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Spagna A, Heidenry Z, Miselevich M, Lambert C, Eisenstadt BE, Tremblay L, Liu Z, Liu J, Bartolomeo P. Visual mental imagery: Evidence for a heterarchical neural architecture. Phys Life Rev 2024; 48:113-131. [PMID: 38217888 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Theories of Visual Mental Imagery (VMI) emphasize the processes of retrieval, modification, and recombination of sensory information from long-term memory. Yet, only few studies have focused on the behavioral mechanisms and neural correlates supporting VMI of stimuli from different semantic domains. Therefore, we currently have a limited understanding of how the brain generates and maintains mental representations of colors, faces, shapes - to name a few. Such an undetermined scenario renders unclear the organizational structure of neural circuits supporting VMI, including the role of the early visual cortex. We aimed to fill this gap by reviewing the scientific literature of five semantic domains: visuospatial, face, colors, shapes, and letters imagery. Linking theory to evidence from over 60 different experimental designs, this review highlights three main points. First, there is no consistent activity in the early visual cortex across all VMI domains, contrary to the prediction of the dominant model. Second, there is consistent activity of the frontoparietal networks and the left hemisphere's fusiform gyrus during voluntary VMI irrespective of the semantic domain investigated. We propose that these structures are part of a domain-general VMI sub-network. Third, domain-specific information engages specific regions of the ventral and dorsal cortical visual pathways. These regions partly overlap with those found in visual perception studies (e.g., fusiform face area for faces imagery; lingual gyrus for color imagery). Altogether, the reviewed evidence suggests the existence of domain-general and domain-specific mechanisms of VMI selectively engaged by stimulus-specific properties (e.g., colors or faces). These mechanisms would be supported by an organizational structure mixing vertical and horizontal connections (heterarchy) between sub-networks for specific stimulus domains. Such a heterarchical organization of VMI makes different predictions from current models of VMI as reversed perception. Our conclusions set the stage for future research, which should aim to characterize the spatiotemporal dynamics and interactions among key regions of this architecture giving rise to visual mental images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Spagna
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University in the City of New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| | - Zoe Heidenry
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University in the City of New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | | | - Chloe Lambert
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University in the City of New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | | | - Laura Tremblay
- Department of Psychology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California; Department of Neurology, VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, California
| | - Zixin Liu
- Department of Human Development, Teachers College, Columbia University, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Jianghao Liu
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris 10027, France; Dassault Systèmes, Vélizy-Villacoublay, France
| | - Paolo Bartolomeo
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris 10027, France
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2
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Magnani B, Frassinetti F, Franceschini C, Dimaggio G, Musetti A. Right-deviating prismatic adaptation reduces obsessions in a community sample. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1025379. [PMID: 36619054 PMCID: PMC9811126 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1025379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Patients with obsessive-compulsive (OC) disorder are impaired in disengaging attention from negative valence stimuli and show an attentional bias toward the right space. This pattern in OC disorder is similar to the impaired disengagement of attention from stimuli in the ipsilesional space as a consequence of a right-hemispheric cerebral lesion in patients with neglect, suggesting a right hemispheric dysfunction in patients with OC disorder. The attentional impairment in patients with neglect is reduced by a visuomotor procedure, such as prismatic adaptation (PA) with right-deviating lenses. Thus, here, we explored whether right-deviating PA is also effective in reducing OC psychological symptoms. Methods Participants with a high rate of OC symptoms completed self-report measures of such symptoms before and after right- or left-deviating PA. Results Right-deviating PA, and not left-deviating PA, reduced OC symptoms more prominently on obsessions than compulsions. Conclusion Results support the idea that right-deviating PA might be considered an effective technique to modulate OC symptoms. This has implications for theories about the underlying mechanisms of OC symptoms and the consideration of PA as a complementary procedure to psychological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Magnani
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, University of Parma, Parma, Italy,*Correspondence: Barbara Magnani,
| | - Francesca Frassinetti
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Unit of Recovery and Functional Rehabilitation, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Institute of Castel Goffredo, Mantua, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessandro Musetti
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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3
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The connectional anatomy of visual mental imagery: evidence from a patient with left occipito-temporal damage. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:3075-3083. [PMID: 35622159 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02505-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Most of us can use our "mind's eye" to mentally visualize things that are not in our direct line of sight, an ability known as visual mental imagery. Extensive left temporal damage can impair patients' visual mental imagery experience, but the critical locus of lesion is unknown. Our recent meta-analysis of 27 fMRI studies of visual mental imagery highlighted a well-delimited region in the left lateral midfusiform gyrus, which was consistently activated during visual mental imagery, and which we called the Fusiform Imagery Node (FIN). Here, we describe the connectional anatomy of FIN in neurotypical participants and in RDS, a right-handed patient with an extensive occipito-temporal stroke in the left hemisphere. The stroke provoked right homonymous hemianopia, alexia without agraphia, and color anomia. Despite these deficits, RDS had normal subjective experience of visual mental imagery and reasonably preserved behavioral performance on tests of visual mental imagery of object shape, object color, letters, faces, and spatial relationships. We found that the FIN was spared by the lesion. We then assessed the connectional anatomy of the FIN in the MNI space and in the patient's native space, by visualizing the fibers of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF) and of the arcuate fasciculus (AF) passing through the FIN. In both spaces, the ILF connected the FIN with the anterior temporal lobe, and the AF linked it with frontal regions. Our evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that the FIN is a node of a brain network dedicated to voluntary visual mental imagery. The FIN could act as a bridge between visual information and semantic knowledge processed in the anterior temporal lobe and in the language circuits.
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Abstract
What are mental images needed for? A variety of everyday situations calls for us to plan ahead; one of the clever ways our mind prepares and strategizes our next move is through mental simulation. A powerful tool in running these simulations is visual mental imagery, which can be conceived as a way to activate and maintain an internal representation of the to-be-imagined object, giving rise to predictions. Therefore, under normal conditions imagination is primarily an endogenous process, and only more rarely can mental images be activated exogenously, for example, by means of intracerebral stimulation. A large debate is still ongoing regarding the neural substrates supporting mental imagery, with the neuropsychological and neuroimaging literature agreeing in some cases, but not others. This chapter reviews the neuroscientific literature on mental imagery, and attempts to reappraise the neuropsychological and neuroimaging evidence by drawing a model of mental imagery informed by both structural and functional brain data. Overall, the role of regions in the ventral temporal cortex, especially of the left hemisphere, stands out unequivocally as a key substrate in mental imagery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Spagna
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States.
