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涂 静, 黄 媛, 黄 莺, 吴 蒙, 王 瑞. [Photobiomodulation Promotes Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Improves Cognitive Function and Anti-Inflammatory Injury in Rats With Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2023; 54:965-971. [PMID: 37866954 PMCID: PMC10579075 DOI: 10.12182/20230960202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) on hippocampal neurogenesis, cognitive function, and inflammatory injury in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Methods Bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) was performed on female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. One week later, the rats were randomly assigned to three groups, Sham surgery (or Sham) group, bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) group, and PBM intervention (or BCCAO+PBM) group. There were 8 rats in each group. In the BCCAO group, chronic cerebral hyporeperfusion was induced by permanent ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries and no PBM was given. Rats in the Sham group underwent the same surgical procedure except for the occlusion of the two carotids arteries and no PBM was given. In addition to the BCCAO surgery, rats in the BCCAO+PBM group received 808 nm laser therapy (5 min each time at a laser dose of 20 mW/cm 2) of the frontal cortex every other day for 1 month. Between 86 and 90 days after BCCAO, Morris water maze (MWM) was used to observe the spatial learning and memory function of the rats. The rats were sacrificed on day 90 and immunofluorescence staining and Western blot were performed thereafter. Immunofluorescence staining was used to determine the expression of 5-bromodeoxyuracil nucleoside (BrdU), a cell proliferation marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), an astrocyte marker, doublecortin (DCX), a specific marker of newborn neuron precursor cells, NeuN, a marker of mature neurons, and Iba1, a microglia marker, in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) region. Western blot was performed to analyze the protein expressions of inflammasome components, NLRP3, ASC, cleaved caspase-1, and Iba1 in the hippocampus. Results In the latency trial of MWM test, BCCAO+PBM rats spent shorter periods of time finding the underwater platform than the BCCAO rats did. In the probe trial, after the platform that was original placed in a quadrant was removed, the BCCAO+PBM rats spent longer periods of time exploring the quadrant than the BCCAO animals did ( P<0.05). Compared with BCCAO rats, BCCAO+PBM rats showed significant decrease in the immunofluorescence intensities of GFAP and Iba1 ( P<0.01). PBM intervention significantly increased the number of BrdU-positive cells in the hippocampal DG region compared with those of Sham and BCCAO groups ( P<0.05). Furthermore, the number of NeuN positive cells showed no significant difference among the three groups, while in BCCAO+PBM group, the number of DCX-positive cells was significantly increased ( P<0.001) and the number of DCX +/NeuN + co-located cells was significantly increased compared to that of the BCCAO group ( P<0.001). Compared with those of the BCCAO group, Western blot results showed that the protein expression levels of Iba1, NLRP3, and cleaved caspase-1 in the BCCAO+PBM group were significantly decreased ( P<0.05), while the ASC protein expression level showed no significant difference. Conclusion PBM can effectively improve the spatial learning and memory function in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, inhibit the activation of glial cells, reduce inflammatory damage mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome, and promote the regeneration of endogenous neural stem cells in the hippocampal DG region of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- 静宜 涂
- 唐山职业技术学院基础医学部 病理教研室 (唐山 063000)Pathological Teaching and Research Division, Department of Basic Medicine, Tangshan Vocational and Technical College, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - 媛媛 黄
- 唐山职业技术学院基础医学部 病理教研室 (唐山 063000)Pathological Teaching and Research Division, Department of Basic Medicine, Tangshan Vocational and Technical College, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - 莺 黄
- 唐山职业技术学院基础医学部 病理教研室 (唐山 063000)Pathological Teaching and Research Division, Department of Basic Medicine, Tangshan Vocational and Technical College, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - 蒙 吴
- 唐山职业技术学院基础医学部 病理教研室 (唐山 063000)Pathological Teaching and Research Division, Department of Basic Medicine, Tangshan Vocational and Technical College, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - 瑞敏 王
- 唐山职业技术学院基础医学部 病理教研室 (唐山 063000)Pathological Teaching and Research Division, Department of Basic Medicine, Tangshan Vocational and Technical College, Tangshan 063000, China
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Nguyen JN, Chauhan A. Bystanders or not? Microglia and lymphocytes in aging and stroke. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:1397-1403. [PMID: 36571333 PMCID: PMC10075112 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.360345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
