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Mishra B, Bansal S, Tripathi S, Mishra S, Yadav RK, Sangwan NS. Differential regulation of key triterpene synthase gene under abiotic stress in Withania somnifera L. Dunal and its co-relation to sterols and withanolides. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108419. [PMID: 38377888 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), is one of the most reputed Indian medicinal plants, having immense pharmacological activities due to the occurrence of withanolides. The withanolides are biosynthesized through triterpenoid biosynthetic pathway with the involvement of WsCAS leading to cyclization of 2, 3 oxidosqualene, which is a key metabolite to further diversify to a myriad of phytochemicals. In contrast to the available reports on the studies of WsCAS in withanolide biosynthesis, its involvement in phytosterol biosynthesis needs investigation. Present work deals with the understanding of role of WsCAS triterpenoid synthase gene in the regulation of biosynthesis of phytosterols & withanolides. Docking studies of WsCAS protein revealed Conserved amino acids, DCATE motif, and QW motif which are involved in efficient substrate binding, structure stabilization, and catalytic activity. Overexpression/silencing of WsCAS leading to increment/decline of phytosterols confers its stringent regulation in phytosterols biosynthesis. Differential regulation of WsCAS on the metabolic flux towards phytosterols and withanolide biosynthesis was observed under abiotic stress conditions. The preferential channelization of 2, 3 oxidosqualene towards withanolides and/or phytosterols occurred under heat/salt stress and cold/water stress, respectively. Stigmasterol and β-sitosterol showed major contribution in high/low temperature and salt stress, and campesterol in water stress management. Overexpression of WsCAS in Arabidopsis thaliana led to the increment in phytosterols in general. Thus, the WsCAS plays important regulatory role in the biosynthetic pathway of phytosterols and withanolides under abiotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawana Mishra
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) (An Institution of National Importance by an Act of Parliament), AcSIR Campus, CSIR-HRDC, Sector-19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shilpi Bansal
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) (An Institution of National Importance by an Act of Parliament), AcSIR Campus, CSIR-HRDC, Sector-19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandhya Tripathi
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) (An Institution of National Importance by an Act of Parliament), AcSIR Campus, CSIR-HRDC, Sector-19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Smrati Mishra
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ritesh K Yadav
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neelam S Sangwan
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) (An Institution of National Importance by an Act of Parliament), AcSIR Campus, CSIR-HRDC, Sector-19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India; School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123031, India.
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Singh S, Verma SC, Kumar V, Sharma K, Singh D, Khan S, Gupta N, Singh R, Khan F, Chanda D, Mishra DP, Singh D, Roy P, Gupta A. Synthesis of amide derivatives of 3-aryl-3H-benzopyrans as osteogenic agent concomitant with anticancer activity. Bioorg Chem 2023; 133:106380. [PMID: 36731295 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports a series of 3-aryl-3H-benzopyran-based amide derivatives as osteogenic agents concomitant with anticancer activity. Six target compounds viz 22e, 22f, 23i, and 24b-d showed good osteogenic activity at 1 pM and 100 pM concentrations. One of the potential molecules, 24b, effectively induced ALP activity and mRNA expression of osteogenic marker genes at 1 pM and bone mineralization at 100 pM concentrations. These molecules also presented significant growth inhibition of osteosarcoma (MG63) and estrogen-dependent and -independent (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cells. The most active compound, 24b, inhibited the growth of all the cancer cells within the IC50 10.45-12.66 µM. The mechanistic studies about 24b showed that 24b induced apoptosis via activation of the Caspase-3 enzyme and inhibited cancer cell migration. In silico molecular docking performed for 24b revealed its interaction with estrogen receptor-β (ER-β) preferentially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Singh
- Phytochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Road, Lucknow 226015, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR),Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh- 201002, India
| | - Surendra Chandra Verma
- Phytochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Road, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kriti Sharma
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram extension, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR),Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh- 201002, India
| | - Diksha Singh
- Bioprospection and Product Development, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Road, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Sana Khan
- Technology Dissemination and Computational Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Road, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Neelam Gupta
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram extension, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR),Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh- 201002, India
| | - Romila Singh
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram extension, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR),Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh- 201002, India
| | - Feroz Khan
- Technology Dissemination and Computational Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Road, Lucknow 226015, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR),Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh- 201002, India
| | - Debabrata Chanda
- Bioprospection and Product Development, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Road, Lucknow 226015, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR),Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh- 201002, India
| | - Durga Prasad Mishra
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram extension, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR),Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh- 201002, India
| | - Divya Singh
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram extension, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR),Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh- 201002, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Atul Gupta
- Phytochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Road, Lucknow 226015, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR),Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh- 201002, India.
