1
|
Garcia-Silva J, Borrego IRS, Navarrete NN, Peralta-Ramirez MI, Águila FJ, Caballo VE. Efficacy of cognitive-behavioural therapy for lifestyle modification in metabolic syndrome: a randomised controlled trial with a 18-months follow-up. Psychol Health 2024; 39:195-215. [PMID: 35345950 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2022.2055023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the efficacy of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) for lifestyle modification in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). DESIGN 76 MetS patients completed this clinical trial, with 18 months follow-up. 45 participants from the experimental group (EG - CBT) and 31 to the control group (CG - usual care). The CBT programme was performed by a psychologist in a face-to-face group format, during 12 weekly sessions lasting 90 minutes. The intervention for the CG consisted of workshops with basic information about MetS and it's associated cardiovascular risk. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Efficacy of (CBT) in (MetS) patients. RESULTS Results showed reduction in weight (mean difference - MD -2.633, 95%CI [-4.322, -0.943]; p<.003), waist circumference (MD -2.944, 95%CI [-5.090, -0.798]; p<.008), body mass index (MD -0.915, 95%CI [-1.494, -0.335]; p<.003), systolic (MD -0.046, 95%CI [-0.685, -0.023]; p<.0002) diastolic blood pressure (MD -4.777, 95%CI [-7.750, -1.804]; p<.002), and cardiovascular risk score after 18 months. An increase in adherence to the Mediterranean diet and assertiveness and a reduction in anger were observed in EG. The CG did not show any significant differences. CONCLUSION The CBT focused on changes in lifestyle seems to be effective in the reduction of MetS and cardiovascular risk factors. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02949622) - PROMETS (Multimodal Intervention Program for Patients with Metabolic Syndrome).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Garcia-Silva
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, School of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Nuria Navarrete Navarrete
- Clinical Management Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Complex of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - María Isabel Peralta-Ramirez
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, School of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIMCYC: Centre for Mind, Brain and Behavioural Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Jaén Águila
- Hypertension and Vascular Risk Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Complex of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Vicente E Caballo
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, School of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIMCYC: Centre for Mind, Brain and Behavioural Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Niu Y, Cao H, Zhou H, Cao J, Wang Z. Effects of a vegetarian diet combined with exercise on lipid profiles and blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:2289-2303. [PMID: 36106474 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2122923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the combined effects of a vegetarian diet (VD) and exercise on total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) parameters. A literature search was conducted in electronic databases from build to February 27, 2022. Data were synthesized using random effects model and were expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD)/weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Overall, 27 trials with 9,251 participants were included. Pooled results indicated that the combination of a VD and exercise significantly reduced TC (SMD: -0.524; 95% CI: -0.602, -0.446; p < 0.001), LDL-C (SMD: -0.379; 95% CI: -0.471, -0.287; p < 0.001), HDL-C (SMD: -0.213; 95% CI: -0.299, -0.126; p < 0.001), TG (SMD: -0.090; 95% CI: -0.160, -0.020; p = 0.012), SBP (WMD: -7.664 mm Hg; 95% CI: -9.219, -6.109 mm Hg; p < 0.001), and DBP (WMD: -4.347 mm Hg; 95% CI: -5.099, -3.596 mm Hg; p < 0.001). These parameters were reduced more following a low-fat VD, or a mixed high-frequency exercise, especially under strict supervision. Surprisingly, the decreased HDL-C due to VD was observed to recover with the prolongation of exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Niu
- School of Sports and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Physical Education, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Zhou
- Department of Physical Education, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianmin Cao
- School of Sports Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Sports and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Association between body fat parameters and arterial stiffness. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20536. [PMID: 34654852 PMCID: PMC8519992 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00175-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of body fat on arterial stiffness remains controversial. This study was performed to investigate the associations between four different types of body fat parameters and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). A total of 3758 subjects (mean age, 53.4 ± 8.8 years; females, 36.3%) who underwent health check-up were retrospectively analyzed. Anthropometric parameters including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist–hip ratio (WHR) were assessed, and visceral fat area (VFA) was calculated by bioelectrical impedance analysis. In simple linear correlation analyses, baPWV was associated with WC, WHR and VFA (P < 0.001 for each), but not with BMI (P = 0.175). In multivariable analyses, BMI and WC were not associated with baPWV (P > 0.05 for each). Even after controlling for potential confounders, higher baPWV was significantly associated not only with higher WHR [for > 0.90 in men and > 0.85 in women: odds ratio (OR), 1.23; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06–1.42; P = 0.005; for the highest tertile compared to the lowest tertile: OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.15–1.66; P < 0.001], but also with higher VFA (for ≥ 100 cm2: OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.20–1.60; P < 0.001; for the highest tertile compared to the lowest tertile: OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.48–2.12; P < 0.001). Our study showed that baPWV was correlated with WHR and VFA, but not with BMI and WC. This implies that arterial stiffness may be more strongly associated with abdominal obesity than overall obesity.