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5
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Williams LJ, Kernot J, Hillier SL, Loetscher T. Spatial Neglect Subtypes, Definitions and Assessment Tools: A Scoping Review. Front Neurol 2021; 12:742365. [PMID: 34899565 PMCID: PMC8653914 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.742365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this scoping review was to capture the reported definitions for the subtypes of neglect post stroke and map the range of assessment tools employed for each neglect subtype. Methods: EMBASE, Emcare, Medline, and psychINFO were searched from database inception. Searching included all allied terms and mesh headings for stroke, spatial neglect, measurement, screening tools, psychometric properties. Two reviewers independently screened studies for inclusion. Primary studies with documented protocols of a spatial neglect tool for adults post stroke, with some aspect of validity or reliability were included. Two reviewers independently reviewed the documented protocols of each tool to determine the underlying subtypes and disagreements were resolved through discussion. Results: There were 371 articles included with 292 tools used for the screening or diagnosis of neglect. The majority of studies (67%) included a tool that did not specify the neglect subtype being assessed, therefore an analysis of the underlying subtypes for each tool is presented. Conclusions: There is no consistency with the terms used to refer to the syndrome of spatial neglect with over 200 different terms used within the included studies to refer to the syndrome as a whole or one of its subtypes. It is essential to unify the terminology and definition for each neglect subtype. There are hundreds of neglect tools available, however many are not able to differentiate presenting subtypes. It is important for clinicians and researchers to critically evaluate the neglect tools being used for the screening and diagnosis of neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindy J Williams
- Cognitive Aging and Impairment Neurosciences Lab, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Innovation IMPlementation and Clinical Translation (IIMPACT) in Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jocelyn Kernot
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Susan L Hillier
- Innovation IMPlementation and Clinical Translation (IIMPACT) in Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Tobias Loetscher
- Cognitive Aging and Impairment Neurosciences Lab, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Justice and Society, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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6
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Bartolomeo P. From competition to cooperation: Visual neglect across the hemispheres. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2021; 177:1104-1111. [PMID: 34561121 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2021.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Visuospatial neglect is a frequent and disabling consequence of injuries to the right hemisphere. Patients with neglect show signs of impaired attention for left-sided events, which depends on dysfunction of fronto-parietal networks. After unilateral injury, such as stroke, these networks and their contralateral homologs can reorganize following multiple potential trajectories, which can be either adaptive or maladaptive. This article presents possible factors influencing the profile of evolution of neglect towards recovery or chronicity, and highlights potential mechanisms that may constrain these processes in time and space. The integrity of white matter pathways within and between the hemisphere appears to pose crucial connectivity constraints for compensatory brain plasticity from remote brain regions. Specifically, the availability of a sufficient degree of inter-hemispheric connectivity might be critical to shift the role of the undamaged left hemisphere in spatial neglect, from exerting maladaptive effects, to promoting compensatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bartolomeo
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP, hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France.
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7
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Moreh E, Zohary E, Orlov T. The presence of semantic content in a visual recognition memory task reduces the severity of neglect. Neuropsychologia 2021; 157:107860. [PMID: 33901565 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Patients with right hemisphere damage often show a lateral bias when asked to report the left side of mental images held in visual working memory (i.e. representational neglect). The neural basis of representational neglect is not well understood. One hypothesis suggests that it reflects a deficit in attentional-exploratory mechanisms, i.e. an inability to direct attention to the left side of the image. Another proposition states that intact visual working memory (VWM) is necessary for correctly creating a mental image. Here we examined two components of VWM in patients with unilateral spatial neglect (USN): memory for identity, and memory for spatial position. We manipulated the strength of memory representations by presenting two distinct categories of objects, in separate blocks. These were familiar namable objects (fruits, etc.), and unfamiliar abstract objects. The former category elicits stronger working-memory traces, thanks to preexisting visual and semantic representations in long-term memory. We hypothesized that if USN patients show a lateralized deficit in VWM, it should be more pronounced for abstract objects, due to their weaker working-memory traces. Importantly, to isolate a spatially lateralized deficit in memory from a failure to fully perceive the object-arrays, we ensured that all included patients perceived every item during the encoding phase. We used a working-memory task: participants viewed object arrays and had to memorize items' identities and spatial positions. Then, single objects were presented requiring 'old/new' recognition, and retrieval of 'old' items' original positions. Our results show a lateral bias in patients' recognition-memory performance. Remarkably, it was threefold milder for namable objects compared to abstract objects. We conclude that VWM lateralized deficit is substantial in USN patients and could play a role in representational neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elior Moreh
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel; Neurobiology Department, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel.
| | - Ehud Zohary
- Neurobiology Department, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel; The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Tanya Orlov
- Neurobiology Department, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel; The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
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8
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Hemispheric asymmetries in visual mental imagery. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 227:697-708. [PMID: 33885966 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02277-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Visual mental imagery is the faculty whereby we can "visualize" objects that are not in our line of sight. Longstanding evidence dating back over thirty years has shown that unilateral brain lesions, especially in the left temporal lobe, can impair aspects of this ability. Yet, there is currently no attempt to identify analogies between these neuropsychological findings of hemispheric asymmetry and those from other neuroscientific approaches. Here, we present a critical review of the available literature on the hemispheric laterality of visual mental imagery, by looking at cross-method patterns of evidence in the domains of lesion neuropsychology, neuroimaging, and direct cortical stimulation. Results can be summarized under three main axes. First, frontoparietal networks in both hemispheres appear to be associated with visual mental imagery. Second, lateralization patterns emerge in the temporal lobes, with the left inferior temporal lobe being the most common finding in the literature for endogenously generated images, especially, but not exclusively, when orthographic material is used to ignite imagery. Third, an opposite pattern of hemispheric laterality emerges when visual mental images are induced by exogenous stimulation; direct cortical electrical stimulation tends to produce visual imagery experiences predominantly when applied to the right temporal lobe. These patterns of hemispheric asymmetry are difficult to reconcile with the dominant model of visual mental imagery, which emphasizes the implication of early sensory cortices. They suggest instead that visual mental imagery relies on large-scale brain networks, with a crucial participation of high-level visual regions in the temporal lobes.