As the average age of the world population increases, more people will face debilitating aging-associated conditions, including dementia and stroke. Not only does the incidence of these conditions increase with age, but the recovery afterward is often worse in older patients. Researchers and health professionals must unveil and understand the factors behind age-associated diseases to develop a therapy for older patients. Aging causes profound changes in the immune system including the activation of microglia in the brain. Activated microglia promote T lymphocyte transmigration leading to an increase in neuroinflammation, white matter damage, and cognitive impairment in both older humans and rodents. The presence of T and B lymphocytes is observed in the aged brain and correlates with worse stroke outcomes. Preclinical strategies in stroke target either microglia or the lymphocytes or the communications between them to promote functional recovery in aged subjects. In this review, we examine the role of the microglia and T and B lymphocytes in aging and how they contribute to cognitive impairment. Additionally, we provide an important update on the contribution of these cells and their interactions in preclinical aged stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin N. Nguyen
- University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anjali Chauhan
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Post-Stroke Environmental Enrichment Improves Neurogenesis and Cognitive Function and Reduces the Generation of Aberrant Neurons in the Mouse Hippocampus. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040652. [PMID: 36831319 PMCID: PMC9954243 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic lesions stimulate adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, however, this is not associated with better cognitive function. Furthermore, increased neurogenesis is associated with the formation of aberrant neurons. In a previous study, we showed that a running task after a stroke not only increases neurogenesis but also the number of aberrant neurons without improving general performance. Here, we determined whether stimulation in an enriched environment after a lesion could increase neurogenesis and cognitive function without enhancing the number of aberrant neurons. After an ischemic stroke induced by MCAO, animals were transferred to an enriched environment containing a running wheel, tunnels and nest materials. A GFP-retroviral vector was delivered on day 3 post-stroke and a modified water maze test was performed 6 weeks after the lesion. We found that the enriched environment significantly increased the number of new neurons compared with the unstimulated stroke group but not the number of aberrant cells after a lesion. Increased neurogenesis after environmental enrichment was associated with improved cognitive function. Our study showed that early placement in an enriched environment after a stroke lesion markedly increased neurogenesis and flexible learning but not the formation of aberrant neurons, indicating that rehabilitative training, as a combination of running wheel training and enriched environment housing, improved functional and structural outcomes after a stroke.
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Berlet R, Anthony S, Brooks B, Wang ZJ, Sadanandan N, Shear A, Cozene B, Gonzales-Portillo B, Parsons B, Salazar FE, Lezama Toledo AR, Monroy GR, Gonzales-Portillo JV, Borlongan CV. Combination of Stem Cells and Rehabilitation Therapies for Ischemic Stroke. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1316. [PMID: 34572529 PMCID: PMC8468342 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation with rehabilitation therapy presents an effective stroke treatment. Here, we discuss current breakthroughs in stem cell research along with rehabilitation strategies that may have a synergistic outcome when combined together after stroke. Indeed, stem cell transplantation offers a promising new approach and may add to current rehabilitation therapies. By reviewing the pathophysiology of stroke and the mechanisms by which stem cells and rehabilitation attenuate this inflammatory process, we hypothesize that a combined therapy will provide better functional outcomes for patients. Using current preclinical data, we explore the prominent types of stem cells, the existing theories for stem cell repair, rehabilitation treatments inside the brain, rehabilitation modalities outside the brain, and evidence pertaining to the benefits of combined therapy. In this review article, we assess the advantages and disadvantages of using stem cell transplantation with rehabilitation to mitigate the devastating effects of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reed Berlet
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Rd, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA;
| | - Stefan Anthony
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Boulevard, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA;
| | - Beverly Brooks
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (B.B.); (Z.-J.W.)
| | - Zhen-Jie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (B.B.); (Z.-J.W.)
| | | | - Alex Shear
- University of Florida, 205 Fletcher Drive, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Blaise Cozene
- Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Ave, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA;
| | | | - Blake Parsons
- Washington and Lee University, 204 W Washington St, Lexington, VA 24450, USA;
| | - Felipe Esparza Salazar
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (F.E.S.); (A.R.L.T.); (G.R.M.)
| | - Alma R. Lezama Toledo
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (F.E.S.); (A.R.L.T.); (G.R.M.)
| | - Germán Rivera Monroy
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (F.E.S.); (A.R.L.T.); (G.R.M.)
| | | | - Cesario V. Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (B.B.); (Z.-J.W.)