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Balkrishna A, Sinha S, Srivastava J, Varshney A. Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal whole-plant extract demonstrates acceptable non-clinical safety in rat 28-day subacute toxicity evaluation under GLP-compliance. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11047. [PMID: 35773300 PMCID: PMC9246939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14944-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Ashwagandha) is widely used in Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha systems of medicines due to its therapeutic application in numerous ailments. Traditionally, the medications prepared from the plant employ only its roots and based on the currently available scientific literature, their efficacy and safety is well established. Apart from the roots, the aerial parts also contain bioactive components and correspondingly certain marketed preparations also employ the leaves of the plant. Accordingly, Ministry of Ayush, Government of India has lately issued an advisory emphasizing the need for extensive efficacy and safety profiling of leaf-based products. Consequently, we have conducted the present GLP-driven study, in which the non-clinical safety of a hydromethanolic extract of the whole plant of Withania somnifera (WSWPE) has been assessed according to OECD guideline 407. In this study Sprague Dawley rats of either sex were orally administered with WSWPE for 28-consecutive days at the doses of 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg/day. The study also included a satellite group of animals that received WSWPE for 28-days followed by a 14-days recovery period. Withania somnifera Whole Plant Extract was found to be safe up to the dose level of 1000 mg/kg/day as no toxicologically relevant findings could be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Roorkee-Haridwar Road, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, 249 405, India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, NH-58, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, 249405, India
- Patanjali UK Trust, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sandeep Sinha
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Roorkee-Haridwar Road, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, 249 405, India
| | - Jyotish Srivastava
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Roorkee-Haridwar Road, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, 249 405, India
| | - Anurag Varshney
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, NH-58, Roorkee-Haridwar Road, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, 249 405, India.
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, NH-58, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, 249405, India.
- Special Centre for Systems Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Tackling Chronic Inflammation with Withanolide Phytochemicals-A Withaferin a Perspective. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111107. [PMID: 33182809 PMCID: PMC7696210 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases are considered to be one of the biggest threats to human health. Most prescribed pharmaceutical drugs aiming to treat these diseases are characterized by side-effects and negatively affect therapy adherence. Finding alternative treatment strategies to tackle chronic inflammation has therefore been gaining interest over the last few decades. In this context, Withaferin A (WA), a natural bioactive compound isolated from Withania somnifera, has been identified as a promising anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory compound. Although the majority of studies focus on the molecular mechanisms of WA in cancer models, recent evidence demonstrates that WA also holds promise as a new phytotherapeutic agent against chronic inflammatory diseases. By targeting crucial inflammatory pathways, including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling, WA suppresses the inflammatory disease state in several in vitro and preclinical in vivo models of diabetes, obesity, neurodegenerative disorders, cystic fibrosis and osteoarthritis. This review provides a concise overview of the molecular mechanisms by which WA orchestrates its anti-inflammatory effects to restore immune homeostasis.