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9
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Spagna A, Hajhajate D, Liu J, Bartolomeo P. Visual mental imagery engages the left fusiform gyrus, but not the early visual cortex: A meta-analysis of neuroimaging evidence. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 122:201-217. [PMID: 33422567 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The dominant neural model of visual mental imagery (VMI) stipulates that memories from the medial temporal lobe acquire sensory features in early visual areas. However, neurological patients with damage restricted to the occipital cortex typically show perfectly vivid VMI, while more anterior damages extending into the temporal lobe, especially in the left hemisphere, often cause VMI impairments. Here we present two major results reconciling neuroimaging findings in neurotypical subjects with the performance of brain-damaged patients: (1) A large-scale meta-analysis of 46 fMRI studies, of which 27 investigated specifically visual mental imagery, revealed that VMI engages fronto-parietal networks and a well-delimited region in the left fusiform gyrus. (2) A Bayesian analysis showed no evidence for imagery-related activity in early visual cortices. We propose a revised neural model of VMI that draws inspiration from recent cytoarchitectonic and lesion studies, whereby fronto-parietal networks initiate, modulate, and maintain activity in a core temporal network centered on the fusiform imagery node, a high-level visual region in the left fusiform gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Spagna
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University in the City of New York, NY, 10027, USA; Sorbonne Université, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Dounia Hajhajate
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Jianghao Liu
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013, Paris, France; Dassault Systèmes, Vélizy-Villacoublay, France
| | - Paolo Bartolomeo
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013, Paris, France.
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10
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Caloric Vestibular Stimulation Reduces the DirectionalBias in Representational Neglect. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10060323. [PMID: 32466608 PMCID: PMC7348904 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10060323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Caloric vestibular stimulation (CVS) can temporarily reduce visuospatial neglect and related symptoms. The present study examined the effect of CVS on representational neglect during free exploration of the map of France. We asked patients to name cities they could mentally “see” on the map of France, without giving them any directional instructions related to the left or right sides of the map. In right brain damaged patients with left visuospatial neglect, the mental representation of the map was asymmetrical (favoring the right side). After stimulation, neglect patients named more towns on the left side of the map, leading to a significant reduction in map representation asymmetry. Our findings are consistent with previous studies on visuospatial neglect and are in favor of a central effect of vestibular stimulation on mechanisms involved in space representation.
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11
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Di Marco J, Lunven M, Revol P, Christophe L, Jacquin-Courtois S, Vallar G, Rode G. Regression of left hyperschematia after prism adaptation: A single case study. Cortex 2019; 119:128-140. [PMID: 31125738 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Prism adaptation (PA) is a promising treatment in the rehabilitation of post-stroke cognitive disorders such as unilateral spatial neglect or constructional deficits. Right brain damage can bring about another representational spatial disorder, termed «hyperschematia», and defined by a left-sided disproportionate expansion of drawings by copy and from memory, and by an overestimation of left lateral extent when a leftward movement is required. This case study aimed at evaluating the effect of PA induced by prismatic lenses creating a shift to the left on hyperschematia signs. A 63-year-old woman with left hyperschematia, consecutive to a right fronto-temporo-parietal hematoma, was exposed to a leftward optical deviation produced by prismatic lenses. An anatomical MRI studied topography of the brain lesion; the patient's lesion was then mapped onto tractography reconstructions of white matter pathways. Results showed that PA significantly reduced the left-sided expansion of drawing by copy and from memory, and the overestimation of left lateral extent, immediately after prism removal and 4 days later, indicating a persistent long lasting cognitive effect. MRI showed a right hemisphere disconnection of the posterior and long segments of the arcuate fasciculus, and of the inferior longitudinal and fronto-occipital fasciculi. Overall, these findings suggest that: i) PA is effective also in hyperschematia by re-orientating spatial attention towards the right side of space, with a relative rightward PA-induced unbalance, and re-setting the spatial representation to the left side of space, contralateral to the side of the lesion; ii) the left misrepresentation of lateral extent may be related to a disconnection between visual coordinates and attentional networks to the frontal lobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Di Marco
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Equipe ImpAct, Bron Cedex, France; Service de médecine physique et réadaptation, hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Saint Genis Laval, France
| | - Marine Lunven
- Laboratoire de Neuropsychologie Interventionnelle, Département d'études Cognitives, ENS, PSL Research University, UPEC, Université Paris-Est, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Patrice Revol
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Equipe ImpAct, Bron Cedex, France; Service de médecine physique et réadaptation, hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Saint Genis Laval, France
| | - Laure Christophe
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Equipe ImpAct, Bron Cedex, France; Service de médecine physique et réadaptation, hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Saint Genis Laval, France
| | - Sophie Jacquin-Courtois
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Equipe ImpAct, Bron Cedex, France; Service de médecine physique et réadaptation, hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Saint Genis Laval, France
| | - Giuseppe Vallar
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università degli studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Neuropsychological Laboratory, Milano, Italy
| | - Gilles Rode
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Equipe ImpAct, Bron Cedex, France; Service de médecine physique et réadaptation, hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Saint Genis Laval, France.