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Ceanga M, Dahab M, Witte OW, Keiner S. Adult Neurogenesis and Stroke: A Tale of Two Neurogenic Niches. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:700297. [PMID: 34447293 PMCID: PMC8382802 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.700297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In the aftermath of an acute stroke, numerous signaling cascades that reshape the brain both in the perilesional zone as well as in more distal regions are activated. Despite continuous improvement in the acute treatment of stroke and the sustained research efforts into the pathophysiology of stroke, we critically lag in our integrated understanding of the delayed and chronic responses to ischemic injury. As such, the beneficial or maladaptive effect of some stroke-induced cellular responses is unclear, restricting the advancement of therapeutic strategies to target long-term complications. A prominent delayed effect of stroke is the robust increase in adult neurogenesis, which raises hopes for a regenerative strategy to counter neurological deficits in stroke survivors. In the adult brain, two regions are known to generate new neurons from endogenous stem cells: the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the dentate subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampus. While both niches respond with an increase in neurogenesis post-stroke, there are significant regional differences in the ensuing stages of survival, migration, and maturation, which may differently influence functional outcome. External interventions such as rehabilitative training add a further layer of complexity by independently modulating the process of adult neurogenesis. In this review we summarize the current knowledge regarding the effects of ischemic stroke on neurogenesis in the SVZ and in the SGZ, and the influence of exogenous stimuli such as motor activity or enriched environment (EE). In addition, we discuss the contribution of SVZ or SGZ post-stroke neurogenesis to sensory, motor and cognitive recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Ceanga
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Section Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Mahmoud Dahab
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Otto W. Witte
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Silke Keiner
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Cuartero MI, García-Culebras A, Torres-López C, Medina V, Fraga E, Vázquez-Reyes S, Jareño-Flores T, García-Segura JM, Lizasoain I, Moro MÁ. Post-stroke Neurogenesis: Friend or Foe? Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:657846. [PMID: 33834025 PMCID: PMC8021779 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.657846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The substantial clinical burden and disability after stroke injury urges the need to explore therapeutic solutions. Recent compelling evidence supports that neurogenesis persists in the adult mammalian brain and is amenable to regulation in both physiological and pathological situations. Its ability to generate new neurons implies a potential to contribute to recovery after brain injury. However, post-stroke neurogenic response may have different functional consequences. On the one hand, the capacity of newborn neurons to replenish the damaged tissue may be limited. In addition, aberrant forms of neurogenesis have been identified in several insult settings. All these data suggest that adult neurogenesis is at a crossroads between the physiological and the pathological regulation of the neurological function in the injured central nervous system (CNS). Given the complexity of the CNS together with its interaction with the periphery, we ultimately lack in-depth understanding of the key cell types, cell-cell interactions, and molecular pathways involved in the neurogenic response after brain damage and their positive or otherwise deleterious impact. Here we will review the evidence on the stroke-induced neurogenic response and on its potential repercussions on functional outcome. First, we will briefly describe subventricular zone (SVZ) neurogenesis after stroke beside the main evidence supporting its positive role on functional restoration after stroke. Then, we will focus on hippocampal subgranular zone (SGZ) neurogenesis due to the relevance of hippocampus in cognitive functions; we will outline compelling evidence that supports that, after stroke, SGZ neurogenesis may adopt a maladaptive plasticity response further contributing to the development of post-stroke cognitive impairment and dementia. Finally, we will discuss the therapeutic potential of specific steps in the neurogenic cascade that might ameliorate brain malfunctioning and the development of post-stroke cognitive impairment in the chronic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Cuartero
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia García-Culebras
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Torres-López
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Violeta Medina
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Fraga
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Vázquez-Reyes
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Tania Jareño-Flores
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan M. García-Segura
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Lizasoain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Moro
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
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Bluemel P, Wickel J, Grünewald B, Ceanga M, Keiner S, Witte OW, Redecker C, Geis C, Kunze A. Sepsis promotes gliogenesis and depletes the pool of radial glia like stem cells in the hippocampus. Exp Neurol 2020; 338:113591. [PMID: 33387461 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a major complication of patients surviving sepsis with a prevalence up to 70%. Although the initial pathophysiological events of SAE are considered to arise during the acute phase of sepsis, there is increasing evidence that SAE leads to persistent brain dysfunction with severe cognitive decline in later life. Previous studies suggest that the hippocampal formation is particularly involved leading to atrophy in later stages. Thereby, the underlying cellular mechanisms are only poorly understood. Here, we hypothesized that endogenous neural stems cells and adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus are impaired following sepsis and that these changes may contribute to persistent cognitive dysfunction when the animals have physically fully recovered. We used the murine sepsis model of peritoneal contamination and infection (PCI) and combined different labeling methods of precursor cells with confocal microscopy studies to assess the neurogenic niche in the dentate gyrus at day 42 postsepsis. We found that following sepsis i) gliogenesis is increased, ii) the absolute number of radial glia-like cells (type 1 cells), which are considered the putative stem cells, is significantly reduced, iii) the generation of new neurons is not significantly altered, while iv) the synaptic spine maturation of new neurons is impaired with a shift to expression of more immature and less mature spines. In conclusion, sepsis mainly leads to depletion of the neural stem cell pool and enhanced gliogenesis in the dentate gyrus which points towards an accelerated aging of the hippocampus due to septic insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Bluemel
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinkum 1, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Jonathan Wickel
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinkum 1, D-07747 Jena, Germany; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinkum 1, D-07747 Jena, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Benedikt Grünewald
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinkum 1, D-07747 Jena, Germany; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinkum 1, D-07747 Jena, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Mihai Ceanga
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinkum 1, D-07747 Jena, Germany; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinkum 1, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Silke Keiner
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinkum 1, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Otto W Witte
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinkum 1, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph Redecker
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinkum 1, D-07747 Jena, Germany; Department of Neurology, Lippe General Hospital, Rintelner Str. 85, D-32657 Lemgo, Germany
| | - Christian Geis
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinkum 1, D-07747 Jena, Germany; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinkum 1, D-07747 Jena, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany..
| | - Albrecht Kunze
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinkum 1, D-07747 Jena, Germany.
