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Wang L, Hu J. Unraveling the gut microbiota's role in salt-sensitive hypertension: current evidences and future directions. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1410623. [PMID: 39091359 PMCID: PMC11291451 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1410623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in both maintaining human health and in the pathogenesis of diseases. Recent studies have brought to light the significant correlation between gut microbiota and hypertension, particularly focusing on its role in the development and advancement of SSH, a subtype characterized by elevated blood pressure in response to high salt consumption. The complexity of SSH's etiology is notable, with dysbiosis of the gut microbiome identified as a crucial contributing factor. The gut microbiota participates in the occurrence and development of SSH by affecting the host's immune system, metabolic function, and neuromodulation. Investigations have demonstrated that the gut microbes regulate the development of SSH by regulating the TH17 axis and the activity of immune cells. Moreover, microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, are implicated in blood pressure regulation and affect the development of SSH. There is evidence to show that the composition of the gut microbiome can be altered through prebiotic interventions so as to prevent and treat SSH. This review aims to concisely sum up the role of gut microbiota in SSH and to discuss pertinent therapeutic strategies and clinical implications, thereby providing a valuable reference for further research and clinical practice in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Public Health School, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jihong Hu
- Teaching Experiment and Training Center, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine, Ministry of Education, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
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2
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Effects of Interaction between SLC35F3 and Carbohydrate Intake on the Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Middle-Aged Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020469. [PMID: 36678339 PMCID: PMC9866284 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Solute carrier family 35 member F3 (SLC35F3) mediates intracellular thiamine transport, which is crucial for carbohydrate metabolism as thiamine is required for key pathways such as glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the interaction between SLC35F3 and dietary carbohydrate intake on the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The study included 3923 Korean adults over 40 years of age from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. The association between dietary carbohydrate intake, SLC35F3 rs10910387 genotypes, and MetS incidence was studied using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. Over an average of 8.5 years of follow-ups, we documented 1471 MetS cases. MetS incidence was 1.88 times greater in men with the TT genotype and the highest carbohydrate intake than in those with the CC genotype and lowest carbohydrate intake (Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-3.41). MetS incidence were 2.22 and 2.53 times higher in women with the TT genotype and carbohydrate intake tertile 2 and 3, respectively, than those with the CC genotype and carbohydrate intake tertile 1 (HR 2.22, 95% CI 1.12-4.42; HR 2.53, 95% CI 1.38-4.61). In summary, we report a novel interaction between SLC35F3 rs10910387 genotypes and dietary carbohydrate intake on MetS in Koreans.
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Irradiation Induces Tuft Cell Hyperplasia and Myenteric Neuronal Loss in the Absence of Dietary Fiber in a Mouse Model of Pelvic Radiotherapy. GASTROENTEROLOGY INSIGHTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/gastroent13010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pelvic radiotherapy is associated with chronic intestinal dysfunction. Dietary approaches, such as fiber enrichment during and after pelvic radiotherapy, have been suggested to prevent or reduce dysfunctions. In the present paper, we aimed to investigate whether a diet rich in fermentable fiber could have a positive effect on radiation-induced intestinal damage, especially focusing on tuft cells and enteric neurons. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed either a purified non-fiber diet or the same purified diet with 5% or 15% oat fiber added, starting two weeks prior to sham-irradiation or irradiation with four fractions of 8 Gray. The animals continued on the diets for 1, 6 or 18 weeks, after which the gross morphology of the colorectum was assessed together with the numbers of enteric neurons, tuft cells and crypt-surface units. The results showed that dietary fiber significantly affected the intestinal morphometrics, both in the short and long-term. The presence of dietary fiber stimulated the re-emergence of crypt-surface unit structures after irradiation. At 18 weeks, the animals fed with the non-fiber diet displayed more myenteric neurons than the animals fed with the dietary fibers, but irradiation resulted in a loss of neurons in the non-fiber fed animals. Irradiation, but not diet, affected the tuft cell numbers, and a significant increase in tuft cells was found 6 and 18 weeks after irradiation. In conclusion, dietary fiber intake has the potential to modify neuronal pathogenesis in the colorectum after irradiation. The long-lasting increase in tuft cells induced by irradiation may reflect an as yet unknown role in the mucosal pathophysiology after pelvic irradiation.