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12
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Boccia M, Sulpizio V, Teghil A, Palermo L, Piccardi L, Galati G, Guariglia C. The dynamic contribution of the high-level visual cortex to imagery and perception. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:2449-2463. [PMID: 30702203 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental imagery and visual perception rely on the same content-dependent brain areas in the high-level visual cortex (HVC). However, little is known about dynamic mechanisms in these areas during imagery and perception. Here we disentangled local and inter-regional dynamic mechanisms underlying imagery and perception in the HVC and the hippocampus (HC), a key region for memory retrieval during imagery. Nineteen healthy participants watched or imagined a familiar scene or face during fMRI acquisition. The neural code for familiar landmarks and faces was distributed across the HVC and the HC, although with a different representational structure, and generalized across imagery and perception. However, different regional adaptation effects and inter-regional functional couplings were detected for faces and landmarks during imagery and perception. The left PPA showed opposite adaptation effects, with activity suppression following repeated observation of landmarks, but enhancement following repeated imagery of landmarks. Also, functional coupling between content-dependent brain areas of the HVC and HC changed as a function of task and content. These findings provide important information about the dynamic networks underlying imagery and perception in the HVC and shed some light upon the thin line between imagery and perception which has characterized the neuropsychological debates on mental imagery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Boccia
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Sulpizio
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alice Teghil
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,PhD Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Liana Palermo
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Laura Piccardi
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, L'Aquila University, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Gaspare Galati
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Guariglia
- Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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13
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The way to “left” Piazza del Popolo: damage to white matter tracts in representational neglect for places. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 12:1720-1729. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9839-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Prismatic Adaptation Modulates Oscillatory EEG Correlates of Motor Preparation but Not Visual Attention in Healthy Participants. J Neurosci 2017; 38:1189-1201. [PMID: 29255004 PMCID: PMC5792477 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1422-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prismatic adaption (PA) has been proposed as a tool to induce neural plasticity and is used to help neglect rehabilitation. It leads to a recalibration of visuomotor coordination during pointing as well as to aftereffects on a number of sensorimotor and attention tasks, but whether these effects originate at a motor or attentional level remains a matter of debate. Our aim was to further characterize PA aftereffects by using an approach that allows distinguishing between effects on attentional and motor processes. We recorded EEG in healthy human participants (9 females and 7 males) while performing a new double step, anticipatory attention/motor preparation paradigm before and after adaptation to rightward-shifting prisms, with neutral lenses as a control. We then examined PA aftereffects through changes in known oscillatory EEG signatures of spatial attention orienting and motor preparation in the alpha and beta frequency bands. Our results were twofold. First, we found PA to rightward-shifting prisms to selectively affect EEG signatures of motor but not attentional processes. More specifically, PA modulated preparatory motor EEG activity over central electrodes in the right hemisphere, contralateral to the PA-induced, compensatory leftward shift in pointing movements. No effects were found on EEG signatures of spatial attention orienting over occipitoparietal sites. Second, we found the PA effect on preparatory motor EEG activity to dominate in the beta frequency band. We conclude that changes to intentional visuomotor, rather than attentional visuospatial, processes underlie the PA aftereffect of rightward-deviating prisms in healthy participants. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Prismatic adaptation (PA) has been proposed as a tool to induce neural plasticity in both healthy participants and patients, due to its aftereffect impacting on a number of visuospatial and visuomotor functions. However, the neural mechanisms underlying PA aftereffects are poorly understood as only little neuroimaging evidence is available. Here, we examined, for the first time, the origin of PA aftereffects studying oscillatory brain activity. Our results show a selective modulation of preparatory motor activity following PA in healthy participants but no effect on attention-related activity. This provides novel insight into the PA aftereffect in the healthy brain and may help to inform interventions in neglect patients.
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Glize B, Lunven M, Rossetti Y, Revol P, Jacquin-Courtois S, Klinger E, Joseph PA, Rode G. Improvement of Navigation and Representation in Virtual Reality after Prism Adaptation in Neglect Patients. Front Psychol 2017; 8:2019. [PMID: 29209253 PMCID: PMC5701812 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prism adaptation (PA) is responsible for an expansion of sensori-motor after-effects to cognitive domains for patients with spatial neglect. One important question is whether the cognitive after-effects induced by PA may also concern higher aspects of spatial cognition, such as navigation and topographic memory, which are critical in everyday life. The aim of this study was to assess whether multiple sessions of right PA can affect navigation and topographic memory. Seven right brain-damaged (RBD) patients with chronic neglect were included. We used a virtual supermarket named VAP-S which is an original paradigm, similar to the "shopping list test" during which patients had to purchase items from a list of eight products. Furthermore, in order to assess generalization of PA effects on constructing a spatial map from virtual information, each participant was then asked to draw the map of the virtual supermarket from memory. Regarding navigation performance, significant results were obtained: session duration reduction, fewer numbers of pauses and omissions, more items purchased on the left side and more items purchased over all. A long-lasting effect was noted, up to one month after PA. The representational task performance was also significantly increased for map drawing, with a reduction of the right shift of the symmetry axis of the map, more items drawn on the left side of maps and over all, and more items correctly located on the map. Some of these effects lasted for at least 7 days. These results suggest an expansion of PA benefit to a virtual environment. Crucially, the cognitive benefits induced by PA were noted for complex spatial cognition tasks required in everyday life such as navigation and topographic memory and this improvement was maintained for up to 1 month.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Glize
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, ImpAct Team, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1028, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,EA4136, Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, CHU de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marine Lunven
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, ImpAct Team, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1028, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1127, UPMC-Paris 6, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière ICM, Paris, France
| | - Yves Rossetti
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, ImpAct Team, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1028, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Patrice Revol
