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Lee H, Kang EY, Lee J, Kim Y, Kang S, Kim H, Kim HK, Gang G, Lee SG, Lei C, Go GW. A combined extract containing Schisandra chinensis (SCE) reduced hepatic triglyceride accumulation in rats fed a high-sucrose diet. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:1449-1457. [PMID: 38585559 PMCID: PMC10992756 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01464-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive hepatic lipid accumulation is closely linked to inflammation, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndromes. We hypothesized that a combined extract containing Schisandra chinensis (SCE) could alleviate hepatic lipid accumulation. Male Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high-sucrose diet (HSD) were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 6): normal diet (ND), HSD (60% kcal from sucrose), and HSD + SCE (HSD with 2.44% SCE). Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry revealed that SCE contains chlorogenic acid (5.514 ± 0.009 mg/g) and schisandrin (0.179 ± 0.002 mg/g) as bioactive components. SCE did not alter the body weight, fat mass, lean mass, or glucose levels. Strikingly, SCE effectively reduced the plasma triglyceride (TG) and hepatic TG levels compared to the HSD group. Adiposity reduction is due to decreased activity of hepatic de novo lipogenic enzymes. These results indicated that SCE has nutraceutical potential for the prevention and treatment of hepatic steatosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01464-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneul Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Joowon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513 Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoon Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kyung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoungok Gang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-gil Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513 Republic of Korea
| | - Cao Lei
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-woong Go
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
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2
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Deng Y, Hu M, Huang S, Fu N. Molecular mechanism and therapeutic significance of essential amino acids in metabolically associated fatty liver disease. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 126:109581. [PMID: 38219809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), also known as metabolically associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), is a systemic metabolic disease characterized by lipid accumulation in the liver, lipid toxicity, insulin resistance, intestinal dysbiosis, and inflammation that can progress from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and even cirrhosis or cancer. It is the most prevalent illness threatening world health. Currently, there are almost no approved drug interventions for MAFLD, mainly dietary changes and exercise to control weight and regulate metabolic disorders. Meanwhile, the metabolic pathway involved in amino acid metabolism also influences the onset and development of MAFLD in the body, and most amino acid metabolism takes place in the liver. Essential amino acids are those amino acids that must be supplemented from outside the diet and that cannot be synthesized in the body or cannot be synthesized at a rate sufficient to meet the body's needs, including leucine, isoleucine, valine (collectively known as branched-chain amino acids), tryptophan, phenylalanine (which are aromatic amino acids), histidine, methionine, threonine and lysine. The metabolic balance of the body is closely linked to these essential amino acids, and essential amino acids are closely linked to the pathophysiological process of MAFLD. In this paper, we will focus on the metabolism of essential amino acids in the body and further explore the therapeutic strategies for MAFLD based on the studies conducted in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Deng
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421002, China
| | - Mengsi Hu
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421002, China
| | - Shufang Huang
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421002, China.
| | - Nian Fu
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421002, China; The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Institute of Clinical Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421002, China.