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The new generation fibers: a review of high performance and specialty fibers. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03966-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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John OD, du Preez R, Panchal SK, Brown L. Tropical foods as functional foods for metabolic syndrome. Food Funct 2021; 11:6946-6960. [PMID: 32692322 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01133a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tropical foods are an integral part of the traditional diet and form part of traditional medicine in many countries. This review examines the potential of tropical foods to treat signs of metabolic syndrome, defined as a chronic low-grade inflammation leading to obesity, hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and fatty liver. It is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic disease as well as osteoarthritis and some cancers. Tropical foods such as seaweeds and tropical fruits including indigenous fruits such as Davidson's plums are effective in reducing these signs of metabolic syndrome in rats, as well as reducing degeneration of bone cartilage and altering gut microbiome. Further, waste products from tropical fruits including mangosteen rind, coffee pulp and spent coffee grounds provide further options to reduce metabolic syndrome. Production of local tropical foods and local recovery of food waste from these foods could allow the development of commercial, sustainable and cost-effective functional foods in tropical countries. The aim is to develop these functional foods to reduce the incidence of metabolic syndrome and decrease the risk of costly chronic cardiovascular and metabolic disorders locally and globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver D John
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia.
| | - Ryan du Preez
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia. and School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia
| | - Sunil K Panchal
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia. and School of Science, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - Lindsay Brown
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia. and School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia
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Soluble Fiber Inulin Consumption Limits Alterations of the Gut Microbiota and Hepatic Fatty Acid Metabolism Caused by High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13031037. [PMID: 33806985 PMCID: PMC8005099 DOI: 10.3390/nu13031037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet shapes the gut microbiota which impacts hepatic lipid metabolism. Modifications in liver fat content are associated with metabolic disorders. We investigated the extent of dietary fat and fiber-induced alterations in the composition of gut microbiota and hepatic fatty acids (FAs). Mice were fed a purified low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD) containing non-soluble fiber cellulose or soluble fiber inulin. HFD induced hepatic decreases in the amounts of C14:0, C16:1n-7, C18:1n-7 and increases in the amounts of C17:0, C20:0, C16:1n-9, C22:5n-3, C20:2n-6, C20:3n-6, and C22:4n-6. When incorporated in a LFD, inulin poorly affected the profile of FAs. However, when incorporated in a HFD, it (i) specifically led to an increase in the amounts of hepatic C18:0, C22:0, total polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), total n-6 PUFAs, C18:3n-3, and C18:2n-6, (ii) exacerbated the HFD-induced increase in the amount of C17:0, and (iii) prevented the HFD-induced increases in C16:1n-9 and C20:3n-6. Importantly, the expression/activity of some elongases and desaturases, as well as the gut microbiota composition, were impacted by the dietary fat and fiber content. To conclude, inulin modulated gut microbiota and hepatic fatty acid composition, and further investigations will determine whether a causal relationship exists between these two parameters.
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Miqdady M, Al Mistarihi J, Azaz A, Rawat D. Prebiotics in the Infant Microbiome: The Past, Present, and Future. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2020; 23:1-14. [PMID: 31988871 PMCID: PMC6966216 DOI: 10.5223/pghn.2020.23.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The latest definition of a prebiotic is "a substrate that is selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit"; it now includes non-food elements and is applicable to extra-intestinal tissues. Prebiotics are recognized as a promising tool in the promotion of general health and in the prevention and treatment of numerous juvenile diseases. Prebiotics are considered an immunoactive agent, with the potential for long-lasting effects extending past active administration of the prebiotic. Because of its extremely low risk of serious adverse effects, ease of administration, and strong potential for influencing the composition and function of the microbiota in the gut and beyond, the beneficial clinical applications of prebiotics are expanding. Prebiotics are the third largest component of human breast milk. Preparations including galactooligosaccharides (GOS), fructooligosaccharides (FOS), 2'-fucosyllactose, lacto-N-neo-tetraose are examples of commonly used and studied products for supplementation in baby formula. In particular, the GOS/FOS combination is the most studied. Maintaining a healthy microbiome is essential to promote homeostasis of the gut and other organs. With more than 1,000 different microbial species in the gut, it is likely more feasible to modify the gut microbiota through the use of certain prebiotic mixtures rather than supplementing with a particular probiotic strain. In this review, we discuss the latest clinical evidence regarding prebiotics and its role in gut immunity, allergy, infections, inflammation, and functional gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Miqdady
- Department of Pediatric, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | - Amer Azaz
- Department of Pediatric, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - David Rawat