Collapse
|
4
|
Kong XL, Ma XJ, Zhang CY, Xu DM. Clustering of major cardiovascular risk factors is associated with arterial stiffness in adults. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2019; 4:254-259. [PMID: 30603743 PMCID: PMC6308915 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Previous studies have indicated that clustering of major CVD risk factors is common. We aimed to explore the association of clustering of CVD risk factors with arterial stiffness in adults. Methods A total of 9984 adults were enrolled. We investigated clustering of four major CVD risk factors (defined as two or more of the following: hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and high body mass index) and their association with arterial stiffness. Arterial stiffness was evaluated using the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV). Results In the study group (52.2% men, the mean age was 55.4 ± 10.5 years; only 11.9% of participants were free of any pre-defined CVD risk factors and 61.8% of participants had clustering of CVD risk factors. The cfPWV was significantly higher in the clustered risk factors group than in the no risk factor or the single risk factor groups (16.1 ± 3.1, 13.4 ± 2.2, and 14.3 ± 2.6 m/s, respectively; P < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that age, gender, clustering of CVD risk factors, serum uric acid, and decreased renal function positively correlated with cfPWV. For a categorical outcome, the highest cfPWV quartile (cfPWV ≥ 16.9 m/s) was compared with the lower three quartiles. After adjusting for potential confounders, clustering of CVD risk factors significantly correlated with increased cfPWV compared with that in the no risk factor group, with an odds ratio of 5.76 (95% confidence interval: 4.46–7.44). Conclusions Clustering of CVD risk factors significantly correlated with arterial stiffness; this confirms the importance of lifestyle modification to reduce the burden of CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Lei Kong
- Department of Nephrology, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Ma
- Department of Health Examination Center, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Cheng-Yin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang Medical College, Qingzhou, Shandong 262500, China
| | - Dong-Mei Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu M, Lin X, Wang X. Decrease in serum chemerin through aerobic exercise plus dieting and its association with mitigation of cardio-metabolic risk in obese female adolescents. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2018; 31:127-135. [PMID: 29306931 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2017-0431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a 4-week aerobic exercise plus dieting intervention on serum chemerin in obese female adolescents and its possible role in mitigating cardio-metabolic risk including glucose and lipid metabolism, central fat and inflammation. METHODS Fifty obese female adolescents were randomly divided into two groups: exercise plus dieting group (n=30) and dieting group (n=20). The participants in the exercise plus dieting group completed 4 weeks of moderate aerobic exercise combined with dieting, while the subjects in the dieting group undertook only dieting. Before and after the experiments, anthropometric index, parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism, serum chemerin and classic inflammatory indicators (C-reactive protein [CRP], tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin-1β [IL-1β], IL-6, leptin and adiponectin) were measured. RESULTS Compared with the dieting group, a decrease in serum chemerin was found in the exercise plus dieting group, accompanied by significant improvements in anthropometric index, glucose and lipid metabolism and inflammatory factors. In addition, a higher serum chemerin level was found in obese adolescents with metabolic syndrome (MetS), and the disappearance of MetS induced by exercise plus dieting might be related to the decrease in chemerin. Correlation analysis showed the correlations of the decrease in chemerin with the changes in body fat, glucose and lipid metabolic index, leptin and adiponectin/leptin ratio. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report that as short a duration as 4-week aerobic exercise plus dieting decreased serum chemerin in obese female adolescents, which might be associated with the improvement in glucose and lipid metabolism, mitigation of inflammation and decrease in MetS incidence, thus lowering cardio-metabolic risk, while no health benefit resulted from slight dieting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- School of Athletic Sports, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojing Lin