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3
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Ramos-Lopez O. Multi-Omics Nutritional Approaches Targeting Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:2142. [PMID: 36421817 PMCID: PMC9690481 DOI: 10.3390/genes13112142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a leading global cause of chronic liver disease, and is expected to become one of the most common indications of liver transplantation. MAFLD is associated with obesity, involving multiple mechanisms such as alterations in lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, hyperinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, and extracellular matrix formation. However, the onset and progression of MAFLD is variable among individuals, being influenced by intrinsic (personal) and external environmental factors. In this context, sequence structural variants across the human genome, epigenetic phenomena (i.e., DNA methylation, histone modifications, and long non-coding RNAs) affecting gene expression, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and metabolomics/lipidomic fingerprints may account for differences in MAFLD outcomes through interactions with nutritional features. This knowledge may contribute to gaining a deeper understanding of the molecular and physiological processes underlying MAFLD pathogenesis and phenotype heterogeneity, as well as facilitating the identification of biomarkers of disease progression and therapeutic targets for the implementation of tailored nutritional strategies. This comprehensive literature review highlights the potential of nutrigenetic, nutriepigenetic, nutrimetagenomic, nutritranscriptomics, and nutrimetabolomic approaches for the prevention and management of MAFLD in humans through the lens of precision nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Medicine and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Mexico
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Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant, Anti-Enzymatic and Cytotoxic Activity of the Fruits and Roots of Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175579. [PMID: 36080343 PMCID: PMC9457789 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim. is well-known for its adaptogenic properties in traditional Eastern medicine. It has been categorized as an endangered species due to the over-exploitation of the roots. As a result, alternatives must be found, including the usage of renewable aerial parts such as fruits. The goal of this research was to determine the phenolic compounds and the enzymatic, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of the intractum gained from the E. senticosus fruits and the mixture of chloroform-methanol roots extract with naringenin (3:7:5). The obtained results showed, that the intractum contained 1.02 mg/g ext. of polyphenols, 0.30 mg/g ext. of flavonoids, and 0.19 mg/g ext. of phenolic acids. In turn, the mixture of chloroform-methanol roots extract with naringenin (3:7:5) contained 159.27 mg/g ext. of polyphenols, 137.47 mg/g ext. of flavonoids, and 79.99 mg/g ext. of phenolic acids. Regarding the anti-enzymatic assay, the IC50 values for tyrosinase and hyaluronidase were equal to 586.83 and 217.44 [μg/mL] for the intractum, and 162.56 and 44.80 [μg/mL] for the mixture, respectively. Both preparations have possessed significant antioxidant activity in the ABTS, DPPH, and ferrozine tests. No cytotoxic effect on the FaDu and HEP G2 cancer cell lines was observed. Our findings support the traditional use of fruits and roots. Moreover, the results indicate also that adaptogens are rather nontoxic for normal and cancer cells, which corresponds with some hypotheses on adaptogens activity.
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Ferro Y, Pujia R, Mazza E, Lascala L, Lodari O, Maurotti S, Pujia A, Montalcini T. A new nutraceutical (Livogen Plus®) improves liver steatosis in adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Lab Invest 2022; 20:377. [PMID: 35986358 PMCID: PMC9392294 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03579-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Currently, there is no approved medication for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease management. Pre-clinical and clinical studies showed that several bioactive molecules in plants or foods (i.e., curcumin complex, bergamot polyphenol fraction, artichoke leaf extract, black seed oil, concentrate fish oil, picroliv root, glutathione, S-adenosyl-l-methionine and other natural ingredients) have been associated with improved fatty liver disease. Starting from these evidences, our purpose was to evaluate the effects of a novel combination of abovementioned nutraceuticals as a treatment for adults with fatty liver disease.
Methods
A total of 140 participants with liver steatosis were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial. The intervention group received six softgel capsules daily of a nutraceutical (namely Livogen Plus®) containing a combination of natural bioactive components for 12 weeks. The control group received six softgel capsules daily of a placebo containing maltodextrin for 12 weeks. The primary outcome measure was the change in liver fat content (CAP score). CAP score, by transient elastography, serum glucose, lipids, transaminases, and cytokines were measured at baseline and after intervention.
Results
After adjustment for confounding variables (i.e., CAP score and triglyceride at baseline, and changes of serum γGT, and vegetable and animal proteins, cholesterol intake at the follow-up), we found a greater CAP score reduction in the nutraceutical group rather than placebo (− 34 ± 5 dB/m vs. − 20 ± 5 dB/m, respectively; p = 0.045). The CAP score reduction (%) was even greater in those with aged 60 or less, low baseline HDL-C, AST reduction as well as in men.
Conclusion
Our results showed that a new combination of bioactive molecules as nutraceutical was safe and effective in reducing liver fat content over 12 weeks in individuals with hepatic steatosis.
