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report longitudinal ERP data of 80 infants in a face-discrimination task. P1, N290, Nc are all sensitive to faces in five-month-olds. P1, N290, Nc show equal face-categorization in infants tested longitudinally. N290 shows less variation in face-categorization trajectories than P1 or Nc. Visual ERPs increase in amplitude over infancy, but this is not face-specific.
From infancy onwards, EEG is widely used to measure face-categorization, i.e. differential brain activity to faces versus non-face stimuli. Four ERP components likely signal infants’ face-sensitivity but reflect different underlying mechanisms: the P1, N290, P400, Nc. We test whether these components reveal similar developmental patterns from early to late infancy, using a longitudinal dataset of 80 infants tested at 5 and 10 months. The P1, N290, and the Nc show face-categorization already in 5-months-olds, a pattern which did not change over time. Development is visible as increased amplitudes in all components, but similar for face and non-face stimuli. By using Markov models, we illustrate that there are differences in the distribution of individual trajectories of face-categorization components from 5 to 10 months. Whereas individual trajectories appear more varied for the Nc and the P1, the N290 reveals a more consistent pattern: a larger proportion of 5-month-olds shows the dominant group response; a larger proportion of 10-month-olds remains in this group, and larger proportions of the alternative trajectories from 5- to 10-month-olds move towards the dominant group. This is vital information when one wants to examine individual differences in infant ERPs related to face-categorization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Di Lorenzo
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands.
| | - Carlijn van den Boomen
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Chantal Kemner
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Caroline Junge
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Conte S, Richards JE, Guy MW, Xie W, Roberts JE. Face-sensitive brain responses in the first year of life. Neuroimage 2020; 211:116602. [PMID: 32044434 PMCID: PMC7085434 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical areas in the ventral visual pathway become selectively tuned towards the processing of faces compared to non-face stimuli beginning around 3 months of age and continuing over the first year. Studies using event-related potentials in the EEG (ERPs) have found an ERP component, the N290, that displays specificity for human faces. Other components, such as the P1, P400, and Nc have been studied to a lesser degree in their responsiveness to human faces. However, little is known about the systematic changes in the neural responses to faces during the first year of life, and the localization of these responses in infants' brain. We examined ERP responses to pictures of faces and objects in infants from 4.5 months through 12 months in a cross-sectional study. We investigated the activity of all the components reported to be involved in infant face processing, with particular interest to their amplitude variation and cortical localization. We identified neural regions responsible for the component through the application of cortical source localization methods. We found larger P1 and N290 responses to faces than objects, and these components were localized in the lingual and middle/posterior fusiform gyri, respectively. The amplitude of the P400 was not differentially sensitive to faces over objects. The Nc component was different for faces and objects, was influenced by the infant's attentional state, and localized in medial-anterior brain areas. The implications of these results are discussed in the identification of developmental ERP precursors to face processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Conte
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, United States.