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, 200 Hengren Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China, Phone: +86-21-51253520, Fax: +86-21-51253380
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dietary changes associated with improvement of metabolic syndrome components in postmenopausal women receiving two different nutrition interventions. Menopause 2016; 22:758-64. [PMID: 25563795 PMCID: PMC4481020 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study aims to examine the association between dietary changes and improvement of metabolic syndrome components in Mexican postmenopausal women receiving two different nutrition interventions. Methods Women (n = 118) with metabolic syndrome were randomly assigned to group 1 (n = 63; structured hypocaloric diet) or group 2 (n = 55; behavioral therapy). Metabolic and nutrition assessment was performed at baseline and after 2, 4, and 6 months of intervention. Dietary changes throughout the study and achievement of cardioprotective dietary goals were assessed at the end of the intervention. Results There was a significant increase in the number of women who met recommended servings for fruits/vegetables, low-fat dairy, and sugars in both groups. In group 1, elimination of high-energy refined grains increased the probability of having normal fasting glucose (relative risk, 1.514; 95% CI, 0.989-2.316; P = 0.035). In this group, women who met the low-fat dairy goal at the end of the study had lower diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.012) and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.001). In group 2, women who met the high-fat dairy goal had greater probability of having normal fasting glucose (relative risk, 1.915; 95% CI, 1.123-3.266; P = 0.026). In all women, exclusion of high-fat dairy decreased by 60% the probability of having impaired fasting glucose (relative risk, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.181-0.906; P = 0.028). Conclusions Both strategies promote achievement of cardioprotective dietary goals for fruits/vegetables, sugars, soda and sweetened beverages, low-fat dairy, and high-energy refined grains, and improve some metabolic syndrome components. Elimination of high-fat dairy decreases the risk of impaired fasting glucose. Dietary strategies should be flexible and individualized based on metabolic profile.
Collapse
|
7
|
Strasser B, Arvandi M, Pasha EP, Haley AP, Stanforth P, Tanaka H. Abdominal obesity is associated with arterial stiffness in middle-aged adults. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 25:495-502. [PMID: 25770757 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The relation between adiposity and arterial stiffness remains controversial. We determined whether abdominal and visceral adipose tissue may be a better predictor of arterial stiffness than general obesity in middle-aged adults. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 146 participants (76 men, 70 women; 50 years) were studied. The automatic vascular screening device (Omron VP-1000plus) was used to measure blood pressure simultaneously in the arms and ankles and to determine arterial stiffness by pulse wave velocity (PWV). Using multiple linear regressions, the relations between indicators of obesity and arterial stiffness were examined after adjustment for confounders. Both carotid-femoral PWV and brachial-ankle PWV were significantly associated with BMI (both P < 0.05) but not with body fat percentage. Measures of abdominal obesity, including waist circumference and visceral fat mass (via DXA), were strongly associated with PWV and remained positively associated with arterial stiffness after adjustment for age and gender. Cardiovascular fitness as assessed by maximal oxygen consumption was related to body fat percentage but not with visceral fat. More favorable cardiovascular health profile was associated with both lower visceral fat mass and PWV (both P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Abdominal obesity and visceral fat are associated with large artery stiffness. These findings support the importance of adiposity measures as a risk factor for arterial stiffening in middle-aged adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Strasser
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Institute for Nutritional Sciences and Physiology, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tyrol, Austria.