Trial registration ISRCTN, ISRCTN70887063. Registered 03 August 2021—retrospectively registered, https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN70887063
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Li H, Fan C, Liu J, Wang B, Li H. Integration of full-length transcriptomes and anthocyanin metabolite analysis for understanding fruit coloration mechanism in Schisandra chinensis. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:921-933. [PMID: 35722508 PMCID: PMC9203629 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Coloration directly affects the commercial value of Schisandra chinensis fruits. The composition and content of anthocyanin determine the S. chinensis fruit coloration. However, the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis and regulation in this fruit remains unknown. In this study, we performed integrative full-length transcriptomics and targeted metabolomics analyses in S. chinensis fruits at four different developmental stages to elucidate the coloration mechanism. Cyanidin3-O-xyl-rutinoside is the key anthocyanin, which is responsible for the reddening of S. chinensis fruits, and its accumulation gradually accelerated from the 80th day after fluorescence. Overall, 122,289 unigenes with an average length of 2592 bp and an N50 of 4232 bp were obtained through single-molecule real-time sequencing; a total of 16,456 differentially expressed genes were identified. Moreover, 10 full-length structural genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis were found to be significantly differentially expressed with fruit ripening. Moreover, 10 glycosyltransferases (GTs) that may possess the activities of anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase, anthocyanidin 3-O-glucoside rhamnosyltransferase, and xylosyltransferases, which are involved in the final three steps for cyanidin3-O-xyl-rutinoside synthesis, were identified through phylogenetic analysis. Based on these findings, we constructed the complete anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in S. chinensis fruits; five ScMYBs, three ScbHLHs, and two ScWD40s potentially involved in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in S. chinensis fruits were also selected. Our study provides the foundation for further research on the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis and regulation for improving the quality of S. chinensis fruits. The results of full-length transcriptomes would provide researchers with novel insights into the molecular cloning of enzymes and their activity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01179-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 China
| | - Chunxue Fan
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 China
| | - Jiushi Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Biao Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 China
| | - Hongbo Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 China
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Chung MY, Kim HJ, Choi HK, Park JH, Hwang JT. Black Mulberry Extract Elicits Hepatoprotective Effects in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Models by Inhibition of Histone Acetylation. J Med Food 2021; 24:978-986. [PMID: 34524028 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.k.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation by histone acetyltransferase (HAT) is associated with various biological processes and the progression of diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The objective of this study was to investigate whether the hypolipidemic properties of black mulberry (Morus atropurpurea Roxb.) fruit extract (BME) contribute toward protection against NAFLD by HAT inhibition. HepG2 cells were treated with oleic and palmitic acids to induce lipid accumulation, which was significantly attenuated by the treatment with BME at 50 and 100 μg/mL. BME also markedly reduced the expression of proteins associated with lipogenesis, which was attributed to the BME-mediated downregulation of lipogenic genes in HepG2 cells. BME significantly inhibited in vitro total HAT and p300 activities. In addition, BME suppressed total acetylated lysine as well as specific histone acetylation of proteins H3K14 and H3K27 in HepG2 cells. Mice were then fed with either a chow diet or western diet (WD), with or without BME (1%, w/w) supplementation, for 12 weeks to confirm hypolipidemic activity of BME. BME attenuated serum nonesterified fatty acids and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, which was likely associated with the downregulation of hepatic lipogenic gene expression in WD-fed obese mice. Taken together, the hypolipidemic activity of BME was observed in HepG2 cells treated with fatty acids as well as in livers of obese mice, and the hepatoprotection of BME is likely associated with the inhibition of acetylation. Further investigation is warranted to determine whether BME can be developed into an efficacious dietary intervention to attenuate the progression of NAFLD by epigenetic regulation in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yu Chung
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Kim
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyo-Kyoung Choi
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Jae Ho Park
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Jin-Taek Hwang
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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The Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of Capsella Bursa-Pastoris Is Mediated via SREBP2 and HNF-1α-Regulated PCSK9 Inhibition in Obese Mice and HepG2 Cells. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020408. [PMID: 33673187 PMCID: PMC7918551 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the mechanism by which capsella bursa-pastoris ethanol extract (CBE), containing 17.5 milligrams of icaritin per kilogram of the extract, and icaritin, mediate hypocholesterolemic activity via the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and pro-protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) in obese mice and HepG2 cells. CBE significantly attenuated serum total and LDL cholesterol levels in obese mice, which was associated with significantly decreased PCSK9 gene expression. HepG2 cells were cultured using delipidated serum (DLPS), and CBE significantly reduced PCSK9 and maintained the LDLR level. CBE co-treatment with rosuvastatin attenuated statin-mediated PCSK9 expression, and further increased LDLR. The icaritin contained in CBE decreased intracellular PCSK9 and LDLR levels by suppressing transcription factors SREBP2 and HNF-1α. Icaritin also significantly suppressed the extracellular PCSK9 level, which likely contributed to post-translational stabilization of LDLR in the HepG2 cells. PCSK9 inhibition by CBE is actively attributed to icaritin, and the use of CBE and icaritin could be an alternative therapeutic approach in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.
