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Ji Y, Yang C, Pang X, Yan Y, Wu Y, Geng Z, Hu W, Hu P, Wu X, Wang K. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in Alzheimer's disease: effects on neural and synaptic rehabilitation. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:326-342. [PMID: 38819037 PMCID: PMC11317939 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease resulting from deficits in synaptic transmission and homeostasis. The Alzheimer's disease brain tends to be hyperexcitable and hypersynchronized, thereby causing neurodegeneration and ultimately disrupting the operational abilities in daily life, leaving patients incapacitated. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is a cost-effective, neuro-modulatory technique used for multiple neurological conditions. Over the past two decades, it has been widely used to predict cognitive decline; identify pathophysiological markers; promote neuroplasticity; and assess brain excitability, plasticity, and connectivity. It has also been applied to patients with dementia, because it can yield facilitatory effects on cognition and promote brain recovery after a neurological insult. However, its therapeutic effectiveness at the molecular and synaptic levels has not been elucidated because of a limited number of studies. This study aimed to characterize the neurobiological changes following repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment, evaluate its effects on synaptic plasticity, and identify the associated mechanisms. This review essentially focuses on changes in the pathology, amyloidogenesis, and clearance pathways, given that amyloid deposition is a major hypothesis in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Apoptotic mechanisms associated with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation procedures and different pathways mediating gene transcription, which are closely related to the neural regeneration process, are also highlighted. Finally, we discuss the outcomes of animal studies in which neuroplasticity is modulated and assessed at the structural and functional levels by using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, with the aim to highlight future directions for better clinical translations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ji
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chaoyi Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xuerui Pang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yibing Yan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhi Geng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wenjie Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Panpan Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xingqi Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Psychology and Sleep Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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Walters JM, Noblet HA, Chung HJ. An emerging role of STriatal-Enriched protein tyrosine Phosphatase in hyperexcitability-associated brain disorders. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 200:106641. [PMID: 39159894 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
STriatal-Enriched protein tyrosine Phosphatase (STEP) is a brain-specific tyrosine phosphatase that is associated with numerous neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. STEP dephosphorylates and inactivates various kinases and phosphatases critical for neuronal function and health including Fyn, Pyk2, ERK1/2, p38, and PTPα. Importantly, STEP dephosphorylates NMDA and AMPA receptors, two major glutamate receptors that mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission. This STEP-mediated dephosphorylation leads to their internalization and inhibits both Hebbian synaptic potentiation and homeostatic synaptic scaling. Hence, STEP has been widely accepted to weaken excitatory synaptic strength. However, emerging evidence implicates a novel role of STEP in neuronal hyperexcitability and seizure disorders. Genetic deletion and pharmacological blockade of STEP reduces seizure susceptibility in acute seizure mouse models and audiogenic seizures in a mouse model of Fragile X syndrome. Pharmacologic inhibition of STEP also decreases hippocampal activity and neuronal intrinsic excitability. Here, we will highlight the divergent roles of STEP in excitatory synaptic transmission and neuronal intrinsic excitability, present the potential underlying mechanisms, and discuss their impact on STEP-associated neurologic and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Walters
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Dept. of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hayden A Noblet
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Dept. of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hee Jung Chung
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Dept. of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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Prikhodko O, Freund RK, Sullivan E, Kennedy MJ, Dell'Acqua ML. Amyloid-β Causes NMDA Receptor Dysfunction and Dendritic Spine Loss through mGluR1 and AKAP150-Anchored Calcineurin Signaling. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0675242024. [PMID: 39134419 PMCID: PMC11391497 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0675-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuronal excitatory synapses are primarily located on small dendritic protrusions called spines. During synaptic plasticity underlying learning and memory, Ca2+ influx through postsynaptic NMDA-type glutamate receptors (NMDARs) initiates signaling pathways that coordinate changes in dendritic spine structure and synaptic function. During long-term potentiation (LTP), high levels of NMDAR Ca2+ influx promote increases in both synaptic strength and dendritic spine size through activation of Ca2+-dependent protein kinases. In contrast, during long-term depression (LTD), low levels of NMDAR Ca2+ influx promote decreased synaptic strength and spine shrinkage and elimination through activation of the Ca2+-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin (CaN), which is anchored at synapses via the scaffold protein A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP)150. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the pathological agent amyloid-β (Aβ) may impair learning and memory through biasing NMDAR Ca2+ signaling pathways toward LTD and spine elimination. By employing AKAP150 knock-in mice of both sexes with a mutation that disrupts CaN anchoring to AKAP150, we revealed that local, postsynaptic AKAP-CaN-LTD signaling was required for Aβ-mediated impairment of NMDAR synaptic Ca2+ influx, inhibition of LTP, and dendritic spine loss. Additionally, we found that Aβ acutely engages AKAP-CaN signaling through activation of G-protein-coupled metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) leading to dephosphorylation of NMDAR GluN2B subunits, which decreases Ca2+ influx to favor LTD over LTP, and cofilin, which promotes F-actin severing to destabilize dendritic spines. These findings reveal a novel interplay between NMDAR and mGluR1 signaling that converges on AKAP-anchored CaN to coordinate dephosphorylation of postsynaptic substrates linked to multiple aspects of Aβ-mediated synaptic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Prikhodko
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Ronald K Freund
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
- Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Emily Sullivan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Matthew J Kennedy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
- Neurotechnology Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Mark L Dell'Acqua
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
- Neurotechnology Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
- Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
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Li Z, Yin B, Zhang S, Lan Z, Zhang L. Targeting protein kinases for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: Recent progress and future perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115817. [PMID: 37722288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a serious neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory impairment, mental retardation, impaired motor balance, loss of self-care and even death. Among the complex and diverse pathological changes in AD, protein kinases are deeply involved in abnormal phosphorylation of Tau proteins to form intracellular neuronal fiber tangles, neuronal loss, extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) deposits to form amyloid plaques, and synaptic disturbances. As a disease of the elderly, the growing geriatric population is directly driving the market demand for AD therapeutics, and protein kinases are potential targets for the future fight against AD. This perspective provides an in-depth look at the role of the major protein kinases (GSK-3β, CDK5, p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, and JNK3) in the pathogenesis of AD. At the same time, the development of different protein kinase inhibitors and the current state of clinical advancement are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijia Li
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Bo Yin
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Shuangqian Zhang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Zhigang Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Lan Zhang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
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Mallozzi C, Pepponi R, Gaddini L, Casella I, Chiodi V, Popoli P, Domenici MR. Functional Interaction between Adenosine A 2A and mGlu 5 Receptors Mediates STEP Phosphatase Activation and Promotes STEP/mGlu 5R Binding in Mouse Hippocampus and Neuroblastoma Cell Line. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1350. [PMID: 37759748 PMCID: PMC10527457 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Recently, we found that adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) stimulation results in an increase in STEP phosphatase activity. In order to delve into the mechanism through which A2AR stimulation induced STEP activation, we investigated the involvement of mGlu5R since it is well documented that A2AR and mGlu5R physically and functionally interact in several brain areas. (2) Methods: In a neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) and in mouse hippocampal slices, we evaluated the enzymatic activity of STEP by using a para-nitrophenyl phosphate colorimetric assay. A co-immunoprecipitation assay and a Western blot analysis were used to evaluate STEP/mGlu5R binding. (3) Results: We found that the A2AR-dependent activation of STEP was mediated by the mGlu5R. Indeed, the A2AR agonist CGS 21680 significantly increased STEP activity, and this effect was prevented not only by the A2AR antagonist ZM 241385, as expected, but also by the mGlu5R antagonist MPEP. In addition, we found that mGlu5R agonist DHPG-induced STEP activation was reversed not only by the mGlu5R antagonist MPEP but also by ZM 241385. Finally, via co-immunoprecipitation experiments, we found that mGlu5R and STEP physically interact when both receptors are activated (4) Conclusions: These results demonstrated a close functional interaction between mGlu5 and A2A receptors in the modulation of STEP activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Mallozzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Pepponi
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.P.); (L.G.); (I.C.); (V.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Lucia Gaddini
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.P.); (L.G.); (I.C.); (V.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Ida Casella
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.P.); (L.G.); (I.C.); (V.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Valentina Chiodi
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.P.); (L.G.); (I.C.); (V.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Patrizia Popoli
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.P.); (L.G.); (I.C.); (V.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Domenici
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.P.); (L.G.); (I.C.); (V.C.); (P.P.)