| | - M Arvandi
- Institute of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology Assessment, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tyrol, Austria
| | - E P Pasha
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - A P Haley
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - P Stanforth
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - H Tanaka
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jacobson TA, Ito MK, Maki KC, Orringer CE, Bays HE, Jones PH, McKenney JM, Grundy SM, Gill EA, Wild RA, Wilson DP, Brown WV. National lipid association recommendations for patient-centered management of dyslipidemia: part 1--full report. J Clin Lipidol 2015; 9:129-69. [PMID: 25911072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 539] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The leadership of the National Lipid Association convened an Expert Panel to develop a consensus set of recommendations for patient-centered management of dyslipidemia in clinical medicine. An Executive Summary of those recommendations was previously published. This document provides support for the recommendations outlined in the Executive Summary. The major conclusions include (1) an elevated level of cholesterol carried by circulating apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins (non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], termed atherogenic cholesterol) is a root cause of atherosclerosis, the key underlying process contributing to most clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events; (2) reducing elevated levels of atherogenic cholesterol will lower ASCVD risk in proportion to the extent that atherogenic cholesterol is reduced. This benefit is presumed to result from atherogenic cholesterol lowering through multiple modalities, including lifestyle and drug therapies; (3) the intensity of risk-reduction therapy should generally be adjusted to the patient's absolute risk for an ASCVD event; (4) atherosclerosis is a process that often begins early in life and progresses for decades before resulting a clinical ASCVD event. Therefore, both intermediate-term and long-term or lifetime risk should be considered when assessing the potential benefits and hazards of risk-reduction therapies; (5) for patients in whom lipid-lowering drug therapy is indicated, statin treatment is the primary modality for reducing ASCVD risk; (6) nonlipid ASCVD risk factors should also be managed appropriately, particularly high blood pressure, cigarette smoking, and diabetes mellitus; and (7) the measurement and monitoring of atherogenic cholesterol levels remain an important part of a comprehensive ASCVD prevention strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terry A Jacobson
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Matthew K Ito
- Oregon State University/Oregon Health & Science University, College of Pharmacy, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kevin C Maki
- Midwest Center for Metabolic & Cardiovascular Research and DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Harold E Bays
- Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | - James M McKenney
- Virginia Commonwealth University and National Clinical Research, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Scott M Grundy
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Edward A Gill
- University of Washington/Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert A Wild
- Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Don P Wilson
- Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Blackburn HL, McErlean S, Jellema GL, van Laar R, Vernalis MN, Ellsworth DL. Gene expression profiling during intensive cardiovascular lifestyle modification: Relationships with vascular function and weight loss. GENOMICS DATA 2015; 4:50-3. [PMID: 26484175 PMCID: PMC4536023 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Heart disease and related sequelae are a leading cause of death and healthcare expenditure throughout the world. Although many patients opt for surgical interventions, lifestyle modification programs focusing on nutrition and exercise have shown substantial health benefits and are becoming increasing popular. We conducted a year-long lifestyle modification program to mediate cardiovascular risk through traditional risk factors and to investigate how molecular changes, if present, may contribute to long-term risk reduction. Here we describe the lifestyle intervention, including clinical and molecular data collected, and provide details of the experimental methods and quality control parameters for the gene expression data generated from participants and non-intervention controls. Our findings suggest successful and sustained modulation of gene expression through healthy lifestyle changes may have beneficial effects on vascular health that cannot be discerned from traditional risk factor profiles. The data are deposited in the Gene Expression Omnibus, series GSE46097 and GSE66175.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather L. Blackburn
- Integrative Cardiac Health Program, Windber Research Institute, Windber, PA 15963, USA
| | | | | | | | - Marina N. Vernalis
- Integrative Cardiac Health Program, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Darrell L. Ellsworth
- Integrative Cardiac Health Program, Windber Research Institute, Windber, PA 15963, USA
- Corresponding author at: Windber Research Institute, 620 Seventh Street, Windber, PA 15963, USA. Tel.: + 1 814 361 6911.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ellsworth DL, Croft DT, Weyandt J, Sturtz LA, Blackburn HL, Burke A, Haberkorn MJ, McDyer FA, Jellema GL, van Laar R, Mamula KA, Chen Y, Vernalis MN. Intensive Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Induces Sustainable Changes in Expression of Genes and Pathways Important to Vascular Function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:151-60. [DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.113.000121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background—
Healthy lifestyle changes are thought to mediate cardiovascular disease risk through pathways affecting endothelial function and progression of atherosclerosis; however, the extent, persistence, and clinical significance of molecular change during lifestyle modification are not well known. We examined the effect of a rigorous cardiovascular disease risk reduction program on peripheral blood gene expression profiles in 63 participants and 63 matched controls to characterize molecular responses and identify regulatory pathways important to cardiovascular health.