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Singh P, Gupta A, Qayoom I, Singh S, Kumar A. Orthobiologics with phytobioactive cues: A paradigm in bone regeneration. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110754. [PMID: 34321168 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone injuries occur due to various traumatic and disease conditions. Healing of bone injury occurs via a multi-stage intricate process. Body has the potential to rectify most of the bone injuries but some severe traumatic cases with critical size defects may require interventions. Autografts are still considered the "gold standard" for fracture healing but due to limitations associated with it, new alternatives are warranted. The field of orthobiologics has provided novel approaches using scaffolds, bioactive molecules, stem cells for the treatment of bone defects. Phyto-bioactives have been widely used in alternative medicine and folklore practices for curing bone ailments. It is believed that different bioactive constituents in plants work synergistically to give the therapeutic efficacy. Bioactives in plants extracts act upon different signal transduction pathways aiding in bone healing. The present review focuses on the use, chemical composition, mode of delivery, mechanism of action, and possible future strategies of three medicinal plants popularly used in traditional medicine for bone healing: Cissus quadrangularis, Withania somnifera and Tinospora cordifolia. Plants extracts seem to be a natural and non-toxic therapeutic alternative in treating bone injuries. Most of the studies on bone healing for these plants have reported oral administration of the extracts and presented them as a safe alternative without any side effects despite giving higher doses. Forthcoming studies could be directed towards the local delivery of extracts at the defect site. Unification of herbal extracts and orthobiologics could be an interesting direction in the field of bone healing in future. The present review intends to provide a bird's eye view of different strategies used in bone healing, mechanisms involved and future direction of advancements using phytobioactives and orthobiologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Singh
- Department of Biological Science and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, UP, India
| | - Archita Gupta
- Department of Bioengineering, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra (BIT Mesra), Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Irfan Qayoom
- Department of Biological Science and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, UP, India
| | - Sneha Singh
- Department of Bioengineering, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra (BIT Mesra), Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biological Science and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, UP, India; Centre for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, UP, India; Centre for Nanosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, UP, India.
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Kuang Z, Bai J, Ni L, Hang K, Xu J, Ying L, Xue D, Pan Z. Withanolide B promotes osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via ERK1/2 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106960. [PMID: 32919219 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of bone defects has always been a problem for clinicians. In recent years, research on human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) has found that promoting their osteogenic differentiation could be a useful therapeutic strategy for bone healing. Previous studies have been reported that Withania somnifera Dunal inhibits osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. Withanolide B is an active component of W. somnifera Dunal, but its role in osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs remains unknown. Here, we performed a preliminary study on the role of Withanolide B in promoting osteogenic differentiation and its possible mechanism. METHODS We investigated the effect of Withanolide B on osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs in vitro and in vivo. The effect of Withanolide B on the activity of hBMSCs was verified by CCK-8 assay and quantitative Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blotting analysis were used to verify the effect of Withanolide B on osteogenic differentiation-specific genes and proteins. The effect of Withanolide B on ALP activity and mineral deposition was verified by ALP and ARS staining. We then used a rat tibial osteotomy model to observe the effect of Withanolide B on bone healing. RESULTS Withanolide B is noncytotoxic to hBMSCs and can effectively promote their osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, we found that Withanolide B can regulate the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs through the ERK1/2 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. When inhibitors of the ERK1/2 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways were used, the enhancement of osteogenic differentiation induced by Withanolide B was attenuated. Withanolide B also effectively promoted bone healing in the rat tibial osteotomy model. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Withanolide B can promote the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs through the ERK1/2 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways and can effectively promote bone defect healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Kuang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jinwu Bai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Licheng Ni
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Kai Hang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jianxiang Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Li Ying
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Deting Xue
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China.
| | - Zhijun Pan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China.