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6
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Illes P, Ulrich H, Chen JF, Tang Y. Purinergic receptors in cognitive disturbances. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 185:106229. [PMID: 37453562 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purinergic receptors (Rs) of the ATP/ADP, UTP/UDP (P2X, P2Y) and adenosine (A1, A2A)-sensitive classes broadly interfere with cognitive processes both under quasi normal and disease conditions. During neurodegenerative illnesses, high concentrations of ATP are released from the damaged neuronal and non-neuronal cells of the brain; then, this ATP is enzymatically degraded to adenosine. Thus, the primary injury in neurodegenerative diseases appears to be caused by various protein aggregates on which a superimposed damage mediated by especially P2X7 and A2AR activation develops; this can be efficiently prevented by small molecular antagonists in animal models of the above diseases, or are mitigated in the respective knockout mice. Dementia is a leading symptom in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and accompanies Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD), especially in the advanced states of these illnesses. Animal experimentation suggests that P2X7 and A2ARs are also involved in a number of psychiatric diseases, such as major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive compulsive behavior, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In conclusion, small molecular antagonists of purinergic receptors are expected to supply us in the future with pharmaceuticals which are able to combat in a range of neurological/psychiatric diseases the accompanying cognitive deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Illes
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditonal Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; Rudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; International Joint Research Center for Purinergic Signaling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China.
| | - Henning Ulrich
- International Joint Research Center for Purinergic Signaling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chemistry Institute, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Whenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yong Tang
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditonal Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; International Joint Research Center for Purinergic Signaling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China.
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Mango D, Ledonne A. Updates on the Physiopathology of Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors (mGluRI)-Dependent Long-Term Depression. Cells 2023; 12:1588. [PMID: 37371058 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRI), including mGluR1 and mGluR5 subtypes, modulate essential brain functions by affecting neuronal excitability, intracellular calcium dynamics, protein synthesis, dendritic spine formation, and synaptic transmission and plasticity. Nowadays, it is well appreciated that the mGluRI-dependent long-term depression (LTD) of glutamatergic synaptic transmission (mGluRI-LTD) is a key mechanism by which mGluRI shapes connectivity in various cerebral circuitries, directing complex brain functions and behaviors, and that it is deranged in several neurological and psychiatric illnesses, including neurodevelopmental disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and psychopathologies. Here, we will provide an updated overview of the physiopathology of mGluRI-LTD, by describing mechanisms of induction and regulation by endogenous mGluRI interactors, as well as functional physiological implications and pathological deviations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Mango
- School of Pharmacy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, European Brain Research Institute, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ada Ledonne
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
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8
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Braun DJ, Frazier HN, Davis VA, Coleman MJ, Rogers CB, Van Eldik LJ. Early chronic suppression of microglial p38α in a model of Alzheimer's disease does not significantly alter amyloid-associated neuropathology. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286495. [PMID: 37256881 PMCID: PMC10231773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The p38 alpha mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38α) is linked to both innate and adaptive immune responses and is under investigation as a target for drug development in the context of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other conditions with neuroinflammatory dysfunction. While preclinical data has shown that p38α inhibition can protect against AD-associated neuropathology, the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Inhibitors of p38α may provide benefit via modulation of microglial-associated neuroinflammatory responses that contribute to AD pathology. The present study tests this hypothesis by knocking out microglial p38α and assessing early-stage pathological changes. Conditional knockout of microglial p38α was accomplished in 5-month-old C57BL/6J wild-type and amyloidogenic AD model (APPswe/PS1dE9) mice using a tamoxifen-inducible Cre/loxP system under control of the Cx3cr1 promoter. Beginning at 7.5 months of age, animals underwent behavioral assessment on the open field, followed by a later radial arm water maze test and collection of cortical and hippocampal tissues at 11 months. Additional endpoint measures included quantification of proinflammatory cytokines, assessment of amyloid burden and plaque deposition, and characterization of microglia-plaque dynamics. Loss of microglial p38α did not alter behavioral outcomes, proinflammatory cytokine levels, or overall amyloid plaque burden. However, this manipulation did significantly increase hippocampal levels of soluble Aβ42 and reduce colocalization of Iba1 and 6E10 in a subset of microglia in close proximity to plaques. The data presented here suggest that rather than reducing inflammation per se, the net effect of microglial p38α inhibition in the context of early AD-type amyloid pathology is a subtle alteration of microglia-plaque interactions. Encouragingly from a therapeutic standpoint, these data suggest no detrimental effect of even substantial decreases in microglial p38α in this context. Additionally, these results support future investigations of microglial p38α signaling at different stages of disease, as well as its relationship to phagocytic processes in this particular cell-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Braun
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Hilaree N. Frazier
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Verda A. Davis
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Meggie J. Coleman
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Colin B. Rogers
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Linda J. Van Eldik
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
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9
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Caniceiro AB, Bueschbell B, Schiedel AC, Moreira IS. Class A and C GPCR Dimers in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:2081-2141. [PMID: 35339177 PMCID: PMC9886835 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220327221830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases affect over 30 million people worldwide with an ascending trend. Most individuals suffering from these irreversible brain damages belong to the elderly population, with onset between 50 and 60 years. Although the pathophysiology of such diseases is partially known, it remains unclear upon which point a disease turns degenerative. Moreover, current therapeutics can treat some of the symptoms but often have severe side effects and become less effective in long-term treatment. For many neurodegenerative diseases, the involvement of G proteincoupled receptors (GPCRs), which are key players of neuronal transmission and plasticity, has become clearer and holds great promise in elucidating their biological mechanism. With this review, we introduce and summarize class A and class C GPCRs, known to form heterodimers or oligomers to increase their signalling repertoire. Additionally, the examples discussed here were shown to display relevant alterations in brain signalling and had already been associated with the pathophysiology of certain neurodegenerative diseases. Lastly, we classified the heterodimers into two categories of crosstalk, positive or negative, for which there is known evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B. Caniceiro
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; ,These authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - Beatriz Bueschbell
- PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal; ,These authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - Anke C. Schiedel
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Irina S. Moreira
- University of Coimbra, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; ,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal,Address correspondence to this author at the Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; E-mail:
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10
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Privitera L, Hogg EL, Lopes M, Domingos LB, Gaestel M, Müller J, Wall MJ, Corrêa SAL. The MK2 cascade mediates transient alteration in mGluR-LTD and spatial learning in a murine model of Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13717. [PMID: 36135933 PMCID: PMC9577942 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A key aim of Alzheimer disease research is to develop efficient therapies to prevent and/or delay the irreversible progression of cognitive impairments. Early deficits in long-term potentiation (LTP) are associated with the accumulation of amyloid beta in rodent models of the disease; however, less is known about how mGluR-mediated long-term depression (mGluR-LTD) is affected. In this study, we have found that mGluR-LTD is enhanced in the APPswe /PS1dE9 mouse at 7 but returns to wild-type levels at 13 months of age. This transient over-activation of mGluR signalling is coupled with impaired LTP and shifts the dynamic range of synapses towards depression. These alterations in synaptic plasticity are associated with an inability to utilize cues in a spatial learning task. The transient dysregulation of plasticity can be prevented by genetic deletion of the MAP kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2), a substrate of p38 MAPK, demonstrating that manipulating the mGluR-p38 MAPK-MK2 cascade at 7 months can prevent the shift in synapse dynamic range. Our work reveals the MK2 cascade as a potential pharmacological target to correct the over-activation of mGluR signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Privitera
- Bradford School of Pharmacy and Medical SciencesUniversity of BradfordBradfordUK,School of Medicine, Ninewells HospitalUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK,Barts and the London School of MedicineQueen Mary University of London Malta CampusVictoriaMalta
| | - Ellen L. Hogg
- Bradford School of Pharmacy and Medical SciencesUniversity of BradfordBradfordUK
| | - Marcia Lopes
- Bradford School of Pharmacy and Medical SciencesUniversity of BradfordBradfordUK
| | - Luana B. Domingos
- Bradford School of Pharmacy and Medical SciencesUniversity of BradfordBradfordUK
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institute of Cell BiochemistryHannover Medical UniversityHannoverGermany
| | - Jürgen Müller
- Bradford School of Pharmacy and Medical SciencesUniversity of BradfordBradfordUK
| | - Mark J. Wall
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
| | - Sonia A. L. Corrêa
- Bradford School of Pharmacy and Medical SciencesUniversity of BradfordBradfordUK,Faculty of Science and EngineeringManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
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11
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Taniguchi K, Yamamoto F, Amamo A, Tamaoka A, Sanjo N, Yokota T, Kametani F, Araki W. Amyloid-β oligomers interact with NMDA receptors containing GluN2B subunits and metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 in primary cortical neurons: relevance to the synapse pathology of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurosci Res 2022; 180:90-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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12
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Pelucchi S, Gardoni F, Di Luca M, Marcello E. Synaptic dysfunction in early phases of Alzheimer's Disease. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 184:417-438. [PMID: 35034752 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819410-2.00022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The synapse is the locus of plasticity where short-term alterations in synaptic strength are converted to long-lasting memories. In addition to the presynaptic terminal and the postsynaptic compartment, a more holistic view of the synapse includes the astrocytes and the extracellular matrix to form a tetrapartite synapse. All these four elements contribute to synapse health and are crucial for synaptic plasticity events and, thereby, for learning and memory processes. Synaptic dysfunction is a common pathogenic trait of several brain disorders. In Alzheimer's Disease, the degeneration of synapses can be detected at the early stages of pathology progression before neuronal degeneration, supporting the hypothesis that synaptic failure is a major determinant of the disease. The synapse is the place where amyloid-β peptides are generated and is the target of the toxic amyloid-β oligomers. All the elements constituting the tetrapartite synapse are altered in Alzheimer's Disease and can synergistically contribute to synaptic dysfunction. Moreover, the two main hallmarks of Alzheimer's Disease, i.e., amyloid-β and tau, act in concert to cause synaptic deficits. Deciphering the mechanisms underlying synaptic dysfunction is relevant for the development of the next-generation therapeutic strategies aimed at modifying the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pelucchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gardoni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Di Luca
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Marcello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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13
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Rudnitskaya EA, Burnyasheva AO, Kozlova TA, Muraleva NA, Telegina DV, Khomenko TM, Volcho KP, Salakhutdinov NF, Kolosova NG. Ambiguous Effects of Prolonged Dietary Supplementation with a Striatal-Enriched Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Inhibitor, TC-2153, on a Rat Model of Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease. NEUROCHEM J+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712421030090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and is currently incurable. After unsuccessful attempts to create drugs targeting the amyloid-β pathway, a search for alternative approaches and treatments targeting nonamyloid AD pathologies is currently underway. One of them is inhibition of striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP) activity, which is increased in the prefrontal cortex of AD patients. Here we examined effects of prolonged treatment of OXYS rats which mimic key signs of sporadic AD with a STEP inhibitor, TC-2153, on the progression of signs of AD. TC-2153 had an ambiguous effect on the behavior of the animals: it significantly reduced the already low locomotor and exploratory activities and enhanced anxiety-related behavior in OXYS rats but improved their long-term memory in the Morris water maze. Moreover, TC-2153 had no effect on the accumulation of the amyloid-β protein and on the STEP61 protein level; the latter in the cortex and hippocampus did not differ between OXYS rats and control Wistar rats. These results suggest that the effects of prolonged treatment with TC-2153 may be mediated by mechanisms not related to STEP. In particular, TC-2153 can act as a potential hydrogen sulfide donor and thus substantially affect redox homeostasis.