Methods and Results—
Dramatic changes in dietary fat intake (−61%;
P
<0.001 versus controls) and physical fitness (+34%;
P
<0.001) led to significant improvements in cardiovascular disease risk factors. Analysis of variance with false discovery rate correction for multiple testing (
P
<0.05) identified 26 genes after 12 weeks and 143 genes after 52 weeks that were differentially expressed from baseline in participants. Controls showed little change in cardiovascular disease risk factors or gene expression. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction validated differential expression for selected transcripts. Lifestyle modification effectively reduced expression of proinflammatory genes associated with neutrophil activation and molecular pathways important to vascular function, including cytokine production, carbohydrate metabolism, and steroid hormones. Prescription medications did not significantly affect changes in gene expression.
Conclusions—
Successful and sustained modulation of gene expression through lifestyle changes may have beneficial effects on the vascular system not apparent from traditional risk factors. Healthy lifestyles may restore homeostasis to the leukocyte transcriptome by downregulating lactoferrin and other genes important in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Clinical Trial Registration—
URL:
www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01805492
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darrell L. Ellsworth
- From the Integrative Cardiac Health Program (D.L.E., D.T.C., J.W., L.A.S., H.L.B., K.A.M.) and Clinical Breast Care Project (Y.C.), Windber Research Institute, Windber Medical Center, Windber, PA (A.B., M.J.H.); Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, UK (F.A.M., G.L.J.); ChipDX, New York, NY (R.v.L.); and Integrative Cardiac Health Program, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD (M.N.V.)
| | - Daniel T. Croft
- From the Integrative Cardiac Health Program (D.L.E., D.T.C., J.W., L.A.S., H.L.B., K.A.M.) and Clinical Breast Care Project (Y.C.), Windber Research Institute, Windber Medical Center, Windber, PA (A.B., M.J.H.); Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, UK (F.A.M., G.L.J.); ChipDX, New York, NY (R.v.L.); and Integrative Cardiac Health Program, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD (M.N.V.)
| | - Jamie Weyandt
- From the Integrative Cardiac Health Program (D.L.E., D.T.C., J.W., L.A.S., H.L.B., K.A.M.) and Clinical Breast Care Project (Y.C.), Windber Research Institute, Windber Medical Center, Windber, PA (A.B., M.J.H.); Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, UK (F.A.M., G.L.J.); ChipDX, New York, NY (R.v.L.); and Integrative Cardiac Health Program, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD (M.N.V.)
| | - Lori A. Sturtz
- From the Integrative Cardiac Health Program (D.L.E., D.T.C., J.W., L.A.S., H.L.B., K.A.M.) and Clinical Breast Care Project (Y.C.), Windber Research Institute, Windber Medical Center, Windber, PA (A.B., M.J.H.); Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, UK (F.A.M., G.L.J.); ChipDX, New York, NY (R.v.L.); and Integrative Cardiac Health Program, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD (M.N.V.)