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Neumann S, Porritt MJ, Osman AM, Kuhn HG. Cranial irradiation at early postnatal age impairs stroke-induced neural stem/progenitor cell response in the adult brain. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12369. [PMID: 32703986 PMCID: PMC7378832 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69266-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cranial irradiation (IR) is commonly used to treat primary brain tumors and metastatic diseases. However, cranial IR-treated patients often develop vascular abnormalities later in life that increase their risk for cerebral ischemia. Studies in rodents have demonstrated that IR impairs maintenance of the neural stem/precursor cell (NSPC) pool and depletes neurogenesis. We and others have previously shown that stroke triggers NSPC proliferation in the subventricular zone and migration towards the stroke-injured neocortex. Whether this response is sustained in the irradiated brain remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that cranial IR in mice at an early postnatal age significantly reduced the number to neuronal progenitors responding to cortical stroke in adults. This was accompanied by a reduced number of microglia/macrophages in the peri-infarct cortex; however, the astrocytic response was not altered. Our findings indicate that IR impairs the endogenous repair capacity in the brain in response to stroke, hence pointing to another side effect of cranial radiotherapy which requires further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Neumann
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Box 436, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michelle J Porritt
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Box 436, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ahmed M Osman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H Georg Kuhn
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Box 436, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Abstract
In the adult mammalian hippocampus, new neurons arise from stem and progenitor cell division, in a process known as adult neurogenesis. Adult-generated neurons are sensitive to experience and may participate in hippocampal functions, including learning and memory, anxiety and stress regulation, and social behavior. Increasing evidence emphasizes the importance of new neuron connectivity within hippocampal circuitry for understanding the impact of adult neurogenesis on brain function. In this Review, we discuss how the functional consequences of new neurons arise from the collective interactions of presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons, glial cells, and the extracellular matrix, which together form the "tetrapartite synapse."
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise C Cope
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Elizabeth Gould
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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10
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Zhao Y, Wang LH, Peng A, Liu XY, Wang Y, Huang SH, Liu T, Wang XJ, Chen ZY. The neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects of growth differentiation factor 11 in cerebral ischemic injury. Brain Res 2020; 1737:146802. [PMID: 32220534 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, regulates various biological processes in mammals. The effect of GDF11 in brain injury has not been fully elucidated. Our aim was to investigate the effects of GDF11 in cerebral ischemic injury. The expression level of GDF11 increased significantly in the peri-infarct cerebral cortex. Next, the effect of the intracerebroventricular injection of a GDF11 overexpression lentivirus or rGDF11 was investigated in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats. The preventative effects of the GDF11 overexpression virus on stroke were observed. The delivery of the lentivirus into rats before MCAO significantly reduced the infarct volume and the percentage of apoptotic cells and improved motor function in MCAO rats. Furthermore, it elevated the expression of p-Smad2/3 and promoted neurogenesis and angiogenesis in the ipsilateral SVZ during ischemic injury. More importantly, the therapeutic effects of rGDF11 on stroke were subsequently explored. The results in MCAO rats treated with rGDF11 were found similar to that in those treated with the GDF11 overexpression lentivirus. Together, these findings indicate that GDF11 has neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects in cerebral ischemic injury and provide new insights into the function and mechanism of GDF11 in stroke models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China; Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Li-Hong Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ai Peng
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xing-Yu Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shu-Hong Huang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Zhe-Yu Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
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Kathner-Schaffert C, Karapetow L, Günther M, Rudolph M, Dahab M, Baum E, Lehmann T, Witte OW, Redecker C, Schmeer CW, Keiner S. Early Stroke Induces Long-Term Impairment of Adult Neurogenesis Accompanied by Hippocampal-Mediated Cognitive Decline. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121654. [PMID: 31861141 PMCID: PMC6953020 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke increases neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus in the short term, however, long-term effects at the cellular and functional level are poorly understood. Here we evaluated the impact of an early stroke lesion on neurogenesis and cognitive function of the aging brain. We hypothesized that a stroke disturbs dentate neurogenesis during aging correlate with impaired flexible learning. To address this issue a stroke was induced in 3-month-old C57Bl/6 mice by a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). To verify long-term changes of adult neurogenesis the thymidine analogue BrdU (5-Bromo-2′-deoxyuridine) was administrated at different time points during aging. One and half months after BrdU injections learning and memory performance were assessed with a modified version of the Morris water maze (MWM) that includes the re-learning paradigm, as well as hippocampus-dependent and -independent search strategies. After MWM performance mice were transcardially perfused. To further evaluate in detail the stroke-mediated changes on stem- and progenitor cells as well as endogenous proliferation nestin-green-fluorescent protein (GFP) mice were used. Adult nestin-GFP mice received a retroviral vector injection in the hippocampus to evaluate changes in the neuronal morphology. At an age of 20 month the nestin-GFP mice were transcardially perfused after MWM performance and BrdU application 1.5 months later. The early stroke lesion significantly decreased neurogenesis in 7.5- and 9-month-old animals and also endogenous proliferation in the latter group. Furthermore, immature doublecortin (DCX)-positive neurons were reduced in 20-month-old nestin-GFP mice after lesion. All MCAO groups showed an impaired performance in the MWM and mostly relied on hippocampal-independent search strategies. These findings indicate that an early ischemic insult leads to a dramatical decline of neurogenesis during aging that correlates with a premature development of hippocampal-dependent deficits. Our study supports the notion that an early stroke might lead to long-term cognitive deficits as observed in human patients after lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Kathner-Schaffert
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.K.-S.); (L.K.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (M.D.); (E.B.); (O.W.W.); (C.R.); (C.W.S.)