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14
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Durakoglugil MS, Wasser CR, Wong CH, Pohlkamp T, Xian X, Lane-Donovan C, Fritschle K, Naestle L, Herz J. Reelin Regulates Neuronal Excitability through Striatal-Enriched Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (STEP 61) and Calcium Permeable AMPARs in an NMDAR-Dependent Manner. J Neurosci 2021; 41:7340-7349. [PMID: 34290083 PMCID: PMC8412985 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0388-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease marked by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Aβ oligomers cause synaptic dysfunction early in AD by enhancing long-term depression (LTD; a paradigm for forgetfulness) via metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR)-dependent regulation of striatal-enriched tyrosine phosphatase (STEP61). Reelin is a neuromodulator that signals through ApoE (apolipoprotein E) receptors to protect the synapse against Aβ toxicity (Durakoglugil et al., 2009) Reelin signaling is impaired by ApoE4, the most important genetic risk factor for AD, and Aβ-oligomers activate metabotropic glutamate receptors (Renner et al., 2010). We therefore asked whether Reelin might also affect mGluR-LTD. To this end, we induced chemical mGluR-LTD using DHPG (Dihydroxyphenylglycine), a selective mGluR5 agonist. We found that exogenous Reelin reduces the DHPG-induced increase in STEP61, prevents the dephosphorylation of GluA2, and concomitantly blocks mGluR-mediated LTD. By contrast, Reelin deficiency increased expression of Ca2+-permeable GluA2-lacking AMPA receptors along with higher STEP61 levels, resulting in occlusion of DHPG-induced LTD in hippocampal CA1 neurons. We propose a model in which Reelin modulates local protein synthesis as well as AMPA receptor subunit composition through modulation of mGluR-mediated signaling with implications for memory consolidation or neurodegeneration.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Reelin is an important neuromodulator, which in the adult brain controls synaptic plasticity and protects against neurodegeneration. Amyloid-β has been shown to use mGluRs to induce synaptic depression through endocytosis of NMDA and AMPA receptors, a mechanism referred to as LTD, a paradigm of forgetfulness. Our results show that Reelin regulates the phosphatase STEP, which plays an important role in neurodegeneration, as well as the expression of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors, which play a role in memory formation. These data suggest that Reelin uses mGluR LTD pathways to regulate memory formation as well as neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat S Durakoglugil
- Department of Molecular Genetics
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research
| | - Catherine R Wasser
- Department of Molecular Genetics
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research
| | - Connie H Wong
- Department of Molecular Genetics
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research
| | - Theresa Pohlkamp
- Department of Molecular Genetics
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research
| | - Xunde Xian
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Courtney Lane-Donovan
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | | | - Lea Naestle
- Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Herz
- Department of Molecular Genetics
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research
- Departments of Neuroscience and
- Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
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15
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Klüssendorf M, Song I, Schau L, Morellini F, Dityatev A, Koliwer J, Kreienkamp HJ. The Golgi-Associated PDZ Domain Protein Gopc/PIST Is Required for Synaptic Targeting of mGluR5. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:5618-5634. [PMID: 34383253 PMCID: PMC8599212 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02504-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In neuronal cells, many membrane receptors interact via their intracellular, C-terminal tails with PSD-95/discs large/ZO-1 (PDZ) domain proteins. Some PDZ proteins act as scaffold proteins. In addition, there are a few PDZ proteins such as Gopc which bind to receptors during intracellular transport. Gopc is localized at the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and binds to a variety of receptors, many of which are eventually targeted to postsynaptic sites. We have analyzed the role of Gopc by knockdown in primary cultured neurons and by generating a conditional Gopc knockout (KO) mouse line. In neurons, targeting of neuroligin 1 (Nlgn1) and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) to the plasma membrane was impaired upon depletion of Gopc, whereas NMDA receptors were not affected. In the hippocampus and cortex of Gopc KO animals, expression levels of Gopc-associated receptors were not altered, while their subcellular localization was disturbed. The targeting of mGlu5 to the postsynaptic density was reduced, coinciding with alterations in mGluR-dependent synaptic plasticity and deficiencies in a contextual fear conditioning paradigm. Our data imply Gopc in the correct subcellular sorting of its associated mGlu5 receptor in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Klüssendorf
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Inseon Song
- Molecular Neuroplasticity Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lynn Schau
- Research Group Behavioral Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabio Morellini
- Research Group Behavioral Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Dityatev
- Molecular Neuroplasticity Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Judith Koliwer
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Kreienkamp
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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16
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Gasiorowska A, Wydrych M, Drapich P, Zadrozny M, Steczkowska M, Niewiadomski W, Niewiadomska G. The Biology and Pathobiology of Glutamatergic, Cholinergic, and Dopaminergic Signaling in the Aging Brain. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:654931. [PMID: 34326765 PMCID: PMC8315271 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.654931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The elderly population is growing worldwide, with important health and socioeconomic implications. Clinical and experimental studies on aging have uncovered numerous changes in the brain, such as decreased neurogenesis, increased synaptic defects, greater metabolic stress, and enhanced inflammation. These changes are associated with cognitive decline and neurobehavioral deficits. Although aging is not a disease, it is a significant risk factor for functional worsening, affective impairment, disease exaggeration, dementia, and general disease susceptibility. Conversely, life events related to mental stress and trauma can also lead to accelerated age-associated disorders and dementia. Here, we review human studies and studies on mice and rats, such as those modeling human neurodegenerative diseases, that have helped elucidate (1) the dynamics and mechanisms underlying the biological and pathological aging of the main projecting systems in the brain (glutamatergic, cholinergic, and dopaminergic) and (2) the effect of defective glutamatergic, cholinergic, and dopaminergic projection on disabilities associated with aging and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Detailed knowledge of the mechanisms of age-related diseases can be an important element in the development of effective ways of treatment. In this context, we briefly analyze which adverse changes associated with neurodegenerative diseases in the cholinergic, glutaminergic and dopaminergic systems could be targeted by therapeutic strategies developed as a result of our better understanding of these damaging mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gasiorowska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Wydrych
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patrycja Drapich
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Zadrozny
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Steczkowska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wiktor Niewiadomski
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grazyna Niewiadomska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Liu S, Zhou T, Chen D, Liu R, Qin HH, Min ZL, Liu GQ, Cao XL. In silico-determined compound from the root of Pueraria lobate alleviates synaptic plasticity injury induced by Alzheimer's disease via the p38MAPK-CREB signaling pathway. Food Funct 2021; 12:1039-1050. [PMID: 33433542 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02388d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pueraria lobata is utilized as a food source in China. The aim of this study is to combine virtual screening and molecular dynamics predictive model to screen out the potential synaptic plasticity-maintaining components from the root of P. lobate and to verify it by employing the amyloid β-injected rats' model. Eighteen compounds were identified by HPLC-MS/MS; puerarin manifested the most potential to form a stable complex with calcium/calmodulin kinase IIα (CaMK IIα), which is the key protein in synaptic plasticity by the in silico study. The further in vivo assay showed that puerarin could elevate the synaptic thickness, density, and length, relieve calcium overload, regulate the expression of CaMK IIα, and other p38MAPK-CREB signaling pathway-related biochemical criteria. The behavioral test also verified the results. Results have confirmed that the root of P. lobate can work anti-AD by maintaining the synaptic plasticity and proved the reliability of using the in silico predictive model to determine active ingredients from the natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430080, PR China. and New Drugs Innovation and Development institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430080, PR China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430080, PR China. and New Drugs Innovation and Development institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430080, PR China
| | - Dan Chen
- Wuhan Institute for Food and Cosmetic Control, Wuhan, 430012, PR China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Puren Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, PR China
| | - Huan-Huan Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430080, PR China. and New Drugs Innovation and Development institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430080, PR China
| | - Zhen-Li Min
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430080, PR China. and New Drugs Innovation and Development institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430080, PR China
| | - Guang-Qi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430080, PR China. and New Drugs Innovation and Development institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430080, PR China
| | - Xiao-Lu Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430080, PR China.