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Cheng W, Ma J, Zhang Y, Xu C, Zhang Z, Hu L, Li J. Bio-inspired construction of a semi-artificial enzyme complex for detecting histone acetyltransferases activity. Analyst 2020; 145:613-618. [PMID: 31782424 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01896d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Herein, an electrochemical method to detect histone acetyltransferases activity (HAT) has been developed based on the reduction of G-Quadruplex-Cu(ii) metalloenzyme activity. A G-quadruplex-Cu(ii) metalloenzyme has excellent peroxidase property, generating strong electrochemical signal. In the presence of HAT, it can catalyze substrate peptide acetylation and produce large amounts of Coenzyme A (CoA). The electrochemical signal of G-Quadruplex-Cu(ii) is weak due to the competitive combination between G-Quadruplex and CoA with Cu(ii), resulting in the direct quantitative detection of HAT. The detection limit for HAT is about 0.14 nM using this strategy and the cost is quite low since the developed assay method is label-free and antibody-free due to the use of low-cost DNA and Cu2+. Since this assay method can be employed to detect HAT in serum, it may be useful in disease diagnosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Gaochun People's Hospital, Nanjing 211300, P. R. China
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10
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Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Resveratrol Butyrate Esters That Have the Ability to Prevent Fat Accumulation in a Liver Cell Culture Model. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184199. [PMID: 32937766 PMCID: PMC7571132 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To facilitate broad applications and enhance bioactivity, resveratrol was esterified to resveratrol butyrate esters (RBE). Esterification with butyric acid was conducted by the Steglich esterification method at room temperature with N-ethyl-N′-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and 4-dimethyl aminopyridine (DMAP). Our experiments demonstrated the synthesis of RBE through EDC- and DMAP-facilitated esterification was successful and that the FTIR spectra of RBE revealed absorption (1751 cm−1) in the ester region. 13C-NMR spectrum of RBE showed a peak at 171 ppm corresponding to the ester group and peaks between 1700 and 1600 cm−1 in the FTIR spectra. RBE treatment (25 or 50 μM) decreased oleic acid-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. This effect was stronger than that of resveratrol and mediated through the downregulation of p-ACC and SREBP-2 expression. This is the first study demonstrating RBE could be synthesized by the Steglich method and that resulting RBE could inhibit lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. These results suggest that RBE could potentially serve as functional food ingredients and supplements for health promotion.