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, ImpAct Team, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1028, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Jacquin-Courtois
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, ImpAct Team, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1028, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Evelyne Klinger
- ESIEA, Digital Interactions Health and Disability, Laval, France.,Institut Fédératif de Recherche sur le HANDICAP, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Alain Joseph
- EA4136, Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, CHU de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Institut Fédératif de Recherche sur le HANDICAP, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Rode
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, ImpAct Team, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1028, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Institut Fédératif de Recherche sur le HANDICAP, Paris, France
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Complexity vs. unity in unilateral spatial neglect. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2017; 173:440-450. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Lunven M, Bartolomeo P. Attention and spatial cognition: Neural and anatomical substrates of visual neglect. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2017; 60:124-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Allart E, Delval A, Caux-Dedeystere A, Labreuche J, Viard R, Lopes R, Devanne H. Parietomotor connectivity in the contralesional hemisphere after stroke: A paired-pulse TMS study. Clin Neurophysiol 2017; 128:707-715. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Clarke S, Crottaz-Herbette S. Modulation of visual attention by prismatic adaptation. Neuropsychologia 2016; 92:31-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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20
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Fourtassi M, Rode G, Tilikete C, Pisella L. Spontaneous ocular positioning during visual imagery in patients with hemianopia and/or hemineglect. Neuropsychologia 2016; 86:141-52. [PMID: 27129436 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous eye movements during imagery are not random and can be used to study and reveal mental visualization processes (Fourtassi et al., 2013; Johansson et al. 2006). For example, we previously showed that during memory recall of French towns via imagery healthy individuals looks straight ahead when recalling Paris and their subsequent gaze positions are significantly correlated with the real GPS coordinates of the recalled towns. This correlation suggests that memory retrieval is done via depictive representations as it is never found when the towns are recalled using verbal fluency. In the present paper we added to this finding by showing that the mental image is spontaneously centered on the head or body midline. In order to investigate the capacities of visual imagery in patients, and by extension, the role of primary visual cortex and fronto-parietal cortex in spatial visual imagery, we recorded gaze positions during memory recall of French towns in an imagery task, a non-imagery task (verbal fluency), and a visually-guided task in five patients with left or right hemianopia and in four patients with hemineglect (two with left hemianopia and two without). The correlation between gaze position and real GPS coordinates of the recalled towns was significant in all hemianopic patients, but in patients with hemineglect this was only the case for towns located on the right half of the map of France. This suggests hemianopic patients can perform spatially consistent mental imagery despite direct or indirect unilateral lesions of the primary visual cortex. In contrast, the left-sided towns recalled by hemineglect patients, revealed that they have some spatial inconsistency or representational difficulty. Hemianopic patients positioned and maintained their gaze in their contralesional hemispace, suggesting that their mental map was not centered on their head or body midline. This contralesional gaze positioning appeared to be a general compensation strategy and was not observed in patients with neglect (with or without hemianopia). Instead, neglect patients positioned their gaze in their ipsilesional hemispace and only when performing the visual imagery task. These findings are discussed in the context of the role of occipital and fronto-parietal cortices in the neuroanatomical model of visual imagery developed by Kosslyn et al. (2006).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Fourtassi
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct, 16 Avenue du Doyen Lépine, 69676 Bron cedex, France; Université Mohamed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Gilles Rode
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct, 16 Avenue du Doyen Lépine, 69676 Bron cedex, France; Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, Mouvement et Handicap, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Caroline Tilikete
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct, 16 Avenue du Doyen Lépine, 69676 Bron cedex, France; Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Unité de Neuro-ophtalmologie, Hôpital Neurologique, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Laure Pisella
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct, 16 Avenue du Doyen Lépine, 69676 Bron cedex, France; Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
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21
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Semiology of neglect: An update. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2016; 60:177-185. [PMID: 27103056 DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hemispatial neglect is a common disabling condition following brain damage to the right hemisphere. Generally, it involves behavioral bias directed ipsilaterally to the damaged hemisphere and loss of spatial awareness for the contralesional side. In this syndrome, several clinical subtypes were identified. The objective of this article is to provide a nosological analysis of the recent data from the literature on the different subtypes of neglect (visual, auditory, somatosensory, motor, egocentric, allocentric and representational neglect), associated ipsilesional and contralesional productive manifestations and their anatomical lesion correlates. These different anatomical-clinical subtypes can be associated or dissociated. They reflect the heterogeneity of this unilateral neglect syndrome that cannot be approached or interpreted in a single manner. We propose that these subtypes result from different underlying deficits: exogenous attentional deficit (visual, auditory neglect); representational deficit (personal neglect, representational neglect, hyperschematia); shift of the egocentric reference frame (egocentric neglect); attentional deficit between objects and within objects (allocentric neglect), endogenous attentional deficit (representational neglect) and transsaccadic working memory or spatial remapping deficit (ipsilesional productive manifestations). Taking into account the different facets of the unilateral neglect syndrome should promote the development of more targeted cognitive rehabilitation protocols.