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18
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Dore K, Carrico Z, Alfonso S, Marino M, Koymans K, Kessels HW, Malinow R. PSD-95 protects synapses from β-amyloid. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109194. [PMID: 34077732 PMCID: PMC8237704 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta-amyloid (Aβ) depresses excitatory synapses by a poorly understood mechanism requiring NMDA receptor (NMDAR) function. Here, we show that increased PSD-95, a major synaptic scaffolding molecule, blocks the effects of Aβ on synapses. The protective effect persists in tissue lacking the AMPA receptor subunit GluA1, which prevents the confounding synaptic potentiation by increased PSD-95. Aβ modifies the conformation of the NMDAR C-terminal domain (CTD) and its interaction with protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), producing synaptic weakening. Higher endogenous levels or overexpression of PSD-95 block Aβ-induced effects on the NMDAR CTD conformation, its interaction with PP1, and synaptic weakening. Our results indicate that increased PSD-95 protects synapses from Aβ toxicity, suggesting that low levels of synaptic PSD-95 may be a molecular sign indicating synapse vulnerability to Aβ. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of its depalmitoylation increases PSD-95 at synapses and rescues deficits caused by Aβ, possibly opening a therapeutic avenue against Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Dore
- Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Department of Neuroscience and Section for Neurobiology, Division of Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Zachary Carrico
- Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Department of Neuroscience and Section for Neurobiology, Division of Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Stephanie Alfonso
- Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Department of Neuroscience and Section for Neurobiology, Division of Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Marc Marino
- Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Department of Neuroscience and Section for Neurobiology, Division of Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Karin Koymans
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Helmut W Kessels
- Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Department of Neuroscience and Section for Neurobiology, Division of Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roberto Malinow
- Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Department of Neuroscience and Section for Neurobiology, Division of Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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19
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Domenici MR, Mallozzi C, Pepponi R, Casella I, Chiodi V, Ferrante A, Popoli P. Insight into the Role of the STriatal-Enriched Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (STEP) in A 2A Receptor-Mediated Effects in the Central Nervous System. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:647742. [PMID: 33953681 PMCID: PMC8090931 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.647742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The STriatal-Enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase STEP is a brain-specific tyrosine phosphatase that plays a pivotal role in the mechanisms of learning and memory, and it has been demonstrated to be involved in several neuropsychiatric diseases. Recently, we found a functional interaction between STEP and adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR), a subtype of the adenosine receptor family widely expressed in the central nervous system, where it regulates motor behavior and cognition, and plays a role in cell survival and neurodegeneration. Specifically, we demonstrated the involvement of STEP in A2AR-mediated cocaine effects in the striatum and, more recently, we found that in the rat striatum and hippocampus, as well as in a neuroblastoma cell line, the overexpression of the A2AR, or its stimulation, results in an increase in STEP activity. In the present article we will discuss the functional implication of this interaction, trying to examine the possible mechanisms involved in this relation between STEP and A2ARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Domenici
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanitá, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Mallozzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Pepponi
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanitá, Rome, Italy
| | - Ida Casella
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanitá, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Chiodi
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanitá, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Ferrante
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanitá, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Popoli
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanitá, Rome, Italy
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20
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Forest KH, Taketa R, Arora K, Todorovic C, Nichols RA. The Neuroprotective Beta Amyloid Hexapeptide Core Reverses Deficits in Synaptic Plasticity in the 5xFAD APP/PS1 Mouse Model. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:576038. [PMID: 33912008 PMCID: PMC8075567 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.576038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the aging population. Evidence implicates elevated soluble oligomeric Aβ as one of the primary triggers during the prodromic phase leading to AD, effected largely via hyperphosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau. At low, physiological levels (pM-nM), however, oligomeric Aβ has been found to regulate synaptic plasticity as a neuromodulator. Through mutational analysis, we found a core hexapeptide sequence within the N-terminal domain of Aβ (N-Aβcore) accounting for its physiological activity, and subsequently found that the N-Aβcore peptide is neuroprotective. Here, we characterized the neuroprotective potential of the N-Aβcore against dysfunction of synaptic plasticity assessed in ex vivo hippocampal slices from 5xFAD APP/PS1 mice, specifically hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). The N-Aβcore was shown to reverse impairment in synaptic plasticity in hippocampal slices from 5xFAD APP/PS1 model mice, both for LTP and LTD. The reversal by the N-Aβcore correlated with alleviation of downregulation of hippocampal AMPA-type glutamate receptors in preparations from 5xFAD mice. The action of the N-Aβcore depended upon a critical di-histidine sequence and involved the phosphoinositide-3 (PI3) kinase pathway via mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin). Together, the present findings indicate that the non-toxic N-Aβcore hexapeptide is not only neuroprotective at the cellular level but is able to reverse synaptic dysfunction in AD-like models, specifically alterations in synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Robert A. Nichols
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
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21
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Bukke VN, Archana M, Villani R, Romano AD, Wawrzyniak A, Balawender K, Orkisz S, Beggiato S, Serviddio G, Cassano T. The Dual Role of Glutamatergic Neurotransmission in Alzheimer's Disease: From Pathophysiology to Pharmacotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207452. [PMID: 33050345 PMCID: PMC7589203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related dementia and neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by Aβ and tau protein deposition impairing learning, memory and suppressing synaptic plasticity of neurons. Increasing evidence suggests that there is a link between the glucose and glutamate alterations with age that down-regulates glucose utilization reducing glutamate levels in AD patients. Deviations in brain energy metabolism reinforce the development of AD by hampering glutamate levels in the brain. Glutamate is a nonessential amino acid and the major excitatory neurotransmitter synthesized from glucose. Alterations in cerebral glucose and glutamate levels precede the deposition of Aβ plaques. In the brain, over 40% of neuronal synapses are glutamatergic and disturbances in glutamatergic function have been implicated in pathophysiology of AD. Nevertheless, targeting the glutamatergic system seems to be a promising strategy to develop novel, improved therapeutics for AD. Here, we review data supporting the involvement of the glutamatergic system in AD pathophysiology as well as the efficacy of glutamatergic agents in this neurodegenerative disorder. We also discuss exciting new prospects for the development of improved therapeutics for this devastating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidyasagar Naik Bukke
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Moola Archana
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.A.); (R.V.); (A.D.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Rosanna Villani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.A.); (R.V.); (A.D.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Antonino Davide Romano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.A.); (R.V.); (A.D.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Agata Wawrzyniak
- Morphological Science Department of Human Anatomy, Medical Faculty University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.W.); (K.B.); (S.O.)
| | - Krzysztof Balawender
- Morphological Science Department of Human Anatomy, Medical Faculty University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.W.); (K.B.); (S.O.)
| | - Stanislaw Orkisz
- Morphological Science Department of Human Anatomy, Medical Faculty University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.W.); (K.B.); (S.O.)
| | - Sarah Beggiato
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Gaetano Serviddio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.A.); (R.V.); (A.D.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Tommaso Cassano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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22
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Asih PR, Prikas E, Stefanoska K, Tan ARP, Ahel HI, Ittner A. Functions of p38 MAP Kinases in the Central Nervous System. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:570586. [PMID: 33013322 PMCID: PMC7509416 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.570586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases are a central component in signaling networks in a multitude of mammalian cell types. This review covers recent advances on specific functions of p38 MAP kinases in cells of the central nervous system. Unique and specific functions of the four mammalian p38 kinases are found in all major cell types in the brain. Mechanisms of p38 activation and downstream phosphorylation substrates in these different contexts are outlined and how they contribute to functions of p38 in physiological and under disease conditions. Results in different model organisms demonstrated that p38 kinases are involved in cognitive functions, including functions related to anxiety, addiction behavior, neurotoxicity, neurodegeneration, and decision making. Finally, the role of p38 kinases in psychiatric and neurological conditions and the current progress on therapeutic inhibitors targeting p38 kinases are covered and implicate p38 kinases in a multitude of CNS-related physiological and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prita R Asih
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Prikas
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristie Stefanoska
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amanda R P Tan
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Holly I Ahel
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Arne Ittner
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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23
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P2X7 Receptors Amplify CNS Damage in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21175996. [PMID: 32825423 PMCID: PMC7504621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21175996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP is a (co)transmitter and signaling molecule in the CNS. It acts at a multitude of ligand-gated cationic channels termed P2X to induce rapid depolarization of the cell membrane. Within this receptor-channel family, the P2X7 receptor (R) allows the transmembrane fluxes of Na+, Ca2+, and K+, but also allows the slow permeation of larger organic molecules. This is supposed to cause necrosis by excessive Ca2+ influx, as well as depletion of intracellular ions and metabolites. Cell death may also occur by apoptosis due to the activation of the caspase enzymatic cascade. Because P2X7Rs are localized in the CNS preferentially on microglia, but also at a lower density on neuroglia (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes) the stimulation of this receptor leads to the release of neurodegeneration-inducing bioactive molecules such as pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, proteases, reactive oxygen and nitrogen molecules, and the excitotoxic glutamate/ATP. Various neurodegenerative reactions of the brain/spinal cord following acute harmful events (mechanical CNS damage, ischemia, status epilepticus) or chronic neurodegenerative diseases (neuropathic pain, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) lead to a massive release of ATP via the leaky plasma membrane of neural tissue. This causes cellular damage superimposed on the original consequences of neurodegeneration. Hence, blood-brain-barrier permeable pharmacological antagonists of P2X7Rs with excellent bioavailability are possible therapeutic agents for these diseases. The aim of this review article is to summarize our present state of knowledge on the involvement of P2X7R-mediated events in neurodegenerative illnesses endangering especially the life quality and duration of the aged human population.