| | - John E Richards
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, United States
| | - Maggie W Guy
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, United States
| | - Wanze Xie
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Jane E Roberts
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Audio-visual priming in 7-month-old infants: An ERP study. Infant Behav Dev 2020; 58:101411. [DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2019.101411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
10
|
Arslan M, Warreyn P, Dewaele N, Wiersema JR, Demurie E, Roeyers H. Development of neural responses to hearing their own name in infants at low and high risk for autism spectrum disorder. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2020; 41:100739. [PMID: 31826839 PMCID: PMC6994514 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The own name is a salient stimulus, used by others to initiate social interaction. Typically developing infants orient towards the sound of their own name and exhibit enhanced event-related potentials (ERP) at 5 months. The lack of orientation to the own name is considered to be one of the earliest signs of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this study, we investigated ERPs to hearing the own name in infants at high and low risk for ASD, at 10 and 14 months. We hypothesized that low-risk infants would exhibit enhanced frontal ERP responses to their own name compared to an unfamiliar name, while high-risk infants were expected to show attenuation or absence of this difference in their ERP responses. In contrast to expectations, we did not find enhanced ERPs to own name in the low-risk group. However, the high-risk group exhibited attenuated frontal positive-going activity to their own name compared to an unfamiliar name and compared to the low-risk group, at the age of 14 months. These results suggest that infants at high risk for ASD start to process their own name differently shortly after one year of age, a period when frontal brain development is happening at a fast rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melda Arslan
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Petra Warreyn
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nele Dewaele
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan R Wiersema
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ellen Demurie
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Herbert Roeyers
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tsurumi S, Kanazawa S, Yamaguchi MK. Infant brain activity in response to yawning using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10631. [PMID: 31337824 PMCID: PMC6650597 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47129-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Yawning is contagious in human adults. While infants do not show contagious yawning, it remains unclear whether infants perceive yawning in the same manner as other facial expressions of emotion. We addressed this problem using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and behavioural experiments. We confirmed behaviourally that infants could discriminate between yawning and unfamiliar mouth movements. Furthermore, we found that the hemodynamic response of infants to a yawning movement was greater than that to mouth movement, similarly to the observations in adult fMRI study. These results suggest that the neural mechanisms underlying yawning movement perception have developed in advance of the development of contagious yawning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuma Tsurumi
- Department of psychology, Chuo University, 742-1, Higashinakano, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0393, Japan.
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan.
| | - So Kanazawa
- Department of psychology, Japan Women's University, 1-1-1, Nishi-ikuta, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8565, Japan
| | - Masami K Yamaguchi
- Department of psychology, Chuo University, 742-1, Higashinakano, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0393, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tsurumi S, Kanazawa S, Yamaguchi MK, Kawahara JI. Rapid identification of the face in infants. J Exp Child Psychol 2019; 186:45-58. [PMID: 31195210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Our visual system can rapidly process stimuli relevant to our current behavioral goal within various irrelevant stimuli in natural scenes. This ability to detect and identify target stimuli during nontarget stimuli has been mainly studied in adults, so that the development of this high-level visual function has been unknown among infants, although it has been shown that 15-month-olds' temporal thresholds of face visibility are close to those of adults. However, we demonstrate here that infants younger than 15 months can identify a target face among nontarget but meaningful scene images. In the current study, we investigated infants' ability to detect and identify a face in a rapid serial visual presentation. Experiment 1 examined whether 5- to 8-month-olds could discriminate the difference in the presentation duration of visual streams (100 vs. 11 ms). Results showed that 7- and 8-month-olds successfully discriminated between the presentation durations. In Experiment 2, we examined whether 5- to 8-month-olds could detect the face presented for 100 ms and found that 7- and 8-month-olds could detect the face embedded in rapid serial visual streams. To further clarify the face processing at this age of infants, we tested whether infants could identify upright and inverted faces in rapid visual streams in Experiments 3a and 3b. The results showed that 7- and 8-month-olds identified upright faces, but not inverted faces, during the visual stream, which reflected face inversion effects. Overall, we suggest that the temporal speed of face processing at 7 and 8 months of age would be comparable to that of adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuma Tsurumi
- Department of Psychology, Chuo University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0393, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan.
| | - So Kanazawa
- Department of Psychology, Japan Women's University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8565, Japan
| | - Masami K Yamaguchi
- Department of Psychology, Chuo University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0393, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Kawahara
- Department of Psychology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sibling experience prevents neural tuning to adult faces in 10-month-old infants. Neuropsychologia 2019; 129:72-82. [PMID: 30922829 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Early facial experience provided by the infant's social environment is known to shape face processing abilities, which narrow during the first year of life towards adult human faces of the most frequently encountered ethnic groups. Here we explored the hypothesis that natural variability in facial input may delay neural commitment to face processing by testing the impact of early natural experience with siblings on infants' brain responses. Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) evoked by upright and inverted adult and child faces were compared in two groups of 10-month-old infants with (N = 21) and without (N = 22) a child sibling. In first-born infants, P1 ERP component showed specificity to upright adult faces that carried over to the subsequent N290 and P400 components. In infants with siblings no inversion effects were observed. Results are discussed in the context of evidence from the language domain, showing that neural commitment to phonetic contrasts emerges later in bilinguals than in monolinguals, and that this delay facilitates subsequent learning of previously unencountered sounds of new languages.