| | - Lina Karapetow
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.K.-S.); (L.K.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (M.D.); (E.B.); (O.W.W.); (C.R.); (C.W.S.)
| | - Madlen Günther
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.K.-S.); (L.K.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (M.D.); (E.B.); (O.W.W.); (C.R.); (C.W.S.)
| | - Max Rudolph
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.K.-S.); (L.K.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (M.D.); (E.B.); (O.W.W.); (C.R.); (C.W.S.)
| | - Mahmoud Dahab
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.K.-S.); (L.K.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (M.D.); (E.B.); (O.W.W.); (C.R.); (C.W.S.)
| | - Eileen Baum
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.K.-S.); (L.K.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (M.D.); (E.B.); (O.W.W.); (C.R.); (C.W.S.)
| | - Thomas Lehmann
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computer Science, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Otto W. Witte
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.K.-S.); (L.K.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (M.D.); (E.B.); (O.W.W.); (C.R.); (C.W.S.)
| | - Christoph Redecker
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.K.-S.); (L.K.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (M.D.); (E.B.); (O.W.W.); (C.R.); (C.W.S.)
| | - Christian W. Schmeer
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.K.-S.); (L.K.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (M.D.); (E.B.); (O.W.W.); (C.R.); (C.W.S.)
| | - Silke Keiner
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.K.-S.); (L.K.); (M.G.); (M.R.); (M.D.); (E.B.); (O.W.W.); (C.R.); (C.W.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-364-1932-5914
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The influence of GDF11 on brain fate and function. GeroScience 2019; 41:1-11. [PMID: 30729414 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is a transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) protein that regulates aspects of central nervous system (CNS) formation and health throughout the lifespan. During development, GDF11 influences CNS patterning and the genesis, differentiation, maturation, and activity of new cells, which may be primarily dependent on local production and action. In the aged brain, exogenous, peripherally delivered GDF11 may enhance neurogenesis and angiogenesis, as well as improve neuropathological outcomes. This is in contrast to a predominantly negative influence on neurogenesis in the developing CNS. Seemingly antithetical effects may correspond to the cell types and mechanisms activated by local versus circulating concentrations of GDF11. Yet undefined, distinct mechanisms of action in young and aged brains may also play a role, which could include differential receptor and binding partner interactions. Exogenously increasing circulating GDF11 concentrations may be a viable approach for improving deleterious aspects of brain aging and neuropathology. Caution is warranted, however, since GDF11 appears to negatively influence muscle health and body composition. Nevertheless, an expanding understanding of GDF11 biology suggests that it is an important regulator of CNS formation and fate, and its manipulation may improve aspects of brain health in older organisms.
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13
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Krishnasamy S, Weng YC, Thammisetty SS, Phaneuf D, Lalancette-Hebert M, Kriz J. Molecular imaging of nestin in neuroinflammatory conditions reveals marked signal induction in activated microglia. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:45. [PMID: 28253906 PMCID: PMC5335711 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0816-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nestin is a known marker of neuronal progenitor cells in the adult brain. Following neuro- and gliogenesis, nestin is replaced by cell type-specific intermediate filaments, e.g., neurofilaments for panneuronal expression and glial fibrillary acidic protein as a specific marker of mature astrocytes. While previous work have been mostly focused on the neuronal fate of nestin-positive progenitors, in the present study, we sought to investigate in real time how nestin signals and cellular expression patterns are controlled in the context of neuroinflammatory challenge and ischemic brain injury. Methods To visualize effects of neuroinflammation on neurogenesis/gliogenesis, we created a transgenic model bearing the dual reporter system luciferase and GFP under transcriptional control of the murine nestin promoter. In this model, transcriptional activation of nestin was visualized from the brains of living animals using biophotonic/bioluminescence molecular imaging and a high resolution charged coupled device camera. Nestin induction profiles in vivo and in tissue sections were analyzed in two different experimental paradigms: middle cerebral artery occlusion and lipopolysaccharide-induced innate immune stimuli. Results We report here a context- and injury-dependent induction and cellular expression profile of nestin. While in the baseline conditions the nestin signal and/or GFP expression was restricted to neuronal progenitors, the cellular expression patterns of nestin following innate immune challenge and after stroke markedly differed shifting the cellular expression patterns towards activated microglia/macrophages and astrocytes. Conclusions Our results suggest that nestin may serve as a context-dependent biomarker of inflammatory response in glial cells including activated microglia/macrophages. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-017-0816-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Krishnasamy
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada.,Research Centre of Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, 2601 Chemin de la Canardière, Quebec, Québec, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Yuan-Cheng Weng
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada.,Research Centre of Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, 2601 Chemin de la Canardière, Quebec, Québec, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Sai Sampath Thammisetty
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada.,Research Centre of Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, 2601 Chemin de la Canardière, Quebec, Québec, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Daniel Phaneuf
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada.,Research Centre of Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, 2601 Chemin de la Canardière, Quebec, Québec, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Melanie Lalancette-Hebert
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada.,Research Centre of Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, 2601 Chemin de la Canardière, Quebec, Québec, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Jasna Kriz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. .,Research Centre of Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, 2601 Chemin de la Canardière, Quebec, Québec, G1J 2G3, Canada.
