1
|
NODA M, MATSUDA T. Central regulation of body fluid homeostasis. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2022; 98:283-324. [PMID: 35908954 PMCID: PMC9363595 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.98.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular fluids, including blood, lymphatic fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid, are collectively called body fluids. The Na+ concentration ([Na+]) in body fluids is maintained at 135-145 mM and is broadly conserved among terrestrial animals. Homeostatic osmoregulation by Na+ is vital for life because severe hyper- or hypotonicity elicits irreversible organ damage and lethal neurological trauma. To achieve "body fluid homeostasis" or "Na homeostasis", the brain continuously monitors [Na+] in body fluids and controls water/salt intake and water/salt excretion by the kidneys. These physiological functions are primarily regulated based on information on [Na+] and relevant circulating hormones, such as angiotensin II, aldosterone, and vasopressin. In this review, we discuss sensing mechanisms for [Na+] and hormones in the brain that control water/salt intake behaviors, together with the responsible sensors (receptors) and relevant neural pathways. We also describe mechanisms in the brain by which [Na+] increases in body fluids activate the sympathetic neural activity leading to hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu NODA
- Homeostatic Mechanism Research Unit, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Homeostatic Mechanism Research Unit, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan (e-mail: )
| | - Takashi MATSUDA
- Homeostatic Mechanism Research Unit, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guan L, Qiao H, Wang N, Luo X, Yan J. The purinergic mechanism of the central nucleus of amygdala is involved in the modulation of salt intake in sodium-depleted rats. Brain Res Bull 2018; 143:132-137. [PMID: 30170187 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) is a critical region in regulating sodium intake, and interestingly, purinergic receptors reportedly related to fluid balance, are also expressed in CeA. In this study, we investigated whether the purinergic mechanisms of CeA were involved in regulating sodium intake. Male Sprague-Dawley rats had cannulas implanted bilaterally into the CeA and were sodium depleted with furosemide (FURO 20 mg/kg) plus 24 h-sodium deficient food fed. Bilateral injections of the P2X purinergic agonist, α,β-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate (α,β-methylene ATP 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 nmol, respectively) into the CeA region induced dose-related reductions in sodium intake without affecting water intake. Injection of P2X purinergic antagonist, pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid (PPADS 4.0 nmol/0.5 μl) into the CeA region did not alter sodium and water intake, however, prior injection of PPADS into the CeA area abolished the inhibitory effects on sodium intake by α,β-methylene ATP. Interestingly, prior injection of γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor antagonist, bicuculline (4.0 nmol/0.5 μl) into the CeA region partially reversed the deficit of sodium intake induced by α,β-methylene ATP. These results suggest that purinergic receptors in the CeA are involved in the control of sodium intake in the sodium-depleted rats and this negative modulation may be, at least partly, mediated by the GABAA receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Limin Guan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, 98# Xiwu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Science, 76# W. Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Hu Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, 98# Xiwu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Science, 76# W. Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Science, 76# W. Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Science, 76# W. Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Jianqun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, 98# Xiwu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Science, 76# W. Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hu B, Qiao H, Sun B, Jia R, Fan Y, Wang N, Lu B, Yan JQ. AT1 receptor blockade in the central nucleus of the amygdala attenuates the effects of muscimol on sodium and water intake. Neuroscience 2015; 307:302-10. [PMID: 26344240 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The blockade of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) with the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol significantly reduces hypertonic NaCl and water intake by sodium-depleted rats. In the present study we investigated the effects of previous injection of losartan, an angiotensin II type-1 (AT1) receptor antagonist, into the CeA on 0.3M NaCl and water intake reduced by muscimol bilaterally injected into the same areas in rats submitted to water deprivation-partial rehydration (WD-PR) and in rats treated with the diuretic furosemide (FURO). Male Sprague-Dawley rats with stainless steel cannulas bilaterally implanted into the CeA were used. Bilateral injections of muscimol (0.2 nmol/0.5 μl, n=8 rats/group) into the CeA in WD-PR-treated rats reduced 0.3M NaCl intake and water intake, and pre-treatment of the CeA with losartan (50 μg/0.5 μl) reversed the inhibitory effect of muscimol. The negative effect of muscimol on sodium and water intake could also be blocked by pretreatment with losartan microinjected into the CeA in rats given FURO (n=8 rats/group). However, bilateral injections of losartan (50 μg/0.5 μl) alone into the CeA did not affect the NaCl or water intake. These results suggest that the deactivation of CeA facilitatory mechanisms by muscimol injection into the CeA is promoted by endogenous angiotensin II acting on AT1 receptors in the CeA, which prevents rats from ingesting large amounts of hypertonic NaCl and water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Hu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, 76# West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China; Department of Prosthodontics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, College of Stomatology, 98# Xiwu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, PR China
| | - H Qiao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, 76# West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - B Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, 76# West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - R Jia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, 76# West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Y Fan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, 76# West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - N Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, 76# West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - B Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, 76# West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - J Q Yan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, 76# West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yan J, Li J, Yan J, Sun H, Wang Q, Chen K, Sun B, Wei X, Song L, Zhao X, Wei S, Han L. Activation of μ-opioid receptors in the central nucleus of the amygdala induces hypertonic sodium intake. Neuroscience 2013; 233:28-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|