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24
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Treyer V, Gietl AF, Suliman H, Gruber E, Meyer R, Buchmann A, Johayem A, Unschuld PG, Nitsch RM, Buck A, Ametamey SM, Hock C. Reduced uptake of [11C]-ABP688, a PET tracer for metabolic glutamate receptor 5 in hippocampus and amygdala in Alzheimer's dementia. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01632. [PMID: 32304284 PMCID: PMC7303388 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabotropic glutamate receptors play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease due to their involvement in processes of memory formation, neuroplasticity, and synaptotoxity. The objective of the current study was to study mGluR5 availability measured by [11 C]-ABP688 (ABP) in patients with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's dementia (AD). METHODS A bolus-infusion protocol of [11 C]-ABP688 was applied in 9 subjects with AD and 10 cognitively healthy controls (Controls) to derive distribution volume estimates of mGluR5. Furthermore, we also estimated cerebral perfusion by averaging early frame signal of initial ABP bolus injection. RESULTS Subjects with Alzheimer's dementia (mean age: 77.3/SD 5.7) were older than controls (mean age: 68.5/SD: 9.6) and scored lower on the MMSE (22.1/SD2.7 vs. 29.0/SD0.8). There were no overall differences in ABP signal. However, distribution volume ratio (DVR) for ABP was reduced in the bilateral hippocampus (AD: 1.34/SD: 0.40 vs. Control: 1.84/SD:0.31, p = .007) and the bilateral amygdala (AD:1.86/SD:0.26 vs. Control:2.33/SD:0.37 p = .006) in AD patients compared to controls. Estimate of cerebral blood flow was reduced in the bilateral hippocampus in AD (AD:0.75/SD:0.10 vs. Control:0.86/SD:0.09 p = .02). CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate reduced mGluR5 binding in the hippocampus and amygdala in Alzheimer's dementia. Whether this is due to synaptic loss and/or consecutive reduction of potential binding sites or reflects disease inherent mechanisms remains to be elucidated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Treyer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anton F Gietl
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Husam Suliman
- Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Esmeralda Gruber
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Rafael Meyer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Buchmann
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Anass Johayem
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul G Unschuld
- Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger M Nitsch
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Neurimmune, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Alfred Buck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon M Ametamey
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hock
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Neurimmune, Schlieren, Switzerland
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25
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Flores-Muñoz C, Gómez B, Mery E, Mujica P, Gajardo I, Córdova C, Lopez-Espíndola D, Durán-Aniotz C, Hetz C, Muñoz P, Gonzalez-Jamett AM, Ardiles ÁO. Acute Pannexin 1 Blockade Mitigates Early Synaptic Plasticity Defects in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:46. [PMID: 32265655 PMCID: PMC7103637 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic loss induced by soluble oligomeric forms of the amyloid β peptide (sAβos) is one of the earliest events in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and is thought to be the major cause of the cognitive deficits. These abnormalities rely on defects in synaptic plasticity, a series of events manifested as activity-dependent modifications in synaptic structure and function. It has been reported that pannexin 1 (Panx1), a nonselective channel implicated in cell communication and intracellular signaling, modulates the induction of excitatory synaptic plasticity under physiological contexts and contributes to neuronal death under inflammatory conditions. Here, we decided to study the involvement of Panx1 in functional and structural defects observed in excitatory synapses of the amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin 1 (PS1) transgenic (Tg) mice, an animal model of AD. We found an age-dependent increase in the Panx1 expression that correlates with increased Aβ levels in hippocampal tissue from Tg mice. Congruently, we also observed an exacerbated Panx1 activity upon basal conditions and in response to glutamate receptor activation. The acute inhibition of Panx1 activity with the drug probenecid (PBN) did not change neurodegenerative parameters such as amyloid deposition or astrogliosis, but it significantly reduced excitatory synaptic defects in the AD model by normalizing long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression and improving dendritic arborization and spine density in hippocampal neurons of the Tg mice. These results suggest a major contribution of Panx1 in the early mechanisms leading to the synaptopathy in AD. Indeed, PBN induced a reduction in the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), a kinase widely implicated in the early neurotoxic signaling in AD. Our data strongly suggest that an enhanced expression and activation of Panx1 channels contribute to the Aβ-induced cascades leading to synaptic dysfunction in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Flores-Muñoz
- Centro de Neurología Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias, Mención Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Bárbara Gómez
- Centro de Neurología Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Elena Mery
- Centro de Neurología Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Paula Mujica
- Centro de Neurología Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias, Mención Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Ivana Gajardo
- Centro de Neurología Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Claudio Córdova
- Laboratorio de Estructura y Función Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Daniela Lopez-Espíndola
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias, Mención Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Claudia Durán-Aniotz
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago de Chile, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Muñoz
- Centro de Neurología Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Arlek M Gonzalez-Jamett
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Álvaro O Ardiles
- Centro de Neurología Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios en Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
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26
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Azam S, Haque ME, Jakaria M, Jo SH, Kim IS, Choi DK. G-Protein-Coupled Receptors in CNS: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Intervention in Neurodegenerative Disorders and Associated Cognitive Deficits. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020506. [PMID: 32102186 PMCID: PMC7072884 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a large group of neurological disorders with diverse etiological and pathological phenomena. However, current therapeutics rely mostly on symptomatic relief while failing to target the underlying disease pathobiology. G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are one of the most frequently targeted receptors for developing novel therapeutics for central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Many currently available antipsychotic therapeutics also act as either antagonists or agonists of different GPCRs. Therefore, GPCR-based drug development is spreading widely to regulate neurodegeneration and associated cognitive deficits through the modulation of canonical and noncanonical signals. Here, GPCRs’ role in the pathophysiology of different neurodegenerative disease progressions and cognitive deficits has been highlighted, and an emphasis has been placed on the current pharmacological developments with GPCRs to provide an insight into a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shofiul Azam
- Department of Applied Life Science & Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (S.A.); (M.E.H.); (M.J.); (S.-H.J.)
| | - Md. Ezazul Haque
- Department of Applied Life Science & Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (S.A.); (M.E.H.); (M.J.); (S.-H.J.)
| | - Md. Jakaria
- Department of Applied Life Science & Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (S.A.); (M.E.H.); (M.J.); (S.-H.J.)
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Song-Hee Jo
- Department of Applied Life Science & Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (S.A.); (M.E.H.); (M.J.); (S.-H.J.)
| | - In-Su Kim
- Department of Integrated Bioscience & Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, and Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
- Correspondence: (I.-S.K.); (D.-K.C.); Tel.: +82-010-3876-4773 (I.-S.K.); +82-43-840-3610 (D.-K.C.); Fax: +82-43-840-3872 (D.-K.C.)
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Applied Life Science & Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (S.A.); (M.E.H.); (M.J.); (S.-H.J.)
- Department of Integrated Bioscience & Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, and Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
- Correspondence: (I.-S.K.); (D.-K.C.); Tel.: +82-010-3876-4773 (I.-S.K.); +82-43-840-3610 (D.-K.C.); Fax: +82-43-840-3872 (D.-K.C.)
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27
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Amyloid Fibril-Induced Astrocytic Glutamate Transporter Disruption Contributes to Complement C1q-Mediated Microglial Pruning of Glutamatergic Synapses. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2290-2300. [PMID: 32008166 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01885-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The complement C1q plays a critical role in microglial phagocytosis of glutamatergic synapses and in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We recently reported that upregulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling is associated with increased synaptic C1q production and subsequent microglial phagocytosis of synapses in the rodent models of AD. Here, we explored the role of astrocytic glutamate transporter in the synaptic C1q production and microglial phagocytosis of hippocampal glutamatergic synapses in a rat model of AD. Activation of astrocyte and reduction glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1) were noted after bilateral microinjection of amyloid-beta (Aβ1-40) fibrils into the hippocampal CA1 area of rats. Ceftriaxone is a β-lactam antibiotic that upregulates GLT1 expression. Bilateral microinjection of ceftriaxone recovered GLT1 expression, decreased synaptic C1q production, suppressed microglial phagocytosis of glutamatergic synapses in the hippocampal CA1, and attenuated synaptic and cognitive deficits in rats microinjected with Aβ1-40. In contrast, artificial suppression of GLT1 activity by DL-threo-beta-benzyloxyaspartate (DL-TBOA) in naïve rats induced synaptic C1q expression and microglial phagocytosis of glutamatergic synapses in the hippocampal CA1 area, resulting in synaptic and cognitive dysfunction. These findings demonstrated that impairment of astrocytic glutamate transporter plays a role in the pathogenesis of AD.