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Qayoom I, Teotia AK, Meena M, Singh P, Mishra A, Singh S, Kumar A. Enhanced bone mineralization using hydroxyapatite-based ceramic bone substitute incorporating Withania somnifera extracts. Biomed Mater 2020; 15:055015. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab8835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Tripathi S, Sangwan RS, Mishra B, Jadaun JS, Sangwan NS. Berry transcriptome: insights into a novel resource to understand development dependent secondary metabolism in Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha). PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 168:148-173. [PMID: 30767228 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) is considered as Rasayana in Indian systems of medicine. This study reports a novel transcriptome of W. somnifera berries, with high depth, quality and coverage. Assembled and annotated transcripts for nearly all genes related with the withanolide biosynthetic pathway were obtained. Tissue-wide gene expression analysis reflected almost similar definitions for the terpenoid pathway in leaf, root and berry tissues with relatively higher abundance of transcripts linked to steroid, phenylpropanoid metabolism as well as flavonoid metabolism in berries. The metabolome map generated from the data embodied transcripts from 143 metabolic pathways connected together and mediated collectively by about 1792 unique enzyme functions specific to berry, leaf and root tissues, respectively. Transcripts specific to cytochrome p450 (CYP450), methyltransferases and glycosyltransferases were distinctively located in a tissue specific manner and exhibited a complex network. Significant distribution of transcription factor genes such as MYB, early light inducible protein (ELI), minichromosome maintenance1, agamous, deficiens and serum response factor (MADS) and WRKY etc. was observed, as the major transcriptional regulators of secondary metabolism. Validation of the assembly was ascertained by cloning WsELI, which has a light dependent regulatory role in development. Quantitative expression of WsELI was observed to be considerably modulated upon exposure to abiotic stress and elicitors. Co-relation of over-expression of WsELI, may provide new aspects for the functional role of ELI proteins in plants linked to secondary metabolism. The study offers the first comprehensive and comparative evaluation of W. somnifera transcriptome data between the three tissues and across other members of Solanaceae (Nicotiana, Solanum and Capsicum) with respect to major pathways and their metabolome regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Tripathi
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) (An Institution of National Importance by Act of Parliament), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajender Singh Sangwan
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) (An Institution of National Importance by Act of Parliament), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (A National Institute under Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India), Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Bhawana Mishra
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) (An Institution of National Importance by Act of Parliament), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jyoti Singh Jadaun
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (A National Institute under Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India), Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Singh Sangwan
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) (An Institution of National Importance by Act of Parliament), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Life Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana, India
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Kushwaha P, Ahmad N, Dhar YV, Verma A, Haldar S, Mulani FA, Trivedi PK, Mishra PR, Thulasiram HV, Trivedi R. Estrogen receptor activation in response to Azadirachtin A stimulates osteoblast differentiation and bone formation in mice. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:23719-23735. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Naseer Ahmad
- Endocrinology CSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow India
| | - Yogeshwar V. Dhar
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology CSIR‐National Botanical Research Institute Lucknow India
| | - Ashwni Verma
- Pharmaceutics Division CSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow India
| | - Saikat Haldar
- Organic Chemistry Division CSIR‐National Chemical Laboratory Pune India
| | - Fayaj A. Mulani
- Organic Chemistry Division CSIR‐National Chemical Laboratory Pune India
| | - Prabodh K. Trivedi
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology CSIR‐National Botanical Research Institute Lucknow India
| | - Prabhat R. Mishra
- Pharmaceutics Division CSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow India
| | | | - Ritu Trivedi
- Endocrinology CSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow India
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Witter S, Witter R, Vilu R, Samoson A. Medical Plants and Nutraceuticals for Amyloid-β Fibrillation Inhibition. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2018; 2:239-252. [PMID: 30599045 PMCID: PMC6311354 DOI: 10.3233/adr-180066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plaque formation due to amyloid-β oligomerization and fibrillation is a key issue for its deposition in the brains of dementia and Alzheimer's disease patients. Related drugs preventing this peptide fibril accumulation bear the potential of considerable medical and social value. In this study, we performed in vitro fibrillation inhibition tests with eight different medical plant extracts and nutraceuticals using fluorescence spectroscopy. Successful inhibition of the following plant extracts and nutraceuticals were obtained: Withania somnifera, Centella asiatica, Bacopa monnieri, and Convolvulus pluricaulis, providing new drug candidates for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffi Witter