Collapse
|
14
|
Proietti V, Rigoldi M, Croci E, Macchi Cassia V. Sibling experience modulates perceptual narrowing toward adult faces in the first year of life. Dev Psychobiol 2018. [PMID: 29528119 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
During the first year of life face discrimination abilities narrow toward adult human faces of the most frequently encountered ethnic group/s. Earlier studies showed that perceptual learning under laboratory-training protocols can modulate this narrowing process. Here we investigated whether natural experience acquired in everyday settings with an older sibling's face can shape the trajectory of perceptual narrowing towards adult faces. Using an infant-controlled habituation procedure we measured discrimination of adult (Experiment 1) and child faces (Experiment 2) in 3- and 9- month-old infants with and without a child sibling. Discrimination of adult faces was observed for infants at both ages, although accompanied by posthabituation preferences in opposite directions, whereas at both ages the discrimination of child faces critically depended on sibling experience. These results provide the first evidence that natural experience acquired with siblings affects the tuning properties of infant face representation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Proietti
- Department of Psychology, Nipissing University, North Bay, Ontario, Canada.,NeuroMi, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Rigoldi
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Croci
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Viola Macchi Cassia
- NeuroMi, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy.,Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kobayashi M, Macchi Cassia V, Kanazawa S, Yamaguchi MK, Kakigi R. Perceptual narrowing towards adult faces is a cross-cultural phenomenon in infancy: a behavioral and near-infrared spectroscopy study with Japanese infants. Dev Sci 2018; 21:e12498. [PMID: 27921339 PMCID: PMC5763342 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent data showed that, in Caucasian infants, perceptual narrowing occurs for own-race adult faces between 3 and 9 months of age, possibly as a consequence of the extensive amount of social and perceptual experience accumulated with caregivers and/or other adult individuals of the same race of the caregiver. The neural correlates of this developmental process remain unexplored, and it is currently unknown whether perceptual tuning towards adult faces can be extended to other cultures. To this end, in the current study we tested the ability of 3- and 9-month-old Japanese infants to discriminate among adult and infant Asian faces in a visual familiarization task (Experiment 1), and compared 9-month-olds' cerebral hemodynamic responses to adult and infant faces as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) (Experiment 2). Results showed that 3-month-olds exhibit above-chance discrimination of adult and infant faces, whereas 9-month-olds discriminate adult faces but not infant faces (Experiment 1). Moreover, adult faces, but not infant faces, induced significant increases in hemodynamic responses in the right temporal areas of 9-month-old infants. Overall, our data suggest that perceptual narrowing towards adult faces is a cross-cultural phenomenon occurring between 3 and 9 months of age, and translates by 9 months of age into a right-hemispheric specialization in the processing of adult faces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Kobayashi
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyNational Institute for Physiological SciencesJapan
- Japan Society for Promotion of ScienceJapan
| | | | - So Kanazawa
- Department of PsychologyJapan Women's UniversityJapan
| | | | - Ryusuke Kakigi
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyNational Institute for Physiological SciencesJapan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shen IH, Lin SC, Wu YY, Chen CL. An Event-Related Potential Study on the Perception and the Recognition of Face, Facial Features, and Objects in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders. Percept Mot Skills 2016; 124:145-165. [DOI: 10.1177/0031512516681694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated whether children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) showed atypical patterns of brain specialization for face processing, whether the response to familiar and unfamiliar faces, facial features, and objects were different from typically developing children. Event-related potentials were recorded in 5- to 8-year-old children (12 children with ASD, 12 typically developing children) using passive viewing paradigm. The fastest P1 latencies to faces and the largest P1 amplitudes to objects were observed in both participant groups. Both groups exhibited larger N170 response to faces and eyes, F(3, 66) = 46.94, p < .0001). However, earlier P1 and N170 latencies were found on left hemisphere in children with ASD, respectively, F(1, 83) = 4.32, p = .04; F(1, 83) = 6.73, p = .01, indicating an atypical face processing pattern. All children showed a significant effect of familiarity for objects and mouths, F(1, 71) = 33.97, p < .0001; F(1, 71 = 15.94, p = .0002. Children with ASD revealed smaller negative central to faces relative to typically developing children. Face processing abnormalities revealed in children with ASD very likely exist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I-Hsuan Shen
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Graduate Institute of Behavioral Science, College of Medicine,Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chi Lin