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Micheli L, Pacini A, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Trallori E, D’Ambrosio R, Bianchini C, Lampertico P, Ghelardini C. Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Steatosis: Preclinical Study of a New Nutraceutical Multitarget Formulation. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1819. [PMID: 32570937 PMCID: PMC7353335 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifactorial pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) disease, a wide-spread liver pathology associated with metabolic alterations triggered by hepatic steatosis, should be hit by multitarget therapeutics. We tested a multicomponent food supplement mixture (AP-NHm), whose components have anti-dislipidemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, on in vitro and in vivo models of NASH. In vitro, hepatic cells cultures were treated for 24 h with 0.5 mM oleic acid (OA): in the co-treatment set cells were co-treated with AP-NH mixtures (AP-NHm, 1:3:10 ratio) and in the post-injury set AP-NHm was added for 48 h after OA damage. In vivo, C57BL/6 mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks, inducing NASH at 7th week, and treated with AP-NHm at two dosages (1:3 ratio) in co-treatment or post-injury protocols, while a control group was fed with a standard diet. In in vitro co-treatment protocol, alterations of redox balance, proinflammatory cytokines release and glucose uptake were restored in a dose-dependent manner, at highest dosages also in post-injury regimen. In both regimens, pathologic dyslipidemias were also ameliorated by AP-NHm. In vivo, high-dose-AP-NHm-co-treated-HFD mice dose-dependently gained less body weight, were protected from dyslipidemia, and showed a lower liver weight. Dose-dependently, AP-NHm treatment lowered hepatic LDL, HDL, triglycerides levels and oxidative damage; co-treatment regimen was anti-inflammatory, reducing TNF-α and IL-8 levels. Hepatic lipidic infiltration significantly decreased in co-treated and post-injury-AP-NHm-HFD animals. The multitarget approach with AP-NHm was effective in preventing and reducing NASH-related pathologic features, warranting for the clinical development of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Micheli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Neurofarba—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.M.); (E.T.); (C.G.)
| | - Alessandra Pacini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Neurofarba—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.M.); (E.T.); (C.G.)
| | - Elena Trallori
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Neurofarba—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.M.); (E.T.); (C.G.)
| | - Roberta D’Ambrosio
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico—Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology—CRC “A. M. and A. Migliavacca” Center for Liver Disease, 20122 Milan, Italy; (R.D.); (P.L.)
| | | | - Pietro Lampertico
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico—Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology—CRC “A. M. and A. Migliavacca” Center for Liver Disease, 20122 Milan, Italy; (R.D.); (P.L.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Neurofarba—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.M.); (E.T.); (C.G.)
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12
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Huang K, Yu W, Li S, Guan X, Liu J, Song H, Liu D, Duan R. Effect of embryo-remaining oat rice on the lipid profile and intestinal microbiota in high-fat diet fed rats. Food Res Int 2019; 129:108816. [PMID: 32036900 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Embryo-remaining oat rice (EROR), as a newly developed oat product, is popular in China for its good taste, but little is known about its healthy functions. In this study, the effects of EROR on lipid metabolism regulation were investigated in in vitro and in vivo models. The results showed that the oat ethanol extracts significantly alleviated lipid accumulation, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in HepG2 cells. EROR supplementation dramatically improved the lipid profile in the serum and liver and downregulated the expression levels of HMGCR, SREBP-1C and FAS, which are related to lipid metabolic disorder in high-fat diet (HFD) fed rats. A HFD decreases the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the cecum, which are related to intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. The intake of EROR significantly increased the total SCFAs, acetate and propionate and promoted the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria. Furthermore, the intake of EROR led to abundant increases in Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia and decreases of Rombutsia, Fusicatenibacter, Holdemanella and Turicibacter, which were negatively and positively correlated with the lipid metabolism-related indices. These results provide evidence that EROR is a good functional food candidate to ameliorate lipid metabolic disorder and hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Huang
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Sen Li
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiao Guan
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 200135, PR China
| | - Hongdong Song
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Dandan Liu
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ruiqian Duan
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