- Department of Health Technologies, School of Information Technologies, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Raiker Witter
- Department of Health Technologies, School of Information Technologies, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Raivo Vilu
- Competence Center of Food and Fermentation Technology (TFTAK), Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Ago Samoson
- Department of Health Technologies, School of Information Technologies, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
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Sanchita, Trivedi R, Asif MH, Trivedi PK. Dietary plant miRNAs as an augmented therapy: cross-kingdom gene regulation. RNA Biol 2018; 15:1433-1439. [PMID: 30474479 PMCID: PMC6333437 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2018.1551693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-kingdom gene regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs) initiated a hot debate on the effective role of orally acquired plant miRNAs on human gene expression. It resulted in the expansion of gene regulation theories and role of plant miRNAs in cross-kingdom regulation of gene expression. This opened up the discussion that 'Whether we really get what we eat?' and 'Whether the orally acquired miRNAs really have a biologically important consequences after entering our digestive and circulatory system?' The reports of orally acquired plant miRNAs inside human alimentary canal have been a topic of discussion in the scientific community. The cross-kingdom gene regulations have raised our hopes to explore the exciting world of plant miRNAs as therapeutic potential and dietary supplements. However, there are reports which have raised concerns over any such cross-kingdom regulation and argued that technical flaws in the experiments might have led to such hypothesis. This review will give the complete understanding of exogenous application and cross-kingdom regulation of plant miRNAs on human health. Here, we provide update and discuss the consequences of plant miRNA mediated cross-kingdom gene regulation and possibilities for this exciting regulatory mechanism as an augmented therapy against various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchita
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ritu Trivedi
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mehar Hasan Asif
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Prabodh Kumar Trivedi
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
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12
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Postmenopausal osteoporosis and breast cancer: The biochemical links and beneficial effects of functional foods. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:571-582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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13
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Gautam C, Chakravarty D, Gautam A, Tiwary CS, Woellner CF, Mishra VK, Ahmad N, Ozden S, Jose S, Biradar S, Vajtai R, Trivedi R, Galvao DS, Ajayan PM. Synthesis and 3D Interconnected Nanostructured h-BN-Based Biocomposites by Low-Temperature Plasma Sintering: Bone Regeneration Applications. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:6013-6021. [PMID: 30023937 PMCID: PMC6045471 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances and demands in biomedical applications drive a large amount of research to synthesize easily scalable low-density, high-strength, and wear-resistant biomaterials. The chemical inertness with low density combined with high strength makes h-BN one of the promising materials for such application. In this work, three-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) interconnected with boron trioxide (B2O3) was prepared by easily scalable and energy efficient spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. The composite structure shows significant densification (1.6-1.9 g/cm3) and high surface area (0.97-14.5 m2/g) at an extremely low SPS temperature of 250 °C. A high compressive strength of 291 MPa with a reasonably good wear resistance was obtained for the composite structure. The formation of strong covalent bonds between h-BN and B2O3 was formulated and established by molecular dynamics simulation. The composite showed significant effect on cell viability/proliferation. It shows a high mineralized nodule formation over the control, which suggests its use as a possible osteogenic agent in bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandkiram Gautam
- Department
of Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department
of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India
- E-mail: . Tel: +91-8840389015
| | - Dibyendu Chakravarty
- International
Advanced Research Center for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI), Balapur, P. O., Hyderabad, Telangana 500005, India
| | - Amarendra Gautam
- Department
of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India
| | - Chandra Sekhar Tiwary
- Department
of Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Cristiano Francisco Woellner
- Department
of Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Applied
Physics Department, State University of
Campinas-UNICAMP Campinas, São
Paulo 13083-859, Brazil
| | - Vijay Kumar Mishra
- Endocrinology
Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031, India
| | - Naseer Ahmad
- Endocrinology
Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031, India
| | - Sehmus Ozden
- Department
of Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Sujin Jose
- School
of
Physics, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625021, India
| | - Santoshkumar Biradar
- Department
of Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Robert Vajtai
- Department
of Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Ritu Trivedi
- Endocrinology
Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031, India
| | - Douglas S. Galvao
- Applied
Physics Department, State University of
Campinas-UNICAMP Campinas, São
Paulo 13083-859, Brazil
| | - Pulickel M. Ajayan
- Department
of Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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14
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Choudhary D, Kothari P, Tripathi AK, Singh S, Adhikary S, Ahmad N, Kumar S, Dev K, Mishra VK, Shukla S, Maurya R, Mishra PR, Trivedi R. Spinacia oleracea extract attenuates disease progression and sub-chondral bone changes in monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis in rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:69. [PMID: 29463254 PMCID: PMC5819303 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2117-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Spinacia oleracea is an important dietary vegetable in India and throughout the world and has many beneficial effects. It is cultivated globally. However, its effect on osteoarthritis that mainly targets the cartilage cells remains unknown. In this study we aimed to evaluate the anti-osteoarthritic and chondro-protective effects of SOE on chemically induced osteoarthritis (OA). Methods OA was induced by intra-patellar injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) at the knee joint in rats. SOE was then given orally at 250 and 500 mg.kg− 1 day− 1 doses for 28 days to these rats. Anti-osteoarthritic potential of SOE was evaluated by micro-CT, mRNA and protein expression of pro-inflammatory and chondrogenic genes, clinically relevant biomarker’s and behavioural experiments. Results In vitro cell free and cell based assays indicated that SOE acts as a strong anti-oxidant and an anti-inflammatory agent. Histological analysis of knee joints at the end of the experiment by safranin-o and toluidine blue staining established its protective effect. Radiological data corroborated the findings with improvement in the joint space and irregularity of the articular and atrophied femoral condyles and tibial plateau. Micro-CT analysis of sub-chondral bone indicated that SOE had the ability to mitigate OA effects by increasing bone volume to tissue volume (BV/TV) which resulted in decrease of trabecular pattern factor (Tb.Pf) by more than 200%. SOE stimulated chondrogenic marker gene expression with reduction in pro-inflammatory markers. Purified compounds isolated from SOE exhibited increased Sox-9 and Col-II protein expression in articular chondrocytes. Serum and urine analysis indicated that SOE had the potential to down-regulate glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, clinical markers of osteoarthritis like cartilage oligometric matrix protein (COMP) and CTX-II. Overall, this led to a significant improvement in locomotion and balancing activity in rats as assessed by Open-field and Rota rod test. Conclusion On the basis of in vitro and in vivo experiments performed with Spinacea oleracea extract we can deduce that SOE has the ability to alleviate the MIA induced deleterious effects. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-018-2117-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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15
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Brum AM, van de Peppel J, Nguyen L, Aliev A, Schreuders-Koedam M, Gajadien T, van der Leije CS, van Kerkwijk A, Eijken M, van Leeuwen JPTM, van der Eerden BCJ. Using the Connectivity Map to discover compounds influencing human osteoblast differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:4895-4906. [PMID: 29194609 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass leading to increased bone fragility and fracture susceptibility. Identification of factors influencing osteoblast differentiation and bone formation is very important. Previously, we identified parbendazole to be a novel compound that stimulates osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs), using gene expression profiling and bioinformatic analyzes, including the Connectivity Map (CMap), as an in-silico approach. The aim for this paper is to identify additional compounds affecting osteoblast differentiation using the CMap. Gene expression profiling was performed on hMSCs differentiated to osteoblasts using Illumina microarrays. Our osteoblast gene signature, the top regulated genes 6 hr after induction by dexamethasone, was uploaded into CMap (www.broadinstitute.org/cmap/). Through this approach we identified compounds with gene signatures positively correlating (withaferin-A, calcium folinate, amylocaine) or negatively correlating (salbutamol, metaraminol, diprophylline) to our osteoblast gene signature. All positively correlating compounds stimulated osteogenic differentiation, as indicated by increased mineralization compared to control treated cells. One of three negatively correlating compounds, salbutamol, inhibited dexamethasone-induced osteoblastic differentiation, while the other two had no effect. Based on gene expression data of withaferin-A and salbutamol, we identified HMOX1 and STC1 as being strongly differentially expressed . shRNA knockdown of HMOX1 or STC1 in hMSCs inhibited osteoblast differentiation. These results confirm that the CMap is a powerful approach to identify positively compounds that stimulate osteogenesis of hMSCs, and through this approach we can identify genes that play an important role in osteoblast differentiation and could be targets for novel bone anabolic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Brum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van de Peppel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linh Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Abidin Aliev
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tarini Gajadien