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Graduate Institute of Behavioral Science, College of Medicine,Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yu Wu
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Yu-Ning Psychiatry Clinic, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Early Intervention, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Peykarjou S, Wissner J, Pauen S. Categorical ERP repetition effects for human and furniture items in 7-month-old infants. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/icd.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Wissner
- Department of Psychology; Heidelberg University; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sabina Pauen
- Department of Psychology; Heidelberg University; Heidelberg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Guy MW, Zieber N, Richards JE. The Cortical Development of Specialized Face Processing in Infancy. Child Dev 2016; 87:1581-600. [PMID: 27246260 PMCID: PMC5042801 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine specialized face processing in forty-eight 4.5- to 7.5-month-old infants by recording event-related potentials (ERPs) in response to faces and toys, and to determine the cortical sources of these signals using realistic, age-appropriate head models. All ERP components (i.e., N290, P400, Nc) showed greater amplitude during periods of attention than inattention. Amplitude was greater to faces than toys during attention at the N290, and greater to toys at the P400. Cortical source analysis revealed activity in occipital-temporal brain areas as the source of the N290, particularly the middle fusiform gyrus. The Nc and P400 were the result of activation in midline frontal and parietal, anterior temporal, and posterior temporal and occipital brain areas.
Collapse
|
19
|
Xie W, Richards JE. Effects of interstimulus intervals on behavioral, heart rate, and event-related potential indices of infant engagement and sustained attention. Psychophysiology 2016; 53:1128-42. [PMID: 27159263 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Maximizing infant attention to stimulus presentation during an EEG or ERP experiment is important for making valid inferences about the neural correlates of infant cognition. The present study examined the effects of stimulus presentation interstimulus interval (ISI) on behavioral and physiological indices of infant attention including infants' fixation to visual presentation, the amount of heart rate (HR) change during sustained attention, and ERP components. This study compared an ISI that is typically used in infant EEG/ERP studies (e.g., 1,500-2,000 ms) with two shorter durations (400-600 ms and 600-1,000 ms). Thirty-six infants were tested cross-sectionally at 3, 4.5, and 6 months. It was found that using the short (400-600 ms) and medium (600-1,000 ms) ISIs resulted in more visually fixated trials and reduced frequency of fixation disengagement per experimental block. We also found larger HR changes during sustained attention to both of the shorter ISIs compared with the long ISI, and larger ERP responses when using the medium ISI compared to using the short and long ISIs. These data suggest that utilizing an optimal ISI (e.g., 600-1,000 ms), which increases the presentation complexity and provides sufficient time for information processing, can promote infant engagement and sustained attention during stimulus presentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanze Xie
- Department of Psychology, and Institute for Mind and Brain, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - John E Richards
- Department of Psychology, and Institute for Mind and Brain, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Peykarjou S, Pauen S, Hoehl S. 9-Month-Old Infants Recognize Individual Unfamiliar Faces in a Rapid Repetition ERP Paradigm. INFANCY 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/infa.12118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
21
|
Lai PT, Reilly JS. Language and affective facial expression in children with perinatal stroke. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2015; 147:85-95. [PMID: 26117314 PMCID: PMC4520827 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Children with perinatal stroke (PS) provide a unique opportunity to understand developing brain-behavior relations. Previous research has noted distinctive differences in behavioral sequelae between children with PS and adults with acquired stroke: children fare better, presumably due to the plasticity of the developing brain for adaptive reorganization. Whereas we are beginning to understand language development, we know little about another communicative domain, emotional expression. The current study investigates the use and integration of language and facial expression during an interview. As anticipated, the language performance of the five and six year old PS group is comparable to their typically developing (TD) peers, however, their affective profiles are distinctive: those with right hemisphere injury are less expressive with respect to affective language and affective facial expression than either those with left hemisphere injury or TD group. The two distinctive profiles for language and emotional expression in these children suggest gradients of neuroplasticity in the developing brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip T Lai
- San Diego State University, United States; University of California San Diego, United States.