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28
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Abstract
The Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) is infamous for its proposed pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Much research on APP focusses on potential contributions to neurodegeneration, mostly based on mouse models with altered expression or mutated forms of APP. However, cumulative evidence from recent years indicates the indispensability of APP and its metabolites for normal brain physiology. APP contributes to the regulation of synaptic transmission, plasticity, and calcium homeostasis. It plays an important role during development and it exerts neuroprotective effects. Of particular importance is the soluble secreted fragment APPsα which mediates many of its physiological actions, often counteracting the effects of the small APP-derived peptide Aβ. Understanding the contribution of APP for normal functions of the nervous system is of high importance, both from a basic science perspective and also as a basis for generating new pathophysiological concepts and therapeutic approaches in AD. In this article, we review the physiological functions of APP and its metabolites, focusing on synaptic transmission, plasticity, calcium signaling, and neuronal network activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Hefter
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,RG Animal Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susann Ludewig
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Group, Braunschweig, Germany.,Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technical University Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andreas Draguhn
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Korte
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Group, Braunschweig, Germany.,Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technical University Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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29
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Henstridge CM, Tzioras M, Paolicelli RC. Glial Contribution to Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapse Loss in Neurodegeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:63. [PMID: 30863284 PMCID: PMC6399113 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapse loss is an early feature shared by many neurodegenerative diseases, and it represents the major correlate of cognitive impairment. Recent studies reveal that microglia and astrocytes play a major role in synapse elimination, contributing to network dysfunction associated with neurodegeneration. Excitatory and inhibitory activity can be affected by glia-mediated synapse loss, resulting in imbalanced synaptic transmission and subsequent synaptic dysfunction. Here, we review the recent literature on the contribution of glia to excitatory/inhibitory imbalance, in the context of the most common neurodegenerative disorders. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying pathological synapse loss will be instrumental to design targeted therapeutic interventions, taking in account the emerging roles of microglia and astrocytes in synapse remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Henstridge
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Dementia Research Institute UK, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Makis Tzioras
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Dementia Research Institute UK, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rosa C Paolicelli
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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30
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Illes P, Rubini P, Huang L, Tang Y. The P2X7 receptor: a new therapeutic target in Alzheimer’s disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:165-176. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1575811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Illes
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Patrizia Rubini
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Lumei Huang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
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31
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Bie B, Wu J, Foss JF, Naguib M. Activation of mGluR1 Mediates C1q-Dependent Microglial Phagocytosis of Glutamatergic Synapses in Alzheimer's Rodent Models. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:5568-5585. [PMID: 30652266 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1467-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Microglia and complements appear to be involved in the synaptic and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD), though the mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, utilizing two types of rodent model of AD, we reported increased complement C1q-mediated microglial phagocytosis of hippocampal glutamatergic synapses, which led to synaptic and cognitive deficits. We also found increased activity of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) in hippocampal CA1 in the modeled rodents. Artificial activation of mGluR1 signaling promoted dephosphorylation of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) and facilitated the local translation machinery of synaptic C1q mRNA, thus mimicking the C1q-mediated microglial phagocytosis of hippocampal glutamatergic synapses and synaptic and cognitive deficiency in the modeled rodents. However, suppression of mGluR1 signaling inhibited the dephosphorylation of FMRP and repressed the local translation of synaptic C1q mRNA, which consequently alleviated microglial phagocytosis of synapses and restored the synaptic and cognitive function in the rodent models. These findings illustrate a novel molecular mechanism underlying C1q-mediated microglial phagocytosis of hippocampal glutamatergic synapses in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihua Bie
- Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jiang Wu
- Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Joseph F Foss
- Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Mohamed Naguib
- Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. .,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 9500 Euclid Ave., Mail Code NB3-78, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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32
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Li S, Jin M, Liu L, Dang Y, Ostaszewski BL, Selkoe DJ. Decoding the synaptic dysfunction of bioactive human AD brain soluble Aβ to inspire novel therapeutic avenues for Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:121. [PMID: 30409172 PMCID: PMC6225562 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0626-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathologic, biochemical and genetic evidence indicates that accumulation and aggregation of amyloid β-proteins (Aβ) is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several therapeutic interventions attempting to lower Aβ have failed to ameliorate cognitive decline in patients with clinical AD significantly, but most such approaches target only one or two facets of Aβ production/clearance/toxicity and do not consider the heterogeneity of human Aβ species. As synaptic dysfunction may be among the earliest deficits in AD, we used hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) as a sensitive indicator of the early neurotoxic effects of Aβ species. Here we confirmed prior findings that soluble Aβ oligomers, much more than fibrillar amyloid plaque cores or Aβ monomers, disrupt synaptic function. Interestingly, not all (84%) human AD brain extracts are able to inhibit LTP and the degree of LTP impairment by AD brain extracts does not correlate with Aβ levels detected by standard ELISAs. Bioactive AD brain extracts also induce neurotoxicity in iPSC-derived human neurons. Shorter forms of Aβ (including Aβ1-37, Aβ1-38, Aβ1-39), pre-Aβ APP fragments (- 30 to - 1) and N-terminally extended Aβs (- 30 to + 40) each showed much less synaptotoxicity than longer Aβs (Aβ1-42 - Aβ1-46). We found that antibodies which target the N-terminus, not the C-terminus, efficiently rescued Aβ oligomer-impaired LTP and oligomer-facilitated LTD. Our data suggest that preventing soluble Aβ oligomer formation and targeting their N-terminal residues with antibodies could be an attractive combined therapeutic approach.
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33
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Recent trends in analytical approaches for detecting neurotransmitters in Alzheimer's disease. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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34
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Soluble Aβ Oligomers Impair Dipolar Heterodendritic Plasticity by Activation of mGluR in the Hippocampal CA1 Region. iScience 2018; 6:138-150. [PMID: 30240608 PMCID: PMC6137707 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble Aβ oligomers (oAβs) contribute importantly to synaptotoxicity in Alzheimer disease (AD), but the mechanisms related to heterogeneity of synaptic functions at local circuits remain elusive. Nearly all studies of the effects of oAβs on hippocampal synaptic plasticity have only examined homosynaptic plasticity. Here we stimulated the Schaffer collaterals and then simultaneously recorded in stratum radiatum (apical dendrites) and stratum oriens (basal dendrites) of CA1 neurons. We found that the apical dendrites are significantly more vulnerable to oAβ-mediated synaptic dysfunction: the heterosynaptic basal dendritic long-term potentiation (LTP) remained unchanged, whereas the homosynaptic apical LTP was impaired. However, the heterosynaptic basal dendritic plasticity induced by either spaced 10-Hz bursts or low-frequency (1-Hz) stimulation was disrupted by oAβs in a mGluR5-dependent manner. These results suggest that different firing patterns in the same neurons may be selectively altered by soluble oAβs in an early phase of AD, before frank neurodegeneration.
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Kootar S, Frandemiche ML, Dhib G, Mouska X, Lorivel T, Poupon-Silvestre G, Hunt H, Tronche F, Bethus I, Barik J, Marie H. Identification of an acute functional cross-talk between amyloid-β and glucocorticoid receptors at hippocampal excitatory synapses. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 118:117-128. [PMID: 30003950 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β is a peptide released by synapses in physiological conditions and its pathological accumulation in brain structures necessary for memory processing represents a key toxic hallmark underlying Alzheimer's disease. The oligomeric form of Amyloid-β (Aβο) is now believed to represent the main Amyloid-β species affecting synapse function. Yet, the exact molecular mechanism by which Aβο modifies synapse function remains to be fully elucidated. There is accumulating evidence that glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) might participate in Aβο generation and activity in the brain. Here, we provide evidence for an acute functional cross-talk between Aβ and GRs at hippocampal excitatory synapses. Using live imaging and biochemical analysis of post-synaptic densities (PSD) in cultured hippocampal neurons, we show that synthetic Aβo (100 nM) increases GR levels in spines and PSD. Also, in these cultured neurons, blocking GRs with two different GR antagonists prevents Aβo-mediated PSD95 increase within the PSD. By analyzing long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) in ex vivo hippocampal slices after pharmacologically blocking GR, we also show that GR signaling is necessary for Aβo-mediated LTP impairment, but not Aβo-mediated LTD induction. The necessity of neuronal GRs for Aβo-mediated LTP was confirmed by genetically removing GRs in vivo from CA1 neurons using conditional GR mutant mice. These results indicate a tight functional interplay between GR and Aβ activities at excitatory synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scherazad Kootar
- Team Physiopathology of Neuronal Circuits and Behavior, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), Valbonne, France
| | - Marie-Lise Frandemiche
- Team Physiopathology of Neuronal Circuits and Behavior, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), Valbonne, France
| | - Gihen Dhib
- Team Physiopathology of Neuronal Circuits and Behavior, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), Valbonne, France
| | - Xavier Mouska
- Team Physiopathology of Neuronal Circuits and Behavior, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), Valbonne, France
| | - Thomas Lorivel
- Behavioral Facility, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), Valbonne, France
| | - Gwenola Poupon-Silvestre
- Team Sumoylation in neuronal function and dysfunction, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), Valbonne, France
| | | | - François Tronche
- Team Gene Regulation and Adaptive Behaviors, Neurosciences Paris Seine, INSERM U 1130, CNRS UMR 8246, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Ingrid Bethus
- Team Physiopathology of Neuronal Circuits and Behavior, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), Valbonne, France
| | - Jacques Barik
- Team Physiopathology of Neuronal Circuits and Behavior, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), Valbonne, France
| | - Hélène Marie
- Team Physiopathology of Neuronal Circuits and Behavior, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), Valbonne, France.