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14
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Therapy Effects of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells on Ischemic Stroke. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:7682960. [PMID: 27069533 PMCID: PMC4812472 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7682960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the second most common cause of death and major cause of disability worldwide. Recently, bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) have been shown to improve functional outcome after stroke. In this review, we will focus on the protective effects of BMSCs on ischemic brain and the relative molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of BMSCs on stroke.
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15
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Popa-Wagner A, Buga AM, Doeppner TR, Hermann DM. Stem cell therapies in preclinical models of stroke associated with aging. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:347. [PMID: 25404892 PMCID: PMC4217499 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke has limited treatment options, demanding a vigorous search for new therapeutic strategies. Initial enthusiasm to stimulate restorative processes in the ischemic brain by means of cell-based therapies has meanwhile converted into a more balanced view recognizing impediments related to unfavorable environments that are in part related to aging processes. Since stroke afflicts mostly the elderly, it is highly desirable and clinically important to test the efficacy of cell therapies in aged brain microenvironments. Although widely believed to be refractory to regeneration, recent studies using both neural precursor cells and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for stroke therapy suggest that the aged rat brain is not refractory to cell-based therapy, and that it also supports plasticity and remodeling. Yet, important differences exist in the aged compared with young brain, i.e., the accelerated progression of ischemic injury to brain infarction, the reduced rate of endogenous neurogenesis and the delayed initiation of neurological recovery. Pitfalls in the development of cell-based therapies may also be related to age-associated comorbidities, e.g., diabetes or hyperlipidemia, which may result in maladaptive or compromised brain remodeling, respectively. These age-related aspects should be carefully considered in the clinical translation of restorative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurel Popa-Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry, Aging and Brain Disorders, University of Medicine Rostock Rostock, Germany ; Department of Functional Sciences, Center of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova Craiova, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Buga
- Department of Psychiatry, Aging and Brain Disorders, University of Medicine Rostock Rostock, Germany ; Department of Functional Sciences, Center of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova Craiova, Romania
| | | | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen Essen, Germany
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16
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Sampedro-Piquero P, De Bartolo P, Petrosini L, Zancada-Menendez C, Arias JL, Begega A. Astrocytic plasticity as a possible mediator of the cognitive improvements after environmental enrichment in aged rats. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2014; 114:16-25. [PMID: 24727294 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Currently, little is known about the effect of environmental enrichment (EE) on astrocytic plasticity, especially during aging. Given the newly discovered role of the astrocytes in regulating the synaptic transmission and thereby, the cognitive functions, we aimed to study the impact of EE on the performance in a spatial memory task and on the number and morphology of GFAP immunopositive cells in the dorsal hippocampus. After two months of EE (3 h/per day), the animals were tested in the Radial-Arm Water Maze (RAWM) for four days, with six daily trials. Next, we analyzed the changes in the GFAP immunopositive cells in CA1, CA3 and Dentate Gyrus (DG). Behavioral results showed that, even in advanced ages, EE improved the performance in a spatial memory task. Also, we found that aged rats submitted to EE had more GFAP immunopositive cells in the DG and more complex astrocytes, revealed by Sholl analysis, in all hippocampal subfields with respect to the other experimental conditions. Interestingly, the learning of a spatial memory task produced more morphological complexity and higher levels of GFAP immunopositive cells with regard to a standard control group, but not at the same level of the enriched groups. Thus, it is possible that the plastic changes found in the hippocampal astrocytes after EE are involved in a brain reserve to cope with age-related cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sampedro-Piquero
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Oviedo, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, INEUROPA, Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Paola De Bartolo
- Department of Psychology, University "Sapienza", via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; IRCCS S. Lucia Foundation, via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy.
| | - Laura Petrosini
- Department of Psychology, University "Sapienza", via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; IRCCS S. Lucia Foundation, via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy.
| | - C Zancada-Menendez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Oviedo, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, INEUROPA, Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - J L Arias
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Oviedo, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, INEUROPA, Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - A Begega
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Oviedo, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, INEUROPA, Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain.
