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Golovko AI, Ivanov MB, Golovko ES, Dolgo-Saburov VB, Zatsepin EP. The Neurochemical Mechanisms of the Pharmacological Activities of Inverse Agonists of the Benzodiazepine Binding Site. NEUROCHEM J+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712418030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Abbas G, Mahmood W, Kabir N. Recent progress on the role of GABAergic neurotransmission in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Rev Neurosci 2018; 27:449-55. [PMID: 26812781 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2015-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite their possible causative role, targeting amyloidosis, tau phosphorylation, acetylcholine esterase, glutamate, oxidative stress and mitochondrial metabolism have not yet led to the development of drugs to cure Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent preclinical and clinical reports exhibit a surge in interest in the role of GABAergic neurotransmission in the pathogenesis of AD. The interaction among GABAergic signaling, amyloid-β and acetylcholine is shown to affect the homeostasis between excitation (glutamate) and inhibition (GABA) in the brain. As a consequence, over-excitation leads to neurodegeneration (excitotoxicity) and impairment in the higher level functions. Previously, the glutamate arm of this balance received the most attention. Recent literature suggests that over-excitation is primarily mediated by dysfunctional GABA signaling and can possibly be restored by rectifying anomalous metabolism observed in the GABAergic neurons during AD. Additionally, neurogenesis and synaptogenesis have also been linked with GABAergic signaling. This association may provide a basis for the needed repair mechanism. Furthermore, several preclinical interventional studies revealed that targeting various GABA receptor subtypes holds potential in overcoming the memory deficits associated with AD. In conclusion, the recent scientific literature suggests that GABAergic signaling presents itself as a promising target for anti-AD drug development.
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AC-3933, a benzodiazepine partial inverse agonist, improves memory performance in MK-801-induced amnesia mouse model. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2016; 144:45-52. [PMID: 26946254 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AC-3933, a novel benzodiazepine receptor partial inverse agonist, is a drug candidate for cognitive disorders including Alzheimer's disease. We have previously reported that AC-3933 enhances acetylcholine release in the rat hippocampus and ameliorates scopolamine-induced memory impairment and age-related cognitive decline in both rats and mice. In this study, we further evaluated the procognitive effect of AC-3933 on memory impairment induced by MK-801, an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist, in mice. Unlike the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor donepezil and the benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonist FG-7142, oral administration of AC-3933 significantly ameliorated MK-801-induced memory impairment in the Y-maze test and in the object location test. Interestingly, the procognitive effects of AC-3933 on MK-801-induced memory impairment were not affected by the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist flumazenil, although this was not the case for the beneficial effects of AC-3933 on scopolamine-induced memory deficit. Moreover, the onset of AC-3933 ameliorating effect on scopolamine- or MK-801-induced memory impairment was different in the Y-maze test. Taken together, these results indicate that AC-3933 improves memory deficits caused by both cholinergic and glutamatergic hypofunction and suggest that the ameliorating effect of AC-3933 on MK-801-induced memory impairment is mediated by a mechanism other than inverse activation of the benzodiazepine receptor.
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Efficient one-pot synthesis of 3,7-disubstituted 1,6-naphthyridin-2(1H)-ones through regioselective palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling and SNAr reactions. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.03.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Procognitive effect of AC-3933 in aged mice, and synergistic effect of combination with donepezil in scopolamine-treated mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 745:123-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hatayama Y, Hashimoto T, Kohayakawa H, Kiyoshi T, Nakamichi K, Kinoshita T, Yoshida N. In vivo pharmacological characterization of AC-3933, a benzodiazepine receptor partial inverse agonist for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience 2014; 265:217-25. [PMID: 24513386 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
GABAergic neurons are known to inhibit neural transduction and therefore negatively affect excitatory neural circuits in the brain. We have previously reported that 5-(3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1,6-naphthyridin-2(1H)-one (AC-3933), a partial inverse agonist for the benzodiazepine receptor (BzR), reverses GABAergic inhibitory effect on cholinergic neurons, and thus enhances acetylcholine release from these neurons in rat hippocampal slices. In this study, we evaluated AC-3933 potential for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, a disorder characterized by progressive decline mainly in cholinergic function. Oral administration of AC-3933 (0.01-0.03mg/kg) resulted in the amelioration of scopolamine-induced amnesia, as well as a shift in electroencephalogram (EEG) relative power characteristic of pro-cognitive cholinergic activators, such as donepezil. In addition, treatment with AC-3933 even at the high dose of 100mg/kg p.o. produced no seizure or anxiety, two major adverse effects of BzR inverse agonists developed in the past. These findings indicate that AC-3933 with its low risk for side effects may be useful in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hatayama
- Drug Development Research Laboratories, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0053, Japan.
| | - T Hashimoto
- Drug Development Research Laboratories, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0053, Japan
| | - H Kohayakawa
- Innovative Drug Discovery Laboratories, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0053, Japan
| | - T Kiyoshi
- Drug Development Research Laboratories, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0053, Japan
| | - K Nakamichi
- Drug Development Research Laboratories, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0053, Japan
| | - T Kinoshita
- Research Administration, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0053, Japan
| | - N Yoshida
- Innovative Drug Discovery Laboratories, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0053, Japan
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