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Wansard M, Meulemans T, Geurten M. Shedding new light on representational neglect: The importance of dissociating visual and spatial components. Neuropsychologia 2016; 84:150-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Committeri G, Piccardi L, Galati G, Guariglia C. Where did you “left” Piazza del Popolo? At your “right” temporo-parietal junction. Cortex 2015; 73:106-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lunven M, Thiebaut De Schotten M, Bourlon C, Duret C, Migliaccio R, Rode G, Bartolomeo P. White matter lesional predictors of chronic visual neglect: a longitudinal study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 138:746-60. [PMID: 25609686 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic visual neglect prevents brain-damaged patients from returning to an independent and active life. Detecting predictors of persistent neglect as early as possible after the stroke is therefore crucial to plan the relevant interventions. Neglect signs do not only depend on focal brain lesions, but also on dysfunction of large-scale brain networks connected by white matter bundles. We explored the relationship between markers of axonal degeneration occurring after the stroke and visual neglect chronicity. A group of 45 patients with unilateral strokes in the right hemisphere underwent cognitive testing for neglect twice, first at the subacute phase (<3 months after onset) and then at the chronic phase (>1 year). For each patient, magnetic resonance imaging including diffusion sequences was performed at least 4 months after the stroke. After masking each patient's lesion, we used tract-based spatial statistics to obtain a voxel-wise statistical analysis of the fractional anisotropy data. Twenty-seven patients had signs of visual neglect at initial testing. Only 10 of these patients had recovered from neglect at follow-up. When compared with patients without neglect, the group including all subacute neglect patients had decreased fractional anisotropy in the second (II) and third (III) branches of the right superior longitudinal fasciculus, as well as in the splenium of the corpus callosum. The subgroup of chronic patients showed reduced fractional anisotropy in a portion the splenium, the forceps major, which provides interhemispheric communication between regions of the occipital lobe and of the superior parietal lobules. The severity of neglect correlated with fractional anisotropy values in superior longitudinal fasciculus II/III for subacute patients and in its caudal portion for chronic patients. Our results confirm a key role of fronto-parietal disconnection in the emergence and chronic persistence of neglect, and demonstrate an implication of caudal interhemispheric disconnection in chronic neglect. Splenial disconnection may prevent fronto-parietal networks in the left hemisphere from resolving the activity imbalance with their right hemisphere counterparts, thus leading to persistent neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Lunven
- 1 INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, and Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), F-75013 Paris, France 2 Service de Médecine Physique et Réadaptation, Unité de Rééducation Neurologique CRF 'Les Trois Soleils' Boissise le Roi, France 3 Inserm UMR_S 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, ImpAct, centre des neurosciences de Lyon, université Lyon-1, 16, avenue Lépine 69676 Bron, France
| | - Michel Thiebaut De Schotten
- 1 INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, and Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), F-75013 Paris, France 4 Natbrainlab, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK
| | - Clémence Bourlon
- 2 Service de Médecine Physique et Réadaptation, Unité de Rééducation Neurologique CRF 'Les Trois Soleils' Boissise le Roi, France
| | - Christophe Duret
- 2 Service de Médecine Physique et Réadaptation, Unité de Rééducation Neurologique CRF 'Les Trois Soleils' Boissise le Roi, France
| | - Raffaella Migliaccio
- 1 INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, and Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), F-75013 Paris, France 5 AP-HP, Department of Neurology, IFR 70, Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Rode
- 3 Inserm UMR_S 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, ImpAct, centre des neurosciences de Lyon, université Lyon-1, 16, avenue Lépine 69676 Bron, France 6 Service de médecine physique et réadaptation neurologique, hospital Henry-Gabrielle, hospice civils de Lyon, 20, route de Vourles, Saint-Genis-Laval, France
| | - Paolo Bartolomeo
- 1 INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, and Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), F-75013 Paris, France 5 AP-HP, Department of Neurology, IFR 70, Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France 7 Department of Psychology, Catholic University, Milan, Italy
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Moreh E, Malkinson TS, Zohary E, Soroker N. Visual Memory in Unilateral Spatial Neglect: Immediate Recall versus Delayed Recognition. J Cogn Neurosci 2014; 26:2155-70. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Patients with unilateral spatial neglect (USN) often show impaired performance in spatial working memory tasks, apart from the difficulty retrieving “left-sided” spatial data from long-term memory, shown in the “piazza effect” by Bisiach and colleagues. This study's aim was to compare the effect of the spatial position of a visual object on immediate and delayed memory performance in USN patients. Specifically, immediate verbal recall performance, tested using a simultaneous presentation of four visual objects in four quadrants, was compared with memory in a later-provided recognition task, in which objects were individually shown at the screen center. Unlike healthy controls, USN patients showed a left-side disadvantage and a vertical bias in the immediate free recall task (69% vs. 42% recall for right- and left-sided objects, respectively). In the recognition task, the patients correctly recognized half of “old” items, and their correct rejection rate was 95.5%. Importantly, when the analysis focused on previously recalled items (in the immediate task), no statistically significant difference was found in the delayed recognition of objects according to their original quadrant of presentation. Furthermore, USN patients were able to recollect the correct original location of the recognized objects in 60% of the cases, well beyond chance level. This suggests that the memory trace formed in these cases was not only semantic but also contained a visuospatial tag. Finally, successful recognition of objects missed in recall trials points to formation of memory traces for neglected contralesional objects, which may become accessible to retrieval processes in explicit memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elior Moreh
- 1Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem
- 2Hebrew University, Jerusalem
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Lunven M, Thiebaut De Schotten M, Glize B, Migliaccio R, Jacquin-Courtois S, Cotton F, Bartolomeo P, Rode G. Effector-dependent neglect and splenial disconnection: a spherical deconvolution tractography study. Exp Brain Res 2014; 232:3727-36. [PMID: 25116649 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-014-4051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present the case of a patient with left homonymous hemianopia and chronic left neglect consequent to a stroke in the occipito-temporal regions of the right hemisphere. When the patient performed cancellation tasks with her right (dominant) hand, she had severe and persistent left neglect at retest 7 and 8 years after onset. However, her performance on line bisection was invariably within normal limits. Strikingly, performance on cancellation tests reverted to normal when the patient used her left hand. White matter tractography using spherical deconvolution demonstrated damage to the splenium of the corpus callosum, as well as a relative preservation of the right fronto-parietal network. Effector-dependent neglect may occur because splenial disconnection deprives the right fronto-parietal network from visual information processed by the left hemisphere. Consequently, spatial exploration reverts to normal when the patient uses her left hand, thus involving more directly the fronto-parietal attentional networks in the right-hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Lunven
- Inserm UMR_S 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, ImpAct, Centre des Neurosciences de Lyon, Université Lyon-1, 16, Avenue Lépine, 69676, Bron, France,
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Vallar G, Bello L, Bricolo E, Castellano A, Casarotti A, Falini A, Riva M, Fava E, Papagno C. Cerebral correlates of visuospatial neglect: a direct cerebral stimulation study. Hum Brain Mapp 2014; 35:1334-50. [PMID: 23417885 PMCID: PMC6869347 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the role of the superior longitudinal fascicle, the inferior fronto-occipital fascicle, and the posterior parietal lobe in visuospatial attention in humans during awake brain surgery. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Seven patients with hemispheric gliomas (six in the right hemisphere) entered the study. During surgery in asleep/awake anesthesia, guided by Diffusion Tensor Imaging Fiber Tractography, visuospatial neglect was assessed during direct electrical stimulation by computerized line bisection. PRINCIPAL OBSERVATIONS A rightward deviation, indicating left visuospatial neglect, was induced in six of seven patients by stimulation of the parietofrontal connections, in a location consistent with the trajectory of the second branch of the superior longitudinal fascicle. Stimulation of the medial and dorsal white matter of the superior parietal lobule (corresponding to the first branch of the superior longitudinal fascicle), of the ventral and lateral white matter of the supramarginal gyrus (corresponding to the third branch of the superior longitudinal fascicle), and of the inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus, was largely ineffective. Stimulation of the superior parietal lobule (Brodmann's area 7) caused a marked rightward deviation in all of the six assessed patients, while stimulation of Brodmann's areas 5 and 19 was ineffective. CONCLUSIONS The parietofrontal connections of the dorso-lateral fibers of the superior longitudinal fascicle (i.e., the second branch of the fascicle), and the posterior superior parietal lobe (Brodmann's area 7) are involved in the orientation of spatial attention. Spatial neglect should be assessed systematically during awake brain surgery, particularly when the right parietal lobe may be involved by the neurosurgical procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Vallar
