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Li J, Sun Y, Bi H. Exploring molecular mechanisms of diazinon toxicity in HT22 hippocampal neurons through integrated miRNA and mRNA profiling. Comput Biol Med 2024; 182:109091. [PMID: 39241324 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.109091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Diazinon (DZN), a persistent organophosphate insecticide, has been associated with neurotoxic effects, particularly in the hippocampus. However, the specific molecular mechanisms of DZN-induced hippocampal toxicity remain unknown. In this study, we analyzed the mRNA and miRNA expression patterns of HT22 cells following exposure to DZN (125 μM), and the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were conducted subsequently. The integration of miRNA sequencing (miRNA-seq) and mRNA sequencing (mRNA-seq) data identified 33 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMIs, 15 up-regulated and 18 down-regulated) and 271 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs, 69 up-regulated and 202 down-regulated) targeted by the DEMIs. Moreover, the 3 most central mRNAs (ITGAV, FN1, and EGFR) and 7 associated miRNAs (mmu-miR-700-5p, mmu-miR-26a-2-3p, mmu-miR-452-3p, mmu-miR-25-3p, mmu-miR-582-5p, mmu-miR-467a-5p, and mmu-miR-467b-5p) were screened and validated using quantitative real-time PCR. Furthermore, the GO analysis revealed that the identified DEMs were enriched in biological adhesion extracellular matrix, and growth factor binding, while the KEGG analysis suggested that the enriched DEMs were involved in ECM-receptor interaction, mTOR signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and AMPK signaling pathway. Our results may aid in elucidating the underlying mechanisms associated with DZN-induced hippocampal toxicity and provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis of neurotoxicity triggered by other organophosphorus pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Yun Long District, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, 1 Zhiyuan Road, Lin Gui District, Guilin, 541001, China
| | - Haoran Bi
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Yun Long District, Xuzhou, 221000, China.
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Zhu Y, Xu Y, Dai Y, Zhang G, Ji C, Zhang Q, Zhao M. Comparing the enantioselective toxicity on cell cycle and apoptosis of DL-glufosinate and L-glufosinate to SH-SY5Y cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:165106. [PMID: 37356769 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Glufosinate (Glu), a broad-spectrum and highly effective non-selective herbicide, behaves in typical chiral features to target organisms. However, the information on the enantioselective toxicity of DL-Glu and L-Glu against non-target organisms is still limited especially at environmental concentrations. In this study, we investigated the potential mechanism accounting for the enantioselective cytotoxicity of Glu based on cell cycle and apoptosis. Results showed that DL-Glu and L-Glu had no suppression on cell viability at 10-5 M, however, SH-SY5Y cells were significantly arrested at G1/G0 phase after L-Glu exposure compared with DL-Glu. The apoptosis assay exhibited an increase in late apoptosis cells and a decrease in viable cells for DL-Glu and L-Glu treatment. The bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that alterations in transcription translation and signal transduction including "calcium signaling pathway", "Wnt signaling pathway", "FoxO signaling pathway" were the possible pathways responsible for Glu-induced enantioselectivity in cell cycle and apoptosis. Interestingly, the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) also revealed the probable association between DL-Glu exposure and degenerative diseases. These findings serve as a reminder that caution should be exercised not only when using pesticide racemates but also when promoting or applying single- or enriched-isomer pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; College of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, PR China
| | - Yongan Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, PR China
| | - Yaoyao Dai
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Guizhen Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Chenyang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China.
| | - Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Meirong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
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Savy CY, Fitchett AE, Blain PG, Morris CM, Judge SJ. Gene expression analysis reveals chronic low level exposure to the pesticide diazinon affects psychological disorders gene sets in the adult rat. Toxicology 2017; 393:90-101. [PMID: 29108742 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic low level exposure to organophosphate (OPs) pesticides in adulthood has been linked to adverse neurobehavioural deficits and psychological disorder symptoms, although this remains a contentious issue. The OP-induced biological changes that could underlie these effects are unclear. We assessed gene expression changes following chronic low level exposure to diazinon, a pesticide with a high dietary exposure risk. Adult male rats were orally exposed to diazinon (0, 1, 2mg/kg, 5days a week for 12 weeks). After 4 weeks, marble burying behaviour was lower in diazinon exposed rats than vehicle exposed rats; this difference persisted for 8 weeks. Chronic diazinon exposure did not significantly inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity, the primary mechanism of action of high level OPs. Affymetrix GeneChip® HT RG-230 PM Arrays were used for gene profiling followed by Ingenuity Pathway analysis. In the hippocampus, the most significant gene expression changes caused by OP exposure were associated with Psychological Disorders, and Cell-To-Cell Signalling and Interaction functions. Genes encoding the AMPA3 glutamate receptor, glutaminase, dopamine transporter and tyrosine hydroxylase were up-regulated, whereas the gene encoding the GABAB1 receptor was down-regulated. In the dorsal raphe nucleus, genes associated with development and the Psychological Disorders function were significantly affected, including the up-regulation of the gene encoding the α1b-adrenoceptor, the major driver of serotoninergic (5-HT) neuronal activity. These data indicate that chronic exposure to diazinon in adulthood, below the threshold to inhibit acetylcholinesterase, stimulates glutamatergic, dopaminergic and serotonergic synaptic transmission which may underlie adverse neurological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Y Savy
- Medical Toxicology Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AA, UK; Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Ann E Fitchett