- Department of Pediatric, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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Xavier-Santos D, Bedani R, Lima ED, Saad SMI. Impact of probiotics and prebiotics targeting metabolic syndrome. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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McKeen S, Young W, Fraser K, Roy NC, McNabb WC. Glycan Utilisation and Function in the Microbiome of Weaning Infants. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7070190. [PMID: 31277402 PMCID: PMC6681113 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7070190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycans are present exogenously in the diet, expressed and secreted endogenously by host cells, and produced by microbes. All of these processes result in them being available to the gut microbiome, firmly placing glycans at the interface of diet–microbe–host interactions. The most dramatic shift in dietary sources of glycans occurs during the transition from the milk-based neonatal diet to the diverse omnivorous adult diet, and this has profound effects on the composition of the gut microbiome, gene expression by microbes and host cells, mucin composition, and immune development from innate towards adaptive responses. Understanding the glycan-mediated interactions occurring during this transitional window may inform dietary recommendations to support gut and immune development during a vulnerable age. This review aims to summarise the current state of knowledge on dietary glycan mediated changes that may occur in the infant gut microbiome and immune system during weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Starin McKeen
- Food Nutrition & Health, AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston north 4442, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Wayne Young
- Food Nutrition & Health, AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston north 4442, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Karl Fraser
- Food Nutrition & Health, AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston north 4442, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Nicole C Roy
- Food Nutrition & Health, AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston north 4442, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Warren C McNabb
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
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Beneficial effects of green banana biomass consumption in patients with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2019; 121:1365-1375. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519000576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDiabetes mellitus is a global epidemic, characterised as a heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders associated with high risk of CVD. Green banana biomass, which is composed of resistant starches (RS) and cannot be hydrolysed by amylases, delays gastric emptying and modulates insulin sensitivity, thus contributing to improve metabolic disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of consumption of RS from green banana biomass on body composition, fasting plasma glucose, glycated Hb (HbA1c) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in subjects with pre-diabetes or type 2 diabetes on top of treatment. Middle-aged subjects (n113) of both sexes with pre-diabetes (HbA1c: 5·7–6·4 %) or diabetes (HbA1c ≥ 6·5 %) were randomised to receive nutritional support plus green banana biomass (40 g) (RS: approximately 4·5 g, G1,n62) or diet alone (G2,n51) for 24 weeks. Body composition, biochemical analyses and dietary intake were evaluated at the beginning and end of the study. In the experimental group (G1), consumption of RS was associated with reduction in HbA1c (P= 0·0001), fasting glucose (P= 0·021), diastolic blood pressure (P= 0·010), body weight (P= 0·002), BMI (P= 0·006), waist and hip circumferences (P< 0·01), fat mass percentage (P= 0·001) and increase in lean mass percentage (P= 0·011). In controls (G2), reductions were observed in waist and hip circumferences (P< 0·01), HbA1c (P= 0·002) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P= 0·020). In pre-diabetes or diabetes, non-significant differences were observed in the percentage reduction in HbA1c and fasting glucose in exploratory analyses. Our results indicate that the consumption of bioactive starches is a good dietary strategy to improve metabolic control and body composition.
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11
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Vieira CR, da Silva BP, do Carmo MAV, Azevedo L, Nogueira DA, Duarte Martino HS, Silva RR. Effect of Pereskia aculeata Mill. in vitro and in overweight humans: A randomized controlled trial. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12903. [PMID: 31353695 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of ora-pro-nobis (Pereskia aculeata Mill.) flour on the adhesion of probiotics to intestinal epithelial cells and to evaluate the effect of a product based on this flour on gastrointestinal symptoms, weight, body fat, glycemia, and lipid profile in overweight men. METHODS Microbiological counts (probiotic count, survival after in vitro gastrointestinal resistance, Caco-2 cell adhesion) were analyzed. A randomized, cross-over intervention was performed. Intestinal microbiota was indirectly assessed on the basis of consistency, color of feces, and gastrointestinal symptoms. RESULTS P. aculeata did not affect Lactobacillus casei adhesion to Caco-2 cells. Ora-pro-nobis flour improved gastrointestinal symptoms and increased satiety. CONCLUSION The consumption of ora-pro-nobis flour improved intestinal health. In addition, it maintained the high adherence of L. casei to intestinal cells as well as patient anthropometric and biochemical parameters. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Pereskia aculeata Mill. is well known in folk medicine and has several nutrients; however, there are few studies on this plant. This is the first study to analyze the influence of P. aculeata on bacterial adherence and the first cross-over clinical trial to evaluate the beneficial potential of ora-pro-nobis flour in overweight men. Thus, this study will contribute to the promotion of ora-pro-nobis as a functional ingredient and will arouse the interest of industries to develop related healthy foods. In addition, it is an effective dietary strategy to improve the gastrointestinal health of men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luciana Azevedo
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
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12
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Vive La Resistance!: Resistant Starch Supports Blood Sugar and Weight Maintenance. Holist Nurs Pract 2019; 33:187-190. [PMID: 30973438 DOI: 10.1097/hnp.0000000000000329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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13