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, Milano, Italy; Laboratorio di Neuropsicologia, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
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Saj A, Fuhrman O, Vuilleumier P, Boroditsky L. Patients With Left Spatial Neglect Also Neglect the “Left Side” of Time. Psychol Sci 2013; 25:207-14. [DOI: 10.1177/0956797612475222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research suggests that people construct mental time lines to represent and reason about time. However, is the ability to represent space truly necessary for representing events along a mental time line? Our results are the first to demonstrate that deficits in spatial representation (as a function of left hemispatial neglect) also result in deficits in representing events along the mental time line. Specifically, we show that patients with left hemispatial neglect have difficulty representing events that are associated with the past and, thus, fall to the left on the mental time line. These results demonstrate that representations of space and time share neural underpinnings and that representations of time have specific spatial properties (e.g., a left and a right side). Furthermore, it appears that intact spatial representations are necessary for at least some types of temporal representation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Saj
- Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, University Hospital of Geneva, University of Geneva
| | | | - Patrik Vuilleumier
- Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, University Hospital of Geneva, University of Geneva
| | - Lera Boroditsky
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego
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Guariglia C, Palermo L, Piccardi L, Iaria G, Incoccia C. Neglecting the left side of a city square but not the left side of its clock: prevalence and characteristics of representational neglect. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67390. [PMID: 23874416 PMCID: PMC3707912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Representational neglect, which is characterized by the failure to report left-sided details of a mental image from memory, can occur after a right hemisphere lesion. In this study, we set out to verify the hypothesis that two distinct forms of representational neglect exist, one involving object representation and the other environmental representation. As representational neglect is considered rare, we also evaluated the prevalence and frequency of its association with perceptual neglect. We submitted a group of 96 unselected, consecutive, chronic, right brain-damaged patients to an extensive neuropsychological evaluation that included two representational neglect tests: the Familiar Square Description Test and the O'Clock Test. Representational neglect, as well as perceptual neglect, was present in about one-third of the sample. Most patients neglected the left side of imagined familiar squares but not the left side of imagined clocks. The present data show that representational neglect is not a rare disorder and also support the hypothesis that two different types of mental representations (i.e. topological and non-topological images) may be selectively damaged in representational neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Guariglia
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Lab. Di.Vi.Na., I.R.C.C.S. Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Liana Palermo
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Lab. Di.Vi.Na., I.R.C.C.S. Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Piccardi
- Lab. Di.Vi.Na., I.R.C.C.S. Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica, Sanità Pubblica, Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di L'Aquila, Coppito (AQ), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Iaria
- NeuroLab, Departments of Psychology and Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chiara Incoccia
- Lab. Di.Vi.Na., I.R.C.C.S. Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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Vuilleumier P. Mapping the functional neuroanatomy of spatial neglect and human parietal lobe functions: progress and challenges. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2013; 1296:50-74. [PMID: 23751037 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Spatial neglect is generally defined by various deficits in processing information from one (e.g., left) side of space contralateral to focal (e.g., right) hemisphere damage. Although classically associated with parietal lobe functions, there is now compelling evidence that neglect can follow lesions in many different cortical and subcortical sites, suggesting a dysfunction in distributed brain networks. In addition, neglect is likely to result from a combination of distinct deficits that co-occur due to concomitant damage affecting juxtaposed brain areas and their connections, but the exact nature of core deficits and their neural substrates still remains unclear. The present review describes recent progress in identifying functional components of the neglect syndrome and relating them to distinct subregions of parietal cortex. A comprehensive understanding of spatial neglect will require a more precise definition of cognitive processes implicated in different behavioral manifestations, as well as meticulous mapping of these processes onto specific brain circuits, while taking into account functional changes in activity that may arise in structurally intact areas subsequent to damage in distant portions of the relevant networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Vuilleumier
- Laboratory for Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, and University Hospital of Geneva, University of Geneva, Michel-Servet 1, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Pearson DG, Deeprose C, Wallace-Hadrill SMA, Burnett Heyes S, Holmes EA. Assessing mental imagery in clinical psychology: a review of imagery measures and a guiding framework. Clin Psychol Rev 2013; 33:1-23. [PMID: 23123567 PMCID: PMC3545187 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mental imagery is an under-explored field in clinical psychology research but presents a topic of potential interest and relevance across many clinical disorders, including social phobia, schizophrenia, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. There is currently a lack of a guiding framework from which clinicians may select the domains or associated measures most likely to be of appropriate use in mental imagery research. We adopt an interdisciplinary approach and present a review of studies across experimental psychology and clinical psychology in order to highlight the key domains and measures most likely to be of relevance. This includes a consideration of methods for experimentally assessing the generation, maintenance, inspection and transformation of mental images; as well as subjective measures of characteristics such as image vividness and clarity. We present a guiding framework in which we propose that cognitive, subjective and clinical aspects of imagery should be explored in future research. The guiding framework aims to assist researchers in the selection of measures for assessing those aspects of mental imagery that are of most relevance to clinical psychology. We propose that a greater understanding of the role of mental imagery in clinical disorders will help drive forward advances in both theory and treatment.