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - B C J van der Eerden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Ahmad N, Chillara R, Kushwaha P, Khedgikar V, Karvande A, Choudhary D, Adhikary S, Maurya R, Trivedi R. Evaluation of anti-osteoporotic activity of butanolic fraction from Passiflora foetida in ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:804-813. [PMID: 28160755 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we have evaluated the skeletal effects of butanolic fraction (BF) from Passiflora foetida in an estrogen deficient mice bone loss model. STUDY DESIGN Skeletal effect of BF was studied in ovariectomized (OVx) female Balb/c mice. BF (50 and 100mg/kg/day dose orally) was given for 8 weeks. Micro-architecture of long bones, biomechanical strength, formations of mineralized nodule by bone marrow osteoprogenitor cells, osteoid formation and bone turnover markers were studied. One way ANOVA was used to test the significance of effects of Passiflora foetida. RESULTS OVx mice treated with BF represented with better micro-architectural parameters at various anatomical positions, better bone biomechanical strength and more osteoprogenitor cells in the bone marrow compared with OVx group. BF did not exhibit uterine estrogenicity. CONCLUSION Oral administration of BF at both the doses (50 and 100mg/kg/day) derived from Passiflora Foetida, was found to afford anti-osteoporotic effect under estrogen deficiency by likely stimulation of osteoblast function and inhibition of osteoclast function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseer Ahmad
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raju Chillara
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priyanka Kushwaha
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vikram Khedgikar
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anirudha Karvande
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dharmendra Choudhary
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sulekha Adhikary
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh Maurya
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ritu Trivedi
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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17
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Khedgikar V, Kushwaha P, Ahmad N, Gautam J, Kumar P, Maurya R, Trivedi R. Ethanolic extract of Dalbergia sissoo promotes rapid regeneration of cortical bone in drill-hole defect model of rat. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 86:16-22. [PMID: 27936389 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Leaves of Dalbergia sissoo is known to have protective actions against postmenopausal bone loss in rat. In this study, we have evaluated the fracture healing properties of ethanolic extract (EE) of Dalbergia sissoo leaves. To observe the fracture healing property in the drill-hole injury model, we randomly divided total 32 adult female Sprague Dawley rats (180±200g) into 4 groups: (i) Control operated group; (ii) EE (250mg/kg/day); (iii) EE (500mg/kg/day) and (iv) EE (1000mg/kg/day). The right femora were fractured at the mid-diaphysis region and each group of rats received their respective treatment for 15days. Ethanol extract dose dependently induced bone regeneration at the fracture site assessed by fluorochrome labeling. All of three doses, 250mg/kg/day dose significantly increased bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, trabecular number, and connectivity density and decreased trabecular separation in bone. Furthermore, the extract induced the expression of osteogenic genes including BMP-2, BMP-4, RunX-2 and COL-1 compared to the control group. The EE improved fracture healing much earlier (day 15) than the normal healing process, as assessed by the increased callus volumes and mineralized nodule formation. This extract is found beneficial in fracture healing of rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Khedgikar
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Priyanka Kushwaha
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Naseer Ahmad
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Jyoti Gautam
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Padam Kumar
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Rakesh Maurya
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Ritu Trivedi
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.
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Choudhary D, Kushwaha P, Gautam J, Kumar P, Verma A, Kumar A, Maurya SW, Siddiqui IR, Mishra PR, Maurya R, Trivedi R. Fast and long acting neoflavonoids dalbergin isolated from Dalbergia sissoo heartwood is osteoprotective in ovariectomized model of osteoporosis: Osteoprotective effect of Dalbergin. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:942-957. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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19
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Kushwaha P, Khedgikar V, Ahmad N, Karvande A, Gautam J, Kumar P, Maurya R, Trivedi R. A neoflavonoid dalsissooal isolated from heartwood of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. has bone forming effects in mice model for osteoporosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 788:65-74. [PMID: 27316792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. is a well known medicinal plant of India, enriched with various flavonoids used for treating multiple diseases. Earlier, we have shown that extract of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. leaves mitigate ovariectomy induced bone loss and pure compounds (neoflavonoids) isolated from it, promote osteoblastogenesis in primary calvarial osteoblasts cells in vitro. Here, we hypothesize that dalsissooal (DSL), a novel neoflavonoid isolated from the heartwood of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. is an important constituent of the extract that imparts bone forming effects. Treatment with DSL enhanced trabecular bone micro-architecture parameters, biomechanical strength, increased bone formation rate and mineral apposition rate in OVx mice comparable to 17β-estradiol. It increased bone formation by enhancing osteoblast gene expression and reduced bone turnover by decreasing osteoclastic gene expressions. Interestingly, we observed that DSL has no uterine estrogenic effects. At cellular levels, DSL promoted differentiation of bone marrow cells as well as calvaria osteoblast cells towards osteoblast lineage by enhancing differentiation and mineralizing ability to form mineralizing nodules via stimulating BMP-2 and RunX-2 expressions. Overall, our data suggest that oral supplementation of a novel neoflavonoid dalsissooal isolated from heartwood of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. exhibited bone anabolic action by improving structural property of bone, promoting new bone formation and reducing bone turnover rate in post-menopausal model for osteoporosis with no uterine hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Kushwaha