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17
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Noninvasive strategies to promote functional recovery after stroke. Neural Plast 2013; 2013:854597. [PMID: 23864962 PMCID: PMC3707231 DOI: 10.1155/2013/854597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a common and disabling global health-care problem, which is the third most common cause of death and one of the main causes of acquired adult disability in many countries. Rehabilitation interventions are a major component of patient care. In the last few years, brain stimulation, mirror therapy, action observation, or mental practice with motor imagery has emerged as interesting options as add-on interventions to standard physical therapies. The neural bases for poststroke recovery rely on the concept of plasticity, namely, the ability of central nervous system cells to modify their structure and function in response to external stimuli. In this review, we will discuss recent noninvasive strategies employed to enhance functional recovery in stroke patients and we will provide an overview of neural plastic events associated with rehabilitation in preclinical models of stroke.
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18
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Dibajnia P, Morshead CM. Role of neural precursor cells in promoting repair following stroke. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2013; 34:78-90. [PMID: 23064725 PMCID: PMC4086492 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2012.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies for the treatment of stroke have received considerable attention. Two broad approaches to stem cell-based therapies have been taken: the transplantation of exogenous stem cells, and the activation of endogenous neural stem and progenitor cells (together termed neural precursors). Studies examining the transplantation of exogenous cells have demonstrated that neural stem and progenitor cells lead to the most clinically promising results. Endogenous activation of neural precursors has also been explored based on the fact that resident precursor cells have the inherent capacity to proliferate, migrate and differentiate into mature neurons in the uninjured adult brain. Studies have revealed that these neural precursor cell behaviours can be activated following stroke, whereby neural precursors will expand in number, migrate to the infarct site and differentiate into neurons. However, this innate response is insufficient to lead to functional recovery, making it necessary to enhance the activation of endogenous precursors to promote tissue repair and functional recovery. Herein we will discuss the current state of the stem cell-based approaches with a focus on endogenous repair to treat the stroke injured brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooya Dibajnia
- Department of Surgery, Division of Anatomy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Cindi M Morshead
- Department of Surgery, Division of Anatomy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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19
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Shetty AK, Hattiangady B, Rao MS, Shuai B. Neurogenesis response of middle-aged hippocampus to acute seizure activity. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43286. [PMID: 22912847 PMCID: PMC3422269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute Seizure (AS) activity in young adult age conspicuously modifies hippocampal neurogenesis. This is epitomized by both increased addition of new neurons to the granule cell layer (GCL) by neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) in the dentate subgranular zone (SGZ), and greatly enhanced numbers of newly born neurons located abnormally in the dentate hilus (DH). Interestingly, AS activity in old age does not induce such changes in hippocampal neurogenesis. However, the effect of AS activity on neurogenesis in the middle-aged hippocampus is yet to be elucidated. We examined hippocampal neurogenesis in middle-aged F344 rats after a continuous AS activity for >4 hrs, induced through graded intraperitoneal injections of the kainic acid. We labeled newly born cells via daily intraperitoneal injections of the 5'-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) for 12 days, commencing from the day of induction of AS activity. AS activity enhanced the addition of newly born BrdU+ cells by 5.6 fold and newly born neurons (expressing both BrdU and doublecortin [DCX]) by 2.2 fold to the SGZ-GCL. Measurement of the total number of DCX+ newly born neurons also revealed a similar trend. Furthermore, AS activity increased DCX+ newly born neurons located ectopically in the DH (2.7 fold increase and 17% of total newly born neurons). This rate of ectopic migration is however considerably less than what was observed earlier for the young adult hippocampus after similar AS activity. Thus, the plasticity of hippocampal neurogenesis to AS activity in middle age is closer to its response observed in the young adult age. However, the extent of abnormal migration of newly born neurons into the DH is less than that of the young adult hippocampus after similar AS activity. These results also point out a highly divergent response of neurogenesis to AS activity between middle age and old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K Shetty
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Centers of Durham, North Carolina, and Temple, Texas, United States of America.