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Koay YC, Wali JA, Luk AWS, Macia L, Cogger VC, Pulpitel TJ, Wahl D, Solon-Biet SM, Holmes A, Simpson SJ, O'Sullivan JF. Ingestion of resistant starch by mice markedly increases microbiome-derived metabolites. FASEB J 2019; 33:8033-8042. [PMID: 30925066 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900177r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has shown significant health benefits deriving from high-dietary fiber or microbiome-accessible carbohydrate consumption. Compared with native starch (NS), dietary resistant starch (RS) is a high microbiome-accessible carbohydrate that significantly alters the gut microbiome. The aim of this study was to determine the systemic metabolic effects of high microbiome-accessible carbohydrate. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into 2 groups and fed either NS or RS for 18 wk (n = 20/group). Metabolomic analyses revealed that plasma levels of numerous metabolites were significantly different between the RS-fed and NS-fed mice, many of which are microbiome-derived. Most strikingly, we observed a 22-fold increase in gut microbiome-derived tryptophan metabolite indole-3-propionate (IPA), which was positively correlated with several gut microbiota, including Allobaculum, Bifidobacterium, and Lachnospiraceae, with Allobaculum having the most consistently increased abundance of all the IPA-associated taxa across all RS-fed mice. In addition, major changes were observed for metabolites solely or primarily metabolized in the gut (e.g., trimethylamine-N-oxide), metabolites that have a significant entero-hepatic circulation (i.e., bile acids), lipid metabolites (e.g., cholesterol sulfate), metabolites indicating increased energy turnover (e.g., tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and ketone bodies), and increased antioxidants such as reduced glutathione. Our findings reveal potentially novel mediators of high microbiome-accessible carbohydrate-derived health benefits.-Koay,Y. C., Wali. J. A., Luk, A. W. S., Macia, L., Cogger, V. C., Pulpitel, T. J., Wahl, D., Solon-Biet, S. M., Holmes, A., Simpson, S. J., O'Sullivan, J. F. Ingestion of resistant starch by mice markedly increases microbiome-derived metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Chin Koay
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jibran A Wali
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alison W S Luk
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Laurence Macia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Victoria C Cogger
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Ageing and Alzheimer's Institute and Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, Concord, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tamara J Pulpitel
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Devin Wahl
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Samantha M Solon-Biet
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Holmes
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John F O'Sullivan
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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Ciudad-Mulero M, Fernández-Ruiz V, Matallana-González MC, Morales P. Dietary fiber sources and human benefits: The case study of cereal and pseudocereals. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2019; 90:83-134. [PMID: 31445601 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fiber (DF) includes the remnants of the edible part of plants and analogous carbohydrates that are resistant to digestion and absorption in the human small intestine with complete or partial fermentation in the human large intestine. DF can be classified into two main groups according to its solubility, namely insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) that mainly consists on cell wall components, including cellulose, some hemicelluloses, lignin and resistant starch, and soluble dietary fiber (SDF) that consists of non-cellulosic polysaccharides as non-digestible oligosaccharides, arabinoxylans (AX), β-glucans, some hemicelluloses, pectins, gums, mucilages and inulin. The intake of DF is associated with health benefits. IDF can contribute to the normal function of the intestinal tract and it has an important role in the prevention of colonic diverticulosis and constipation. SDF is extensively fermented by gut microbiota and it is associated with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, with important health benefits due to its hypocholesterolemic properties. Due to these nutritional and health properties, DF is widely used as functional ingredients in food industry, being whole grain cereals, pulses, fruits and vegetables the main sources of DF. Also some synthetic sources are employed, namely polydextrose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose or cyclodextrins. The DF content of cereals varies depending on cultivars, their botanical components (pericarp, emdosperm and germ) and the processing conditions they have undergone (baking, extrusion, etc.). In cereal grains, AX are the predominant non-cellulose DF polysaccharides followed by cellulose and β-glucans, while in pseudocereals, pectins are quantitatively predominant.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ciudad-Mulero
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Fernández-Ruiz
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mª Cruz Matallana-González
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Morales
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Alpha-Galacto-Oligosaccharides at Low Dose Improve Liver Steatosis in a High-Fat Diet Mouse Model. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101725. [PMID: 29036913 PMCID: PMC6151545 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is the major liver disease worldwide and is linked to the development of metabolic syndrome and obesity. As alpha-galacto-oligosaccharides (α-GOS) from legumes have been shown to reduce body weight and hyperphagia in overweight adults, it was hypothesized that they would exert benefits on the development of metabolic syndrome and associated NAFLD in a rodent model. C57Bl/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet until they developed metabolic syndrome and were then orally treated either with α-GOS at a physiological dose (2.2 g/kg BW/d) or the vehicle over 7 weeks. α-GOS induced a reduction in food intake, but without affecting body weight during the first week of treatment, when compared to the vehicle. Fasting glycaemia was improved after 4 weeks of treatment with α-GOS, whereas insulin sensitivity (assessed with HOMA-IR) was unaffected at the end of the experiment. Plasma non-esterified fatty acids, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol were lowered by α-GOS while high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides levels remained unaffected. α-GOS markedly improved liver steatosis as well as free fatty acid and triglyceride accumulation in the liver. α-GOS improved plasma lipids and prevented NAFLD development through mechanisms which are independent of body weight management and glycemic control.