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Bartolomeo P, Thiebaut de Schotten M, Chica AB. Brain networks of visuospatial attention and their disruption in visual neglect. Front Hum Neurosci 2012; 6:110. [PMID: 22586384 PMCID: PMC3343690 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual neglect is a multi-component syndrome including prominent attentional disorders. Research on the functional mechanisms of neglect is now moving from the description of dissociations in patients' performance to the identification of the possible component deficits and of their interaction with compensatory strategies. In recent years, the dissection of attentional deficits in neglect has progressed in parallel with increasing comprehension of the anatomy and function of large-scale brain networks implicated in attentional processes. This review focuses on the anatomy and putative functions of attentional circuits in the brain, mainly subserved by fronto-parietal networks, with a peculiar although not yet completely elucidated role for the right hemisphere. Recent results are discussed concerning the influence of a non-spatial attentional function, phasic alertness, on conscious perception in normal participants and on conflict resolution in neglect patients. The rapid rate of expansion of our knowledge of these systems raises hopes for the development of effective strategies to improve the functioning of the attentional networks in brain-damaged patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bartolomeo
- INSERM - UPMC UMRS 975, Brain and Spine Institute, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris, France
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Jacobs S, Brozzoli C, Farnè A. Neglect: a multisensory deficit? Neuropsychologia 2012; 50:1029-44. [PMID: 22465475 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neglect is a neurological syndrome characterised by a lack of conscious perception of events localised in the contralesional side of space. Here, we consider the possible multisensory nature of this disorder, critically reviewing the literature devoted to multisensory manifestations and processing in neglect. Although its most striking manifestations have been observed in the visual domain, a number of studies demonstrate that neglect can affect virtually any sensory modality, in particular touch and audition. Furthermore, a few recent studies have reported a correlation in severity between visual and non-visual neglect-related deficits evaluated in the same patients, providing some preliminary support for a multisensory conception of neglect. Sensory stimulation and sensorimotor adaptation techniques, aimed at alleviating neglect, have also been shown to affect several sensory modalities, including some that were not directly affected by the intervention. Finally, in some cases neglect can bias multisensory interactions known to occur in healthy individuals, leading to abnormal behaviour or uncovering multisensory compensation mechanisms. This evidence, together with neurophysiological and neuroimaging data revealing the multisensory role played by the areas that are most commonly damaged in neglect patients, seems to speak in favour of neglect as a multisensory disorder. However, since most previous studies were not conducted with the specific purpose of systematically investigating the multisensory nature of neglect, we conclude that more research is needed to appropriately assess this question, and suggest some methodological guidelines that we hope will help clarify this issue. At present, the conception of neglect as a multisensory disorder remains a promising working hypothesis that may help define the pathophysiology of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Jacobs
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct Team, Lyon F-69000, France.
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Representational pseudoneglect and reference points both influence geographic location estimates. Psychon Bull Rev 2012; 19:277-84. [DOI: 10.3758/s13423-011-0202-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Péruch P, Lopez C, Redon-Zouiteni C, Escoffier G, Zeitoun A, Sanjuan M, Devèze A, Magnan J, Borel L. Vestibular information is necessary for maintaining metric properties of representational space: evidence from mental imagery. Neuropsychologia 2011; 49:3136-44. [PMID: 21820000 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2010] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The vestibular system contributes to a wide range of functions, from postural and oculomotor reflexes to spatial representation and cognition. Vestibular signals are important to maintain an internal, updated representation of the body position and movement in space. However, it is not clear to what extent they are also necessary to mentally simulate movement in situations that do not involve displacements of the body, as in mental imagery. The present study assessed how vestibular loss can affect object-based mental transformations (OMTs), i.e., imagined rotations or translations of objects relative to the environment. Participants performed one task of mental rotation of 3D-objects and two mental scanning tasks dealing with the ability to build and manipulate mental images that have metric properties. Menière's disease patients were tested before unilateral vestibular neurotomy and during the recovery period (1 week and 1 month). They were compared to healthy participants tested at similar time intervals and to bilateral vestibular-defective patients tested after the recovery period. Vestibular loss impaired all mental imagery tasks. Performance varied according to the extent of vestibular loss (bilateral patients were frequently the most impaired) and according to the time elapsed after unilateral vestibular neurotomy (deficits were stronger at the early stage after neurotomy and then gradually compensated). These findings indicate that vestibular signals are necessary to perform OMTs and provide the first demonstration of the critical role of vestibular signals in processing metric properties of mental representations. They suggest that vestibular loss disorganizes brain structures commonly involved in mental imagery, and more generally in mental representation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Péruch
- INSERM U751 Epilepsie & Cognition, Université de la Méditerranée, Faculté de Médecine de la Timone, Marseille, France.
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Bartolomeo P. The quest for the 'critical lesion site' in cognitive deficits: problems and perspectives. Cortex 2010; 47:1010-2. [PMID: 21185556 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2010.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bartolomeo
- INSERM-UPMC UMR-S 975 and Fédération de Neurologie, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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Bourlon C, Oliviero B, Wattiez N, Pouget P, Bartolomeo P. Visual mental imagery: what the head's eye tells the mind's eye. Brain Res 2010; 1367:287-97. [PMID: 20969839 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The demonstration of an implication of attentional/eye gaze systems in visual mental imagery might help to understand why some patients with visual neglect, who suffer from severe attentional deficits, also show neglect for mental images. When normal participants generate mental images of previously explored visual scenes, their oculomotor behavior resembles that used during visual exploration. However, this could be a case of encoding specificity, whereby the probability of retrieving an event increases if some information encoded with the event (in this case its spatial location) is present at retrieval. In the present study, normal participants were invited to conjure up a mental image of the map of France and to say whether auditorily presented towns or regions were situated left or right of Paris. A perceptual version of the task was administered after the imaginal condition. Thus, in the imaginal condition participants had to retrieve information from long-term memory. Vocal response times and, unbeknownst to participants, also eye movements were recorded. Participants tended to produce similar eye movements on the imaginal and on the perceptual conditions of the task. We concluded that some mechanisms involved in spontaneous oculomotor behavior may be shared in exploration of visuospatial mental images. Deficits of these common processes participating in the oculomotor exploration might contribute to imaginal neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Bourlon
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Inserm UMR S975, CNRS 7225, Pavillon Claude Bernard, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière (AP-HP), Paris, France.
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