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20
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Functional recruitment of newborn hippocampal neurons after experimental stroke. Neurobiol Dis 2012; 46:431-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Bonaguidi MA, Song J, Ming GL, Song H. A unifying hypothesis on mammalian neural stem cell properties in the adult hippocampus. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2012; 22:754-61. [PMID: 22503352 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2012.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Continuously generated new neurons promote circuitry plasticity within specialized regions and contribute to specific functions of the adult mammalian brain. A number of recent studies have investigated the cellular origin of adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus, yielding divergent models of neural stem cell behavior. An essential question remains whether these models are overlapping or fundamentally discrete. We review evidence that primary neural precursors in the adult hippocampus exhibit significant heterogeneity in their properties of self-renewal, multi-lineage differentiation and regulation, representing a range from unipotential committed precursors to bona fide self-renewing multipotent neural stem cells. We further present a testable unifying hypothesis of adult neural stem cell behavior in vivo to outline a common framework for future studies of molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating adult neural stem cells and how these cells may contribute to hippocampal function and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Bonaguidi
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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22
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Artegiani B, Calegari F. Age-related cognitive decline: can neural stem cells help us? Aging (Albany NY) 2012; 4:176-86. [PMID: 22466406 PMCID: PMC3348478 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several studies suggest that an increase in adult neurogenesis has beneficial effects on emotional behavior and cognitive performance including learning and memory. The observation that aging has a negative effect on the proliferation of neural stem cells has prompted several laboratories to investigate new systems to artificially increase neurogenesis in senescent animals as a means to compensate for age-related cognitive decline. In this review we will discuss the systemic, cellular, and molecular changes induced by aging and affecting the neurogenic niche at the level of neural stem cell proliferation, their fate change, neuronal survival, and subsequent integration in the neuronal circuitry. Particular attention will be given to those manipulations that increase neurogenesis in the aged brain as a potential avenue towards therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Artegiani
- DFG-Research Center and Cluster of Excellence for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
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Osman AM, Porritt MJ, Nilsson M, Kuhn HG. Long-term stimulation of neural progenitor cell migration after cortical ischemia in mice. Stroke 2011; 42:3559-65. [PMID: 21980195 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.111.627802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cortical ischemia induces neural progenitor cell migration toward the injury site; however, whether these cells are capable of maintaining the migratory response for a longer period after injury remains uncertain. METHODS We analyzed progenitor migration up to 1 year after induction of photothrombotic stroke to the mouse neocortex. Migrating progenitors identified as doublecortin positive cells (DCX+) were assessed using the immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. The thymidine analogues chlorodeoxyuridine and iododeoxyuridine were used to birth-date the progenitor cells. RESULTS In the striatum, we detected elevated numbers of DCX+ cells up to 6 weeks postlesion. In the corpus callosum and the peri-infarct cortex (Ctx), DCX+ cell numbers were increased up to 1 year. The orientation of the migrating progenitors was mostly aligned with the corpus callosum fiber tract at all time points; however, in the Ctx, they aligned parallel to the infarct border. The injured cortex continuously receives new progenitors up to 1 year after lesion. Cells born after lesion did not become mature neurons, although a portion of the migrating progenitors showed initial signs of differentiation into neurons. CONCLUSIONS Neural progenitors might have a role in brain plasticity after cortical stroke, especially considering the prolonged window of migratory responses of up to 1 year after stroke lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Osman
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Box 432, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Petcu EB, Smith RA, Miroiu RI, Opris MM. Angiogenesis in old-aged subjects after ischemic stroke: a cautionary note for investigators. JOURNAL OF ANGIOGENESIS RESEARCH 2010; 2:26. [PMID: 21110846 PMCID: PMC3000373 DOI: 10.1186/2040-2384-2-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis represents a form of neovascularisation of exceptional importance in numerous pathological conditions including stroke. In this context it is directly related to neuroregeneration which is seen in close proximity. However, numerous experimental data have been drawn from studies that have ignored the age criterion. This is extremely important as angiogenesis is different in young versus old subjects. Extrapolating data obtained from studies performed in young subjects or "in vitro" to old-age patients could lead to inexact conclusions since the dynamics of angiogenesis is age-dependent. The current review covers the key features of brain senescence including morphological and functional changes related to the brain parenchyma, its vascular network and blood flow which could possibly influence the process of angiogenesis. This is followed by a description of post-stroke angiogenesis and its relationship to neuroregeneration and its modulation by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF 1), the most important factors active in old brain after ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugen B Petcu
- Griffith University School of Medicine, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, QLD 4222, Australia.
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Keiner S, Walter J, Oberland J, Redecker C. Contribution of constitutively proliferating precursor cell subtypes to dentate neurogenesis after cortical infarcts. BMC Neurosci 2010; 11:146. [PMID: 21083887 PMCID: PMC2993721 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-11-146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is well known that focal ischemia increases neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation but the cellular mechanisms underlying this proliferative response are only poorly understood. We here investigated whether precursor cells which constitutively proliferate before the ischemic infarct contribute to post-ischemic neurogenesis. To this purpose, transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the nestin promoter received repetitive injections of the proliferation marker bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) prior to induction of cortical infarcts. We then immunocytochemically analyzed the fate of these BrdU-positive precursor cell subtypes from day 4 to day 28 after the lesion. Results Quantification of BrdU-expressing precursor cell populations revealed no alteration in number of radial glia-like type 1 cells but a sequential increase of later precursor cell subtypes in lesioned animals (type 2a cells at day 7, type 3 cells/immature neurons at day 14). These alterations result in an enhanced survival of mature neurons 4 weeks postinfarct. Conclusions Focal cortical infarcts recruit dentate precursor cells generated already before the infarct and significantly contribute to an enhanced neurogenesis. Our findings thereby increase our understanding of the complex cellular mechanisms of postlesional neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Keiner
- Hans-Berger-Clinic for Neurology, University Hospital Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, Jena, Germany
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