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36
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Benarroch EE. Glutamatergic synaptic plasticity and dysfunction in Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2018; 91:125-132. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000005807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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37
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Yun D, Zhuang Y, Kreutz MR, Behnisch T. The role of 19S proteasome associated deubiquitinases in activity-dependent hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Neuropharmacology 2018; 133:354-365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Mango D, Nisticò R. Role of ASIC1a in Aβ-induced synaptic alterations in the hippocampus. Pharmacol Res 2018; 131:61-65. [PMID: 29574226 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are widely expressed in the mammalian central nervous system where they play a key role in synaptic transmission and in specific forms of memory. On the other hand, ASICs can be persistently active under pathological conditions contributing to neuronal damage in ischemic stroke, brain trauma, epilepsy and Parkinson's disease. However, to date no experimental evidence has linked ASICs to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aim of the present work was to investigate, in CA1 pyramidal neurons, the possible involvement of ASIC1a in the Aβ-mediated effect on metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptor dependent transmission. We found that, in slices pretreated with Aβ, the pharmacological blockade of ASIC1a restored the increased intrinsic excitability following group I mGlu receptor activation. This suggests that, under certain conditions, ASIC1a might further contribute to the Aβ-related depolarizing response. We have recently demonstrated that ASIC1a is also involved long-term depression (LTD) induced either by low-frequency stimulation or by application of the group I mGlu receptor agonist DHPG. Here, we have shown that psalmotoxin-1, a selective blocker of ASIC1a, rescued the DHPG-LTD facilitation associated with genetic and non-genetic models of AD. Overall, these results suggest that a functional coupling between ASIC1a and mGlu receptors occurs and might contribute to the synaptic alterations associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mango
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, European Brain Research Institute, Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome, Italy.
| | - R Nisticò
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, European Brain Research Institute, Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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39
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Caraci F, Nicoletti F, Copani A. Metabotropic glutamate receptors: the potential for therapeutic applications in Alzheimer's disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2017; 38:1-7. [PMID: 29278824 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A dysfunction of glutamate signaling is implicated at several levels in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Currently, metabotropic glutamate receptors, which have a wide distribution in the central nervous system and activate a multitude of cell signaling pathways, are pursued as targets for therapeutic intervention in Alzheimer's disease. Research is still limited, but results underscore the relevance of ongoing studies. Here we discuss the latest updates regarding metabotropic glutamate receptors and their role in Alzheimer's disease, as well as promising metabotropic glutamate receptor ligands that have been investigated in preclinical models of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Caraci
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Oasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Troina, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy; Neuromed (IRCCS), Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Agata Copani
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Catania, Italy.
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Cuddy LK, Seah C, Pasternak SH, Rylett RJ. Amino-Terminal β-Amyloid Antibody Blocks β-Amyloid-Mediated Inhibition of the High-Affinity Choline Transporter CHT. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:361. [PMID: 29163036 PMCID: PMC5681948 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common age-related neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by progressive cognitive decline. The deficits in cognition and attentional processing that are observed clinically in AD are linked to impaired function of cholinergic neurons that release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh). The high-affinity choline transporter (CHT) is present at the presynaptic cholinergic nerve terminal and is responsible for the reuptake of choline produced by hydrolysis of ACh following its release. Disruption of CHT function leads to decreased choline uptake and ACh synthesis, leading to impaired cholinergic neurotransmission. We report here that cell-derived β-amyloid peptides (Aβ) decrease choline uptake activity and cell surface CHT protein levels in SH-SY5Y neural cells. Moreover, we make the novel observation that the amount of CHT protein localizing to early endosomes and lysosomes is decreased significantly in cells that have been treated with cell culture medium that contains Aβ peptides released from neural cells. The Aβ-mediated loss of CHT proteins from lysosomes is prevented by blocking lysosomal degradation of CHT with the lysosome inhibitor bafilomycin A1 (BafA1). BafA1 also attenuated the Aβ-mediated decrease in CHT cell surface expression. Interestingly, however, lysosome inhibition did not block the effect of Aβ on CHT activity. Importantly, neutralizing Aβ using an anti-Aβ antibody directed at the N-terminal amino acids 1-16 of Aβ, but not by an antibody directed at the mid-region amino acids 22-35 of Aβ, attenuates the effect of Aβ on CHT activity and trafficking. This indicates that a specific N-terminal Aβ epitope, or specific conformation of soluble Aβ, may impair CHT activity. Therefore, Aβ immunotherapy may be a more effective therapeutic strategy for slowing the progression of cognitive decline in AD than therapies designed to promote CHT cell surface levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah K Cuddy
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Claudia Seah
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen H Pasternak
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - R Jane Rylett
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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41
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Berridge MJ. Vitamin D, reactive oxygen species and calcium signalling in ageing and disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 371:rstb.2015.0434. [PMID: 27377727 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a hormone that maintains healthy cells. It functions by regulating the low resting levels of cell signalling components such as Ca(2+) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Its role in maintaining phenotypic stability of these signalling pathways depends on the ability of vitamin D to control the expression of those components that act to reduce the levels of both Ca(2+) and ROS. This regulatory role of vitamin D is supported by both Klotho and Nrf2. A decline in the vitamin D/Klotho/Nrf2 regulatory network may enhance the ageing process, and this is well illustrated by the age-related decline in cognition in rats that can be reversed by administering vitamin D. A deficiency in vitamin D has also been linked to two of the major diseases in man: heart disease and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In cardiac cells, this deficiency alters the Ca(2+) transients to activate the gene transcriptional events leading to cardiac hypertrophy and the failing heart. In the case of AD, it is argued that vitamin D deficiency results in the Ca(2+) landscape that initiates amyloid formation, which then elevates the resting level of Ca(2+) to drive the memory loss that progresses to neuronal cell death and dementia.This article is part of the themed issue 'Evolution brings Ca(2+) and ATP together to control life and death'.
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Lee JK, Kim NJ. Recent Advances in the Inhibition of p38 MAPK as a Potential Strategy for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22081287. [PMID: 28767069 PMCID: PMC6152076 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a crucial target for chronic inflammatory diseases. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, as well as neurodegeneration, and there is no known cure. Recent studies on the underlying biology of AD in cellular and animal models have indicated that p38 MAPK is capable of orchestrating diverse events related to AD, such as tau phosphorylation, neurotoxicity, neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction. Thus, the inhibition of p38 MAPK is considered a promising strategy for the treatment of AD. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the targeting of p38 MAPK as a potential strategy for the treatment of AD and envision possibilities of p38 MAPK inhibitors as a fundamental therapeutics for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Kil Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Nam-Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
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43
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Grochowska KM, Yuanxiang P, Bär J, Raman R, Brugal G, Sahu G, Schweizer M, Bikbaev A, Schilling S, Demuth HU, Kreutz MR. Posttranslational modification impact on the mechanism by which amyloid-β induces synaptic dysfunction. EMBO Rep 2017; 18:962-981. [PMID: 28420656 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201643519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligomeric amyloid-β (Aβ) 1-42 disrupts synaptic function at an early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Multiple posttranslational modifications of Aβ have been identified, among which N-terminally truncated forms are the most abundant. It is not clear, however, whether modified species can induce synaptic dysfunction on their own and how altered biochemical properties can contribute to the synaptotoxic mechanisms. Here, we show that a prominent isoform, pyroglutamated Aβ3(pE)-42, induces synaptic dysfunction to a similar extent like Aβ1-42 but by clearly different mechanisms. In contrast to Aβ1-42, Aβ3(pE)-42 does not directly associate with synaptic membranes or the prion protein but is instead taken up by astrocytes and potently induces glial release of the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα. Moreover, Aβ3(pE)-42-induced synaptic dysfunction is not related to NMDAR signalling and Aβ3(pE)-42-induced impairment of synaptic plasticity cannot be rescued by D1-agonists. Collectively, the data point to a scenario where neuroinflammatory processes together with direct synaptotoxic effects are caused by posttranslational modification of soluble oligomeric Aβ and contribute synergistically to the onset of synaptic dysfunction in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - PingAn Yuanxiang
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Julia Bär
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Emmy-Noether Group "Neuronal Protein Transport", Center for Molecular Neurobiology ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rajeev Raman
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gemma Brugal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giriraj Sahu
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Schweizer
- Morphology Unit, Center for Molecular Neurobiology ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arthur Bikbaev
- RG Molecular Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Schilling
- Department of Drug Design and Target Validation MWT, Fraunhofer Institute of Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI Leipzig, Halle, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Demuth
- Department of Drug Design and Target Validation MWT, Fraunhofer Institute of Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI Leipzig, Halle, Germany
| | - Michael R Kreutz
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany .,Leibniz Group "Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function", Center for Molecular Neurobiology ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany
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Guo J, Chang L, Li C, Li M, Yan P, Guo Z, Wang C, Zha Q, Wang Q. SB203580 reverses memory deficits and depression-like behavior induced by microinjection of Aβ 1-42 into hippocampus of mice. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:57-68. [PMID: 27488110 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9880-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A high co-morbidity between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and depression suggests there might be similar mechanisms underlying the course of these diseases. Previous studies have shown that p38MAPK plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of AD and depression. However, little is known about whether SB203580, a selective inhibitor of p38MAPK, may protect against AD-associated cognitive impairments and depression-like behavior, simultaneously. Herein, we have shown, for the first time, that SB203580 may reverse memory impairments and depression-like behavior induced by hippocampal infusion of β-amyloid 1-42 (Aβ1-42), as measured by novel object recognition, Morris water maze, tail-suspension and forced-swimming tests. In addition, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a PKC activator which also activates p38MAPK, significantly abolished the effects of SB203580. Moreover, Aβ1-42 causes increased phosphorylation of p38MAPK and decreased phosphorylation of Ser9-glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) in the hippocampus of mice, which could be significantly reversed by SB203580. Our results suggest that SB203580 reversed Aβ1-42-induced cognitive impairments and depression-like behavior via inhibiting p38MAPK signaling pathway, which not only supports p38MAPK as a therapeutic target for AD-associated cognitive dysfunction and depression-like behavior, but also provides experimental basis for the use of SB203580 in co-morbidity of AD and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiejie Guo
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Chang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenli Li
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiyun Yan
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Guo
- School of Medicine, Lishui University, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuang Wang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qin Zha
- The Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315200, China.