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Martinez-Gutierrez F, Ratering S, Juárez-Flores B, Godinez-Hernandez C, Geissler-Plaum R, Prell F, Zorn H, Czermak P, Schnell S. Potential use of Agave salmiana as a prebiotic that stimulates the growth of probiotic bacteria. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Barczynska R, Jurgoński A, Slizewska K, Juśkiewicz J, Kapusniak J. Effects of potato dextrin on the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiota in rats fed standard and high-fat diets. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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18
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Behrouz V, Jazayeri S, Aryaeian N, Zahedi MJ, Hosseini F. Effects of Probiotic and Prebiotic Supplementation on Leptin, Adiponectin, and Glycemic Parameters in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Middle East J Dig Dis 2017; 9:150-157. [PMID: 28894517 PMCID: PMC5585907 DOI: 10.15171/mejdd.2017.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND
According to previous studies, probiotic and prebiotic supplementation have desirable effects
on glycemic parameters. Thus far, the effect of supplementation on the glycemic parameters and
adipokines in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has not been assessed. Therefore, the
aim of this study was to determine the effects of supplementation with probiotic and prebiotic on
adiokines and glycemic parameters in the patients with NAFLD.
METHODS
In the present randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 89 patients with NAFLD
were randomly divided into three groups to receive one probiotic capsule + 16 g/d maltodextrin
(probiotic group) or 16 g/d oligofructose powder + one placebo capsule (prebiotic group), and
one placebo capsule + 16 g/d maltodextrin (control group) for 12 weeks. All the subjects in the
study were advised to follow the weight loss diet and physical activity recommendations during
the intervention. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after the intervention to measure
leptin, adiponectin, insulin, and fasting blood sugar.
RESULTS
At the end of the study, serum concentrations of leptin, insulin, and HOMA-IR decreased
significantly in the probiotic and prebiotic groups compared with the control group. Despite the
changes within the groups, serum concentrations of adiponectin did not change significantly between
the three groups. Also, fasting blood sugar did not change between the groups, but decreased in the
prebiotic group. Quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI) increased significantly in
probiotic and prebiotic groups compared with the control group.
CONCLUSION
Probiotic and prebiotic supplementation along with lifestyle intervention has a favorable impact
on glycemic parameters and leptin levels compared with lifestyle intervention alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Behrouz
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Jazayeri
- Research Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naheed Aryaeian
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Hosseini
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Bindels LB, Segura Munoz RR, Gomes-Neto JC, Mutemberezi V, Martínez I, Salazar N, Cody EA, Quintero-Villegas MI, Kittana H, de Los Reyes-Gavilán CG, Schmaltz RJ, Muccioli GG, Walter J, Ramer-Tait AE. Resistant starch can improve insulin sensitivity independently of the gut microbiota. MICROBIOME 2017; 5:12. [PMID: 28166818 PMCID: PMC5294823 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0230-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity-related diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, have reached epidemic proportions in industrialized nations, and dietary interventions for their prevention are therefore important. Resistant starches (RS) improve insulin sensitivity in clinical trials, but the mechanisms underlying this health benefit remain poorly understood. Because RS fermentation by the gut microbiota results in the formation of physiologically active metabolites, we chose to specifically determine the role of the gut microbiota in mediating the metabolic benefits of RS. To achieve this goal, we determined the effects of RS when added to a Western diet on host metabolism in mice with and without a microbiota. RESULTS RS feeding of conventionalized mice improved insulin sensitivity and redressed some of the Western diet-induced changes in microbiome composition. However, parallel experiments in germ-free littermates revealed that RS-mediated improvements in insulin levels also occurred in the absence of a microbiota. RS reduced gene expression of adipose tissue macrophage markers and altered cecal concentrations of several bile acids in both germ-free and conventionalized mice; these effects were strongly correlated with the metabolic benefits, providing a potential microbiota-independent mechanism to explain the physiological effects of RS. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that some metabolic benefits exerted by dietary RS, especially improvements in insulin levels, occur independently of the microbiota and could involve alterations in the bile acid cycle and adipose tissue immune modulation. This work also sets a precedent for future mechanistic studies aimed at establishing the causative role of the gut microbiota in mediating the benefits of bioactive compounds and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure B Bindels
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Rafael R Segura Munoz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - João Carlos Gomes-Neto
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Valentin Mutemberezi
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Inés Martínez
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nuria Salazar
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Asturias, Spain
| | - Elizabeth A Cody
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | - Hatem Kittana
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Clara G de Los Reyes-Gavilán