- Medical Toxicology Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AA, UK; Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Peter G Blain
- Medical Toxicology Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AA, UK; Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Christopher M Morris
- Medical Toxicology Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AA, UK; Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Sarah J Judge
- Medical Toxicology Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AA, UK; Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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Rauh VA, Margolis AE. Research Review: Environmental exposures, neurodevelopment, and child mental health - new paradigms for the study of brain and behavioral effects. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2016; 57:775-93. [PMID: 26987761 PMCID: PMC4914412 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental exposures play a critical role in the genesis of some child mental health problems. METHODS We open with a discussion of children's vulnerability to neurotoxic substances, changes in the distribution of toxic exposures, and cooccurrence of social and physical exposures. We address trends in prevalence of mental health disorders, and approaches to the definition of disorders that are sensitive to the subtle effects of toxic exposures. We suggest broadening outcomes to include dimensional measures of autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and child learning capacity, as well as direct assessment of brain function. FINDINGS We consider the impact of two important exposures on children's mental health: lead and pesticides. We argue that longitudinal research designs may capture the cascading effects of exposures across biological systems and the full-range of neuropsychological endpoints. Neuroimaging is a valuable tool for observing brain maturation under varying environmental conditions. A dimensional approach to measurement may be sensitive to subtle subclinical toxic effects, permitting the development of exposure-related profiles and testing of complex functional relationships between brain and behavior. Questions about the neurotoxic effects of chemicals become more pressing when viewed through the lens of environmental justice. CONCLUSIONS Reduction in the burden of child mental health disorders will require longitudinal study of neurotoxic exposures, incorporating dimensional approaches to outcome assessment, and measures of brain function. Research that seeks to identify links between toxic exposures and mental health outcomes has enormous public health and societal value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia A Rauh
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amy E Margolis
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Bagherpour Shamloo H, Golkari S, Faghfoori Z, Movassaghpour A, Lotfi H, Barzegari A, Yari Khosroushahi A. Lactobacillus Casei Decreases Organophosphorus Pesticide Diazinon Cytotoxicity in Human HUVEC Cell Line. Adv Pharm Bull 2016; 6:201-10. [PMID: 27478782 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2016.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Exposure to diazinon can trigger acute and chronic toxicity and significantly induces DNA damage and proapoptotic effects in different human cells. Due to the significance of probiotic bacteria antitoxin effect, this study aimed to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus casei on diazinon (DZN) cytotoxicity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro. METHODS The cytotoxicity assessments were performed by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test, DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining and flow cytometric methodologies. RESULTS Cytotoxic assessments through flow cytometry/ DAPI staining demonstrated that apoptosis is the main cytotoxic mechanism of diazinon in HUVEC cells and L. casei could decrease the diazinon cytotoxic effects on toxicants. CONCLUSION the screen of total bacterial secreted metabolites can be considered as a wealthy source to find the new active compounds to introduce as reducing agricultural remained pesticide cytotoxicity effects on the human food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Bagherpour Shamloo
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.; Dryland Agricultural Research Institute (DARI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Maragheh, Iran
| | - Saber Golkari
- Dryland Agricultural Research Institute (DARI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Maragheh, Iran
| | - Zeinab Faghfoori
- Tuberculosis & Lung Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - AliAkbar Movassaghpour
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hajie Lotfi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51664, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Barzegari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51664, Iran
| | - Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Rashedinia M, Hosseinzadeh H, Imenshahidi M, Lari P, Razavi BM, Abnous K. Effect of exposure to diazinon on adult rat’s brain. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 32:714-20. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233713504806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Diazinon (DZN), a commonly used agricultural organophosphate insecticide, is one of the major concerns for human health. This study was planned to investigate neurotoxic effects of subacute exposure to DZN in adult male Wistar rats. Animals received corn oil as control and 15 and 30 mg/kg DZN orally by gastric gavage for 4 weeks. The cerebrum malondialdehyde and glutathione (GSH) contents were assessed as biomarkers of lipid peroxidation and nonenzyme antioxidants, respectively. Moreover, activated forms of caspase 3, -9, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratios were evaluated as key apoptotic proteins. Results of this study suggested that chronic administration of DZN did not change lipid peroxidation and GSH levels significantly in comparison with control. Also, the active forms of caspase 3 and caspase 9 were not significantly altered in DZN-treated rat groups. Moreover, no significant changes were observed in Bax and Bcl-2 ratios. This study indicated that generation of reactive oxygen species was probably modulated by intracellular antioxidant system. In conclusion, subacute oral administration of DZN did not alter lipid peroxidation. Moreover, apoptosis induction was not observed in rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Rashedinia
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohsen Imenshahidi
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Parisa Lari
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran
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