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; AcSIR, Academy of CSIR, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Vikram Khedgikar
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Naseer Ahmad
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Anirudha Karvande
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Jyoti Gautam
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Padam Kumar
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Rakesh Maurya
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ritu Trivedi
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
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20
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Kushwaha P, Khedgikar V, Haldar S, Gautam J, Mulani FA, Thulasiram HV, Trivedi R. Azadirachta indica triterpenoids promote osteoblast differentiation and mineralization in vitro and in vivo. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3719-24. [PMID: 27317644 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Terpenoids were isolated using chromatographic purification through solvent purification technique and identified as Azadirone (1), Epoxyazadiradione (2) Azadiradione (3) Gedunin (4) Nimbin (5) Salannin (6) Azadirachtin A (7) and Azadirachtin B (8) from Azadirachta indica. Out of eight compounds, only three compounds had osteogenic activity and enhanced osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and mineralization in osteoblast cells. Active compounds stimulated osteogenic genes ALP, RunX-2 and OCN expressions in vitro, but Azadirachtin A had a maximum ability to stimulate osteoblast differentiation and mineralization compared to other two active compounds. For in vivo study, Azadirachtin A injected subcutaneously in pups, which enhanced osteogenic gene expressions and promoted bone formation rate significantly. Here, we conclude that active compounds of Azadirachta indica have osteogenic activity and Azadirachtin A has a beneficial effects on bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Kushwaha
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031, India
| | - Vikram Khedgikar
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031, India
| | - Saikat Haldar
- Chemical Biology Unit, Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Jyoti Gautam
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031, India
| | - Fayaj A Mulani
- Chemical Biology Unit, Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Hirekodathakallu V Thulasiram
- Chemical Biology Unit, Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India; CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, New Delhi 110007, India.
| | - Ritu Trivedi
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031, India.
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21
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Choudhary D, Pandey A, Adhikary S, Ahmad N, Bhatia C, Bhambhani S, Trivedi PK, Trivedi R. Genetically engineered flavonol enriched tomato fruit modulates chondrogenesis to increase bone length in growing animals. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21668. [PMID: 26917158 PMCID: PMC4768317 DOI: 10.1038/srep21668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Externally visible body and longitudinal bone growth is a result of proliferation of chondrocytes. In growth disorder, there is delay in the age associated increase in height. The present study evaluates the effect of extract from transgenic tomato fruit expressing AtMYB12 transcription factor on bone health including longitudinal growth. Constitutive expression of AtMYB12 in tomato led to a significantly enhanced biosynthesis of flavonoids in general and the flavonol biosynthesis in particular. Pre-pubertal ovary intact BALB/c mice received daily oral administration of vehicle and ethanolic extract of wild type (WT-TOM) and transgenic AtMYB12-tomato (MYB12-TOM) fruits for six weeks. Animal fed with MYB12-TOM showed no inflammation in hepatic tissues and normal sinusoidal Kupffer cell morphology. MYB12-TOM extract significantly increased tibial and femoral growth and subsequently improved the bone length as compared to vehicle and WT-TOM. Histomorphometry exhibited significantly wider distal femoral and proximal tibial growth plate, increased number and size of hypertrophic chondrocytes in MYB12-TOM which corroborated with micro-CT and expression of BMP-2 and COL-10, marker genes for hypertrophic cells. We conclude that metabolic reprogramming of tomato by AtMYB12 has the potential to improve longitudinal bone growth thus helping in achievement of greater peak bone mass during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Choudhary
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Endocrinology Division, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow-226031, INDIA
| | - Ashutosh Pandey
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226 001, INDIA
| | - Sulekha Adhikary
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Endocrinology Division, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow-226031, INDIA
| | - Naseer Ahmad
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Endocrinology Division, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow-226031, INDIA
| | - Chitra Bhatia
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226 001, INDIA
| | - Sweta Bhambhani
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226 001, INDIA
| | - Prabodh Kumar Trivedi
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226 001, INDIA
| | - Ritu Trivedi
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Endocrinology Division, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow-226031, INDIA
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