| | - Judy S Reilly
- San Diego State University, United States; Université de Poitiers-CNRS, France.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Libertus K, Needham A. Face preference in infancy and its relation to motor activity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0165025414535122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Infants’ preference for faces was investigated in a cross-sectional sample of 75 children, aged 3 to 11 months, and 23 adults. A visual preference paradigm was used where pairs of faces and toys were presented side-by-side while eye gaze was recorded. In addition, motor activity was assessed via parent report and the relation between motor activity and face preference was examined. Face preference scores followed an inverted U-shaped developmental trajectory with no face preference in 3-month-olds, a strong face preference in 5- and 9-month-olds, and a weaker face preference in 11-month-olds. Adults showed no reliable face preference. Motor activity was a significant predictor of face preference in 3-month-old infants, supporting the presence of motor-social connections in early infancy.
Collapse
|
23
|
Maurer D, Werker JF. Perceptual narrowing during infancy: A comparison of language and faces. Dev Psychobiol 2013; 56:154-78. [PMID: 24519366 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Maurer
- Department of Psychology; McMaster University; 1280 Main Street West Hamilton Ontario L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - Janet F. Werker
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia; 2136 West Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wagner JB, Hirsch SB, Vogel-Farley VK, Redcay E, Nelson CA. Eye-tracking, autonomic, and electrophysiological correlates of emotional face processing in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2013; 43:188-99. [PMID: 22684525 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-012-1565-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have difficulty with social-emotional cues. This study examined the neural, behavioral, and autonomic correlates of emotional face processing in adolescents with ASD and typical development (TD) using eye-tracking and event-related potentials (ERPs) across two different paradigms. Scanning of faces was similar across groups in the first task, but the second task found that face-sensitive ERPs varied with emotional expressions only in TD. Further, ASD showed enhanced neural responding to non-social stimuli. In TD only, attention to eyes during eye-tracking related to faster face-sensitive ERPs in a separate task; in ASD, a significant positive association was found between autonomic activity and attention to mouths. Overall, ASD showed an atypical pattern of emotional face processing, with reduced neural differentiation between emotions and a reduced relationship between gaze behavior and neural processing of faces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B Wagner
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, 1 Autumn Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Otsuka Y. Face recognition in infants: A review of behavioral and near-infrared spectroscopic studies. JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jpr.12024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
26
|
Hoehl S, Peykarjou S. The early development of face processing--what makes faces special? Neurosci Bull 2012; 28:765-88. [PMID: 23132679 PMCID: PMC5561817 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-012-1280-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present article we review behavioral and neurophysiological studies on face processing in adults and in early development. From the existing empirical and theoretical literature we derive three aspects that distinguish face processing from the processing of other visual object categories. Each of these aspects is discussed from a developmental perspective. First, faces are recognized and represented at the individual level rather than at the basic level. Second, humans typically acquire extensive expertise in individuating faces from early on in development. And third, more than other objects, faces are processed holistically. There is a quantitative difference in the amount of visual experience for faces and other object categories in that the amount of expertise typically acquired for faces is greater than that for other object categories. In addition, we discuss possible qualitative differences in experience for faces and objects. For instance, there is evidence for a sensitive period in infancy for building up a holistic face representation and for perceptual narrowing for faces of one's own species and race. We conclude our literature review with questions for future research, for instance, regarding the exact relationship between behavioral and neuronal markers of face processing across development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Hoehl
- Department of Psychology, University of Heidelberg, Hauptstr. 47-51 Heidelberg 69117, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ichikawa H, Tsuruhara A, Kanazawa S, Yamaguchi MK. Two- to three-month-old infants prefer moving face patterns to moving top-heavy patterns. JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-5884.2012.00540.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
28
|
Abstract