| | - Qinwen Wang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China.
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The Rapid Effect of Bisphenol-A on Long-Term Potentiation in Hippocampus Involves Estrogen Receptors and ERK Activation. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:5196958. [PMID: 28255459 PMCID: PMC5307006 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5196958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol-A (BPA), a widely used synthetic compound in plastics, disrupts endocrine function and interferes with physiological actions of endogenous gonadal hormones. Chronic effects of BPA on reproductive function, learning and memory, brain structure, and social behavior have been intensively investigated. However, less is known about the influence of BPA on long-term potentiation (LTP), one of the major cellular mechanisms that underlie learning and memory. In the present study, for the first time we investigated the effect of different doses of BPA on hippocampal LTP in rat brain slices. We found a biphasic effect of BPA on LTP in the dentate gyrus: exposure to BPA at a low dose (100 nM) enhanced LTP and exposure to BPA at a high dose (1000 nM) inhibited LTP compared with vehicle controls. The rapid facilitatory effect of low-dose BPA on hippocampal LTP required membrane-associated estrogen receptor (ER) and involved activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. Coadministration of 17β-estradiol (E2, the primary estrogen hormone) and BPA (100 nM) abolished both the BPA-induced enhancement of LTP and the E2-induced enhancement of baseline fEPSP, suggesting a complex interaction between BPA- and E2-mediated signaling pathways. Our investigation implies that even nanomolar levels of endocrine disrupters (e.g., BPA) can induce significant effects on hippocampal LTP.
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46
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Ludewig S, Korte M. Novel Insights into the Physiological Function of the APP (Gene) Family and Its Proteolytic Fragments in Synaptic Plasticity. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 9:161. [PMID: 28163673 PMCID: PMC5247455 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is well known to be involved in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) via its cleavage product amyloid ß (Aß). However, the physiological role of APP, its various proteolytic products and the amyloid precursor-like proteins 1 and 2 (APLP1/2) are still not fully clarified. Interestingly, it has been shown that learning and memory processes represented by functional and structural changes at synapses are altered in different APP and APLP1/2 mouse mutants. In addition, APP and its fragments are implicated in regulating synaptic strength further reinforcing their modulatory role at the synapse. While APLP2 and APP are functionally redundant, the exclusively CNS expressed APLP1, might have individual roles within the synaptic network. The proteolytic product of non-amyloidogenic APP processing, APPsα, emerged as a neurotrophic peptide that facilitates long-term potentiation (LTP) and restores impairments occurring with age. Interestingly, the newly discovered η-secretase cleavage product, An-α acts in the opposite direction, namely decreasing LTP. In this review we summarize recent findings with emphasis on the physiological role of the APP gene family and its proteolytic products on synaptic function and plasticity, especially during processes of hippocampal LTP. Therefore, we focus on literature that provide electrophysiological data by using different mutant mouse strains either lacking full-length or parts of the APP proteins or that utilized secretase inhibitors as well as secreted APP fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Ludewig
- Division of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Korte
- Division of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU BraunschweigBraunschweig, Germany; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, AG NINDBraunschweig, Germany
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47
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Metabotropic glutamate receptors and neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacol Res 2017; 115:179-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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48
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Lombroso PJ, Ogren M, Kurup P, Nairn AC. Molecular underpinnings of neurodegenerative disorders: striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase signaling and synaptic plasticity. F1000Res 2016; 5. [PMID: 29098072 PMCID: PMC5642311 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.8571.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This commentary focuses on potential molecular mechanisms related to the dysfunctional synaptic plasticity that is associated with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Specifically, we focus on the role of striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP) in modulating synaptic function in these illnesses. STEP affects neuronal communication by opposing synaptic strengthening and does so by dephosphorylating several key substrates known to control synaptic signaling and plasticity. STEP levels are elevated in brains from patients with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Studies in model systems have found that high levels of STEP result in internalization of glutamate receptors as well as inactivation of ERK1/2, Fyn, Pyk2, and other STEP substrates necessary for the development of synaptic strengthening. We discuss the search for inhibitors of STEP activity that may offer potential treatments for neurocognitive disorders that are characterized by increased STEP activity. Future studies are needed to examine the mechanisms of differential and region-specific changes in STEP expression pattern, as such knowledge could lead to targeted therapies for disorders involving disrupted STEP activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Lombroso
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | - Marilee Ogren
- Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Pradeep Kurup
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | - Angus C Nairn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
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Wasser CR, Herz J. Reelin: Neurodevelopmental Architect and Homeostatic Regulator of Excitatory Synapses. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:1330-1338. [PMID: 27994051 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r116.766782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over half a century ago, D. S. Falconer first reported a mouse with a reeling gate. Four decades later, the Reln gene was isolated and identified as the cause of the reeler phenotype. Initial studies found that loss of Reelin, a large, secreted glycoprotein encoded by the Reln gene, results in abnormal neuronal layering throughout several regions of the brain. In the years since, the known functions of Reelin signaling in the brain have expanded to include multiple postdevelopmental neuromodulatory roles, revealing an ever increasing body of evidence to suggest that Reelin signaling is a critical player in the modulation of synaptic function. In writing this review, we intend to highlight the most fundamental aspects of Reelin signaling and integrate how these various neuromodulatory effects shape and protect synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine R Wasser
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics.,Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, and
| | - Joachim Herz
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics, .,Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, and.,Department of Neuroscience.,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390
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Westmark CJ, Sokol DK, Maloney B, Lahiri DK. Novel roles of amyloid-beta precursor protein metabolites in fragile X syndrome and autism. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:1333-41. [PMID: 27573877 PMCID: PMC5580495 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of inherited intellectual disability and is associated with up to 5% of autism cases. Several promising drugs are in preclinical testing for FXS; however, bench-to-bedside plans for the clinic are severely limited due to lack of validated biomarkers and outcome measures. Published work from our laboratories has demonstrated altered levels of amyloid-beta (Aβ) precursor protein (APP) and its metabolites in FXS and idiopathic autism. Westmark and colleagues have focused on β-secretase (amyloidogenic) processing and the accumulation of Aβ peptides in adult FXS models, whereas Lahiri and Sokol have studied α-secretase (non-amyloidogenic or anabolic) processing and altered levels of sAPPα and Aβ in pediatric autism and FXS. Thus, our groups have hypothesized a pivotal role for these Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related proteins in the neurodevelopmental disorders of FXS and autism. In this review, we discuss the contribution of APP metabolites to FXS and autism pathogenesis as well as the potential use of these metabolites as blood-based biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Our future focus is to identify key underlying mechanisms through which APP metabolites contribute to FXS and autism condition-to-disease pathology. Positive outcomes will support utilizing APP metabolites as blood-based biomarkers in clinical trials as well as testing drugs that modulate APP processing as potential disease therapeutics. Our studies to understand the role of APP metabolites in developmental conditions such as FXS and autism are a quantum leap for the neuroscience field, which has traditionally restricted any role of APP to AD and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara J. Westmark
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Neurology, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Deborah K. Sokol
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Bryan Maloney
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Debomoy K. Lahiri
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indianapolis, IN USA
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