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Anti-Aging Effects of Schisandrae chinensis Fructus Extract: Improvement of Insulin Sensitivity and Muscle Function in Aged Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:5642149. [PMID: 31781273 PMCID: PMC6875301 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5642149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Schisandrae chinensis Fructus has a long history of medicinal use as a tonic, a sedative, and an antitussive drug. In this study, we investigated the beneficial effects of Schisandrae chinensis Fructus ethanol extract (SFe) on metabolism in an aged mouse model. Sixteen-month-old C57BL/6J mice were fed with a diet supplemented with SFe for 4 months. Insulin sensitivity was lower at 20 months of age than at 16 months of age; however, the decrease in insulin sensitivity was less in SFe-fed mice. SFe supplementation also appeared to improve glucose tolerance. Body weight gain was lower in SFe-fed mice than in mice fed the control diet. Body fat mass was lower and the lean mass was higher in SFe-fed mice. In addition, the grip strength was enhanced in SFe-fed mice. Histological analysis of the tibialis anterior muscle showed that the size of myofiber and slow-twitch red muscle was increased by SFe supplementation. The expression of proteins related to muscle protein synthesis such as phospho-Erk1 and phospho-S6K1 was increased by SFe supplementation. The mRNA expression of genes related to myogenesis and their encoded proteins such as MyoD, Myf5, MRF4, myogenin, and myosin heavy chain, was increased, whereas that of genes related to muscle degradation, such as atrogin-1, MuRF-1, and myostatin, were decreased relative to control mice. These results suggest that SFe supplementation might have beneficial effects for the improvement of insulin sensitivity and inhibition of muscle loss that occur with aging.
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Potential of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. in Human Health and Nutrition: A Review of Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Perspectives. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020333. [PMID: 30720717 PMCID: PMC6412213 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (SCE) is a plant with high potential for beneficial health effects, confirmed by molecular studies. Its constituents exert anti-cancer effects through the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, as well as inhibition of invasion and metastasis in cancer cell lines and experimental animals. SCE displays antimicrobial effects against several pathogenic strains. It has anti-diabetic potential, supported by hypoglycemic activity. A diet rich in SCE improves pancreatic functions, stimulates insulin secretion, and reduces complications in diabetic animals. SCE prevents lipid accumulation and differentiation of preadipocytes, indicating its anti-obesity potential. SCE exerts a protective effect against skin photoaging, osteoarthritis, sarcopenia, senescence, and mitochondrial dysfunction, and improves physical endurance and cognitive/behavioural functions, which can be linked with its general anti-aging potency. In food technology, SCE is applied as a preservative, and as an additive to increase the flavour, taste, and nutritional value of food. In summary, SCE displays a variety of beneficial health effects, with no side effects. Further research is needed to determine the molecular mechanisms of SCE action. First, the constituents responsible for its beneficial effects should be isolated and identified, and recommended as preventative nutritional additives, or considered as therapeutics.
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Kim JH, Lee JM, Kim JH, Kim KR. Fluvastatin activates sirtuin 6 to regulate sterol regulatory element-binding proteins and AMP-activated protein kinase in HepG2 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:1415-1421. [PMID: 30078674 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins, a family of NAD+-dependent deacetylase enzymes, have been identified as mammalian homologs of yeast silent information regulator 2 (SIR2). Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) plays important roles in cell homeostasis, DNA damage repair, cancer suppression, and aging. SIRT6 overexpression improves metabolic diseases, such as hypercholesterolemia, cholesterol-related disease, and type 2 diabetes via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. SIRT6 is abundant in the liver and is a crucial target for patients with liver steatosis. Compounds for drug repositioning were screened to identify potential SIRT6 activators, and fluvastatin, a synthetic inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase that reduces cholesterol synthesis, was identified to activate SIRT6. When HepG2 cells were treated with fluvastatin, the expression of SIRT6 and phosphorylation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1 and AMPKα, which is regulated by SIRT6, increased. In this study, we examined the mechanism underlying cholesterol regulation by fluvastatin via SREBP-1 and AMPKα pathway and suggested that fluvastatin is an SIRT6 activator that regulates cholesterol homeostasis and fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Kim
- Division of Innovative Target Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 305-343, South Korea; Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, South Korea
| | - Jun Mi Lee
- Division of Innovative Target Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 305-343, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, South Korea
| | - Kwang Rok Kim
- Division of Innovative Target Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 305-343, South Korea.
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