Researchers from different backgrounds have an increasing interest in investigating infant cognitive development using electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. Although EEG measurements are suitable for infants, the method poses several challenges including setting up an infant-friendly, but interference-free lab environment and designing age-appropriate stimuli and paradigms. Certain specifics of infant EEG data have to be considered when deriving event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate cognitive processes in the developing brain. The present article summarizes the practical aspects of conducting ERP research with infants and describes how researchers typically deal with the specific challenges entailed in this work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Hoehl
- Department of Psychology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Di Giorgio E, Turati C, Altoè G, Simion F. Face detection in complex visual displays: An eye-tracking study with 3- and 6-month-old infants and adults. J Exp Child Psychol 2012; 113:66-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2012.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
30
|
Reynolds GD, Guy MW. Brain–Behavior Relations in Infancy: Integrative Approaches to Examining Infant Looking Behavior and Event-Related Potentials. Dev Neuropsychol 2012; 37:210-25. [DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2011.629703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
31
|
Otsuka Y, Hill HC, Kanazawa S, Yamaguchi MK, Spehar B. Perception of Mooney faces by young infants: The role of local feature visibility, contrast polarity, and motion. J Exp Child Psychol 2012; 111:164-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2010.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
32
|
Armstrong V, Maurer D, Ellemberg D, Lewis TL. Sensitivity to first- and second-order drifting gratings in 3-month-old infants. Iperception 2011; 2:440-57. [PMID: 23145237 PMCID: PMC3485786 DOI: 10.1068/i0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In two experiments, we investigated 3-month-old infants' sensitivity to first- and second-order drifting gratings. In Experiment 1 we used forced-choice preferential looking with drifting versus stationary gratings to estimate depth modulation thresholds for 3-month-old infants and a similar task for a comparison group of adults. Thresholds for infants were more adult-like for second-order than first-order gratings. In Experiment 2, 3-month-olds dishabituated to a change in first-order orientation, but not to a change in direction of first- or second-order motion. Hence, results from Experiment 1 were likely driven by the perception of flicker rather than motion. Thus, infants' sensitivity to uniform motion is slow to develop and appears to be driven initially by flicker-sensitive mechanisms. The underlying mechanisms have more mature tuning for second-order than for first-order information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vickie Armstrong
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1; e-mail:
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Macchi Cassia V. Age biases in face processing: The effects of experience across development. Br J Psychol 2011; 102:816-29. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.2011.02046.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
34
|
Hileman CM, Henderson H, Mundy P, Newell L, Jaime M. Developmental and individual differences on the P1 and N170 ERP components in children with and without autism. Dev Neuropsychol 2011; 36:214-36. [PMID: 21347922 DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2010.549870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The P1 and N170 components, two event-related potentials sensitive to face processing, were examined in response to faces and vehicles for children with autism and typical development. P1 amplitude decreased, P1 latency decreased, and N170 amplitude became more negative with age. Children with typical development had larger P1 amplitudes for inverted faces than upright faces, but children with autism did not show this pattern. Children with autism had longer N170 latencies than children with typical development. Smaller P1 amplitudes and more negative N170 amplitudes for upright faces were associated with better social skills for children with typical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla M Hileman
- M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Simion F, Di Giorgio E, Leo I, Bardi L. The processing of social stimuli in early infancy. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2011; 189:173-93. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-53884-0.00024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
36
|
Slater A, Quinn PC, Kelly DJ, Lee K, Longmore CA, McDonald PR, Pascalis O. The Shaping of the Face Space in Early Infancy: Becoming a Native Face Processor. CHILD DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES 2010; 4:205-211. [PMID: 21562620 PMCID: PMC3090162 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-8606.2010.00147.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Face perception remains one of the most intensively researched areas in psychology and allied disciplines, and there has been much debate regarding the early origins and experiential determinants of face processing. This article reviews studies, the majority of which have appeared in the past decade, that discuss possible mechanisms underlying face perception at birth and document the prominent role of experience in shaping infants' face-processing abilities. In the first months of life, infants develop a preference for female and own-race faces and become better able to recognize and categorize own-race and own-species faces. This perceptual narrowing and shaping of the "face space" forms a foundation for later face expertise in childhood and adulthood and testifies to the remarkable plasticity of the developing visual system.