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Asturias, Spain
| | - Robert J Schmaltz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jens Walter
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amanda E Ramer-Tait
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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20
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Teixeira C, Nyman M, Andersson R, Alminger M. Effects of variety and steeping conditions on some barley components associated with colonic health. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:4821-4827. [PMID: 27450418 PMCID: PMC5129454 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Butyric acid is produced by degradation of dietary fibre by microbiota and is crucial for maintaining a healthy colon. The physicochemical properties are important for butyric acid formation, and this study aimed to evaluate the use of malting to tailor the functional characteristics of barley dietary fibre. The effect of different steeping conditions was evaluated in laboratory-scale malting experiments with three different barley varieties. RESULTS Steeping at 35°C and with 0.4 % (v/v) lactic acid resulted in a higher content of β-glucan and soluble fibre in malts than in those steeped at lower temperature and lower lactic acid concentration. Resistant starch increased, whereas the content of soluble arabinoxylan was lower. Dietary fibre components in Tipple were more affected by steeping conditions than the other varieties. The total contents of iron, phytate and amylose were little influenced by steeping conditions. CONCLUSION The selection of steeping conditions during malting influences composition and the characteristics of dietary fibre in barley. However, the choice of barley variety is also important for tailoring of functional ingredients beneficial for colonic health. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by JohnWiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Teixeira
- Food and Nutrition Science, Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Göteborg, Sweden.
- Food for Health Science Centre, Kemicentrum, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Margareta Nyman
- Food for Health Science Centre, Kemicentrum, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Roger Andersson
- Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie Alminger
- Food and Nutrition Science, Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
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21
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Ghaffarzadegan T, Marungruang N, Fåk F, Nyman M. Molecular Properties of Guar Gum and Pectin Modify Cecal Bile Acids, Microbiota, and Plasma Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein in Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157427. [PMID: 27315087 PMCID: PMC4912110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) act as signaling molecules in various physiological processes, and are related to colonic microbiota composition as well as to different types of dietary fat and fiber. This study investigated whether guar gum and pectin—two fibers with distinct functional characteristics—affect BA profiles, microbiota composition, and gut metabolites in rats. Low- (LM) or high-methoxylated (HM) pectin, and low-, medium-, or high-molecular-weight (MW) guar gum were administered to rats that were fed either low- or high-fat diets. Cecal BAs, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and microbiota composition, and plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) levels were analyzed, by using novel methodologies based on gas chromatography (BAs and SCFAs) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Strong correlations were observed between cecal BA and SCFA levels, microbiota composition, and portal plasma LBP levels in rats on a high-fat diet. Notably, guar gum consumption with medium-MW increased the cecal amounts of cholic-, chenodeoxycholic-, and ursodeoxycholic acids as well as α-, β-, and ω-muricholic acids to a greater extent than other types of guar gum or the fiber-free control diet. In contrast, the amounts of cecal deoxycholic- and hyodeoxycholic acid were reduced with all types of guar gum independent of chain length. Differences in BA composition between pectin groups were less obvious, but cecal levels of α- and ω-muricholic acids were higher in rats fed LM as compared to HM pectin or the control diet. The inflammatory marker LBP was downregulated in rats fed medium-MW guar gum and HM pectin; these two fibers decreased the cecal abundance of Oscillospira and an unclassified genus in Ruminococcaceae, and increased that of an unclassified family in RF32. These results indicate that the molecular properties of guar gum and pectin are important for their ability to modulate cecal BA formation, gut microbiota composition, and high-fat diet induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frida Fåk
- Food for Health Science Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Margareta Nyman
- Food for Health Science Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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22
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Yang J, Bindels LB, Segura Munoz RR, Martínez I, Walter J, Ramer-Tait AE, Rose DJ. Disparate Metabolic Responses in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet Supplemented with Maize-Derived Non-Digestible Feruloylated Oligo- and Polysaccharides Are Linked to Changes in the Gut Microbiota. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146144. [PMID: 26731528 PMCID: PMC4701460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have suggested links between colonic fermentation of dietary fibers and improved metabolic health. The objectives of this study were to determine if non-digestible feruloylated oligo- and polysaccharides (FOPS), a maize-derived dietary fiber, could counteract the deleterious effects of high-fat (HF) feeding in mice and explore if metabolic benefits were linked to the gut microbiota. C57BL/6J mice (n = 8/group) were fed a low-fat (LF; 10 kcal% fat), HF (62 kcal% fat), or HF diet supplemented with FOPS (5%, w/w). Pronounced differences in FOPS responsiveness were observed: four mice experienced cecal enlargement and enhanced short chain fatty acid production, indicating increased cecal fermentation (F-FOPS). Only these mice displayed improvements in glucose metabolism compared with HF-fed mice. Blooms in the gut microbial genera Blautia and Akkermansia were observed in three of the F-FOPS mice; these shifts were associated with reductions in body and adipose tissue weights compared with the HF-fed control mice. No improvements in metabolic markers or weights were detected in the four mice whose gut microbiota did not respond to FOPS. These findings demonstrate that FOPS-induced improvements in weight gain and metabolic health in mice depended on the ability of an individual's microbiota to ferment FOPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Yang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Laure B. Bindels
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Rafael R. Segura Munoz
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Inés Martínez
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jens Walter
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Amanda E. Ramer-Tait
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Devin J. Rose
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
- Department of Agronomy & Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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23
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Bioaccessibility, changes in the antioxidant potential and colonic fermentation of date pits and apple bagasse flours obtained from co-products during simulated in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Food Res Int 2015; 78:169-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent clinical trials and animal studies indicate that resistant starches may be beneficial therapeutic tools for the management of metabolic diseases. The purpose of this review is to summarize these findings and discuss the established and proposed mechanisms by which resistant starches exert their benefits. We also examine open questions regarding how resistant starches improve metabolism and propose future research directions for the field. RECENT FINDINGS Data from both humans and animal models clearly support a role for resistant starches in improving a variety of metabolic features; however, discrepancies do exist regarding specific effects. Concomitant improvements in both insulin levels and body fat depots are often reported in rodents fed resistant starches, whereas resistant starch feeding in humans improves insulin sensitivity without having a major impact on fat mass. These differences could be explained by the coexistence of several mechanisms (both gut microbiota-dependent and gut microbiota-independent) underpinning the metabolic benefits of resistant starches. SUMMARY Together, the studies presented in this review offer new insights into the potential pathways by which resistant starches enhance metabolic health, including modulation of the gut microbiota, gut peptides, circulating inflammatory mediators, innate immune cells, and the bile acid cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure B. Bindels
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Jens Walter
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amanda E. Ramer-Tait
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Corresponding author (). Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 260 Food Innovation Center, 1901 North 21st Street, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA. Phone: 402-472-7293
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25
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A multifunctional diet improves cardiometabolic-related biomarkers independently of weight changes: an 8-week randomized controlled intervention in healthy overweight and obese subjects. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:2295-306. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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26
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Giuntini EB, Dan MCT, Lui MCY, Lajolo FM, Menezes EW. Positive impact of a functional ingredient on hunger and satiety after ingestion of two meals with different characteristics. Food Res Int 2015; 76:395-401. [PMID: 28455019 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The ingestion of unavailable carbohydrates - functional ingredients - has presented an inverse relationship with the risk for chronic non-communicable diseases. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of addition of inulin to two ready-to-eat frozen meals on the release of gastrointestinal hormones and other parameters related to hunger and satiety. Prototypes of two different kinds of frozen meals were elaborated by the food industry: control meal (C1 and C2); and test meals, added inulin (T1 and T2). Three sequential clinical assays were performed with healthy volunteers: 1) evaluation of glycemic response (n=16); 2) evaluation of gastrointestinal hormones related to satiety (n=15); and 3) evaluation of satiety (by Visual Analogue Scale - VAS and energy intake) (n=52). The meals showed low glycemic index and glycemic load, and T1 showed a decreased glycemic response peak compared to C1. The addition of inulin (~8g) to the test meals (lunch) provided significant satiety, resulting in an decrease in energy intake of 419 (group 1) and 586kJ (group 2) in the two subsequent meals (after 180min and 360min) and a decrease in hunger and increase in satiety at 120 and 180min when comparing with control meals. A positive post-prandial variation was observed in the plasmatic levels of ghrelin and insulin in relation to the control meal (hormones related to hunger in high levels), after the intake of both two test meals. Inulin is an ingredient that presents several positive characteristics for the elaboration of products that stimulate healthy eating habits. These effects are currently being evaluated in medium-term trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana B Giuntini