| | - Heather L. Blackburn
- From the Integrative Cardiac Health Program (D.L.E., D.T.C., J.W., L.A.S., H.L.B., K.A.M.) and Clinical Breast Care Project (Y.C.), Windber Research Institute, Windber Medical Center, Windber, PA (A.B., M.J.H.); Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, UK (F.A.M., G.L.J.); ChipDX, New York, NY (R.v.L.); and Integrative Cardiac Health Program, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD (M.N.V.)
| | - Amy Burke
- From the Integrative Cardiac Health Program (D.L.E., D.T.C., J.W., L.A.S., H.L.B., K.A.M.) and Clinical Breast Care Project (Y.C.), Windber Research Institute, Windber Medical Center, Windber, PA (A.B., M.J.H.); Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, UK (F.A.M., G.L.J.); ChipDX, New York, NY (R.v.L.); and Integrative Cardiac Health Program, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD (M.N.V.)
| | - Mary Jane Haberkorn
- From the Integrative Cardiac Health Program (D.L.E., D.T.C., J.W., L.A.S., H.L.B., K.A.M.) and Clinical Breast Care Project (Y.C.), Windber Research Institute, Windber Medical Center, Windber, PA (A.B., M.J.H.); Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, UK (F.A.M., G.L.J.); ChipDX, New York, NY (R.v.L.); and Integrative Cardiac Health Program, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD (M.N.V.)
| | - Fionnuala A. McDyer
- From the Integrative Cardiac Health Program (D.L.E., D.T.C., J.W., L.A.S., H.L.B., K.A.M.) and Clinical Breast Care Project (Y.C.), Windber Research Institute, Windber Medical Center, Windber, PA (A.B., M.J.H.); Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, UK (F.A.M., G.L.J.); ChipDX, New York, NY (R.v.L.); and Integrative Cardiac Health Program, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD (M.N.V.)
| | - Gera L. Jellema
- From the Integrative Cardiac Health Program (D.L.E., D.T.C., J.W., L.A.S., H.L.B., K.A.M.) and Clinical Breast Care Project (Y.C.), Windber Research Institute, Windber Medical Center, Windber, PA (A.B., M.J.H.); Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, UK (F.A.M., G.L.J.); ChipDX, New York, NY (R.v.L.); and Integrative Cardiac Health Program, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD (M.N.V.)
| | - Ryan van Laar
- From the Integrative Cardiac Health Program (D.L.E., D.T.C., J.W., L.A.S., H.L.B., K.A.M.) and Clinical Breast Care Project (Y.C.), Windber Research Institute, Windber Medical Center, Windber, PA (A.B., M.J.H.); Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, UK (F.A.M., G.L.J.); ChipDX, New York, NY (R.v.L.); and Integrative Cardiac Health Program, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD (M.N.V.)
| | - Kimberly A. Mamula
- From the Integrative Cardiac Health Program (D.L.E., D.T.C., J.W., L.A.S., H.L.B., K.A.M.) and Clinical Breast Care Project (Y.C.), Windber Research Institute, Windber Medical Center, Windber, PA (A.B., M.J.H.); Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, UK (F.A.M., G.L.J.); ChipDX, New York, NY (R.v.L.); and Integrative Cardiac Health Program, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD (M.N.V.)
| | - Yaqin Chen
- From the Integrative Cardiac Health Program (D.L.E., D.T.C., J.W., L.A.S., H.L.B., K.A.M.) and Clinical Breast Care Project (Y.C.), Windber Research Institute, Windber Medical Center, Windber, PA (A.B., M.J.H.); Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, UK (F.A.M., G.L.J.); ChipDX, New York, NY (R.v.L.); and Integrative Cardiac Health Program, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD (M.N.V.)
| | - Marina N. Vernalis
- From the Integrative Cardiac Health Program (D.L.E., D.T.C., J.W., L.A.S., H.L.B., K.A.M.) and Clinical Breast Care Project (Y.C.), Windber Research Institute, Windber Medical Center, Windber, PA (A.B., M.J.H.); Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, UK (F.A.M., G.L.J.); ChipDX, New York, NY (R.v.L.); and Integrative Cardiac Health Program, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD (M.N.V.)
| |
Collapse
|