Collapse
|
37
|
Ichikawa H, Kanazawa S, Yamaguchi MK, Kakigi R. Infant brain activity while viewing facial movement of point-light displays as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Neurosci Lett 2010; 482:90-4. [PMID: 20609380 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2010] [Revised: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Adult observers can quickly identify specific actions performed by an invisible actor from the points of lights attached to the actor's head and major joints. Infants are also sensitive to biological motion and prefer to see it depicted by a dynamic point-light display. In detecting biological motion such as whole body and facial movements, neuroimaging studies have demonstrated the involvement of the occipitotemporal cortex, including the superior temporal sulcus (STS). In the present study, we used the point-light display technique and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to examine infant brain activity while viewing facial biological motion depicted in a point-light display. Dynamic facial point-light displays (PLD) were made from video recordings of three actors making a facial expression of surprise in a dark room. As in Bassili's study, about 80 luminous markers were scattered over the surface of the actor's faces. In the experiment, we measured infant's hemodynamic responses to these displays using NIRS. We hypothesized that infants would show different neural activity for upright and inverted PLD. The responses were compared to the baseline activation during the presentation of individual still images, which were frames extracted from the dynamic PLD. We found that the concentration of oxy-Hb increased in the right temporal area during the presentation of the upright PLD compared to that of the baseline period. This is the first study to demonstrate that infant's brain activity in face processing is induced only by the motion cue of facial movement depicted by dynamic PLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Ichikawa
- Research and Development Initiative, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Balas BJ, Nelson CA, Westerlund A, Vogel-Farley V, Riggins T, Kuefner D. Personal familiarity influences the processing of upright and inverted faces in infants. Front Hum Neurosci 2010; 4:1. [PMID: 20204154 PMCID: PMC2831707 DOI: 10.3389/neuro.09.001.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infant face processing becomes more selective during the first year of life as a function of varying experience with distinct face categories defined by species, race, and age. Given that any individual face belongs to many such categories (e.g. A young Caucasian man's face) we asked how the neural selectivity for one aspect of facial appearance was affected by category membership along another dimension of variability. 6-month-old infants were shown upright and inverted pictures of either their own mother or a stranger while event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. We found that the amplitude of the P400 (a face-sensitive ERP component) was only sensitive to the orientation of the mother's face, suggesting that "tuning" of the neural response to faces is realized jointly across multiple dimensions of face appearance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Balas
- Children's Hospital BostonBoston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Charles A. Nelson
- Children's Hospital BostonBoston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Tracy Riggins
- Department of Psychology, University of MarylandCollege Park, MD, USA
| | - Dana Kuefner
- Universite Catholique de LouvainLouvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Parise E, Handl A, Striano T. Processing faces in dyadic and triadic contexts. Neuropsychologia 2010; 48:518-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Revised: 09/06/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
40
|
How do infants perceive scrambled face?: A near-infrared spectroscopic study. Brain Res 2009; 1308:137-46. [PMID: 19874803 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2008] [Revised: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), we recorded changes of oxy-Hb, deoxy-Hb, and total-Hb in 7- to 8-month-old infants' and adults' brains in response to canonical face and scrambled face stimuli. Using a newly developed probe for NIRS recording, which was light and soft enough to be tolerated by infants, we were able to acquire data from the very young even in the awake state. Total-Hb in response to a canonical face stimulus was greater than for scrambled face stimuli only in the right hemisphere in infants. This indicates the presence of right hemisphere dominance of brain activity in response to face images in 7- to 8-month-old infants. In adults, oxy-Hb and total-Hb were significantly increased from baseline only for the canonical face in the right hemisphere. There were greater numbers of channels showing significantly increased activity for the canonical face in the right than in the left hemisphere. These data indicate that the right hemisphere is more dominant for canonical face perception in both infants and adults. However, overall, the increase of total-Hb and oxy-Hb in adults was modest compared to infants. Although the reason for the difference between infants and adults is unclear, in addition to developmental changes influencing face perception, some methodological problems may be present. Thus, because we recorded NIRS signals in infants and adults using the same method, anatomical and physiological problems might affect the results to some degree. Although comparing the results between infants and adults is not simple, the present study is the first to indicate how 7- to 8-month-old infants perceive scrambled face stimuli and to compare such results with those of adults in order to understand developmental changes in face perception.