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Food and Nutrition Research Center (NAPAN) - USP, Food Research Center (FoRC/CEPID/FAPESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Milana C T Dan
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Franco M Lajolo
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Food and Nutrition Research Center (NAPAN) - USP, Food Research Center (FoRC/CEPID/FAPESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elizabete W Menezes
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Food and Nutrition Research Center (NAPAN) - USP, Food Research Center (FoRC/CEPID/FAPESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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27
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Abstract
The essential role of the gut microbiota for health has generated tremendous interest in modulating its composition and metabolic function. One of these strategies is prebiotics, which typically refer to selectively fermented nondigestible food ingredients or substances that specifically support the growth and/or activity of health-promoting bacteria that colonize the gastrointestinal tract. In this Perspective, we argue that advances in our understanding of diet-microbiome-host interactions challenge important aspects of the current concept of prebiotics, and especially the requirement for effects to be 'selective' or 'specific'. We propose to revise this concept in an effort to shift the focus towards ecological and functional features of the microbiota more likely to be relevant for host physiology. This revision would provide a more rational basis for the identification of prebiotic compounds, and a framework by which the therapeutic potential of modulating the gut microbiota could be more fully materialized.
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28
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Red bayberry extract prevents high-fat diet-induced metabolic disorders in C57BL/6 mice. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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29
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Seaweed supplements normalise metabolic, cardiovascular and liver responses in high-carbohydrate, high-fat fed rats. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:788-805. [PMID: 25648511 PMCID: PMC4344602 DOI: 10.3390/md13020788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased seaweed consumption may be linked to the lower incidence of metabolic syndrome in eastern Asia. This study investigated the responses to two tropical green seaweeds, Ulva ohnoi (UO) and Derbesia tenuissima (DT), in a rat model of human metabolic syndrome. Male Wistar rats (330–340 g) were fed either a corn starch-rich diet or a high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet with 25% fructose in drinking water, for 16 weeks. High-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed rats showed the signs of metabolic syndrome leading to abdominal obesity, cardiovascular remodelling and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Food was supplemented with 5% dried UO or DT for the final 8 weeks only. UO lowered total final body fat mass by 24%, systolic blood pressure by 29 mmHg, and improved glucose utilisation and insulin sensitivity. In contrast, DT did not change total body fat mass but decreased plasma triglycerides by 38% and total cholesterol by 17%. UO contained 18.1% soluble fibre as part of 40.9% total fibre, and increased magnesium, while DT contained 23.4% total fibre, essentially as insoluble fibre. UO was more effective in reducing metabolic syndrome than DT, possibly due to the increased intake of soluble fibre and magnesium.
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30
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Greiner AK, Papineni RVL, Umar S. Chemoprevention in gastrointestinal physiology and disease. Natural products and microbiome. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 307:G1-15. [PMID: 24789206 PMCID: PMC4080166 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00044.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The human intestinal tract harbors a complex ecosystem of commensal bacteria that play a fundamental role in the well-being of their host. There is a general consensus that diet rich in plant-based foods has many advantages in relation to the health and well-being of an individual. In adults, diets that have a high proportion of fruit and vegetables and a low consumption of meat are associated with a highly diverse microbiota and are defined by a greater abundance of Prevotella compared with Bacteroides, whereas the reverse is associated with a diet that contains a low proportion of plant-based foods. In a philosophical term, our consumption of processed foods, widespread use of antibiotics and disinfectants, and our modern lifestyle may have forever altered our ancient gut microbiome. We may never be able to identify or restore our microbiomes to their ancestral state, but dietary modulation to manipulate specific gut microbial species or groups of species may offer new therapeutic approaches to conditions that are prevalent in modern society, such as functional gastrointestinal disorders, obesity, and age-related nutritional deficiency. We believe that this will become an increasingly important area of health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen K. Greiner
- 1Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Family Medicine Research Division, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas;
| | - Rao V. L. Papineni
- 1Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Family Medicine Research Division, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; ,2PACT and Health, Branford, Connecticut; and ,3Precision X-Ray Inc., North Branford, Connecticut
| | - Shahid Umar
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Family Medicine Research Division, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas;
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