Collapse
|
41
|
Strathearn L. The elusive etiology of autism: nature and nurture? Front Behav Neurosci 2009; 3:11. [PMID: 19649166 PMCID: PMC2718778 DOI: 10.3389/neuro.08.011.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lane Strathearn
- The Meyer Center for Developmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's Hospital Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Key APF, Stone W, Williams SM. What do infants see in faces? ERP evidence of different roles of eyes and mouth for face perception in 9-month-old infants. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2009; 18:149-162. [PMID: 26052254 PMCID: PMC4454416 DOI: 10.1002/icd.600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The study examined whether face-specific perceptual brain mechanisms in 9-month-old infants are differentially sensitive to changes in individual facial features (eyes vs. mouth) and whether sensitivity to such changes is related to infants' social and communicative skills. Infants viewed photographs of a smiling unfamiliar female face. On 30% of the trials, either the eyes or the mouth of that face were replaced by corresponding parts from a different female. Visual event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded to examine face-sensitive brain responses. Results revealed that increased competence in expressive communication and interpersonal relationships was associated with a more mature response to faces, as reflected in a larger occipito-temporal N290 with shorter latency. Both eye and mouth changes were detected, though infants derived different information from these features. Eye changes had a greater impact on the face perception mechanisms and were not correlated with social or communication development, whereas mouth changes had a minimal impact on face processing but were associated with levels of language and communication understanding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra P F Key
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development ; Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences
| | - Wendy Stone
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development ; Department of Pediatrics
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
|
44
|
Jeste SS, Nelson CA. Event related potentials in the understanding of autism spectrum disorders: an analytical review. J Autism Dev Disord 2008. [PMID: 18850262 DOI: 10.1007/s10803‐008‐0652‐9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we critically review the literature on the use of event related potentials (ERPs) to elucidate the neural sources of the core deficits in autism. We review auditory and visual ERP studies, and then review the use of ERPs in the investigation of executive function. We conclude that, in autism, impairments likely exist in both low and higher level auditory and visual processing, with prominent impairments in the processing of social stimuli. We also discuss the putative neural circuitry underlying these deficits. As we look to the future, we posit that tremendous insight can be gained by applying ERPs to the definition of endophenotypes, which, in turn, can facilitate early diagnosis and the creation of informed interventions for children with autism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shafali S Jeste
- Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Jeste SS, Nelson CA. Event related potentials in the understanding of autism spectrum disorders: an analytical review. J Autism Dev Disord 2008; 39:495-510. [PMID: 18850262 PMCID: PMC4422389 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-008-0652-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Accepted: 09/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we critically review the literature on the use of event related potentials (ERPs) to elucidate the neural sources of the core deficits in autism. We review auditory and visual ERP studies, and then review the use of ERPs in the investigation of executive function. We conclude that, in autism, impairments likely exist in both low and higher level auditory and visual processing, with prominent impairments in the processing of social stimuli. We also discuss the putative neural circuitry underlying these deficits. As we look to the future, we posit that tremendous insight can be gained by applying ERPs to the definition of endophenotypes, which, in turn, can facilitate early diagnosis and the creation of informed interventions for children with autism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shafali S Jeste
- Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|